Animal Use Alternatives
Alternatives to the use of animals in research, testing, and education. The alternatives may include reduction in the number of animals used, replacement of animals with a non-animal model or with animals of a species lower phylogenetically, or refinement of methods to minimize pain and distress of animals used.
Disease Models, Animal
Models, Animal
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Inbred C57BL mice are a strain of laboratory mice that have been produced by many generations of brother-sister matings, resulting in a high degree of genetic uniformity and homozygosity, making them widely used for biomedical research, including studies on genetics, immunology, cancer, and neuroscience.
Huntington Disease
A familial disorder inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by the onset of progressive CHOREA and DEMENTIA in the fourth or fifth decade of life. Common initial manifestations include paranoia; poor impulse control; DEPRESSION; HALLUCINATIONS; and DELUSIONS. Eventually intellectual impairment; loss of fine motor control; ATHETOSIS; and diffuse chorea involving axial and limb musculature develops, leading to a vegetative state within 10-15 years of disease onset. The juvenile variant has a more fulminant course including SEIZURES; ATAXIA; dementia; and chorea. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1060-4)
Neurodegenerative Diseases
New perspectives on biliary atresia. (1/64177)
An investigation into the aetiology, diagnosis, and treatment of biliary atresia was carried out because the prognosis remains so poor.In an electron microscopical study no viral particles or viral inclusion bodies were seen, nor were any specific ultrastructural features observed. An animal experiment suggested that obstruction within the biliary tract of newborn rabbits could be produced by maternal intravenous injection of the bile acid lithocholic acid.A simple and atraumatic method of diagnosis was developed using(99) (m)Tc-labelled compounds which are excreted into bile. Two compounds, (99m)Tc-pyridoxylidene glutamate ((99m)Tc-PG) and (99m)Tc-dihydrothioctic acid ((99m)Tc-DHT) were first assessed in normal piglets and piglets with complete biliary obstruction. Intestinal imaging correlated with biliary tract patency, and the same correlation was found in jaundiced human adults, in whom the (99m)Tc-PG scan correctly determined biliary patency in 21 out of 24 cases. The (99m)Tc-PG scan compared well with liver biopsy and (131)I-Rose Bengal in the diagnosis of 11 infants with prolonged jaundice.A model of extrahepatic biliary atresia was developed in the newborn piglet so that different methods of bile drainage could be assessed. Priorities in biliary atresia lie in a better understanding of the aetiology and early diagnosis rather than in devising new bile drainage procedures. (+info)The evolution of early fibromuscular lesions hemodynamically induced in the dog renal artery. I. Light and transmission electron microscopy. (2/64177)
In view of the important roles of arterial intimal fibromuscular lesions as precursors of atherosclerotic plaque and occlusive lesions in arterial reconstructions, a model has been developed for the rapid hemodynamic induction of these lesions by anastomosis of the dog right renal artery to the inferior vena cava. Light and transmission electron microscopic observations were made on the arterial shunt after periods of rapid flow ranging form 10 minutes to 2 hours to identify initial factor(s) and evolutionary mechanisms in the etiology of the lesions. The sequence of events included aberrations in ruthenium red staining of the endothelial luminal membrane at 10 minutes, multilayered thickening of the subendothelial basement membrane (BM) at 15 minutes, and initial reorientation and migration of smooth muscle cells (SMC) into the intima along with the appearance of areas of degeneration of the internal elastic lamina (IEL) at 30 minutes. The endothelial cells were still intact in some areas overlying the SMC migration and IEL degeneration, but they were separating from the surface in other such areas. As subendothelium became exposed, some platelet adherence was noted. By 2 hours, the entire wall reaction was fully developed. Initial observations indicate that in the evolution of this hemodynamically induced lesion visible alteration in the endothelial cells is not prerequisite to degeneration of the underlying IEL and reorientation and migration of medial SMC. (+info)Site of myocardial infarction. A determinant of the cardiovascular changes induced in the cat by coronary occlusion. (3/64177)
The influence of site of acute myocardial infarction on heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac output, total peripheral resistance (TPR), cardiac rhythm, and mortality was determined in 58 anesthetized cats by occlusion of either the left anterior descending (LAD), left circumflex or right coronary artery. LAD occlusion resulted in immediate decrease in cardiac output, heart rate, and blood pressure, an increase in TPR, and cardiac rhythm changes including premature ventricular beats, ventricular tachycardia, and occasionally ventricular fibrillation. The decrease in cardiac output and increase in TPR persisted in the cats surviving a ventricular arrhythmia. In contrast, right coronary occlusion resulted in a considerably smaller decrease in cardiac output. TPR did not increase, atrioventricular condition disturbances were common, and sinus bradycardia and hypotension persisted in the cats recovering from an arrhythmia. Left circumflex ligation resulted in cardiovascular changes intermediate between those produced by occlusion of the LAD or the right coronary artery. Mortality was similar in each of the three groups. We studied the coronary artery anatomy in 12 cats. In 10, the blood supply to the sinus node was from the right coronary artery and in 2, from the left circumflex coronary artery. The atrioventricular node artery arose from the right in 9 cats, and from the left circumflex in 3. The right coronary artery was dominant in 9 cats and the left in 3. In conclusion, the site of experimental coronary occlusion in cats is a major determinant of the hemodynamic and cardiac rhythm changes occurring after acute myocardial infarction. The cardiovascular responses evoked by ligation are related in part to the anatomical distribution of the occluded artery. (+info)Hierarchy of ventricular pacemakers. (4/64177)
To characterize the pattern of pacemaker dominance in the ventricular specialized conduction system (VSCS), escape ventricular pacemakers were localized and quantified in vivo and in virto, in normal hearts and in hearts 24 hours after myocardial infarction. Excape pacemaker foci were localized in vivo during vagally induced atrial arrest by means of electrograms recorded from the His bundle and proximal bundle branches and standard electrocardiographic limb leads. The VSCS was isolated using a modified Elizari preparation or preparations of each bundle branch. Peacemakers were located by extra- and intracellular recordings. Escape pacemaker foci in vivo were always in the proximal conduction system, usually the left bundle branch. The rate was 43+/-11 (mean+/-SD) beats/min. After beta-adrenergic blockade, the mean rate fell to 31+/-10 beats/min, but there were no shifts in pacemaker location. In the infarcted hearts, pacemakers were located in the peripheral left bundle branch. The mean rate was 146+/-20 beats/min. In isolated normal preparations, the dominant pacemakers usually were in the His bundle, firing at a mean rate of 43+/-10 beats/min. The rates of pacemakers diminished with distal progression. In infarcted hearts, the pacemakers invariably were in the infarct zone. The mean firing rates were not influenced by beta-adrenergic blockade. The results indicate that the dominant pacemakers are normally in the very proximal VSCS, but after myocardial infarction pacemaker dominance is shifted into the infarct. Distribution of pacemaker dominance is independent of sympathetic influence. (+info)A genetic model of substrate deprivation therapy for a glycosphingolipid storage disorder. (5/64177)
