Diverticulitis, Colonic
Sigmoid Diseases
Colonic Diseases
Diverticulosis, Colonic
Diverticulum
Colon
Urinary Bladder Fistula
Barium Sulfate
Enema
Appendicitis
Anastomosis, Surgical
Intestinal Fistula
Surgical Procedures, Elective
Watchful Waiting
Intestinal Obstruction
Peritonitis
Laparoscopy
Pneumoperitoneum
Meckel Diverticulum
Peritoneal Lavage
Intestinal Mucosa
Abdomen, Acute
Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
Anastomotic Leak
Therapeutic Irrigation
Abdominal Abscess
Fistula
Colonic Polyps
Abscess
Encyclopedias as Topic
CAPD in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. (1/137)
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether there are specific complications to continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) due to defects in various wall structures--causing hernia and diverticulitis--and to enlarged kidneys. DESIGN: The clinical experience of CAPD in 26 patients with ADPKD, treated for 11+/-6 months, was studied in retrospect and compared with that of 26 contemporary controls. Medical records were reviewed with respect to survival in this treatment form and any complication. Peritoneal dialysis capacity (PDC), as measured in 21 ADPKD patients and 20 controls, was also evaluated. SETTING: University Hospital. RESULTS: Before initiation of CAPD, enlarged kidneys necessitated nephrectomy in 2 of 26 ADPKD patients; both cases were registered as preparation for transplantation, not for CAPD. Survival in CAPD was similar in ADPKD patients and controls. Hernia was present in 4 ADPKD patients and 2 controls, and required transfer to hemodialysis in 1 patient from each group, temporarily. The incidence of peritonitis was 1 per 20 months in ADPKD patients versus 1 in 27 months in the controls, not significantly different. Peritonitis was caused by colonic bacteria in similar numbers. Residual renal function was 1.9 2.1 mL/min per 1.73 m2 in ADPKD patients versus 1.9+/-1.4 mL/min per 1.73 m2 in the controls. No difference was detected in any of the variables measured by PDC. CONCLUSION: There were no specific problems related to ADPKD. (+info)Extranasal T/NK-cell lymphoma presenting as intestinal diverticulum. (2/137)
A case of intestinal angiocentric T/NK-cell lymphoma in a 58-year-old man is reported. The patient presented initially with panperitonitis because of perforation of sigmoid colon diverticulum. He underwent segmentectomy of involved bowel. Histologically, the intestinal wall showed diffuse infiltration of medium or large size lymphoma cells with angiocentric growth and necrosis. The lymphoma cells were CD56+, CD45RO+, CD3+, CD4-, CD8-, CD20-, and CD30- in paraffin sections with germline configuration of TCR-gamma gene, consistent with T/NK-cell lymphoma. Further staging revealed splenomegaly. Intestinal angiocentric T/NK cell lymphoma represents a distinct etiology of diverticulum with perforation. (+info)Laparoscopic surgery for inflammatory complications of acute sigmoid diverticulitis. (3/137)
From March 1995 through March 2000, we treated patients with the laparoscopic approach who had emergent and urgent indications for surgery. We report a series of 17 procedures in 16 patients in the acute category excluding those with active bleeding. One case of morbidity (DVT) but no moralities occurred, with 3 of 17 patients converted to an open approach. The postoperative course and subsequent recoveries compare favorably with the open approach to this disease process. Three other series are discussed for comparison, all showing similar favorable results. We concluded that given sufficient experience in minimally invasive colon surgery, surgeons can manage acute inflammatory complications of sigmoid diverticulitis laparoscopically with potential benefit to the patient. (+info)Colonoscopy in management of colonic strictures. (4/137)
A total of 160 strictures were examined in 154 patients with the fibreoptic colonoscope. When it was possible to make a pre-examination diagnosis colonoscopy proved it wrong in 52% of cases. Unnecessary laparotomy was probably avoided in over half this series. All strictures of the large bowel should be examined colonoscopially whenever possible before considering surgery. (+info)T cell receptor delta repertoire in inflamed and noninflamed colon of patients with IBD analyzed by CDR3 spectratyping. (5/137)
Gamma/delta T cells might play an important role in autoimmune conditions like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In the present study, we characterized the T cell receptor (TCR)-delta repertoire by complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) spectratyping in the inflamed and noninflamed mucosa and in the peripheral blood of subjects with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. In contrast to previously published data about alpha/beta T cells, we rarely found oligoclonal expansions of gamma/delta T cells specific only for the inflamed mucosa. The same dominant gamma/delta T cell expansions were also present in the noninflamed colon. Furthermore, the peripheral gamma/delta TCR repertoire was oligoclonal but clearly distinct from that in the inflamed intestine. Thus our results do not support a role for antigen-specific gamma/delta T cells in IBD, and dominant gamma/delta T cells of the peripheral blood are not likely to be derived from the inflamed gut. However, in several patients, the TCR-delta-repertoire was highly diversified, whereas in others we observed a loss of dominant gamma/delta T cell clones when inflamed and noninflamed mucosa were compared. In conclusion, those changes indicate that gamma/delta T cells might play an important role in a subset of patients with IBD. (+info)Epidemiology of perforated colonic diverticular disease. (6/137)
Perforated colonic diverticular disease results in considerable mortality and morbidity. This review appraises existing evidence on the epidemiology and mechanisms of perforation, highlights areas of further study, and suggests an epidemiological approach towards preventing the condition. Computerised searches were used to identify published articles relating to the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical features of perforated colonic diverticular disease. Several drug and dietary exposures have potential biological mechanisms for causing perforation. Of these only non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been consistently identified as risk factors in aetiological studies. The causes of perforated colonic diverticular disease remain largely unknown. Further aetiological studies, looking specifically at perforation, are required to investigate whether cause-effect relationships exist for both drug and dietary exposures. The identification of risk factors for perforation would allow primary public health prevention, secondary risk factor modification, and early prophylactic surgery to be aimed at people at high risk. (+info)Diverticular disease of the colon--on the rise: a study of hospital admissions in England between 1989/1990 and 1999/2000. (7/137)
BACKGROUND: Diverticular disease emerged as a common problem in Western countries over the course of the 20th century. AIMS: To determine the time trends in diverticular disease for hospital admissions in England between 1989/1990 and 1999/2000 and population mortality rates from 1979 to 1999. METHODS: Hospital Episode Statistics were obtained from the Department of Health and mortality data from the Office for National Statistics. RESULTS: Between 1989/1990 and 1999/2000, annual age-standardized hospital admission rates for diverticular disease increased by 16% for males (from 20.1 to 23.2 per 100,000) and 12% for females (from 28.6 to 31.9 per 100,000). Female rates were significantly higher than male rates throughout the study period. The proportions of admissions with an operation increased by 16% for males (from 22.9% to 24.1%) and 14% for females (from 19.7% to 22.3%). Older patients were less likely to undergo operation than younger patients. In-patient case fatality rates and population mortality rates remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: Admission rates for diverticular disease increased over the study period. The proportion of patients who underwent operation increased, but in-patient and population mortality rates remained unchanged. With an ageing population, diverticular disease will become an increasingly important clinical problem in England. (+info)Diverticular disease of the colon: new perspectives in symptom development and treatment. (8/137)
Diverticular disease of the colon is a common disease worldwide. Although the disease is asymptomatic in about 70-80 % of patients, it represents, at least in Western countries, one of the most important gastrointestinal diseases in terms of direct and indirect health costs. Pathogenesis of the disease is still unknown. However, it is the result of complex interactions between colonic structure, intestinal motility, diet and genetic factors. Whilst efficacious preventive strategies remain to be identified, fibre supplementation in the diet is recommended. Why symptoms develop is still unclear. Results of recent experimental studies on irritable bowel syndrome speculated that low grade inflammation of colonic mucosa, induced by changes in bacterial microflora, could affect the enteric nervous system, which is crucial for normal gut function, thus favouring symptom development. This hypothesis could be extrapolated also for diverticular disease, since bacterial overgrowth is present, at least in a subgroup of patients. These perspectives on symptom development are reviewed and new therapeutic approaches are hypothesized. (+info)Diverticulitis is a medical condition characterized by the inflammation or infection of one or more diverticula, which are small pouches that form in the wall of the colon (large intestine). The condition most commonly affects the sigmoid colon, which is the part of the colon located in the lower left abdomen.
