Alternatives to the use of animals in research, testing, and education. The alternatives may include reduction in the number of animals used, replacement of animals with a non-animal model or with animals of a species lower phylogenetically, or refinement of methods to minimize pain and distress of animals used.
Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.
Non-human animals, selected because of specific characteristics, for use in experimental research, teaching, or testing.
Inbred C57BL mice are a strain of laboratory mice that have been produced by many generations of brother-sister matings, resulting in a high degree of genetic uniformity and homozygosity, making them widely used for biomedical research, including studies on genetics, immunology, cancer, and neuroscience.
A familial disorder inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by the onset of progressive CHOREA and DEMENTIA in the fourth or fifth decade of life. Common initial manifestations include paranoia; poor impulse control; DEPRESSION; HALLUCINATIONS; and DELUSIONS. Eventually intellectual impairment; loss of fine motor control; ATHETOSIS; and diffuse chorea involving axial and limb musculature develops, leading to a vegetative state within 10-15 years of disease onset. The juvenile variant has a more fulminant course including SEIZURES; ATAXIA; dementia; and chorea. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1060-4)
Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures.
Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

New perspectives on biliary atresia. (1/64177)

An investigation into the aetiology, diagnosis, and treatment of biliary atresia was carried out because the prognosis remains so poor.In an electron microscopical study no viral particles or viral inclusion bodies were seen, nor were any specific ultrastructural features observed. An animal experiment suggested that obstruction within the biliary tract of newborn rabbits could be produced by maternal intravenous injection of the bile acid lithocholic acid.A simple and atraumatic method of diagnosis was developed using(99) (m)Tc-labelled compounds which are excreted into bile. Two compounds, (99m)Tc-pyridoxylidene glutamate ((99m)Tc-PG) and (99m)Tc-dihydrothioctic acid ((99m)Tc-DHT) were first assessed in normal piglets and piglets with complete biliary obstruction. Intestinal imaging correlated with biliary tract patency, and the same correlation was found in jaundiced human adults, in whom the (99m)Tc-PG scan correctly determined biliary patency in 21 out of 24 cases. The (99m)Tc-PG scan compared well with liver biopsy and (131)I-Rose Bengal in the diagnosis of 11 infants with prolonged jaundice.A model of extrahepatic biliary atresia was developed in the newborn piglet so that different methods of bile drainage could be assessed. Priorities in biliary atresia lie in a better understanding of the aetiology and early diagnosis rather than in devising new bile drainage procedures.  (+info)

The evolution of early fibromuscular lesions hemodynamically induced in the dog renal artery. I. Light and transmission electron microscopy. (2/64177)

In view of the important roles of arterial intimal fibromuscular lesions as precursors of atherosclerotic plaque and occlusive lesions in arterial reconstructions, a model has been developed for the rapid hemodynamic induction of these lesions by anastomosis of the dog right renal artery to the inferior vena cava. Light and transmission electron microscopic observations were made on the arterial shunt after periods of rapid flow ranging form 10 minutes to 2 hours to identify initial factor(s) and evolutionary mechanisms in the etiology of the lesions. The sequence of events included aberrations in ruthenium red staining of the endothelial luminal membrane at 10 minutes, multilayered thickening of the subendothelial basement membrane (BM) at 15 minutes, and initial reorientation and migration of smooth muscle cells (SMC) into the intima along with the appearance of areas of degeneration of the internal elastic lamina (IEL) at 30 minutes. The endothelial cells were still intact in some areas overlying the SMC migration and IEL degeneration, but they were separating from the surface in other such areas. As subendothelium became exposed, some platelet adherence was noted. By 2 hours, the entire wall reaction was fully developed. Initial observations indicate that in the evolution of this hemodynamically induced lesion visible alteration in the endothelial cells is not prerequisite to degeneration of the underlying IEL and reorientation and migration of medial SMC.  (+info)

Site of myocardial infarction. A determinant of the cardiovascular changes induced in the cat by coronary occlusion. (3/64177)

The influence of site of acute myocardial infarction on heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac output, total peripheral resistance (TPR), cardiac rhythm, and mortality was determined in 58 anesthetized cats by occlusion of either the left anterior descending (LAD), left circumflex or right coronary artery. LAD occlusion resulted in immediate decrease in cardiac output, heart rate, and blood pressure, an increase in TPR, and cardiac rhythm changes including premature ventricular beats, ventricular tachycardia, and occasionally ventricular fibrillation. The decrease in cardiac output and increase in TPR persisted in the cats surviving a ventricular arrhythmia. In contrast, right coronary occlusion resulted in a considerably smaller decrease in cardiac output. TPR did not increase, atrioventricular condition disturbances were common, and sinus bradycardia and hypotension persisted in the cats recovering from an arrhythmia. Left circumflex ligation resulted in cardiovascular changes intermediate between those produced by occlusion of the LAD or the right coronary artery. Mortality was similar in each of the three groups. We studied the coronary artery anatomy in 12 cats. In 10, the blood supply to the sinus node was from the right coronary artery and in 2, from the left circumflex coronary artery. The atrioventricular node artery arose from the right in 9 cats, and from the left circumflex in 3. The right coronary artery was dominant in 9 cats and the left in 3. In conclusion, the site of experimental coronary occlusion in cats is a major determinant of the hemodynamic and cardiac rhythm changes occurring after acute myocardial infarction. The cardiovascular responses evoked by ligation are related in part to the anatomical distribution of the occluded artery.  (+info)

Hierarchy of ventricular pacemakers. (4/64177)