Inherited defects in the degradation of glycosphingolipids (GSLs) cause a group of severe diseases known as GSL storage disorders. There are currently no effective treatments for the majority of these disorders. We have explored a new treatment paradigm, substrate deprivation therapy, by constructing a genetic model in mice. Sandhoff's disease mice, which abnormally accumulate GSLs, were bred with mice that were blocked in their synthesis of GSLs. The mice with simultaneous defects in GSL synthesis and degradation no longer accumulated GSLs, had improved neurologic function, and had a much longer life span. However, these mice eventually developed a late-onset neurologic disease because of accumulation of another class of substrate, oligosaccharides. The results support the validity of the substrate deprivation therapy and also highlight some limitations. (+info)DMPK dosage alterations result in atrioventricular conduction abnormalities in a mouse myotonic dystrophy model. (6/64177)
Myotonic dystrophy (DM) is the most common form of muscular dystrophy and is caused by expansion of a CTG trinucleotide repeat on human chromosome 19. Patients with DM develop atrioventricular conduction disturbances, the principal cardiac manifestation of this disease. The etiology of the pathophysiological changes observed in DM has yet to be resolved. Haploinsufficiency of myotonic dystrophy protein kinase (DMPK), DM locus-associated homeodomain protein (DMAHP) and/or titration of RNA-binding proteins by expanded CUG sequences have been hypothesized to underlie the multi-system defects observed in DM. Using an in vivo murine electrophysiology study, we show that cardiac conduction is exquisitely sensitive to DMPK gene dosage. DMPK-/- mice develop cardiac conduction defects which include first-, second-, and third-degree atrioventricular (A-V) block. Our results demonstrate that the A-V node and the His-Purkinje regions of the conduction system are specifically compromised by DMPK loss. Importantly, DMPK+/- mice develop first-degree heart block, a conduction defect strikingly similar to that observed in DM patients. These results demonstrate that DMPK dosage is a critical element modulating cardiac conduction integrity and conclusively link haploinsufficiency of DMPK with cardiac disease in myotonic dystrophy. (+info)Alternative sulfonylurea receptor expression defines metabolic sensitivity of K-ATP channels in dopaminergic midbrain neurons. (7/64177)
ATP-sensitive potassium (K-ATP) channels couple the metabolic state to cellular excitability in various tissues. Several isoforms of the K-ATP channel subunits, the sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) and inwardly rectifying K channel (Kir6.X), have been cloned, but the molecular composition and functional diversity of native neuronal K-ATP channels remain unresolved. We combined functional analysis of K-ATP channels with expression profiling of K-ATP subunits at the level of single substantia nigra (SN) neurons in mouse brain slices using an RT-multiplex PCR protocol. In contrast to GABAergic neurons, single dopaminergic SN neurons displayed alternative co-expression of either SUR1, SUR2B or both SUR isoforms with Kir6.2. Dopaminergic SN neurons expressed alternative K-ATP channel species distinguished by significant differences in sulfonylurea affinity and metabolic sensitivity. In single dopaminergic SN neurons, co-expression of SUR1 + Kir6.2, but not of SUR2B + Kir6.2, correlated with functional K-ATP channels highly sensitive to metabolic inhibition. In contrast to wild-type, surviving dopaminergic SN neurons of homozygous weaver mouse exclusively expressed SUR1 + Kir6.2 during the active period of dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Therefore, alternative expression of K-ATP channel subunits defines the differential response to metabolic stress and constitutes a novel candidate mechanism for the differential vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons in response to respiratory chain dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. (+info)DEF-1, a novel Src SH3 binding protein that promotes adipogenesis in fibroblastic cell lines. (8/64177)
The Src homology 3 (SH3) motif is found in numerous signal transduction proteins involved in cellular growth and differentiation. We have purified and cloned a novel protein, DEF-1 (differentiation-enhancing factor), from bovine brain by using a Src SH3 affinity column. Ectopic expression of DEF-1 in fibroblasts resulted in the differentiation of a significant fraction of the culture into adipocytes. This phenotype appears to be related to the induction of the transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), since DEF-1 NIH 3T3 cells demonstrated augmented levels of PPARgamma mRNA and, when treated with activating PPARgamma ligands, efficient induction of differentiation. Further evidence for a role for DEF-1 in adipogenesis was provided by heightened expression of DEF-1 mRNA in adipose tissue isolated from obese and diabetes mice compared to that in tissue isolated from wild-type mice. However, DEF-1 mRNA was detected in multiple tissues, suggesting that the signal transduction pathway(s) in which DEF-1 is involved is not limited to adipogenesis. These results suggest that DEF-1 is an important component of a signal transduction process that is involved in the differentiation of fibroblasts and possibly of other types of cells. (+info)'Animal Use Alternatives' in a medical context refers to the development, validation, and implementation of methods that can replace, reduce, or refine the use of animals in biomedical research, testing, and education to minimize animal suffering and better align with ethical principles.
"Animal Use Alternatives" refers to the methods and techniques used in scientific research, testing, and education that avoid or reduce the use of animals. The three main categories of alternatives are:
1. Replacement: This involves using non-animal methods to entirely replace the use of animals in a particular procedure or experiment. Examples include the use of computer modeling, cell cultures, and tissue samples instead of live animals.
2. Reduction: This refers to methods that reduce the number of animals used in a given procedure or experiment while still achieving the same scientific objective. Examples include using statistical methods to design experiments that require fewer animals, or sharing data and resources between research groups.