Diverticulitis occurs when these pouches become inflamed or infected, often as a result of a small piece of stool or undigested food getting trapped inside them. This can cause symptoms such as:
* Severe abdominal pain and tenderness, particularly in the lower left side of the abdomen
* Fever and chills
* Nausea and vomiting
* Constipation or diarrhea
* Bloating and gas
* Loss of appetite
Diverticulitis can range from mild to severe, and in some cases, it may require hospitalization and surgery. Treatment typically involves antibiotics to clear the infection, as well as a liquid diet to allow the colon to rest and heal. In more severe cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the affected portion of the colon.
Diverticulitis, Colonic is a medical condition characterized by the inflammation or infection of one or more diverticula in the colon. Diverticula are small, bulging pouches that form in the wall of the colon, usually in older adults. They are caused by increased pressure on weakened areas of the colon wall, resulting in the formation of these sac-like protrusions.
When diverticula become inflamed or infected, it leads to the condition known as diverticulitis. Symptoms of colonic diverticulitis may include abdominal pain, fever, nausea, vomiting, constipation or diarrhea, and a decreased appetite. In severe cases, complications such as perforation, abscess formation, or peritonitis (inflammation of the lining of the abdominal cavity) may occur, requiring hospitalization and surgical intervention.
The exact cause of diverticulitis is not fully understood, but it is believed to be associated with a low-fiber diet, obesity, smoking, and lack of exercise. Treatment typically involves antibiotics to clear the infection, a liquid diet to allow the colon to rest, and over-the-counter or prescription pain medications to manage discomfort. In severe cases or in patients who experience recurrent episodes of diverticulitis, surgery may be necessary to remove the affected portion of the colon.
The sigmoid colon is a part of the large intestine that forms an "S"-shaped curve before it joins the rectum. It gets its name from its unique shape, which resembles the Greek letter sigma (σ). The main function of the sigmoid colon is to store stool temporarily and assist in the absorption of water and electrolytes from digestive waste before it is eliminated from the body.
"Sigmoid diseases" is not a widely recognized medical term. However, the sigmoid colon is a part of the large intestine, and it can be affected by various conditions such as:
1. Sigmoid diverticulitis: Inflammation or infection of small pouches (diverticula) that form on the wall of the sigmoid colon.
2. Sigmoid volvulus: Twisting of the sigmoid colon on itself, which can lead to obstruction and ischemia.
3. Sigmoid cancer: Malignant tumor arising from the epithelial cells lining the sigmoid colon.
4. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): Chronic inflammation of the intestine, including the sigmoid colon, that can lead to symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss.
5. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): Functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain, bloating, and altered bowel habits, which can affect the sigmoid colon.
Therefore, "sigmoid diseases" could refer to any of these conditions or others that specifically affect the sigmoid colon.
A diverticulum of the colon is a small sac or pouch that forms in the wall of the large intestine (colon). These sacs usually develop in areas where the blood vessels pass through the muscle layer of the colon, creating a weak spot that eventually bulges outward. Diverticula can occur anywhere along the length of the colon, but they are most commonly found in the lower part of the colon, also known as the sigmoid colon.
Diverticula themselves are not harmful and often do not cause any symptoms. However, when these sacs become inflamed or infected, it can lead to a condition called diverticulitis, which can cause pain, fever, nausea, vomiting, constipation, or diarrhea. Diverticulitis is usually treated with antibiotics and a liquid diet, but in severe cases, surgery may be required.
Risk factors for developing colonic diverticula include aging, obesity, smoking, low fiber intake, and lack of physical activity. Regular screening is recommended for individuals over the age of 50 to detect and prevent complications associated with diverticular disease.
Intestinal perforation is a medical condition that refers to a hole or tear in the lining of the intestine. This can occur anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract, including the small intestine, large intestine (colon), or stomach. Intestinal perforation allows the contents of the intestines, such as digestive enzymes and bacteria, to leak into the abdominal cavity, which can lead to a serious inflammatory response known as peritonitis.
Intestinal perforation can be caused by various factors, including:
* Mechanical trauma (e.g., gunshot wounds, stab wounds)
* Inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis)
* Diverticulitis
* Appendicitis
* Intestinal obstruction
* Infections (e.g., typhoid fever, tuberculosis)
* Certain medications (e.g., nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids)
* Radiation therapy
* Ischemic bowel disease (lack of blood flow to the intestines)
Symptoms of intestinal perforation may include sudden abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, and decreased bowel movements. Treatment typically involves surgery to repair the perforation and remove any damaged tissue. Antibiotics are also administered to prevent infection. In severe cases, a temporary or permanent colostomy or ileostomy may be necessary.
Colonic diseases refer to a group of medical conditions that affect the colon, also known as the large intestine or large bowel. The colon is the final segment of the digestive system, responsible for absorbing water and electrolytes, and storing and eliminating waste products.
Some common colonic diseases include:
1. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): This includes conditions such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, which cause inflammation and irritation in the lining of the digestive tract.
2. Diverticular disease: This occurs when small pouches called diverticula form in the walls of the colon, leading to symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel movements.
3. Colorectal cancer: This is a type of cancer that develops in the colon or rectum, often starting as benign polyps that grow and become malignant over time.
4. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): This is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel movements, but without any underlying structural or inflammatory causes.
5. Constipation: This is a common condition characterized by infrequent bowel movements, difficulty passing stools, or both.
6. Infectious colitis: This occurs when the colon becomes infected with bacteria, viruses, or parasites, leading to symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and fever.
Treatment for colonic diseases varies depending on the specific condition and its severity. Treatment options may include medications, lifestyle changes, surgery, or a combination of these approaches.
Diverticulosis, colonic is a medical condition characterized by the presence of small sacs or pouches (diverticula) that form on the outer wall of the large intestine (colon). These sacs are usually found in the sigmoid colon, which is the part of the colon that is closest to the rectum.
Diverticulosis occurs when the inner layer of the colon's muscle pushes through weak spots in the outer layer of the colon wall, creating small pockets or sacs. The exact cause of diverticulosis is not known, but it may be associated with a low-fiber diet, aging, and increased pressure in the colon.
Most people with diverticulosis do not experience any symptoms, and the condition is often discovered during routine screening exams or when complications arise. However, some people may experience cramping, bloating, and changes in bowel habits.
Diverticulosis can lead to complications such as inflammation (diverticulitis), bleeding, and infection. It is important to seek medical attention if you experience symptoms such as severe abdominal pain, fever, or rectal bleeding, as these may be signs of a more serious condition.
Treatment for diverticulosis typically involves making dietary changes, increasing fiber intake, and taking medications to manage symptoms. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove affected portions of the colon.
A diverticulum is a small sac or pouch that forms as a result of a weakness in the wall of a hollow organ, such as the intestine. These sacs can become inflamed or infected, leading to conditions like diverticulitis. Diverticula are common in the large intestine, particularly in the colon, and are more likely to develop with age. They are usually asymptomatic but can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, constipation, or diarrhea if they become inflamed or infected.
A colectomy is a surgical procedure in which all or part of the large intestine (colon) is removed. This surgery may be performed to treat or prevent various medical conditions, including colon cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, diverticulitis, and severe obstructions or injuries of the colon.
There are several types of colectomies, depending on how much of the colon is removed:
* Total colectomy: Removal of the entire colon.
* Partial colectomy: Removal of a portion of the colon.
* Hemicolectomy: Removal of one half of the colon.
* Sigmoidectomy: Removal of the sigmoid colon, which is the part of the colon that is closest to the rectum.
After the affected portion of the colon is removed, the remaining ends of the intestine are reconnected, allowing stool to pass through the digestive system as usual. In some cases, a temporary or permanent colostomy may be necessary, in which a surgical opening (stoma) is created in the abdominal wall and the end of the colon is attached to it, allowing stool to be collected in a pouch outside the body.