To characterize the pattern of pacemaker dominance in the ventricular specialized conduction system (VSCS), escape ventricular pacemakers were localized and quantified in vivo and in virto, in normal hearts and in hearts 24 hours after myocardial infarction. Excape pacemaker foci were localized in vivo during vagally induced atrial arrest by means of electrograms recorded from the His bundle and proximal bundle branches and standard electrocardiographic limb leads. The VSCS was isolated using a modified Elizari preparation or preparations of each bundle branch. Peacemakers were located by extra- and intracellular recordings. Escape pacemaker foci in vivo were always in the proximal conduction system, usually the left bundle branch. The rate was 43+/-11 (mean+/-SD) beats/min. After beta-adrenergic blockade, the mean rate fell to 31+/-10 beats/min, but there were no shifts in pacemaker location. In the infarcted hearts, pacemakers were located in the peripheral left bundle branch. The mean rate was 146+/-20 beats/min. In isolated normal preparations, the dominant pacemakers usually were in the His bundle, firing at a mean rate of 43+/-10 beats/min. The rates of pacemakers diminished with distal progression. In infarcted hearts, the pacemakers invariably were in the infarct zone. The mean firing rates were not influenced by beta-adrenergic blockade. The results indicate that the dominant pacemakers are normally in the very proximal VSCS, but after myocardial infarction pacemaker dominance is shifted into the infarct. Distribution of pacemaker dominance is independent of sympathetic influence.  (+info)

A genetic model of substrate deprivation therapy for a glycosphingolipid storage disorder. (5/64177)

Inherited defects in the degradation of glycosphingolipids (GSLs) cause a group of severe diseases known as GSL storage disorders. There are currently no effective treatments for the majority of these disorders. We have explored a new treatment paradigm, substrate deprivation therapy, by constructing a genetic model in mice. Sandhoff's disease mice, which abnormally accumulate GSLs, were bred with mice that were blocked in their synthesis of GSLs. The mice with simultaneous defects in GSL synthesis and degradation no longer accumulated GSLs, had improved neurologic function, and had a much longer life span. However, these mice eventually developed a late-onset neurologic disease because of accumulation of another class of substrate, oligosaccharides. The results support the validity of the substrate deprivation therapy and also highlight some limitations.  (+info)

DMPK dosage alterations result in atrioventricular conduction abnormalities in a mouse myotonic dystrophy model. (6/64177)

Myotonic dystrophy (DM) is the most common form of muscular dystrophy and is caused by expansion of a CTG trinucleotide repeat on human chromosome 19. Patients with DM develop atrioventricular conduction disturbances, the principal cardiac manifestation of this disease. The etiology of the pathophysiological changes observed in DM has yet to be resolved. Haploinsufficiency of myotonic dystrophy protein kinase (DMPK), DM locus-associated homeodomain protein (DMAHP) and/or titration of RNA-binding proteins by expanded CUG sequences have been hypothesized to underlie the multi-system defects observed in DM. Using an in vivo murine electrophysiology study, we show that cardiac conduction is exquisitely sensitive to DMPK gene dosage. DMPK-/- mice develop cardiac conduction defects which include first-, second-, and third-degree atrioventricular (A-V) block. Our results demonstrate that the A-V node and the His-Purkinje regions of the conduction system are specifically compromised by DMPK loss. Importantly, DMPK+/- mice develop first-degree heart block, a conduction defect strikingly similar to that observed in DM patients. These results demonstrate that DMPK dosage is a critical element modulating cardiac conduction integrity and conclusively link haploinsufficiency of DMPK with cardiac disease in myotonic dystrophy.  (+info)

Alternative sulfonylurea receptor expression defines metabolic sensitivity of K-ATP channels in dopaminergic midbrain neurons. (7/64177)

ATP-sensitive potassium (K-ATP) channels couple the metabolic state to cellular excitability in various tissues. Several isoforms of the K-ATP channel subunits, the sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) and inwardly rectifying K channel (Kir6.X), have been cloned, but the molecular composition and functional diversity of native neuronal K-ATP channels remain unresolved. We combined functional analysis of K-ATP channels with expression profiling of K-ATP subunits at the level of single substantia nigra (SN) neurons in mouse brain slices using an RT-multiplex PCR protocol. In contrast to GABAergic neurons, single dopaminergic SN neurons displayed alternative co-expression of either SUR1, SUR2B or both SUR isoforms with Kir6.2. Dopaminergic SN neurons expressed alternative K-ATP channel species distinguished by significant differences in sulfonylurea affinity and metabolic sensitivity. In single dopaminergic SN neurons, co-expression of SUR1 + Kir6.2, but not of SUR2B + Kir6.2, correlated with functional K-ATP channels highly sensitive to metabolic inhibition. In contrast to wild-type, surviving dopaminergic SN neurons of homozygous weaver mouse exclusively expressed SUR1 + Kir6.2 during the active period of dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Therefore, alternative expression of K-ATP channel subunits defines the differential response to metabolic stress and constitutes a novel candidate mechanism for the differential vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons in response to respiratory chain dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.  (+info)

DEF-1, a novel Src SH3 binding protein that promotes adipogenesis in fibroblastic cell lines. (8/64177)

The Src homology 3 (SH3) motif is found in numerous signal transduction proteins involved in cellular growth and differentiation. We have purified and cloned a novel protein, DEF-1 (differentiation-enhancing factor), from bovine brain by using a Src SH3 affinity column. Ectopic expression of DEF-1 in fibroblasts resulted in the differentiation of a significant fraction of the culture into adipocytes. This phenotype appears to be related to the induction of the transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), since DEF-1 NIH 3T3 cells demonstrated augmented levels of PPARgamma mRNA and, when treated with activating PPARgamma ligands, efficient induction of differentiation. Further evidence for a role for DEF-1 in adipogenesis was provided by heightened expression of DEF-1 mRNA in adipose tissue isolated from obese and diabetes mice compared to that in tissue isolated from wild-type mice. However, DEF-1 mRNA was detected in multiple tissues, suggesting that the signal transduction pathway(s) in which DEF-1 is involved is not limited to adipogenesis. These results suggest that DEF-1 is an important component of a signal transduction process that is involved in the differentiation of fibroblasts and possibly of other types of cells.  (+info)

"Animal Use Alternatives" refers to the methods and techniques used in scientific research, testing, and education that avoid or reduce the use of animals. The three main categories of alternatives are:

1. Replacement: This involves using non-animal methods to entirely replace the use of animals in a particular procedure or experiment. Examples include the use of computer modeling, cell cultures, and tissue samples instead of live animals.
2. Reduction: This refers to methods that reduce the number of animals used in a given procedure or experiment while still achieving the same scientific objective. Examples include using statistical methods to design experiments that require fewer animals, or sharing data and resources between research groups.
3. Refinement: This involves modifying procedures to minimize suffering and improve animal welfare for those animals that are still used. Examples include using anesthesia and pain relief during surgical procedures, providing appropriate housing and enrichment, and implementing humane endpoints in experiments.