3. Refinement: This involves modifying procedures to minimize suffering and improve animal welfare for those animals that are still used. Examples include using anesthesia and pain relief during surgical procedures, providing appropriate housing and enrichment, and implementing humane endpoints in experiments.
The development and implementation of animal use alternatives is a key goal in the ethical and responsible conduct of scientific research, testing, and education.
'Animal disease models' refer to the use of non-human animals as experimental subjects, where specific diseases or pathological conditions are induced or replicated, to study the disease process, test potential therapies or treatments, and understand underlying mechanisms, with the aim of advancing medical and biological knowledge.
Animal disease models are specialized animals, typically rodents such as mice or rats, that have been genetically engineered or exposed to certain conditions to develop symptoms and physiological changes similar to those seen in human diseases. These models are used in medical research to study the pathophysiology of diseases, identify potential therapeutic targets, test drug efficacy and safety, and understand disease mechanisms.
The genetic modifications can include knockout or knock-in mutations, transgenic expression of specific genes, or RNA interference techniques. The animals may also be exposed to environmental factors such as chemicals, radiation, or infectious agents to induce the disease state.
Examples of animal disease models include:
1. Mouse models of cancer: Genetically engineered mice that develop various types of tumors, allowing researchers to study cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis.
2. Alzheimer's disease models: Transgenic mice expressing mutant human genes associated with Alzheimer's disease, which exhibit amyloid plaque formation and cognitive decline.
3. Diabetes models: Obese and diabetic mouse strains like the NOD (non-obese diabetic) or db/db mice, used to study the development of type 1 and type 2 diabetes, respectively.
4. Cardiovascular disease models: Atherosclerosis-prone mice, such as ApoE-deficient or LDLR-deficient mice, that develop plaque buildup in their arteries when fed a high-fat diet.
5. Inflammatory bowel disease models: Mice with genetic mutations affecting intestinal barrier function and immune response, such as IL-10 knockout or SAMP1/YitFc mice, which develop colitis.
Animal disease models are essential tools in preclinical research, but it is important to recognize their limitations. Differences between species can affect the translatability of results from animal studies to human patients. Therefore, researchers must carefully consider the choice of model and interpret findings cautiously when applying them to human diseases.
Animal models in medicine refer to non-human species, such as mice, rats, or primates, that are used in research to better understand disease processes and test potential therapies, due to their biological similarities with humans.
An animal model in medicine refers to the use of non-human animals in experiments to understand, predict, and test responses and effects of various biological and chemical interactions that may also occur in humans. These models are used when studying complex systems or processes that cannot be easily replicated or studied in human subjects, such as genetic manipulation or exposure to harmful substances. The choice of animal model depends on the specific research question being asked and the similarities between the animal's and human's biological and physiological responses. Examples of commonly used animal models include mice, rats, rabbits, guinea pigs, and non-human primates.
Inbred C57BL mice are a strain of laboratory mice that have been produced by many generations of brother-sister matings, resulting in a high degree of genetic uniformity and homozygosity, making them widely used for biomedical research, including studies on genetics, immunology, cancer, and neuroscience.
C57BL/6 (C57 Black 6) is an inbred strain of laboratory mouse that is widely used in biomedical research. The term "inbred" refers to a strain of animals where matings have been carried out between siblings or other closely related individuals for many generations, resulting in a population that is highly homozygous at most genetic loci.
The C57BL/6 strain was established in 1920 by crossing a female mouse from the dilute brown (DBA) strain with a male mouse from the black strain. The resulting offspring were then interbred for many generations to create the inbred C57BL/6 strain.
C57BL/6 mice are known for their robust health, longevity, and ease of handling, making them a popular choice for researchers. They have been used in a wide range of biomedical research areas, including studies of cancer, immunology, neuroscience, cardiovascular disease, and metabolism.
One of the most notable features of the C57BL/6 strain is its sensitivity to certain genetic modifications, such as the introduction of mutations that lead to obesity or impaired glucose tolerance. This has made it a valuable tool for studying the genetic basis of complex diseases and traits.
Overall, the C57BL/6 inbred mouse strain is an important model organism in biomedical research, providing a valuable resource for understanding the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying human health and disease.
Huntington Disease is an inherited, progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by uncontrolled movements, emotional disturbances, and cognitive decline, caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the HTT gene.
Huntington Disease (HD) is a genetic neurodegenerative disorder that affects both cognitive and motor functions. It is characterized by the progressive loss of neurons in various areas of the brain, particularly in the striatum and cortex. The disease is caused by an autosomal dominant mutation in the HTT gene, which codes for the huntingtin protein. The most common mutation is a CAG repeat expansion in this gene, leading to the production of an abnormal form of the huntingtin protein that is toxic to nerve cells.
The symptoms of HD typically appear between the ages of 30 and 50, but they can start earlier or later in life. The early signs of HD may include subtle changes in mood, cognition, and coordination. As the disease progresses, individuals with HD experience uncontrolled movements (chorea), emotional disturbances, cognitive decline, and difficulties with communication and swallowing. Eventually, they become dependent on others for their daily needs and lose their ability to walk, talk, and care for themselves.
There is currently no cure for HD, but medications and therapies can help manage the symptoms of the disease and improve quality of life. Genetic testing is available to confirm the diagnosis and provide information about the risk of passing the disease on to future generations.
Neurodegenerative diseases are a category of heterogeneous disorders characterized by progressive degeneration and/or death of neurons, often leading to cognitive decline, motor dysfunction, and ultimately, permanent disability or even death.
Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of disorders characterized by progressive and persistent loss of neuronal structure and function, often leading to cognitive decline, functional impairment, and ultimately death. These conditions are associated with the accumulation of abnormal protein aggregates, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and genetic mutations in the brain. Examples of neurodegenerative diseases include Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), and Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA). The underlying causes and mechanisms of these diseases are not fully understood, and there is currently no cure for most neurodegenerative disorders. Treatment typically focuses on managing symptoms and slowing disease progression.
Transgenic mice are genetically modified rodents that have incorporated foreign DNA into their germ line, which can be used to study the function of specific genes, investigate disease processes, and test potential therapeutic interventions.
Transgenic mice are genetically modified rodents that have incorporated foreign DNA (exogenous DNA) into their own genome. This is typically done through the use of recombinant DNA technology, where a specific gene or genetic sequence of interest is isolated and then introduced into the mouse embryo. The resulting transgenic mice can then express the protein encoded by the foreign gene, allowing researchers to study its function in a living organism.