Colectomies are major surgeries that require general anesthesia and hospitalization. The recovery time can vary depending on the type of colectomy performed and the individual's overall health, but typically ranges from several weeks to a few months. Complications of colectomy may include bleeding, infection, leakage from the surgical site, bowel obstruction, and changes in bowel habits or function.
The colon, also known as the large intestine, is a part of the digestive system in humans and other vertebrates. It is an organ that eliminates waste from the body and is located between the small intestine and the rectum. The main function of the colon is to absorb water and electrolytes from digested food, forming and storing feces until they are eliminated through the anus.
The colon is divided into several regions, including the cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, and anus. The walls of the colon contain a layer of muscle that helps to move waste material through the organ by a process called peristalsis.
The inner surface of the colon is lined with mucous membrane, which secretes mucus to lubricate the passage of feces. The colon also contains a large population of bacteria, known as the gut microbiota, which play an important role in digestion and immunity.
Jejunal diseases refer to a range of medical conditions that affect the jejunum, which is the middle section of the small intestine. These diseases can cause various symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, bloating, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss. Some examples of jejunal diseases include:
1. Jejunal inflammation or infection (jejunitis)
2. Crohn's disease, which can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract including the jejunum
3. Intestinal lymphoma, a type of cancer that can develop in the small intestine
4. Celiac disease, an autoimmune disorder that causes damage to the small intestine when gluten is consumed
5. Intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), which can occur due to various reasons including structural abnormalities or motility disorders of the jejunum
6. Meckel's diverticulum, a congenital condition where a small pouch protrudes from the wall of the intestine, usually located in the ileum but can also affect the jejunum
7. Intestinal strictures or obstructions caused by scarring, adhesions, or tumors
8. Radiation enteritis, damage to the small intestine caused by radiation therapy for cancer treatment.
The diagnosis and management of jejunal diseases depend on the specific condition and its severity. Treatment options may include medications, dietary modifications, surgery, or a combination of these approaches.
A colostomy is a surgical procedure that involves creating an opening, or stoma, through the abdominal wall to divert the flow of feces from the colon (large intestine) through this opening and into a pouch or bag worn outside the body. This procedure is typically performed when a portion of the colon has been removed due to disease or injury, such as cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, or trauma.
There are several types of colostomies, including end colostomy, loop colostomy, and double-barrel colostomy, which differ in terms of the location and configuration of the stoma. The type of colostomy performed will depend on the individual's medical condition and the specific goals of the surgery.
After a colostomy, patients will need to learn how to care for their stoma and manage their bowel movements using specialized equipment and techniques. With proper care and management, most people are able to lead active and fulfilling lives after a colostomy.
Colonic neoplasms refer to abnormal growths in the large intestine, also known as the colon. These growths can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). The two most common types of colonic neoplasms are adenomas and carcinomas.
Adenomas are benign tumors that can develop into cancer over time if left untreated. They are often found during routine colonoscopies and can be removed during the procedure.
Carcinomas, on the other hand, are malignant tumors that invade surrounding tissues and can spread to other parts of the body. Colorectal cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States, and colonic neoplasms are a significant risk factor for developing this type of cancer.
Regular screenings for colonic neoplasms are recommended for individuals over the age of 50 or those with a family history of colorectal cancer or other risk factors. Early detection and removal of colonic neoplasms can significantly reduce the risk of developing colorectal cancer.
A urinary bladder fistula is an abnormal connection or passage between the urinary bladder and another organ or structure, such as the skin, intestine, or vagina. This condition can result from various factors, including surgery, injury, infection, inflammation, radiation therapy, or malignancy.
Bladder fistulas may lead to symptoms like continuous leakage of urine through the skin, frequent urinary tract infections, and fecal matter in the urine (when the fistula involves the intestine). The diagnosis typically involves imaging tests, such as a CT scan or cystogram, while treatment often requires surgical repair of the fistula.
Barium sulfate is a medication that is commonly used as a contrast material in medical imaging procedures, such as X-rays and CT scans. It works by coating the inside of the digestive tract, making it visible on an X-ray or CT scan and allowing doctors to see detailed images of the stomach, intestines, and other parts of the digestive system.
Barium sulfate is a white, chalky powder that is mixed with water to create a thick, milky liquid. It is generally safe and does not cause significant side effects when used in medical imaging procedures. However, it should not be taken by individuals who have a known allergy to barium or who have certain digestive conditions, such as obstructions or perforations of the bowel.
It's important to note that while barium sulfate is an important tool for medical diagnosis, it is not a treatment for any medical condition and should only be used under the direction of a healthcare professional.
An enema is a medical procedure in which liquid is introduced into the lower part of the large intestine, specifically the sigmoid colon or rectum, through the anus using a special device called an enema kit. The liquid used can be plain water, saline solution, or a medicated solution, and it is typically retained for a short period of time before being expelled.
The purpose of an enema may vary, but it is often used to relieve constipation, prepare the bowel for medical procedures such as colonoscopy, or administer medications or nutrients that cannot be taken by mouth. Enemas can also be used for therapeutic purposes, such as to stimulate the immune system or promote relaxation.
It is important to follow proper instructions when administering an enema to avoid injury or discomfort. Possible side effects of enemas may include cramping, bloating, nausea, or electrolyte imbalances. If you have any health concerns or conditions that may be affected by an enema, it is recommended to consult with a healthcare professional before using one.
Appendicitis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the appendix, a small finger-like structure that projects from the colon located in the lower right abdomen. The appendix doesn't have a known function, and its removal (appendectomy) does not appear to affect a person's health.
The inflammation of the appendix can be caused by various factors, such as obstruction due to hardened stool, foreign bodies, or tumors. The blockage can lead to increased pressure within the appendix, reduced blood flow, and bacterial growth, resulting in infection and inflammation. If left untreated, appendicitis can progress to peritonitis (inflammation of the lining of the abdominal cavity) or even sepsis, a life-threatening condition.
Common symptoms of appendicitis include:
* Sudden onset of pain in the lower right abdomen, which may start around the navel and shift to the lower right side over several hours
* Pain that worsens with movement, coughing, or sneezing
* Nausea and vomiting
* Loss of appetite
* Fever and chills
* Constipation or diarrhea
* Abdominal swelling or bloating
If you suspect appendicitis, it's essential to seek immediate medical attention. The standard treatment for appendicitis is surgical removal of the appendix (appendectomy), which can be performed as an open surgery or laparoscopically. Antibiotics are also administered to treat any existing infection. Delaying treatment can lead to serious complications, so it's crucial not to ignore symptoms and seek medical help promptly.
Surgical anastomosis is a medical procedure that involves the connection of two tubular structures, such as blood vessels or intestines, to create a continuous passage. This technique is commonly used in various types of surgeries, including vascular, gastrointestinal, and orthopedic procedures.
During a surgical anastomosis, the ends of the two tubular structures are carefully prepared by removing any damaged or diseased tissue. The ends are then aligned and joined together using sutures, staples, or other devices. The connection must be secure and leak-free to ensure proper function and healing.
The success of a surgical anastomosis depends on several factors, including the patient's overall health, the location and condition of the structures being joined, and the skill and experience of the surgeon. Complications such as infection, bleeding, or leakage can occur, which may require additional medical intervention or surgery.
Proper postoperative care is also essential to ensure the success of a surgical anastomosis. This may include monitoring for signs of complications, administering medications to prevent infection and promote healing, and providing adequate nutrition and hydration.
An intestinal fistula is an abnormal communication or connection between the intestines (or a portion of the intestine) and another organ or the skin surface. This connection forms a tract or passage, allowing the contents of the intestines, such as digestive enzymes, bacteria, and waste materials, to leak into other body areas or outside the body. Intestinal fistulas can develop due to various reasons, including inflammatory bowel diseases (like Crohn's disease), infections, complications from surgery, radiation therapy, or trauma. They can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, skin irritation, and infection. Treatment of intestinal fistulas often involves a combination of medical management, nutritional support, and surgical intervention.
The digestive system is a series of organs that work together to convert food into nutrients and energy. Digestive system surgical procedures involve operations on any part of the digestive system, including the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, pancreas, and gallbladder. These procedures can be performed for a variety of reasons, such as to treat diseases, repair damage, or remove cancerous growths.