The development and implementation of animal use alternatives is a key goal in the ethical and responsible conduct of scientific research, testing, and education.

Animal disease models are specialized animals, typically rodents such as mice or rats, that have been genetically engineered or exposed to certain conditions to develop symptoms and physiological changes similar to those seen in human diseases. These models are used in medical research to study the pathophysiology of diseases, identify potential therapeutic targets, test drug efficacy and safety, and understand disease mechanisms.

The genetic modifications can include knockout or knock-in mutations, transgenic expression of specific genes, or RNA interference techniques. The animals may also be exposed to environmental factors such as chemicals, radiation, or infectious agents to induce the disease state.

Examples of animal disease models include:

1. Mouse models of cancer: Genetically engineered mice that develop various types of tumors, allowing researchers to study cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis.
2. Alzheimer's disease models: Transgenic mice expressing mutant human genes associated with Alzheimer's disease, which exhibit amyloid plaque formation and cognitive decline.
3. Diabetes models: Obese and diabetic mouse strains like the NOD (non-obese diabetic) or db/db mice, used to study the development of type 1 and type 2 diabetes, respectively.
4. Cardiovascular disease models: Atherosclerosis-prone mice, such as ApoE-deficient or LDLR-deficient mice, that develop plaque buildup in their arteries when fed a high-fat diet.
5. Inflammatory bowel disease models: Mice with genetic mutations affecting intestinal barrier function and immune response, such as IL-10 knockout or SAMP1/YitFc mice, which develop colitis.

Animal disease models are essential tools in preclinical research, but it is important to recognize their limitations. Differences between species can affect the translatability of results from animal studies to human patients. Therefore, researchers must carefully consider the choice of model and interpret findings cautiously when applying them to human diseases.

An animal model in medicine refers to the use of non-human animals in experiments to understand, predict, and test responses and effects of various biological and chemical interactions that may also occur in humans. These models are used when studying complex systems or processes that cannot be easily replicated or studied in human subjects, such as genetic manipulation or exposure to harmful substances. The choice of animal model depends on the specific research question being asked and the similarities between the animal's and human's biological and physiological responses. Examples of commonly used animal models include mice, rats, rabbits, guinea pigs, and non-human primates.

C57BL/6 (C57 Black 6) is an inbred strain of laboratory mouse that is widely used in biomedical research. The term "inbred" refers to a strain of animals where matings have been carried out between siblings or other closely related individuals for many generations, resulting in a population that is highly homozygous at most genetic loci.

The C57BL/6 strain was established in 1920 by crossing a female mouse from the dilute brown (DBA) strain with a male mouse from the black strain. The resulting offspring were then interbred for many generations to create the inbred C57BL/6 strain.

C57BL/6 mice are known for their robust health, longevity, and ease of handling, making them a popular choice for researchers. They have been used in a wide range of biomedical research areas, including studies of cancer, immunology, neuroscience, cardiovascular disease, and metabolism.

One of the most notable features of the C57BL/6 strain is its sensitivity to certain genetic modifications, such as the introduction of mutations that lead to obesity or impaired glucose tolerance. This has made it a valuable tool for studying the genetic basis of complex diseases and traits.

Overall, the C57BL/6 inbred mouse strain is an important model organism in biomedical research, providing a valuable resource for understanding the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying human health and disease.

Huntington Disease (HD) is a genetic neurodegenerative disorder that affects both cognitive and motor functions. It is characterized by the progressive loss of neurons in various areas of the brain, particularly in the striatum and cortex. The disease is caused by an autosomal dominant mutation in the HTT gene, which codes for the huntingtin protein. The most common mutation is a CAG repeat expansion in this gene, leading to the production of an abnormal form of the huntingtin protein that is toxic to nerve cells.

The symptoms of HD typically appear between the ages of 30 and 50, but they can start earlier or later in life. The early signs of HD may include subtle changes in mood, cognition, and coordination. As the disease progresses, individuals with HD experience uncontrolled movements (chorea), emotional disturbances, cognitive decline, and difficulties with communication and swallowing. Eventually, they become dependent on others for their daily needs and lose their ability to walk, talk, and care for themselves.

There is currently no cure for HD, but medications and therapies can help manage the symptoms of the disease and improve quality of life. Genetic testing is available to confirm the diagnosis and provide information about the risk of passing the disease on to future generations.

Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of disorders characterized by progressive and persistent loss of neuronal structure and function, often leading to cognitive decline, functional impairment, and ultimately death. These conditions are associated with the accumulation of abnormal protein aggregates, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and genetic mutations in the brain. Examples of neurodegenerative diseases include Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), and Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA). The underlying causes and mechanisms of these diseases are not fully understood, and there is currently no cure for most neurodegenerative disorders. Treatment typically focuses on managing symptoms and slowing disease progression.

Transgenic mice are genetically modified rodents that have incorporated foreign DNA (exogenous DNA) into their own genome. This is typically done through the use of recombinant DNA technology, where a specific gene or genetic sequence of interest is isolated and then introduced into the mouse embryo. The resulting transgenic mice can then express the protein encoded by the foreign gene, allowing researchers to study its function in a living organism.