The process of creating transgenic mice usually involves microinjecting the exogenous DNA into the pronucleus of a fertilized egg, which is then implanted into a surrogate mother. The offspring that result from this procedure are screened for the presence of the foreign DNA, and those that carry the desired genetic modification are used to establish a transgenic mouse line.
Transgenic mice have been widely used in biomedical research to model human diseases, study gene function, and test new therapies. They provide a valuable tool for understanding complex biological processes and developing new treatments for a variety of medical conditions.
Animal models of Parkinson's disease
Parkinson's disease animal models are divided into two categories: neurotoxin models and genetic models. Neurotoxin models ... "Animal Model of Parkinson Disease: Neuroinflammation and Apoptosis in the 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Model", Experimental Animal ... Animal models of Parkinson's disease are essential in the research field and widely used to study Parkinson's disease. ... "Animal Models of Parkinson's Disease", Parkinson's Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Aspects, Brisbane (AU): Codon ...
Animal disease model
Animal models of autism Animal models of schizophrenia Animal testing on invertebrates Animal testing on rodents Animal testing ... An animal model (short for animal disease model) is a living, non-human, often genetic-engineered animal used during the ... organs and even animal species which express human diseases, providing a more robust model of human diseases in an animal model ... These test conditions are often termed as animal models of disease. The use of animal models allows researchers to investigate ...
Animal model of autism
Klauck, S. M.; Poustka, A. (2006). "Animal models of autism". Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models. 3 (4): 313-318. doi:10.1016 ... Panaitof, S. C. (2012). "A songbird animal model for dissecting the genetic bases of autism spectrum disorder". Disease Markers ... researchers often focus only on single features of autism when using animal models. One of the more common rodent models is the ... "Animal Models of Autism". Transgenic and Knockout Models of Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Contemporary Clinical Neuroscience. p. ...
Experimental models of Alzheimer's disease
... and animal models. Traditional two dimensional cell culture is a useful experimental model of Alzheimer's disease to conduct ... human primate models of Alzheimer's disease". Animal Models and Experimental Medicine. 2 (4): 227-238. doi:10.1002/ame2.12092. ... Rodent animal models of Alzheimer's disease are commonly used in research as rodents and humans have many of the same major ... While these models are useful in studying the process of aging, they are not always exact models of Alzheimer's disease. Common ...
Animal testing
Studies on induced animal models of human diseases. Here, an animal is treated so that it develops pathology and symptoms that ... Animal testing, also known as animal experimentation, animal research, and in vivo testing, is the use of non-human animals in ... "Experimental models of Parkinson's disease: insights from many models". Laboratory Animal Science. 49 (4): 363-71. PMID ... Studies on models of naturally occurring disease and condition. Certain domestic and wild animals have a natural propensity or ...
Copper-64
ISBN 978-0-471-49560-4. Reed, Emily; Lutsenko, Svetlana; Bandmann, Oliver (2018). "Animal models of Wilson disease". Journal of ... In animal models having colorectal tumors with and without induced hypoxia, Cu-ATSM was preferentially taken up by hypoxic ... Wilson disease is a rare condition in which copper is retained excessively in the body. Toxic levels of copper can lead to ... 64Cu has been used experimentally to study whole body retention of copper in subjects with this disease. The technique can also ...
Alexander Fleming Biomedical Sciences Research Center
Main areas of research: Functional genomics and proteomics; Molecular and cellular immunology; Animal models of human disease; ... Fleming's researchers have established transgenic animal models for rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and ... Fleming's Animal house (certified with ISO 9001) provides husbandry of animals and services to the biomedical research ... The Animal House has 6 different Facilities-Units of SPF status and is currently the largest Mouse Unit in Greece in terms of ...
Marsh rice rat
Animal models for periodontal disease. Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2011:754857. Post, W. 1981. The influence of ... the animal has been proposed as a model for research on the disease in humans. The identity of the bacterial agent remains ... The marsh rice rat is quite susceptible to periodontitis and has been used as a model system for the study of that disease. The ... Animal model: periodontitis in the rice rat (Oryzomys palustris). American Journal of Pathology 96(2):643-646. Lodge, T.E. 2005 ...
Laboratory mouse
An article in The Scientist notes, "The difficulties associated with using animal models for human disease result from the ... Laboratory rat Animal testing Animal testing on rodents Animal model Animal Identification Fe, Fi, Fo, Fum, and Phooey, five ... Cavanaugh SE, Pippin JJ, Barnard ND (10 April 2013). "Animal models of Alzheimer disease: historical pitfalls and a path ... In addition, the caging of laboratory animals may render them irrelevant models of human health because these animals lack day- ...
Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy
Similarly, in animal models of SBMA castration dramatically reduces disease phenotype. Toxicity is believed to occur through ... Merry, D. E. (2005). "Animal Models of Kennedy Disease". NeuroRx. 2 (3): 471-479. doi:10.1602/neurorx.2.3.471. PMC 1144490. ... Serum creatine kinase (CK) levels are much higher than would be expected for a purely neurogenic disease. In animal studies, ... Kennedy's Disease Association Kennedy's Disease UK Scholia has a topic profile for Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy. ( ...
Nature versus nurture
Ramaswamy, S.; McBride, J. L.; Kordower, J. H. (2007). "Animal Models of Huntington's Disease". Ilar Journal. 48 (4): 356-373. ... Huntington's animal models live much longer or shorter lives depending on how they are cared for. At the other extreme, traits ... For highly penetrant Mendelian genetic disorders such as Huntington's disease virtually all the incidence of the disease is due ... In animals where breeding and environments can be controlled experimentally, heritability can be determined relatively easily. ...
Animal testing on rodents
Huntington's Disease Outreach Project for Education at Stanford Animal Model of Disease from Animal Research Organization ( ... Animal testing Animal model BALB/c C57BL/6 Fe, Fi, Fo, Fum, and Phooey, five mice who orbited the Moon in 1972 Mouse models of ... An article in The Scientist notes, "The difficulties associated with using animal models for human disease result from the ... Bart van der Worp, H (30 March 2010). "Can Animal Models of Disease Reliably Inform Human Studies?". PLOS Medicine. 2 (6048): ...