Some common digestive system surgical procedures include:
1. Gastric bypass surgery: A procedure in which the stomach is divided into two parts and the smaller part is connected directly to the small intestine, bypassing a portion of the stomach and upper small intestine. This procedure is used to treat severe obesity.
2. Colonoscopy: A procedure in which a flexible tube with a camera on the end is inserted into the rectum and colon to examine the lining for polyps, cancer, or other abnormalities.
3. Colectomy: A procedure in which all or part of the colon is removed, often due to cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, or diverticulitis.
4. Gastrostomy: A procedure in which a hole is made through the abdominal wall and into the stomach to create an opening for feeding. This is often done for patients who have difficulty swallowing.
5. Esophagectomy: A procedure in which all or part of the esophagus is removed, often due to cancer. The remaining esophagus is then reconnected to the stomach or small intestine.
6. Liver resection: A procedure in which a portion of the liver is removed, often due to cancer or other diseases.
7. Pancreatectomy: A procedure in which all or part of the pancreas is removed, often due to cancer or chronic pancreatitis.
8. Cholecystectomy: A procedure in which the gallbladder is removed, often due to gallstones or inflammation.
These are just a few examples of digestive system surgical procedures. There are many other types of operations that can be performed on the digestive system depending on the specific needs and condition of each patient.
Elective surgical procedures are operations that are scheduled in advance because they do not involve a medical emergency. These surgeries are chosen or "elective" based on the patient's and doctor's decision to improve the patient's quality of life or to treat a non-life-threatening condition. Examples include but are not limited to:
1. Aesthetic or cosmetic surgery such as breast augmentation, rhinoplasty, etc.
2. Orthopedic surgeries like knee or hip replacements
3. Cataract surgery
4. Some types of cancer surgeries where the tumor is not spreading or causing severe symptoms
5. Gastric bypass for weight loss
It's important to note that while these procedures are planned, they still require thorough preoperative evaluation and preparation, and carry risks and benefits that need to be carefully considered by both the patient and the healthcare provider.
The appendix is a small, tube-like structure that projects from the large intestine, located in the lower right quadrant of the abdomen. Its function in humans is not well understood and is often considered vestigial, meaning it no longer serves a necessary purpose. However, in some animals, the appendix plays a role in the immune system. Inflammation of the appendix, known as appendicitis, can cause severe abdominal pain and requires medical attention, often leading to surgical removal of the appendix (appendectomy).
Watchful waiting is a medical approach where monitoring and careful observation are used in place of immediate treatment for certain conditions, such as slow-growing cancers or chronic diseases. The goal is to delay active treatment until there are signs that it's necessary, thus avoiding unnecessary side effects and costs associated with early intervention. Regular follow-ups and tests are conducted to track the progression of the condition and determine if and when treatment should be initiated.
Intestinal obstruction, also known as bowel obstruction, is a medical condition characterized by a blockage that prevents the normal flow of contents through the small intestine or large intestine (colon). This blockage can be caused by various factors such as tumors, adhesions (scar tissue), hernias, inflammation, or impacted feces.
The obstruction can be mechanical, where something physically blocks the intestinal lumen, or functional, where the normal muscular contractions of the bowel are impaired. Mechanical obstructions are more common than functional ones.
Symptoms of intestinal obstruction may include abdominal pain and cramping, nausea and vomiting, bloating, inability to pass gas or have a bowel movement, and abdominal distention. If left untreated, intestinal obstruction can lead to serious complications such as tissue death (necrosis), perforation of the intestine, and sepsis. Treatment typically involves hospitalization, intravenous fluids, nasogastric decompression, and possibly surgery to remove the obstruction.
A colonoscopy is a medical procedure used to examine the large intestine, also known as the colon and rectum. It is performed using a flexible tube with a tiny camera on the end, called a colonoscope, which is inserted into the rectum and gently guided through the entire length of the colon.
The procedure allows doctors to visually inspect the lining of the colon for any abnormalities such as polyps, ulcers, inflammation, or cancer. If any polyps are found during the procedure, they can be removed immediately using special tools passed through the colonoscope. Colonoscopy is an important tool in the prevention and early detection of colorectal cancer, which is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide.
Patients are usually given a sedative to help them relax during the procedure, which is typically performed on an outpatient basis in a hospital or clinic setting. The entire procedure usually takes about 30-60 minutes to complete, although patients should plan to spend several hours at the medical facility for preparation and recovery.
Peritonitis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the peritoneum, which is the serous membrane that lines the inner wall of the abdominal cavity and covers the abdominal organs. The peritoneum has an important role in protecting the abdominal organs and providing a smooth surface for them to move against each other.
Peritonitis can occur as a result of bacterial or fungal infection, chemical irritation, or trauma to the abdomen. The most common cause of peritonitis is a rupture or perforation of an organ in the abdominal cavity, such as the appendix, stomach, or intestines, which allows bacteria from the gut to enter the peritoneal cavity.
Symptoms of peritonitis may include abdominal pain and tenderness, fever, nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite, and decreased bowel movements. In severe cases, peritonitis can lead to sepsis, a life-threatening condition characterized by widespread inflammation throughout the body.
Treatment for peritonitis typically involves antibiotics to treat the infection, as well as surgical intervention to repair any damage to the abdominal organs and remove any infected fluid or tissue from the peritoneal cavity. In some cases, a temporary or permanent drain may be placed in the abdomen to help remove excess fluid and promote healing.
Laparoscopy is a surgical procedure that involves the insertion of a laparoscope, which is a thin tube with a light and camera attached to it, through small incisions in the abdomen. This allows the surgeon to view the internal organs without making large incisions. It's commonly used to diagnose and treat various conditions such as endometriosis, ovarian cysts, infertility, and appendicitis. The advantages of laparoscopy over traditional open surgery include smaller incisions, less pain, shorter hospital stays, and quicker recovery times.
Pneumoperitoneum is a medical condition characterized by the presence of free air or gas within the peritoneal cavity, which is the space between the lining of the abdominal wall and the internal organs. This accumulation of air can occur due to various reasons such as perforation of an organ (e.g., stomach, intestine, or esophagus), recent surgery, or medical procedures involving the introduction of air into the abdomen.
The presence of pneumoperitoneum is often diagnosed through imaging techniques like X-rays or computed tomography (CT) scans, which can reveal the presence of free gas in the peritoneal cavity. The condition may require prompt medical attention, depending on the underlying cause and the patient's symptoms. Treatment typically involves addressing the underlying cause, such as repairing a perforation or managing an infection.
Meckel's diverticulum is a congenital condition in which a small pouch-like structure protrudes from the wall of the intestine, typically located on the lower portion of the small intestine, near the junction with the large intestine. It is a remnant of the omphalomesenteric duct, which is a vestigial structure that connects the fetal gut to the yolk sac during embryonic development.
Meckel's diverticulum is usually asymptomatic and goes unnoticed. However, in some cases, it can become inflamed or infected, leading to symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and blood in the stool. This condition is more common in males than females and is typically diagnosed in children under the age of 2. If left untreated, Meckel's diverticulum can lead to complications such as intestinal obstruction, perforation, or bleeding, which may require surgical intervention.
Peritoneal lavage is a medical procedure where a sterile fluid is introduced into the peritoneal cavity, which is the space between the lining of the abdominal wall and the organs within it. The fluid is then allowed to mix with any potentially present infectious or inflammatory material in the cavity. Afterward, the fluid is drained out and sent for laboratory analysis to diagnose various conditions such as bacterial peritonitis or other sources of abdominal infection or inflammation.
The procedure can help identify the presence of infection, determine the type of bacteria causing it, and guide appropriate antibiotic therapy. It is an invasive diagnostic test that requires careful monitoring and proper aseptic technique to avoid complications such as infection or bleeding.
Cecal diseases refer to medical conditions that affect the cecum, which is a pouch-like structure located at the junction of the small and large intestines. The cecum plays an important role in digestion, particularly in the fermentation of certain types of food.
There are several different types of cecal diseases, including:
1. Cecal volvulus: This is a rare condition in which the cecum twists on itself, cutting off blood flow and causing severe pain and other symptoms.