The process of creating transgenic mice usually involves microinjecting the exogenous DNA into the pronucleus of a fertilized egg, which is then implanted into a surrogate mother. The offspring that result from this procedure are screened for the presence of the foreign DNA, and those that carry the desired genetic modification are used to establish a transgenic mouse line.

Transgenic mice have been widely used in biomedical research to model human diseases, study gene function, and test new therapies. They provide a valuable tool for understanding complex biological processes and developing new treatments for a variety of medical conditions.

Parkinson's disease animal models are divided into two categories: neurotoxin models and genetic models. Neurotoxin models ... "Animal Model of Parkinson Disease: Neuroinflammation and Apoptosis in the 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Model", Experimental Animal ... Animal models of Parkinson's disease are essential in the research field and widely used to study Parkinson's disease. ... "Animal Models of Parkinson's Disease", Parkinson's Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Aspects, Brisbane (AU): Codon ...
Animal models of autism Animal models of schizophrenia Animal testing on invertebrates Animal testing on rodents Animal testing ... An animal model (short for animal disease model) is a living, non-human, often genetic-engineered animal used during the ... organs and even animal species which express human diseases, providing a more robust model of human diseases in an animal model ... These test conditions are often termed as animal models of disease. The use of animal models allows researchers to investigate ...
Klauck, S. M.; Poustka, A. (2006). "Animal models of autism". Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models. 3 (4): 313-318. doi:10.1016 ... Panaitof, S. C. (2012). "A songbird animal model for dissecting the genetic bases of autism spectrum disorder". Disease Markers ... researchers often focus only on single features of autism when using animal models. One of the more common rodent models is the ... "Animal Models of Autism". Transgenic and Knockout Models of Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Contemporary Clinical Neuroscience. p. ...
Studies on induced animal models of human diseases. Here, an animal is treated so that it develops pathology and symptoms that ... Animal testing, also known as animal experimentation, animal research, and in vivo testing, is the use of non-human animals in ... "Experimental models of Parkinson's disease: insights from many models". Laboratory Animal Science. 49 (4): 363-71. PMID ... Studies on models of naturally occurring disease and condition. Certain domestic and wild animals have a natural propensity or ...
Huntington's Disease Outreach Project for Education at Stanford Animal Model of Disease from Animal Research Organization ( ... Animal testing Animal model BALB/c C57BL/6 Fe, Fi, Fo, Fum, and Phooey, five mice who orbited the Moon in 1972 Mouse models of ... An article in The Scientist notes, "The difficulties associated with using animal models for human disease result from the ... Bart van der Worp, H (30 March 2010). "Can Animal Models of Disease Reliably Inform Human Studies?". PLOS Medicine. 2 (6048): ...
ISBN 978-0-471-49560-4. Reed, Emily; Lutsenko, Svetlana; Bandmann, Oliver (2018). "Animal models of Wilson disease". Journal of ... In animal models having colorectal tumors with and without induced hypoxia, Cu-ATSM was preferentially taken up by hypoxic ... Wilson disease is a rare condition in which copper is retained excessively in the body. Toxic levels of copper can lead to ... 64Cu has been used experimentally to study whole body retention of copper in subjects with this disease. The technique can also ...
... and animal models. Traditional two dimensional cell culture is a useful experimental model of Alzheimer's disease to conduct ... human primate models of Alzheimer's disease". Animal Models and Experimental Medicine. 2 (4): 227-238. doi:10.1002/ame2.12092. ... Rodent animal models of Alzheimer's disease are commonly used in research as rodents and humans have many of the same major ... While these models are useful in studying the process of aging, they are not always exact models of Alzheimer's disease. Common ...
Main areas of research: Functional genomics and proteomics; Molecular and cellular immunology; Animal models of human disease; ... Fleming's researchers have established transgenic animal models for rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and ... Fleming's Animal house (certified with ISO 9001) provides husbandry of animals and services to the biomedical research ... The Animal House has 6 different Facilities-Units of SPF status and is currently the largest Mouse Unit in Greece in terms of ...
Animal models for periodontal disease. Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2011:754857. Post, W. 1981. The influence of ... the animal has been proposed as a model for research on the disease in humans. The identity of the bacterial agent remains ... The marsh rice rat is quite susceptible to periodontitis and has been used as a model system for the study of that disease. The ... Animal model: periodontitis in the rice rat (Oryzomys palustris). American Journal of Pathology 96(2):643-646. Lodge, T.E. 2005 ...
An article in The Scientist notes, "The difficulties associated with using animal models for human disease result from the ... Laboratory rat Animal testing Animal testing on rodents Animal model Animal Identification Fe, Fi, Fo, Fum, and Phooey, five ... Cavanaugh SE, Pippin JJ, Barnard ND (10 April 2013). "Animal models of Alzheimer disease: historical pitfalls and a path ... In addition, the caging of laboratory animals may render them irrelevant models of human health because these animals lack day- ...
Similarly, in animal models of SBMA castration dramatically reduces disease phenotype. Toxicity is believed to occur through ... Merry, D. E. (2005). "Animal Models of Kennedy Disease". NeuroRx. 2 (3): 471-479. doi:10.1602/neurorx.2.3.471. PMC 1144490. ... Serum creatine kinase (CK) levels are much higher than would be expected for a purely neurogenic disease. In animal studies, ... Kennedy's Disease Association Kennedy's Disease UK Scholia has a topic profile for Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy. ( ...
Ramaswamy, S.; McBride, J. L.; Kordower, J. H. (2007). "Animal Models of Huntington's Disease". Ilar Journal. 48 (4): 356-373. ... Huntington's animal models live much longer or shorter lives depending on how they are cared for. At the other extreme, traits ... For highly penetrant Mendelian genetic disorders such as Huntington's disease virtually all the incidence of the disease is due ... In animals where breeding and environments can be controlled experimentally, heritability can be determined relatively easily. ...