Kindling model
eds.). Neuromethods: Animal Models of Neurological Disease. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press. pp. 153-155. ISBN 0-89603-211-6. PK Sahoo ... Kindling is also referred as an animal visual model of epilepsy that can be produced by focal electrical stimulation in the ... However, in both human epilepsy and in some animal models, evidence suggests that a process like that found in kindling does ... a method by which seizure severity is quantified in animal models of epilepsy) Bertram E (2007). "The relevance of kindling for ...
Epigenetics of neurodegenerative diseases
... have been effective at treating symptoms in animal models of AD. While promising as a therapeutic in animal models, studies on ... Disease: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease (HD), spinal muscular atrophy (SMA ... "Phenylbutyrate up-regulates the DJ-1 protein and protects neurons in cell culture and in animal models of Parkinson disease". ... "Treatment with trichostatin A initiated after disease onset delays disease progression and increases survival in a mouse model ...
Campbell's dwarf hamster
2007). Animal Models in Toxicology (2nd ed.). CRC Press. p. 248. Grzimek, Bernhard, ed. (1972). Grzimek's Animal Life ... Richardson, V. G. C. (2003). "Systems and Diseases". Diseases of Small Domestic Rodents. pp. 127-31. doi:10.1002/9780470690840. ... The surface of the hands and feet are white to ensure the animal stays warm in colder climates in countries such as Mongolia. ... Herberg, L.; K. D. Buchanan; L. M. Herbertz; H. F. Kern; H. K. Kley (1980). "The Djungarian hamster, a laboratory animal with ...
Post-traumatic epilepsy
eds.). Neuromethods: Animal Models of Neurological Disease. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press. pp. 153-155. ISBN 0-89603-211-6. Menkes ... No animal model has all the characteristics of epileptogenesis in humans, so research efforts aim to identify one. Such a model ... "Animal Models of Posttraumatic Seizures and Epilepsy". Injury Models of the Central Nervous System. Methods in Molecular ... Pitkänen A, McIntosh TK (2006). "Animal models of post-traumatic epilepsy". Journal of Neurotrauma. 23 (2): 241-261. doi: ...
Piebald
Schaible, R.H. (1979). Andrews, E.J.; Ward, B.C; Alatman, N.H. (eds.). Spontaneous Animal Models of Human Disease. New York: ... Animals with this pattern may include birds, cats, cattle, dogs, foxes, horses, cetaceans, deer, pigs, and snakes. Some animals ... Many other animal species may also be "pied" or piebald including, but not limited to, birds and squirrels. A piebald Eastern ... The animal's skin under the white background is not pigmented. Location of the unpigmented spots is dependent on the migration ...
Genetically modified organism
Schmidt J, Schmidt T (2018). "Animal Models of Machado-Joseph Disease". Polyglutamine Disorders. Advances in Experimental ... Perleberg C, Kind A, Schnieke A (January 2018). "Genetically engineered pigs as models for human disease". Disease Models & ... disease resistance and survival. Animals have been engineered to grow faster, be healthier and resist diseases. Modifications ... Lu JW, Ho YJ, Ciou SC, Gong Z (September 2017). "Innovative Disease Model: Zebrafish as an In Vivo Platform for Intestinal ...
Alpha cell
"Animal Models of Organ-Specific Autoimmune Disease". In Rose, Noel R.; Mackay, Ian R. (eds.). The Autoimmune Diseases. Elsevier ...
Precision cut lung slices
Wright, J. L.; Cosio, M.; Churg, A. (2008). "Animal models of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease". American Journal of ... including animal models like mice and rats, to mimic different aspects of the condition. While these animal models have ... While no in vivo models fully encompass all aspects of clinical COPD pathology, certain animal models, such as those involving ... Disease Modeling and Drug Discovery". American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology. 62 (6): 681-691. doi:10.1165/ ...
Gregory Prince
"Diversifying animal models: the use of hispid cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) in infectious diseases". Laboratory Animals. ... "Animal Models of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 25 (6): 1363-68. doi:10.1086/516152. PMC ... Prince is the author of over 150 scientific publications in the field of infectious diseases, the majority dealing with RSV. He ... Marie-Ève Hamelin; Gregory A. Prince; Guy Boivin (2006). "Effect of Ribavirin and Glucocorticoid Treatment in a Mouse Model of ...
Infections associated with diseases
S2CID 22660338.[permanent dead link] Hornig, Mady; Lipkin, W. Ian (2013). "Immune-mediated animal models of Tourette syndrome ... Diseases may also be multifactorial, requiring multiple factors to induce disease. For example: in a murine model, Crohn's ... Lists of diseases, Infectious diseases, Infectious causes of cancer, Diseases and disorders, Inflammations). ... The history of infection and disease were observed in the 1800s and related to the one of the tick-borne diseases, Rocky ...
Rudi Balling
Dragani, Tommaso (1998). man Polygenic Diseases - Animal Models. Harwood Academic Publishers. p. 13. ISBN 9789057023361. ... His research focused on genetic predispositions for various diseases, using mice as a model for the comparative genomics of ... Thyagarajan, T; Totey, S; Danton, MJ; Kulkarni, AB (2003). "Genetically altered mouse models: the good, the bad, and the ugly ... "Organisers". 4th INTERNATIONAL PARKINSON'S DISEASE SYMPOSIUM. 2018. Retrieved 1 October 2021. "Der neue Name der GBF: Helmholtz ...
Diet-induced obesity model
Conn, P. Michael (2013-05-29). Animal Models for the Study of Human Disease. Academic Press. ISBN 9780124159129. Harwood, H ... The diet-induced obesity model (DIO model) is an animal model used to study obesity using animals that have obesity caused by ... the use of animal models does restrict our ability to extrapolate findings to humans. The DIO model was developed in response ... These animals can then be used to study in vivo obesity, obesity's comorbidities, and other related diseases. Users of such ...
Malcolm Macleod
... the optimal use of animal models of disease; the neurobiology of the mineralocorticoid receptor; and impact of social ... deprivation on the incidence and management of neurological diseases. He is currently Professor of Neurology and Translational ...