2. Diverticulitis: This occurs when small pouches called diverticula form in the wall of the cecum and become inflamed or infected.
3. Appendicitis: Although not strictly a cecal disease, the appendix is a small tube-like structure that branches off from the cecum. Inflammation of the appendix (appendicitis) can cause severe pain in the lower right abdomen and may require surgical removal of the appendix.
4. Crohn's disease: This is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that can affect any part of the digestive tract, including the cecum.
5. Tuberculosis: The cecum can also be affected by tuberculosis, which is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs but can spread to other parts of the body.
6. Cancer: Although rare, cancer can also affect the cecum, leading to symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel habits.
Treatment for cecal diseases depends on the specific condition and its severity. Treatment options may include antibiotics, surgery, or other medical interventions. If you are experiencing symptoms that may be related to a cecal disease, it is important to seek medical attention promptly.
The intestinal mucosa is the innermost layer of the intestines, which comes into direct contact with digested food and microbes. It is a specialized epithelial tissue that plays crucial roles in nutrient absorption, barrier function, and immune defense. The intestinal mucosa is composed of several cell types, including absorptive enterocytes, mucus-secreting goblet cells, hormone-producing enteroendocrine cells, and immune cells such as lymphocytes and macrophages.
The surface of the intestinal mucosa is covered by a single layer of epithelial cells, which are joined together by tight junctions to form a protective barrier against harmful substances and microorganisms. This barrier also allows for the selective absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream. The intestinal mucosa also contains numerous lymphoid follicles, known as Peyer's patches, which are involved in immune surveillance and defense against pathogens.
In addition to its role in absorption and immunity, the intestinal mucosa is also capable of producing hormones that regulate digestion and metabolism. Dysfunction of the intestinal mucosa can lead to various gastrointestinal disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, and food allergies.
Abdominal pain is defined as discomfort or painful sensation in the abdomen. The abdomen is the region of the body between the chest and the pelvis, and contains many important organs such as the stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and spleen. Abdominal pain can vary in intensity from mild to severe, and can be acute or chronic depending on the underlying cause.
Abdominal pain can have many different causes, ranging from benign conditions such as gastritis, indigestion, or constipation, to more serious conditions such as appendicitis, inflammatory bowel disease, or abdominal aortic aneurysm. The location, quality, and duration of the pain can provide important clues about its cause. For example, sharp, localized pain in the lower right quadrant of the abdomen may indicate appendicitis, while crampy, diffuse pain in the lower abdomen may suggest irritable bowel syndrome.
It is important to seek medical attention if you experience severe or persistent abdominal pain, especially if it is accompanied by other symptoms such as fever, vomiting, or bloody stools. A thorough physical examination, including a careful history and a focused abdominal exam, can help diagnose the underlying cause of the pain and guide appropriate treatment.
"Acute abdomen" is a medical term used to describe a sudden and severe abdominal pain that requires immediate medical attention. This condition can be caused by various factors such as inflammation, infection, obstruction, or perforation of the abdominal organs. Common causes of acute abdomen include appendicitis, cholecystitis, diverticulitis, intestinal obstruction, and perforated ulcers.
The symptoms of acute abdomen may include severe and localized or generalized abdominal pain, tenderness, rigidity, rebound tenderness, fever, nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite. The diagnosis of acute abdomen is usually made based on the patient's history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and imaging studies such as X-rays, ultrasound, or CT scan.
Treatment of acute abdomen depends on the underlying cause and may include antibiotics, intravenous fluids, pain management, and surgery in severe cases. Delayed diagnosis and treatment of acute abdomen can lead to serious complications such as sepsis, peritonitis, and even death.
X-ray computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) is a medical imaging method that uses computer-processed combinations of many X-ray images taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional (tomographic) images (virtual "slices") of the body. These cross-sectional images can then be used to display detailed internal views of organs, bones, and soft tissues in the body.
The term "computed tomography" is used instead of "CT scan" or "CAT scan" because the machines take a series of X-ray measurements from different angles around the body and then use a computer to process these data to create detailed images of internal structures within the body.
CT scanning is a noninvasive, painless medical test that helps physicians diagnose and treat medical conditions. CT imaging provides detailed information about many types of tissue including lung, bone, soft tissue and blood vessels. CT examinations can be performed on every part of the body for a variety of reasons including diagnosis, surgical planning, and monitoring of therapeutic responses.
In computed tomography (CT), an X-ray source and detector rotate around the patient, measuring the X-ray attenuation at many different angles. A computer uses this data to construct a cross-sectional image by the process of reconstruction. This technique is called "tomography". The term "computed" refers to the use of a computer to reconstruct the images.
CT has become an important tool in medical imaging and diagnosis, allowing radiologists and other physicians to view detailed internal images of the body. It can help identify many different medical conditions including cancer, heart disease, lung nodules, liver tumors, and internal injuries from trauma. CT is also commonly used for guiding biopsies and other minimally invasive procedures.
In summary, X-ray computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) is a medical imaging technique that uses computer-processed combinations of many X-ray images taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional images of the body. It provides detailed internal views of organs, bones, and soft tissues in the body, allowing physicians to diagnose and treat medical conditions.
Gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage is a term used to describe any bleeding that occurs in the gastrointestinal tract, which includes the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and rectum. The bleeding can range from mild to severe and can produce symptoms such as vomiting blood, passing black or tarry stools, or having low blood pressure.
GI hemorrhage can be classified as either upper or lower, depending on the location of the bleed. Upper GI hemorrhage refers to bleeding that occurs above the ligament of Treitz, which is a point in the small intestine where it becomes narrower and turns a corner. Common causes of upper GI hemorrhage include gastritis, ulcers, esophageal varices, and Mallory-Weiss tears.
Lower GI hemorrhage refers to bleeding that occurs below the ligament of Treitz. Common causes of lower GI hemorrhage include diverticulosis, colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and vascular abnormalities such as angiodysplasia.
The diagnosis of GI hemorrhage is often made based on the patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests such as endoscopy, CT scan, or radionuclide scanning. Treatment depends on the severity and cause of the bleeding and may include medications, endoscopic procedures, surgery, or a combination of these approaches.
An acute disease is a medical condition that has a rapid onset, develops quickly, and tends to be short in duration. Acute diseases can range from minor illnesses such as a common cold or flu, to more severe conditions such as pneumonia, meningitis, or a heart attack. These types of diseases often have clear symptoms that are easy to identify, and they may require immediate medical attention or treatment.
Acute diseases are typically caused by an external agent or factor, such as a bacterial or viral infection, a toxin, or an injury. They can also be the result of a sudden worsening of an existing chronic condition. In general, acute diseases are distinct from chronic diseases, which are long-term medical conditions that develop slowly over time and may require ongoing management and treatment.
Examples of acute diseases include:
* Acute bronchitis: a sudden inflammation of the airways in the lungs, often caused by a viral infection.
* Appendicitis: an inflammation of the appendix that can cause severe pain and requires surgical removal.
* Gastroenteritis: an inflammation of the stomach and intestines, often caused by a viral or bacterial infection.
* Migraine headaches: intense headaches that can last for hours or days, and are often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound.
* Myocardial infarction (heart attack): a sudden blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle, often caused by a buildup of plaque in the coronary arteries.
* Pneumonia: an infection of the lungs that can cause coughing, chest pain, and difficulty breathing.
* Sinusitis: an inflammation of the sinuses, often caused by a viral or bacterial infection.
It's important to note that while some acute diseases may resolve on their own with rest and supportive care, others may require medical intervention or treatment to prevent complications and promote recovery. If you are experiencing symptoms of an acute disease, it is always best to seek medical attention to ensure proper diagnosis and treatment.
An anastomotic leak is a medical condition that occurs after a surgical procedure where two hollow organs or vessels are connected (anastomosed). It refers to the failure of the connection, resulting in a communication between the inside of the connected structures and the outside, which can lead to the escape of fluids, such as digestive contents or blood, into the surrounding tissues.
Anastomotic leaks can occur in various parts of the body where anastomoses are performed, including the gastrointestinal tract, vasculature, and respiratory system. The leakage can cause localized or systemic infection, inflammation, sepsis, organ failure, or even death if not promptly diagnosed and treated.