eds.). Neuromethods: Animal Models of Neurological Disease. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press. pp. 153-155. ISBN 0-89603-211-6. PK Sahoo ... Kindling is also referred as an animal visual model of epilepsy that can be produced by focal electrical stimulation in the ... However, in both human epilepsy and in some animal models, evidence suggests that a process like that found in kindling does ... a method by which seizure severity is quantified in animal models of epilepsy) Bertram E (2007). "The relevance of kindling for ...
... have been effective at treating symptoms in animal models of AD. While promising as a therapeutic in animal models, studies on ... Disease: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease (HD), spinal muscular atrophy (SMA ... "Phenylbutyrate up-regulates the DJ-1 protein and protects neurons in cell culture and in animal models of Parkinson disease". ... "Treatment with trichostatin A initiated after disease onset delays disease progression and increases survival in a mouse model ...
2007). Animal Models in Toxicology (2nd ed.). CRC Press. p. 248. Grzimek, Bernhard, ed. (1972). Grzimek's Animal Life ... Richardson, V. G. C. (2003). "Systems and Diseases". Diseases of Small Domestic Rodents. pp. 127-31. doi:10.1002/9780470690840. ... The surface of the hands and feet are white to ensure the animal stays warm in colder climates in countries such as Mongolia. ... Herberg, L.; K. D. Buchanan; L. M. Herbertz; H. F. Kern; H. K. Kley (1980). "The Djungarian hamster, a laboratory animal with ...
eds.). Neuromethods: Animal Models of Neurological Disease. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press. pp. 153-155. ISBN 0-89603-211-6. Menkes ... No animal model has all the characteristics of epileptogenesis in humans, so research efforts aim to identify one. Such a model ... "Animal Models of Posttraumatic Seizures and Epilepsy". Injury Models of the Central Nervous System. Methods in Molecular ... Pitkänen A, McIntosh TK (2006). "Animal models of post-traumatic epilepsy". Journal of Neurotrauma. 23 (2): 241-261. doi: ...
Schaible, R.H. (1979). Andrews, E.J.; Ward, B.C; Alatman, N.H. (eds.). Spontaneous Animal Models of Human Disease. New York: ... Animals with this pattern may include birds, cats, cattle, dogs, foxes, horses, cetaceans, deer, pigs, and snakes. Some animals ... Many other animal species may also be "pied" or piebald including, but not limited to, birds and squirrels. A piebald Eastern ... The animal's skin under the white background is not pigmented. Location of the unpigmented spots is dependent on the migration ...
Schmidt J, Schmidt T (2018). "Animal Models of Machado-Joseph Disease". Polyglutamine Disorders. Advances in Experimental ... Perleberg C, Kind A, Schnieke A (January 2018). "Genetically engineered pigs as models for human disease". Disease Models & ... disease resistance and survival. Animals have been engineered to grow faster, be healthier and resist diseases. Modifications ... Lu JW, Ho YJ, Ciou SC, Gong Z (September 2017). "Innovative Disease Model: Zebrafish as an In Vivo Platform for Intestinal ...
"Animal Models of Organ-Specific Autoimmune Disease". In Rose, Noel R.; Mackay, Ian R. (eds.). The Autoimmune Diseases. Elsevier ...
Wright, J. L.; Cosio, M.; Churg, A. (2008). "Animal models of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease". American Journal of ... including animal models like mice and rats, to mimic different aspects of the condition. While these animal models have ... While no in vivo models fully encompass all aspects of clinical COPD pathology, certain animal models, such as those involving ... Disease Modeling and Drug Discovery". American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology. 62 (6): 681-691. doi:10.1165/ ...
"Diversifying animal models: the use of hispid cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) in infectious diseases". Laboratory Animals. ... "Animal Models of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 25 (6): 1363-68. doi:10.1086/516152. PMC ... Prince is the author of over 150 scientific publications in the field of infectious diseases, the majority dealing with RSV. He ... Marie-Ève Hamelin; Gregory A. Prince; Guy Boivin (2006). "Effect of Ribavirin and Glucocorticoid Treatment in a Mouse Model of ...
S2CID 22660338.[permanent dead link] Hornig, Mady; Lipkin, W. Ian (2013). "Immune-mediated animal models of Tourette syndrome ... Diseases may also be multifactorial, requiring multiple factors to induce disease. For example: in a murine model, Crohn's ... Lists of diseases, Infectious diseases, Infectious causes of cancer, Diseases and disorders, Inflammations). ... The history of infection and disease were observed in the 1800s and related to the one of the tick-borne diseases, Rocky ...
Dragani, Tommaso (1998). man Polygenic Diseases - Animal Models. Harwood Academic Publishers. p. 13. ISBN 9789057023361. ... His research focused on genetic predispositions for various diseases, using mice as a model for the comparative genomics of ... Thyagarajan, T; Totey, S; Danton, MJ; Kulkarni, AB (2003). "Genetically altered mouse models: the good, the bad, and the ugly ... "Organisers". 4th INTERNATIONAL PARKINSON'S DISEASE SYMPOSIUM. 2018. Retrieved 1 October 2021. "Der neue Name der GBF: Helmholtz ...
... the optimal use of animal models of disease; the neurobiology of the mineralocorticoid receptor; and impact of social ... deprivation on the incidence and management of neurological diseases. He is currently Professor of Neurology and Translational ...
Lozier JN, Nichols TC (April 2013). "Animal models of hemophilia and related bleeding disorders". Seminars in Hematology. 50 (2 ... Mice affected by VWD type 3 were produced by genetic engineering to obtain a small sized model for the human disease. In these ... "Canine von Willebrand Disease - Breed Summaries". ahdc.vet.cornell.edu. 2019-02-08. "Canine von Willebrand Disease". vetgen.com ... which attracted international attention in the disease. The eponymous name was assigned to the disease between the late 1930s ...
Conn, P. Michael (2013-05-29). Animal Models for the Study of Human Disease. Academic Press. ISBN 9780124159129. Harwood, H ... The diet-induced obesity model (DIO model) is an animal model used to study obesity using animals that have obesity caused by ... the use of animal models does restrict our ability to extrapolate findings to humans. The DIO model was developed in response ... These animals can then be used to study in vivo obesity, obesity's comorbidities, and other related diseases. Users of such ...
"Ovarian autoimmune disease: clinical concepts and animal models". Cellular & Molecular Immunology. 11 (6): 510-521. doi:10.1038 ... Since autoimmune oophoritis is listed as a "rare disease" by the Office of Rare Diseases (ORD) of the National Institutes of ... Women with this disease need a lot of emotional support and should maintain a management of other autoimmune conditions. The ... This disease is caused by primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), where reproduction and hormonal function of the ovaries stops ...