Von Willebrand disease
Lozier JN, Nichols TC (April 2013). "Animal models of hemophilia and related bleeding disorders". Seminars in Hematology. 50 (2 ... Mice affected by VWD type 3 were produced by genetic engineering to obtain a small sized model for the human disease. In these ... "Canine von Willebrand Disease - Breed Summaries". ahdc.vet.cornell.edu. 2019-02-08. "Canine von Willebrand Disease". vetgen.com ... which attracted international attention in the disease. The eponymous name was assigned to the disease between the late 1930s ...
Autoimmune oophoritis
"Ovarian autoimmune disease: clinical concepts and animal models". Cellular & Molecular Immunology. 11 (6): 510-521. doi:10.1038 ... Since autoimmune oophoritis is listed as a "rare disease" by the Office of Rare Diseases (ORD) of the National Institutes of ... Women with this disease need a lot of emotional support and should maintain a management of other autoimmune conditions. The ... This disease is caused by primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), where reproduction and hormonal function of the ovaries stops ...
Epitestosterone
17α-Estradiol (epiestradiol) P. Michael Conn (29 May 2013). Animal Models for the Study of Human Disease. Academic Press. pp. ...
Neurodegenerative disease
... investigators employ animal models of disease to test potential therapeutic agents. Model organisms provide an inexpensive and ... Marsh JL, Lukacsovich T, Thompson LM (March 2009). "Animal models of polyglutamine diseases and therapeutic approaches". The ... Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, multiple system atrophy, and prion diseases. Neurodegeneration ... In Alzheimer's disease, these are amyloid-beta and tau. In Parkinson's disease, it is alpha-synuclein. In Huntington's disease ...
Donald L. Price
... and Animal Models of Alzheimer's Disease". Alzheimer's Disease. pp. 125-144. doi:10.1201/9780429260353-17. ISBN 9780429260353. ... Alzheimer's disease]". He often used animal models in order to "allow a more direct insight into pathogenesis", in parallel ... Price, D. L.; Tanzi, R. E.; Borchelt, D. R.; Sisodia, S. S. (1998). "Alzheimer's disease: genetic studies and transgenic models ... His research aimed to understand the molecular basis of neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer's disease. Price ...
William Paul Duprex
Animal models for COVID-19 (2020). Nature, 586:509-515. PMID 32967005. Persistence of severe acute respiratory syndrome ... the practical goals of developing new vaccines for emerging diseases as well as tools that predict viral spillover from animal ... Duprex is an expert in measles and mumps viruses and studies viral spillover from animals to humans, including the SARS-CoV-2 ... Intractable Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Prolonged Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ...
Robert J. Desnick
ISBN 0-8451-1035-7 Desnick, R. J., Patterson, D. F. and Scarpelli, D. F., eds.: Animal Models of Inherited Metabolic Diseases. ... and the chaperone therapy for Fabry disease, ERT for Niemann-Pick disease type B, and the RNA Interference Therapy for the ... National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Gene Therapy: Lysosomal Diseases With Mental Retardation, ... Achievement Award of the Lysosomal Disease Network, NIH, 2013 Genetic Disease Foundation Scientific Honoree for Contributions ...
Computational immunology
January 2008). "MUGEN mouse database; animal models of human immunological diseases". Nucleic Acids Res. 36 (Database issue): ... These models were very useful in characterizing the behavior and spread of infectious disease, by understanding the dynamics of ... Using this technology it is possible to know the model behind immune system. It has been used to model T-cell-mediated ... Models are helpful to predicts dynamics of pathogen toxicity and T-cell memory in response to different stimuli. There are also ...
Plasma gelsolin
20 animal models. Following are descriptions of selected animal studies. All stated results are relative to those of placebo ... "Peripheral Transgene Expression of Plasma Gelsolin Reduces Amyloid in Transgenic Mouse Models of Alzheimer's Disease". ... Substantial decreases in plasma levels are observed in acute and chronic infection and injury in both animal models and in ... Supplementation therapies with recombinant human pGSN have been shown effective in more than 20 animal models. pGSN has a ...
Animal models of Parkinson's disease - Wikipedia
Parkinsons disease animal models are divided into two categories: neurotoxin models and genetic models. Neurotoxin models ... "Animal Model of Parkinson Disease: Neuroinflammation and Apoptosis in the 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Model", Experimental Animal ... Animal models of Parkinsons disease are essential in the research field and widely used to study Parkinsons disease. ... "Animal Models of Parkinsons Disease", Parkinsons Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Aspects, Brisbane (AU): Codon ...
Next generation ALS drug silences inherited form of the disease in animal models | ScienceDaily
The results suggest the newer version of the drug may be effective at treating an inherited form of the disease caused by ... Next generation ALS drug silences inherited form of the disease in animal models. Preclinical study suggests drug may be ready ... "Next generation ALS drug silences inherited form of the disease in animal models." ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com. /. ... 2018, July 26). Next generation ALS drug silences inherited form of the disease in animal models. ScienceDaily. Retrieved ...
School of Veterinary Medicine - Animal Models of Infectious Diseases Training Program
The program seeks to train talented graduate students to conduct studies of human infectious diseases using animal models and ... Objectives The Animal Models of Infectious Diseases Training Program, funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), ... Animal Models of Infectious Diseases Training Program (AMID T32) ... Animal Models of Infectious Diseases Training Program * AMID - ... Animal Models of Infectious Diseases Training Program (AMID T32). Objectives. The Animal Models of Infectious Diseases Training ...
Modeling Lyme Disease Host Animal Habitat Suitability, West Point, New York | Health.mil
... methods and remote sensing data to replicate an established spatial model to identify the likely habitat of a key host animal- ... Spread through the bite of an infected blacklegged tick, infection with the bacterial cause of Lyme disease can have lasting ... Lyme disease poses both a challenge to health care providers in the Military Health System and a threat to military readiness. ... West Point cadets as well as active duty service members stationed at West Point and their families might contract Lyme disease ...
Next-generation ALS drug silences inherited form of the disease in animal models | National Institutes of Health (NIH)
Next-generation ALS drug silences inherited form of the disease in animal models. NIH-funded preclinical study suggests drug ... Injections of the new drugs also delayed the age at which mice carrying a disease-mutant SOD1 gene had trouble balancing on a ... Using rats and mice genetically modified to carry normal or disease-mutant versions of human SOD1, a team of researchers led by ... Antisense oligonucleotides extend survival and reverse decrement in muscle response in ALS models. The Journal of Clinical ...