The risk of anastomotic leaks depends on several factors, such as the patient's overall health, the type and location of the surgery, the quality of the surgical technique, and the presence of any underlying medical conditions that may affect wound healing. Treatment options for anastomotic leaks vary depending on the severity and location of the leak, ranging from conservative management with antibiotics and bowel rest to surgical intervention, such as drainage, revision of the anastomosis, or resection of the affected segment.
Therapeutic irrigation, also known as lavage, is a medical procedure that involves the introduction of fluids or other agents into a body cavity or natural passageway for therapeutic purposes. This technique is used to cleanse, flush out, or introduce medication into various parts of the body, such as the bladder, lungs, stomach, or colon.
The fluid used in therapeutic irrigation can be sterile saline solution, distilled water, or a medicated solution, depending on the specific purpose of the procedure. The flow and pressure of the fluid are carefully controlled to ensure that it reaches the desired area without causing damage to surrounding tissues.
Therapeutic irrigation is used to treat a variety of medical conditions, including infections, inflammation, obstructions, and toxic exposures. It can also be used as a diagnostic tool to help identify abnormalities or lesions within body cavities.
Overall, therapeutic irrigation is a valuable technique in modern medicine that allows healthcare providers to deliver targeted treatment directly to specific areas of the body, improving patient outcomes and quality of life.
An abdominal abscess is a localized collection of pus in the abdominal cavity, caused by an infection. It can occur as a result of complications from surgery, trauma, or inflammatory conditions such as appendicitis or diverticulitis. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, fever, and tenderness at the site of the abscess. Abdominal abscesses can be serious and require medical treatment, which may include antibiotics, drainage of the abscess, or surgery.
Recurrence, in a medical context, refers to the return of symptoms or signs of a disease after a period of improvement or remission. It indicates that the condition has not been fully eradicated and may require further treatment. Recurrence is often used to describe situations where a disease such as cancer comes back after initial treatment, but it can also apply to other medical conditions. The likelihood of recurrence varies depending on the type of disease and individual patient factors.
A laparotomy is a surgical procedure that involves making an incision in the abdominal wall to gain access to the abdominal cavity. This procedure is typically performed to diagnose and treat various conditions such as abdominal trauma, tumors, infections, or inflammatory diseases. The size of the incision can vary depending on the reason for the surgery and the extent of the condition being treated. Once the procedure is complete, the incision is closed with sutures or staples.
The term "laparotomy" comes from the Greek words "lapara," which means "flank" or "side," and "tome," which means "to cut." Together, they describe the surgical procedure that involves cutting into the abdomen to examine its contents.
Sigmoid neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors in the sigmoid colon, which is the lower portion of the large intestine that extends from the descending colon to the rectum. These neoplasms can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Benign neoplasms, such as adenomas, are typically removed through a polypectomy during a colonoscopy to prevent their potential transformation into malignant tumors. Malignant neoplasms, on the other hand, are often referred to as sigmoid colon cancers and can be classified into different types based on their cellular origin, such as adenocarcinomas, lymphomas, carcinoids, or sarcomas.
Adenocarcinomas are the most common type of sigmoid neoplasm, accounting for more than 95% of all cases. These tumors originate from the glandular cells lining the colon's inner surface and can invade surrounding tissues, leading to local spread or distant metastasis if left untreated. Early detection and removal of sigmoid neoplasms significantly improve treatment outcomes and overall prognosis.
A fistula is an abnormal connection or passage between two organs, vessels, or body parts that usually do not connect. It can form as a result of injury, infection, surgery, or disease. A fistula can occur anywhere in the body but commonly forms in the digestive system, genital area, or urinary system. The symptoms and treatment options for a fistula depend on its location and underlying cause.
Colonic polyps are abnormal growths that protrude from the inner wall of the colon (large intestine). They can vary in size, shape, and number. Most colonic polyps are benign, meaning they are not cancerous. However, some types of polyps, such as adenomas, have a higher risk of becoming cancerous over time if left untreated.
Colonic polyps often do not cause any symptoms, especially if they are small. Larger polyps may lead to symptoms like rectal bleeding, changes in bowel habits, abdominal pain, or iron deficiency anemia. The exact cause of colonic polyps is not known, but factors such as age, family history, and certain medical conditions (like inflammatory bowel disease) can increase the risk of developing them.
Regular screening exams, such as colonoscopies, are recommended for individuals over the age of 50 to detect and remove polyps before they become cancerous. If you have a family history of colonic polyps or colorectal cancer, your doctor may recommend earlier or more frequent screenings.
A foreign-body reaction is an immune response that occurs when a non-native substance, or "foreign body," is introduced into the human body. This can include things like splinters, surgical implants, or even injected medications. The immune system recognizes these substances as foreign and mounts a response to try to eliminate them.
The initial response to a foreign body is often an acute inflammatory reaction, characterized by the release of chemical mediators that cause vasodilation, increased blood flow, and the migration of white blood cells to the site. This can result in symptoms such as redness, swelling, warmth, and pain.
If the foreign body is not eliminated, a chronic inflammatory response may develop, which can lead to the formation of granulation tissue, fibrosis, and encapsulation of the foreign body. In some cases, this reaction can cause significant tissue damage or impede proper healing.
It's worth noting that not all foreign bodies necessarily elicit a strong immune response. The nature and size of the foreign body, as well as its location in the body, can all influence the severity of the reaction.
An abscess is a localized collection of pus caused by an infection. It is typically characterized by inflammation, redness, warmth, pain, and swelling in the affected area. Abscesses can form in various parts of the body, including the skin, teeth, lungs, brain, and abdominal organs. They are usually treated with antibiotics to eliminate the infection and may require drainage if they are large or located in a critical area. If left untreated, an abscess can lead to serious complications such as sepsis or organ failure.
An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.
The large intestine, also known as the colon, is the lower part of the gastrointestinal tract that extends from the cecum, where it joins the small intestine, to the anus. It is called "large" because it has a larger diameter compared to the small intestine and is responsible for several important functions in the digestive process.
The large intestine measures about 1.5 meters (5 feet) long in adults and consists of four main regions: the ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon. The primary function of the large intestine is to absorb water and electrolytes from undigested food materials, compact the remaining waste into feces, and store it until it is eliminated through defecation.
The large intestine also contains a diverse population of bacteria that aid in digestion by breaking down complex carbohydrates, producing vitamins like vitamin K and some B vitamins, and competing with harmful microorganisms to maintain a healthy balance within the gut. Additionally, the large intestine plays a role in immune function and helps protect the body from pathogens through the production of mucus, antimicrobial substances, and the activation of immune cells.
Diverticulitis
Diverticulosis
Epiploic appendagitis
Appendicitis
Diverticular disease
Volvulus
Gastrointestinal disease
Diverticulum
Segmental colitis associated with diverticulosis
Lower gastrointestinal bleeding
Poppy seed test
Hinchey Classification
Large intestine
Bowel obstruction
List of MeSH codes (C06)
Enema
Quadrants and regions of abdomen
Pyogenic liver abscess
Blood in stool
Alosetron
Bowel resection
Human digestive system
Constipation
Gastrointestinal tract
Colectomy
Anaerobic infection
Human feces
THE YIELD OF FOLLOW-UP COLONIC INVESTIGATIONS FOLLOWING AN EPISODE OF ACUTE DIVERTICULITIS: A TERTIARY SINGLE CENTRE EXPERIENCE...
Colonic Diverticulitis - Gastrointestinal Disorders - MSD Manual Professional Edition
Upstate Patient Care | SUNY Upstate Medical University
Diverticulitis - Wikipedia
Management of Colonic Diverticulitis Tailored to Location and Severity: Comparison of the Right and the Left Colon
Randomized clinical trial of observational versus antibiotic treatment for a first episode of CT-proven uncomplicated acute...