17α-Estradiol (epiestradiol) P. Michael Conn (29 May 2013). Animal Models for the Study of Human Disease. Academic Press. pp. ...
... investigators employ animal models of disease to test potential therapeutic agents. Model organisms provide an inexpensive and ... Marsh JL, Lukacsovich T, Thompson LM (March 2009). "Animal models of polyglutamine diseases and therapeutic approaches". The ... Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, multiple system atrophy, and prion diseases. Neurodegeneration ... In Alzheimer's disease, these are amyloid-beta and tau. In Parkinson's disease, it is alpha-synuclein. In Huntington's disease ...
... and Animal Models of Alzheimer's Disease". Alzheimer's Disease. pp. 125-144. doi:10.1201/9780429260353-17. ISBN 9780429260353. ... Alzheimer's disease]". He often used animal models in order to "allow a more direct insight into pathogenesis", in parallel ... Price, D. L.; Tanzi, R. E.; Borchelt, D. R.; Sisodia, S. S. (1998). "Alzheimer's disease: genetic studies and transgenic models ... His research aimed to understand the molecular basis of neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer's disease. Price ...
Animal models for COVID-19 (2020). Nature, 586:509-515. PMID 32967005. Persistence of severe acute respiratory syndrome ... the practical goals of developing new vaccines for emerging diseases as well as tools that predict viral spillover from animal ... Duprex is an expert in measles and mumps viruses and studies viral spillover from animals to humans, including the SARS-CoV-2 ... Intractable Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Prolonged Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ...
ISBN 0-8451-1035-7 Desnick, R. J., Patterson, D. F. and Scarpelli, D. F., eds.: Animal Models of Inherited Metabolic Diseases. ... and the chaperone therapy for Fabry disease, ERT for Niemann-Pick disease type B, and the RNA Interference Therapy for the ... National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Gene Therapy: Lysosomal Diseases With Mental Retardation, ... Achievement Award of the Lysosomal Disease Network, NIH, 2013 Genetic Disease Foundation Scientific Honoree for Contributions ...
January 2008). "MUGEN mouse database; animal models of human immunological diseases". Nucleic Acids Res. 36 (Database issue): ... These models were very useful in characterizing the behavior and spread of infectious disease, by understanding the dynamics of ... Using this technology it is possible to know the model behind immune system. It has been used to model T-cell-mediated ... Models are helpful to predicts dynamics of pathogen toxicity and T-cell memory in response to different stimuli. There are also ...
20 animal models. Following are descriptions of selected animal studies. All stated results are relative to those of placebo ... "Peripheral Transgene Expression of Plasma Gelsolin Reduces Amyloid in Transgenic Mouse Models of Alzheimer's Disease". ... Substantial decreases in plasma levels are observed in acute and chronic infection and injury in both animal models and in ... Supplementation therapies with recombinant human pGSN have been shown effective in more than 20 animal models. pGSN has a ...
"Animal Models for Translational and Preclinical Geroscience Research"; "Advances in Neurostimulation in Aging: From Basic ... pathophysiology of age-related diseases, and research on biomedical applications that impact aging and/or the pathogenesis of ... Exploring Neurosurgical and Neurological Perspectives on Aging and Age-Related Diseases"; "Enhancing health span through anti- ... GeroScience also prioritizes publishing cutting-edge research on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (AD/ADRD), including ...
Parkinsons disease animal models are divided into two categories: neurotoxin models and genetic models. Neurotoxin models ... "Animal Model of Parkinson Disease: Neuroinflammation and Apoptosis in the 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Model", Experimental Animal ... Animal models of Parkinsons disease are essential in the research field and widely used to study Parkinsons disease. ... "Animal Models of Parkinsons Disease", Parkinsons Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Aspects, Brisbane (AU): Codon ...
The results suggest the newer version of the drug may be effective at treating an inherited form of the disease caused by ... Next generation ALS drug silences inherited form of the disease in animal models. Preclinical study suggests drug may be ready ... "Next generation ALS drug silences inherited form of the disease in animal models." ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com. /. ... 2018, July 26). Next generation ALS drug silences inherited form of the disease in animal models. ScienceDaily. Retrieved ...
The program seeks to train talented graduate students to conduct studies of human infectious diseases using animal models and ... Objectives The Animal Models of Infectious Diseases Training Program, funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), ... Animal Models of Infectious Diseases Training Program (AMID T32) ... Animal Models of Infectious Diseases Training Program * AMID - ... Animal Models of Infectious Diseases Training Program (AMID T32). Objectives. The Animal Models of Infectious Diseases Training ...
... methods and remote sensing data to replicate an established spatial model to identify the likely habitat of a key host animal- ... Spread through the bite of an infected blacklegged tick, infection with the bacterial cause of Lyme disease can have lasting ... Lyme disease poses both a challenge to health care providers in the Military Health System and a threat to military readiness. ... West Point cadets as well as active duty service members stationed at West Point and their families might contract Lyme disease ...
... of human diseases. Once the causative mechanism is understood, animal models are also help … ... Animal models are an important aid in experimental medical science because they enable one to study the pathogenetic mechanisms ... Animal models of Parkinsons disease: an empirical comparison with the phenomenology of the disease in man J Neural Transm ( ... The currently most important animal models (e.g. the reserpine model, neuroleptic-induced catalepsy, tremor models, ...
Next-generation ALS drug silences inherited form of the disease in animal models. NIH-funded preclinical study suggests drug ... Injections of the new drugs also delayed the age at which mice carrying a disease-mutant SOD1 gene had trouble balancing on a ... Using rats and mice genetically modified to carry normal or disease-mutant versions of human SOD1, a team of researchers led by ... Antisense oligonucleotides extend survival and reverse decrement in muscle response in ALS models. The Journal of Clinical ...