Animal models of Parkinson's disease: an empirical comparison with the phenomenology of the disease in man
... of human diseases. Once the causative mechanism is understood, animal models are also help … ... Animal models are an important aid in experimental medical science because they enable one to study the pathogenetic mechanisms ... Animal models of Parkinsons disease: an empirical comparison with the phenomenology of the disease in man J Neural Transm ( ... The currently most important animal models (e.g. the reserpine model, neuroleptic-induced catalepsy, tremor models, ...
Biodefense: Research Methodology and Animal Models - Volume 13, Number 3-March 2007 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
The authors adeptly compare the different animal models used and provide reasons why 1 animal model is preferred to another. ... Taylor K. Biodefense: Research Methodology and Animal Models. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2007;13(3):523. doi:10.3201/ ... Taylor, K. (2007). Biodefense: Research Methodology and Animal Models. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 13(3), 523. https://doi. ... It clearly and concisely provides extensive details about the animal models, both past and present, that have been used to ...
ICGEB Workshop "Genome editing to generate cellular and animal models of human diseases"
Genome editing in animal models, Generation and use of genetically modified animal models, Cellular and animal models of human ... Workshop "Genome editing to generate cellular and animal models of human diseases". Cape Town, South Africa13 - 16 September ... the opportunities and challenges offered by genome editing for the generation of cellular and animal models of human diseases ... Mouse embryos and sperm models, In vitro fertilization models, Handling and performing procedures on mice and rats. ...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease: How To Obtain An Animal Model That Resembles The Human Illness - Science Trends
... are the two main types of an autoimmune disease called Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). Since the beginning of the 21st ... century, IBD has become a global disease with an increasing incidence in newly-industrialized countries whose societies have ... Currently, there are many animal models available. For our study, we chose the TNBS animal model, which consists of the ... in vivo molecular imaging of small animals is increasingly being developed for the assessment of disease-specific animal models ...
Transgenic Zebrafish as a Novel Animal Model to Study Tauopathies and Other Neurodegenerative Disorders in vivo |...
Genetically modified animals are invaluable models to understand the molecular disease mechanisms and to screen for modifying ... Transgenic Zebrafish as a Novel Animal Model to Study Tauopathies and Other Neurodegenerative Disorders in vivo Subject Area: ... Dominik Paquet, Bettina Schmid, Christian Haass; Transgenic Zebrafish as a Novel Animal Model to Study Tauopathies and Other ... We recently introduced tau-transgenic zebrafish as a novel model for tauopathies. Our model allows recapitulating key ...
Positron Emission Tomography in Animal Models of Alzheimer's Disease Amyloidosis: Translational Implications - Zurich Open...
Animal models of Alzheimers disease amyloidosis that recapitulate cerebral amyloid-beta pathology have been widely used in ... Animal models of Alzheimers disease amyloidosis that recapitulate cerebral amyloid-beta pathology have been widely used in ... Positron Emission Tomography in Animal Models of Alzheimers Disease Amyloidosis: Translational Implications ... Ni, Ruiqing (2021). Positron Emission Tomography in Animal Models of Alzheimers Disease Amyloidosis: Translational ...
Animal Model Proteins Important in Study of Human Disease Pinpointed
Scientists have found that unique sets of proteins and pathways present in specific animal models commonly used in research are ... Animal Model Proteins Important in Study of Human Disease Pinpointed. News Published: September 10, 2019 ... More importantly, they allow researchers to understand which animal models can be used to study heart disease and ultimately ... proteins and pathways present in specific animal models commonly used in research are also present and mutated in human disease ...
Animal Models of Parkinson's Disease: Are They Useful or Not?
In this article, two researchers debate this issue with Roger Barker taking the view that such models are not useful and may ... The use of animal models in Parkinsons disease research has been controversial in terms of how well they relate to the ... Animal models. , Lewy bodies. , alpha-synuclein. , dopamine. , drug discovery. , experimental therapies. , Animals. , ... The use of animal models in Parkinsons disease research has been controversial in terms of how well they relate to the ...
In vivo imaging of early signs of dopaminergic neuronal death in an animal model of Parkinson's disease - JPND...
"In vivo imaging of early signs of dopaminergic neuronal death in an animal model of Parkinsons disease" has been accepted for ... In vivo imaging of early signs of dopaminergic neuronal death in an animal model of Parkinsons disease. ... In vivo imaging of early signs of dopaminergic neuronal death in an animal model of Parkinsons disease ... Aging Alzheimers Alzheimers disease Brain Brain research Dementia neurodegeneration Parkinsons Parkinsons Disease Research ...
Chemical and biomechanical characterization of hyperhomocysteinemic bone disease in an animal model | BMC Musculoskeletal...
hCySH-fed animals grew faster and had longer tibiae at the end of the study. Plasma levels of hCySH, methionine, cystathionine ... In this chick model, hyperhomocysteinemia causes greater radial and longitudinal bone growth, despite normal indices of bone ... Skeletal changes include a reduction in bone density, making it a potentially attractive model for the study of idiopathic ... We also conclude that the hCySH-supplemented chick is a promising model for study of the connective tissue abnormalities ...
Neuronal hyperexcitability in Alzheimer's disease: what are the drivers behind this aberrant phenotype? | Translational...
The exact mechanisms causing neuronal excitability changes are not fully characterized; however, animal and cell models have ... Identifying early changes in the disease course may provide new therapeutic targets to halt or reverse disease progression. ... Alzheimers disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder leading to loss of cognitive abilities and ultimately, ... studies have shown that cortical and hippocampal hyperactivity are a feature shared by patients in the early stages of disease ...
Physiopathology studies and therapeutical approaches in animal and cellular models of neurometabolic diseases
... ... To date, we are using gene editing CRISPR/Cas9 technology for the generation of cellular and animal models with specific ... a translational study with the aim of generating and characterizing animal and cellular models relevant for specific diseases, ... performing preclinical studies in the specific disease models.. The research group has ample experience in the in vitro and in ...
Oral Manifestations of Autoimmune Blistering Diseases: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology
Oral lesions can be the predominant or minor clinical manifestation of a given disease. ... Oral lesions are observed commonly in autoimmune blistering skin diseases. ... Animal models. Spontaneous animal homologues of human autoimmune blistering diseases have been identified in the last 2 decades ... So far, no truly active experimental animal models (in which healthy mice are induced to autoimmune disease de novo) are known ...