Update your Knowledge with MKSAP 19 Q&A | ACP Online
Fournier Gangrene: Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy
Colon Resection: Background, Indications, Contraindications
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Image IQ Quiz: 43-Year-Old Man with Left Lower Quadrant Pain
Comparative Effectiveness of Management Strategies for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
What to Eat After a Colonic | livestrong
Thieme E-Journals - Endoskopie heute / Abstract
Diverticulitis: It's (Sometimes) Complicated
Konsyl Fiber - Side Effects, Uses, Dosage, Overdose, Pregnancy, Alcohol | RxWiki
What's Causing Your Abdominal Pain?
Fournier Gangrene: Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy
World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery - Baishideng Publishing Group
Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome is associated with diverticular disease: a population-based study
2013 ICD-9-CM Diagnosis Codes 562.* : Diverticula of intestine
Richard Blair Jackson, M.D., FACS, FASCRS | Texas Oncology
Dexamethasone 4 mg tablets - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) - (emc)
Perforated sigmoid diverticulitis in a lumbar hernia after iliac crest bone graft - a case report - Zurich Open Repository...
KoreaMed
Intra-abdominal abscess - References | BMJ Best Practice US
00008909 | PEIR Digital Library
WebmedCentral.com :: Obstetrics And Gynaecology
Acute Colonic Diverticulitis4
- Based on a case study this review describes typical sonographic findings and appropriate examination technique in acute colonic diverticulitis. (thieme-connect.com)
- Major increase in admission- and incidence rates of acute colonic diverticulitis. (thieme-connect.com)
- With a review of the relevant literature, we report a case of acute colonic diverticulitis as a complication of colonoscopy. (koreamed.org)
- BACKGROUND/AIMS: There is limited data to compare the clinical characteristics and recurrence rates between left-sided primary epiploic appendagitis (PEA) versus left-sided acute colonic diverticulitis (ACD), and right-sided PEA versus right-sided. (koreamed.org)
Colon18
- Colonic Diverticulosis Colonic diverticulosis is the presence of one or more diverticula in the colon. (msdmanuals.com)
- In complicated diverticulitis, an inflamed diverticulum can rupture, allowing bacteria to subsequently infect externally from the colon. (wikipedia.org)
- Diverticulitis is postulated to develop because of changes inside the colon, including high pressures because of abnormally vigorous contractions. (wikipedia.org)
- Surgical management of diverticulitis has been questioned, with conservative management increasingly being used in patients with diverticulitis in both the right and the left colon. (coloproctol.org)
- Few studies to date have compared the managements of patients with diverticulitis in the right and the left colon. (coloproctol.org)
- This study evaluated the management of diverticulitis as a function of disease location (right or left colon) and disease severity (complicated or uncomplicated). (coloproctol.org)
- Proponents claim colonic irrigation, or colon hydrotherapy, detoxes the body through removal of waste. (livestrong.com)
- Colonic irrigation involves flushing the colon by inserting plastic tubes through the rectum into the colon. (livestrong.com)
- Is a Colon Cleanse Good for Diverticulitis? (livestrong.com)
- Because your colon is empty right after the session, you may not have a bowel movement for a few days after your colonic. (livestrong.com)
- The pain is typically localized over the affected segment of colon, but it can become more diffuse as the diverticulitis worsens. (medscape.com)
- We performed colonoscopy for screening and found multiple colonic diverticula in the right side of the colon. (koreamed.org)
- Procesos patológicos en la región del COLON SIGMOIDE del INTESTINO GRUESO. (bvsalud.org)
- However, given the breadth of pathologic processes that affect the colon, including inflammatory bowel disease, diverticulitis, neoplastic conditions, herniation, and gastrointestinal bleeding, we undertook a survey of recent cases at our institution to demonstrate colon pathology as visualized with CR. (johnshopkins.edu)
- Diverticulitis may develop in the large intestine (colon), and is characterized by severe abdominal pain and fever. (bioimmersion.com)
- Besides diet, the bacterial balance in the colon plays an essential role in the development of diverticulitis and diverticular disease. (bioimmersion.com)
- How to Become an 'Ink Master': Endoscopic Colonic Tattooing Tips Dr David Johnson celebrates the arrival of much-needed recommendations on the indications and techniques for endoscopic tattooing in the colon. (medscape.com)
- There are many possible causes of GI bleeding, including hemorrhoids , peptic ulcers , tears or inflammation in the esophagus, diverticulosis and diverticulitis , ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease , colonic polyps , or cancer in the colon , stomach or esophagus . (medlineplus.gov)
Diverticular13
- Uncomplicated diverticulitis is characterized by evidence of colonic wall thickening or pericolic inflammatory changes whereas complicated diverticular disease is characterized by the presence of abscesses, fistulas, obstructions, and/or localized or free perforations. (coloproctol.org)
- The new German S2k guidelines on diverticular disease and diverticulitis rightly characterize abdominal ultrasonography as first-line imaging modality for the initial diagnostic workup and follow-up of acute diverticulitis. (thieme-connect.com)
- Use of aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs increases risk for diverticulitis and diverticular bleeding. (thieme-connect.com)
- Aspirin and non-aspirin NSAIDs increase risk of colonic diverticular bleeding: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (thieme-connect.com)
- Trends in Hospitalization for Diverticulitis and Diverticular Bleeding in the United States From 2000 to 2010. (thieme-connect.com)
- A subset of patients with colonic diverticular disease have chronic gastrointestinal symptoms, and some have a clinical diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but whether IBS and diverticular disease are linked is uncertain. (nih.gov)
- Colonic diverticular disease (diverticulosis and diverticulitis) was ascertained through a review of the complete medical history of all responders. (nih.gov)
- Colonic diverticular disease was identified in 44.4% (95% confidence interval (CI) 42.1-46.8) of the subject. (nih.gov)
- These results suggest that IBS and colonic diverticular disease may be connected. (nih.gov)
- Colonic diverticular disease has been increasing in prevalence in Japan due to the rapidly aging population. (bvsalud.org)
- Colonic diverticular bleeding can result in hemorrhagic shock requiring blood transfusion, and it carries a high risk of recurrence within 1 year. (bvsalud.org)
- The contributing factors to developing diverticular disease include diet, colonic wall structure, intestinal motility and possible genetic predisposition. (bioimmersion.com)
- We report two cases of retropneumoperitoneum with pneumomediastinum, as a result of diverticular perforations in the retroperitoneal space, in patients with acute diverticulitis and septicemia. (bvsalud.org)
Diverticula7
- Diverticula are usually asymptomatic but sometimes become inflamed (diverticulitis). (msdmanuals.com)
- Diverticulitis is swelling and infection of diverticula. (epnet.com)
- Diverticulitis, also called colonic diverticulitis, is a gastrointestinal disease characterized by inflammation of abnormal pouches-diverticula-that can develop in the wall of the large intestine. (wikipedia.org)
- Right-sided diverticula are micro-hernias of the colonic mucosa and submucosa through the colonic muscular layer where blood vessels penetrate it. (wikipedia.org)
- Inflammation of these diverticula is referred to as diverticulitis. (medscape.com)
- It is thought that the greater the number of diverticula present, the higher the incidence of diverticulitis. (medscape.com)
- Diverticulitis typically causes pain in your left lower abdomen where most colonic diverticula are located. (rxlist.com)
Management of colonic diverticulitis1
- This study assessed optimal management of colonic diverticulitis as functions of disease location and severity and factors associated with complicated diverticulitis. (coloproctol.org)
Resection3
- Main secondary endpoints were readmission rate, complicated, ongoing and recurrent diverticulitis, sigmoid resection and mortality. (nih.gov)
- Secondary colonic resection and concurrent hernia repair with a biologic implant have proven useful in treating this rare condition. (uzh.ch)
- Limited Surgical Resection - or En-Bloc: Karl H. Fuchs, M.D. (sages.org)
Sigmoid diverticulitis1
- CASE PRESENTATION e report a case of a 66 year old Caucasian woman presenting with perforated sigmoid diverticulitis localized in a lumbar hernia following iliac crest bone graft performed 18 years ago. (uzh.ch)