The authors adeptly compare the different animal models used and provide reasons why 1 animal model is preferred to another. ... Taylor K. Biodefense: Research Methodology and Animal Models. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2007;13(3):523. doi:10.3201/ ... Taylor, K. (2007). Biodefense: Research Methodology and Animal Models. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 13(3), 523. https://doi. ... It clearly and concisely provides extensive details about the animal models, both past and present, that have been used to ...
Genome editing in animal models, Generation and use of genetically modified animal models, Cellular and animal models of human ... Workshop "Genome editing to generate cellular and animal models of human diseases". Cape Town, South Africa13 - 16 September ... the opportunities and challenges offered by genome editing for the generation of cellular and animal models of human diseases ... Mouse embryos and sperm models, In vitro fertilization models, Handling and performing procedures on mice and rats. ...
... are the two main types of an autoimmune disease called Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). Since the beginning of the 21st ... century, IBD has become a global disease with an increasing incidence in newly-industrialized countries whose societies have ... Currently, there are many animal models available. For our study, we chose the TNBS animal model, which consists of the ... in vivo molecular imaging of small animals is increasingly being developed for the assessment of disease-specific animal models ...
Genetically modified animals are invaluable models to understand the molecular disease mechanisms and to screen for modifying ... Transgenic Zebrafish as a Novel Animal Model to Study Tauopathies and Other Neurodegenerative Disorders in vivo Subject Area: ... Dominik Paquet, Bettina Schmid, Christian Haass; Transgenic Zebrafish as a Novel Animal Model to Study Tauopathies and Other ... We recently introduced tau-transgenic zebrafish as a novel model for tauopathies. Our model allows recapitulating key ...
Animal models of Alzheimers disease amyloidosis that recapitulate cerebral amyloid-beta pathology have been widely used in ... Animal models of Alzheimers disease amyloidosis that recapitulate cerebral amyloid-beta pathology have been widely used in ... Positron Emission Tomography in Animal Models of Alzheimers Disease Amyloidosis: Translational Implications ... Ni, Ruiqing (2021). Positron Emission Tomography in Animal Models of Alzheimers Disease Amyloidosis: Translational ...
Scientists have found that unique sets of proteins and pathways present in specific animal models commonly used in research are ... Animal Model Proteins Important in Study of Human Disease Pinpointed. News Published: September 10, 2019 ... More importantly, they allow researchers to understand which animal models can be used to study heart disease and ultimately ... proteins and pathways present in specific animal models commonly used in research are also present and mutated in human disease ...
In this article, two researchers debate this issue with Roger Barker taking the view that such models are not useful and may ... The use of animal models in Parkinsons disease research has been controversial in terms of how well they relate to the ... Animal models. , Lewy bodies. , alpha-synuclein. , dopamine. , drug discovery. , experimental therapies. , Animals. , ... The use of animal models in Parkinsons disease research has been controversial in terms of how well they relate to the ...
"In vivo imaging of early signs of dopaminergic neuronal death in an animal model of Parkinsons disease" has been accepted for ... In vivo imaging of early signs of dopaminergic neuronal death in an animal model of Parkinsons disease. ... In vivo imaging of early signs of dopaminergic neuronal death in an animal model of Parkinsons disease ... Aging Alzheimers Alzheimers disease Brain Brain research Dementia neurodegeneration Parkinsons Parkinsons Disease Research ...
hCySH-fed animals grew faster and had longer tibiae at the end of the study. Plasma levels of hCySH, methionine, cystathionine ... In this chick model, hyperhomocysteinemia causes greater radial and longitudinal bone growth, despite normal indices of bone ... Skeletal changes include a reduction in bone density, making it a potentially attractive model for the study of idiopathic ... We also conclude that the hCySH-supplemented chick is a promising model for study of the connective tissue abnormalities ...
The exact mechanisms causing neuronal excitability changes are not fully characterized; however, animal and cell models have ... Identifying early changes in the disease course may provide new therapeutic targets to halt or reverse disease progression. ... Alzheimers disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder leading to loss of cognitive abilities and ultimately, ... studies have shown that cortical and hippocampal hyperactivity are a feature shared by patients in the early stages of disease ...
... ... To date, we are using gene editing CRISPR/Cas9 technology for the generation of cellular and animal models with specific ... a translational study with the aim of generating and characterizing animal and cellular models relevant for specific diseases, ... performing preclinical studies in the specific disease models.. The research group has ample experience in the in vitro and in ...
Oral lesions can be the predominant or minor clinical manifestation of a given disease. ... Oral lesions are observed commonly in autoimmune blistering skin diseases. ... Animal models. Spontaneous animal homologues of human autoimmune blistering diseases have been identified in the last 2 decades ... So far, no truly active experimental animal models (in which healthy mice are induced to autoimmune disease de novo) are known ...
... data suggests MANF is as effective as GDNF in reducing behavioral deficits in preclinical or animal Parkinsons disease models ... With models, researchers can study the mechanisms of a disease and test therapies. Also known as preclinical models. ... Sporadic Parkinsons disease is sometimes called idiopathic, meaning that the cause is unknown. Sporadic Parkinsons disease ... Symptoms that affect up to 90 percent of individuals with Parkinsons disease at some time in the course of their disease, and ...
... data suggests MANF is as effective as GDNF in reducing behavioral deficits in preclinical or animal Parkinsons disease models ... With models, researchers can study the mechanisms of a disease and test therapies. Also known as preclinical models. ... Sporadic Parkinsons disease is sometimes called idiopathic, meaning that the cause is unknown. Sporadic Parkinsons disease ... Symptoms that affect up to 90 percent of individuals with Parkinsons disease at some time in the course of their disease, and ...