Cells | Free Full-Text | New Rat Model of Advanced NASH Mimicking Pathophysiological Features and Transcriptomic Signature of...
However, most available animal models fail to reflect the whole spectrum of the disease. Liver fibrosis and portal hypertension ... The present study defines a pre-clinical model of moderate and advanced NASH that mimics the human disease, including ... We herein aimed at developing a new model of NASH in male rats, obtained using a multi-hit protocol that combines the ... sequencing was compared with human NASH and illustrated the similarity of this pre-clinical model with the human disease. ...
Glossary of Terms | Parkinson's Disease
... data suggests MANF is as effective as GDNF in reducing behavioral deficits in preclinical or animal Parkinsons disease models ... With models, researchers can study the mechanisms of a disease and test therapies. Also known as preclinical models. ... Sporadic Parkinsons disease is sometimes called idiopathic, meaning that the cause is unknown. Sporadic Parkinsons disease ... Symptoms that affect up to 90 percent of individuals with Parkinsons disease at some time in the course of their disease, and ...
Glossary of Terms | Parkinson's Disease
... data suggests MANF is as effective as GDNF in reducing behavioral deficits in preclinical or animal Parkinsons disease models ... With models, researchers can study the mechanisms of a disease and test therapies. Also known as preclinical models. ... Sporadic Parkinsons disease is sometimes called idiopathic, meaning that the cause is unknown. Sporadic Parkinsons disease ... Symptoms that affect up to 90 percent of individuals with Parkinsons disease at some time in the course of their disease, and ...
PhD One Health Models of Disease | The University of Edinburgh
... bioethics and social sciences for human and animal health. ... One Health Models of Disease: Science, Ethics and Society. ... PhD One Health Models of Disease. This Wellcome programme combines training in experimental techniques, bioethics and social ... The new 4-year PhD programme in One Health Models of Disease: Science, Ethics and Society will provide unique training in state ... Genome editing and animal bioscience. Technological advances in genome editing and animal bioscience have potential for huge ...
MicroPET/SPECT/CT imaging of small animal models of disease<...
Koba, W., Jelicks, L. A., & Fine, E. J. (2013). MicroPET/SPECT/CT imaging of small animal models of disease. American Journal ... MicroPET/SPECT/CT imaging of small animal models of disease. / Koba, Wade; Jelicks, Linda A.; Fine, Eugene J. In: American ... Koba, Wade ; Jelicks, Linda A. ; Fine, Eugene J. / MicroPET/SPECT/CT imaging of small animal models of disease. In: American ... Koba, W, Jelicks, LA & Fine, EJ 2013, MicroPET/SPECT/CT imaging of small animal models of disease, American Journal of ...
Animal Models Of Parkinson's Disease - ParkinsonsInfoClub.com
Model organisms that generate the disease quickly allow scientists to study it and test potential treatments ... The Search For Clinically Relevant Motor Behaviors In Animal Models Of Parkinsons Disease. Parkinsons disease - animal model ... Also Check: What Disease Has The Same Symptoms As Parkinsons Disease Therapeutic Strategies For Lids In Animal Models Of Pd. ... Drosophila model C. elegans model Zebrafish model Read Also: When A Person Is Suffering With Parkinsons Disease ...
Frontiers | The Role of Paracrine Regulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Crosstalk With Macrophages in Musculoskeletal...
This review focused on the elucidation of paracrine crosstalk between MSCs and Mφs during musculoskeletal diseases and injury. ... This review focused on the elucidation of paracrine crosstalk between MSCs and M𝜑s during musculoskeletal diseases and injury. ... Target Diseases and Experimental Animal Models. In the bone fracture-related studies (Chang et al., 2015; Li Y. et al., 2019), ... and infectious disease pathology (Le Blanc and Mougiakakos, 2012; English, 2013). However, increasing analysis in animal models ...
The functional mechanism of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of animal models with Alzheimer's...
... alleviates neuropathology and improves cognitive deficits in animal models with Alzheimers disease. However, the underlying ... Stem cell therapy has been explored in the preclinical study using animal models with Alzheimers disease [13]. The sources of ... Neuroprotective potential of curcumin-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier in an animal model of Alzheimers disease: behavioral ... bone marrow or fat have beneficial effect in alleviating the neuropathology of animal models with Alzheimers disease. In ...
The ameliorating effect of limosilactobacillus fermentum and its supernatant postbiotic on cisplatin-induced chronic kidney...
... and its postbiotic in an animal model of cisplatin-induced CKD. The animals were divided into four experimental groups (normal ... showed promising effects and could successfully improve renal function in the animal model of CKD. Therefore, probiotics and ... The improvement effect on renal function in the current model is mainly mediated by oxidative stress markers in the renal ... Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide public health problem affecting millions of people. Probiotics and postbiotics are ...
Evolutionary profiling reveals the heterogeneous origins of classes of human disease genes: implications for modeling disease...
... suggesting that many non-traditional animal models have the potential to be useful for studying many human disease genes. Taken ... these findings emphasize why model organism selection should be done on a disease-by-disease basis, with evolutionary profiles ... that many animal species have the potential to serve as feasible models for research on genes responsible for human disease, it ... The novel patterns that we have identified may provide new insight into cases where studies using traditional animal models ...
Viruses | Free Full-Text | Animal Models of Dengue Virus Infection
Humanized mouse models can sustain DENV replication and show some signs of disease, but further development is needed to ... In contrast, certain immunodeficient mouse models infected with mouse-adapted DENV strains show signs of severe disease similar ... a new model using high doses of DENV has recently been shown to develop hemorrhagic signs after infection. Overall, each model ... Classically, immunocompetent mice infected with DENV do not manifest disease or else develop paralysis when inoculated ...
Animal Models for Complex Traits and Diseases | Comparative Genomics
The use of animals as models for human disease is one of the most important paradigms of biomedical research. Animal models are ... Given that mice, the most common animal model, frequently do not faithfully recapitulate human disease, pigs and other large ... We are developing animal models focused on cancer biology, innate immune responses, and the effects of age and diet on health. ... Through the use of recombineering, targeted gene trapping technologies and gene expression profiling, these animal models are ...