Diverticulum1
- A colonic diverticulum is a little pouch or pocket (large intestine). (kpsinhahospital.com)
Constipation2
- A study published in the October 2008 issue of the ​ British Journal of Surgery ​ found colonics beneficial for people with constipation and bowel incontinence. (livestrong.com)
- Fibers that are incompletely or slowly fermented by the microflora in the large intestine are best for treating constipation and preventing the development of diverticulosis and diverticulitis. (bioimmersion.com)
Inflammation1
- Abdominal pain is caused by inflammation (for example, appendicitis, diverticulitis, colitis), by stretching or distention of an organ (for example, obstruction of the intestine, blockage of a bile duct by gallstones, swelling of the liver with hepatitis), or by loss of the supply of blood to an organ (for example, ischemic colitis). (rxlist.com)
Abscess1
- Colonic diverticulitis can cause abscess, fistula. (bvsalud.org)
Primary epiploic appendagitis1
- Differential diagnosis of left-sided abdominal pain: primary epiploic appendagitis vs colonic diverticulitis. (thieme-connect.com)
Developing diverticulitis include1
- Conditions that increase the risk of developing diverticulitis include arterial hypertension and immunosuppression. (wikipedia.org)
Crohn's1
- A. Occurs after operations for ileal Crohn's but not colonic Crohn's. (latestinterviewquestions.com)
20191
- Rowe, SP , Chu, LC & Fishman, EK 2019, ' Computed tomography cinematic rendering in the evaluation of colonic pathology: Technique and clinical applications ', Journal of computer assisted tomography , vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 475-484. (johnshopkins.edu)
Risk of diverticulitis3
- Association between obesity and weight change and risk of diverticulitis in women. (epnet.com)
- Low levels of vitamin D are associated with an increased risk of diverticulitis. (wikipedia.org)
- Certain medications are associated with an increased risk of diverticulitis, including steroids, opiates, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). (medscape.com)
Development of diverticulitis1
- Which of the following is not a risk factor for the development of diverticulitis? (medscape.com)
Left-sided acute1
- Multicentre observational study of the natural history of left-sided acute diverticulitis. (thieme-connect.com)
Antibiotics5
- For mild diverticulitis, antibiotics by mouth and a liquid diet are recommended. (wikipedia.org)
- Antibiotics are advised in most guidelines on acute diverticulitis, despite a lack of evidence to support their routine use. (nih.gov)
- This trial compared the effectiveness of a strategy with or without antibiotics for a first episode of uncomplicated acute diverticulitis. (nih.gov)
- Observational treatment without antibiotics did not prolong recovery and can be considered appropriate in patients with uncomplicated diverticulitis. (nih.gov)
- The current standard of care in the US for acute diverticulitis is antibiotics and a low fiber/residue diet with a high fiber diet recommended later for prevention. (bioimmersion.com)
Post-colonic2
- Other healthy foods you may add to your post-colonic diet include leafy greens, fresh fruit, fruit juices, vegetables juices, fish, free-range chicken, vegetable soup and bean soup. (livestrong.com)
- In my 23 plus years of ordering colonic irrigations, I do not recall any disabling case of post colonic cramping. (utopiawellness.com)
Develop diverticulitis2
- In the Western world about 35% of people have diverticulosis while it affects less than 1% of those in rural Africa, and 4 to 15% of those may go on to develop diverticulitis. (wikipedia.org)
- Some 15-20% of patients with diverticulosis may develop diverticulitis during their lifetime. (medscape.com)
Recurrent diverticulitis1
- They concluded that studies demonstrate a lesser role for aggressive antibiotic or surgical intervention for chronic or recurrent diverticulitis than was previously thought necessary. (bioimmersion.com)
Diverticulosis-diverticulitis1
- Available at: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/diverticulosis-diverticulitis. (epnet.com)
Perforation1
- E. Colostomy can be life saving in patients with colonic perforation or obstruction. (latestinterviewquestions.com)
Infection2
- Bacterial Infection - "A bacterial infection can occur following a colonics treatment if the equipment used is not properly sanitized. (utopiawellness.com)
- Contaminated colonics equipment may cause a bacterial infection anywhere along the digestive system. (utopiawellness.com)
Surgery2
- Moreover, surgery may not always be appropriate in patients with a complicated form of diverticulitis. (coloproctol.org)
- Tursi's (2012) study showed that 25% of patients who had elective surgery for diverticulitis experienced persistent abdominal symptoms. (bioimmersion.com)
Incidence1
- The incidence of colonic diverticulitis is increasing, both in Asian and Western countries. (coloproctol.org)
Abdominal pain1
- Diverticulitis typically presents with lower quadrant abdominal pain of a sudden onset. (wikipedia.org)
Computed tomography2
- This retrospective review analyzed 202 patients diagnosed between 2007 and 2014 at Chonbuk National University Hospital, South Korea, with colonic diverticulitis by using abdominopelvic computed tomography. (coloproctol.org)
- This increase may be due to improvements in diagnostic tools, such as abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT), which can provide detailed diagnosis of diverticulitis between different variants of disease progression [ 1 , 2 ]. (coloproctol.org)
Patients9
- of these, 167 patients (82.7%) were diagnosed with right-sided and 35 (17.3%) with left-sided colonic diverticulitis. (coloproctol.org)
- Among patients with right-sided diverticulitis, those with complicated disease were significantly older (54.3 ± 12.7 years vs. 42.5 ± 13.4 years, P = 0.004) and more likely to be smokers (66.7% vs. 32.9%, P = 0.027) than those with uncomplicated disease. (coloproctol.org)
- Conservative management may be effective in patients with right-sided diverticulitis and patients with uncomplicated left-sided colonic diverticulitis. (coloproctol.org)
- Surgical management may be required for patients with complicated left-sided diverticulitis. (coloproctol.org)
- Patients diagnosed with colonic diverticulitis by using abdominopelvic CT at Chonbuk National University Hospital, South Korea, from 2007 to 2014 were retrospectively evaluated. (coloproctol.org)
- Patients with CT-proven, primary, left-sided, uncomplicated, acute diverticulitis were included at 22 clinical sites in the Netherlands, and assigned randomly to an observational or antibiotic treatment strategy. (nih.gov)
- Long-term risk of acute diverticulitis among patients with incidental diverticulosis found during colonoscopy. (thieme-connect.com)
- Effects of diabetes mellitus in patients presenting with diverticulitis: clinical correlations and disease characteristics in more than 1000 patients. (thieme-connect.com)
- This is why we instruct our patients to take probiotics after colonic irrigation and for the next two weeks following in order to recolonize the gut with beneficial bacteria. (utopiawellness.com)
Diseases1
- Colonoscopy is a good diagnostic tool and facilitates treatment of various colonic diseases. (koreamed.org)
Clinical presentation2
- 17 Laurell H, Hansson LE, Gunnarsson U. Acute diverticulitis - clinical presentation and differential diagnostics. (thieme-connect.com)
- The clinical presentation of uncomplicated diverticulitis is variable, and the most common symptoms are fairly nonspecific. (medscape.com)
Secondary1
- I have yet to see any such claim as arrhythmia, pulmonary edema secondary to a colonic, or coma after or during a colonic. (utopiawellness.com)
Bacteria2
- The purpose of colonic irrigation is to flush out all bacteria, beneficial and others. (utopiawellness.com)
- B. Fermentation by colonic bacteria may rescue malabsorbed carbohydrates. (latestinterviewquestions.com)
Irrigation4
- In some circumstances, colonic irrigation may cause side effects. (livestrong.com)
- If you have kidney problems, colonic irrigation increases your risk of electrolyte balance. (livestrong.com)
- Let's look at the numerous myths associated with colonic irrigation. (utopiawellness.com)
- Colonic irrigation is a magnificent way of removing trapped air. (utopiawellness.com)
Diverticulares1
- Se reporta dos casos de retroneumoperitoneo con neumo-mediastino, consecuencias de perforaciones diverticulares en el espacio retroperitoneal, en pacientes portadores de diverticulitis aguda y septicemia. (bvsalud.org)
Chronic1
- Diverticulitis that is managed nonoperatively can recur as either an acute or chronic process. (msdmanuals.com)
Occur1
- About half of second episodes of diverticulitis occur within 12 months. (msdmanuals.com)
Symptoms1
- Clinical suspicion of diverticulitis should be increased if a patient presents with the aforementioned symptoms and has had a colonoscopy that revealed diverticulosis. (medscape.com)