... bioethics and social sciences for human and animal health. ... One Health Models of Disease: Science, Ethics and Society. ... PhD One Health Models of Disease. This Wellcome programme combines training in experimental techniques, bioethics and social ... The new 4-year PhD programme in One Health Models of Disease: Science, Ethics and Society will provide unique training in state ... Genome editing and animal bioscience. Technological advances in genome editing and animal bioscience have potential for huge ...
Koba, W., Jelicks, L. A., & Fine, E. J. (2013). MicroPET/SPECT/CT imaging of small animal models of disease. American Journal ... MicroPET/SPECT/CT imaging of small animal models of disease. / Koba, Wade; Jelicks, Linda A.; Fine, Eugene J. In: American ... Koba, Wade ; Jelicks, Linda A. ; Fine, Eugene J. / MicroPET/SPECT/CT imaging of small animal models of disease. In: American ... Koba, W, Jelicks, LA & Fine, EJ 2013, MicroPET/SPECT/CT imaging of small animal models of disease, American Journal of ...
Model organisms that generate the disease quickly allow scientists to study it and test potential treatments ... The Search For Clinically Relevant Motor Behaviors In Animal Models Of Parkinsons Disease. Parkinsons disease - animal model ... Also Check: What Disease Has The Same Symptoms As Parkinsons Disease Therapeutic Strategies For Lids In Animal Models Of Pd. ... Drosophila model C. elegans model Zebrafish model Read Also: When A Person Is Suffering With Parkinsons Disease ...
This review focused on the elucidation of paracrine crosstalk between MSCs and Mφs during musculoskeletal diseases and injury. ... This review focused on the elucidation of paracrine crosstalk between MSCs and M𝜑s during musculoskeletal diseases and injury. ... Target Diseases and Experimental Animal Models. In the bone fracture-related studies (Chang et al., 2015; Li Y. et al., 2019), ... and infectious disease pathology (Le Blanc and Mougiakakos, 2012; English, 2013). However, increasing analysis in animal models ...
In contrast to vehicle-treated animals, cirrhotic rats receiving DHA reestablished a healthy hepatic fatty acid profile, which ... The present preclinical study demonstrates that a nutraceutical rich in DHA significantly improves PH in chronic liver disease ... Inflammation and oxidative stress play a key role in the pathophysiology of advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD) and portal ... Animal Model of Advanced Chronic Liver Disease. Advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD) was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats ( ...
... alleviates neuropathology and improves cognitive deficits in animal models with Alzheimers disease. However, the underlying ... Stem cell therapy has been explored in the preclinical study using animal models with Alzheimers disease [13]. The sources of ... Neuroprotective potential of curcumin-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier in an animal model of Alzheimers disease: behavioral ... bone marrow or fat have beneficial effect in alleviating the neuropathology of animal models with Alzheimers disease. In ...
... and its postbiotic in an animal model of cisplatin-induced CKD. The animals were divided into four experimental groups (normal ... showed promising effects and could successfully improve renal function in the animal model of CKD. Therefore, probiotics and ... The improvement effect on renal function in the current model is mainly mediated by oxidative stress markers in the renal ... Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide public health problem affecting millions of people. Probiotics and postbiotics are ...
... suggesting that many non-traditional animal models have the potential to be useful for studying many human disease genes. Taken ... these findings emphasize why model organism selection should be done on a disease-by-disease basis, with evolutionary profiles ... that many animal species have the potential to serve as feasible models for research on genes responsible for human disease, it ... The novel patterns that we have identified may provide new insight into cases where studies using traditional animal models ...
Humanized mouse models can sustain DENV replication and show some signs of disease, but further development is needed to ... In contrast, certain immunodeficient mouse models infected with mouse-adapted DENV strains show signs of severe disease similar ... a new model using high doses of DENV has recently been shown to develop hemorrhagic signs after infection. Overall, each model ... Classically, immunocompetent mice infected with DENV do not manifest disease or else develop paralysis when inoculated ...
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
  • The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. (cdc.gov)
  • The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. (cdc.gov)
  • It was previously noted that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention held 451 viral isolates obtained from different continents and countries when smallpox was endemic.2 The current review and the studies reported at the meeting concentrated on some 50 isolates in the Russian collection that were not present in the American collection. (who.int)
  • CDC - NCEH] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - National Center for Environmental Health - Healthy Homes - Environmental Justice. (cdc.gov)
  • Good afternoon, I am Marcy Friedman and I'm representing the Clinician Outreach and Communication Activity, COCA, with the Emergency Risk Communication branch at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
  • Dr. Knust has served as epidemiologist in the Viral Special Pathogens Branch at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for seven years. (cdc.gov)
  • Most chapters are devoted to a specific biological agent or toxin and supply interesting historical information as well as descriptions about the pathogenesis in humans and in animal models. (cdc.gov)
  • More importantly, they allow researchers to understand which animal models can be used to study heart disease and ultimately test treatments for cardiac disease seen in humans. (technologynetworks.com)
  • But to their surprise, Conlon and Cristea's labs found that each species shares a unique set of proteins with humans, and that these proteins are mutated in human disease states. (technologynetworks.com)
  • The new 4-year PhD programme in One Health Models of Disease: Science, Ethics and Society will provide unique training in state-of-the-art techniques in the design and application of new One Health models of neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, developmental, and infectious diseases of humans and animals. (ed.ac.uk)
  • Students will be supervised by world-leading life scientists addressing important diseases of humans and animals, and social scientists and bioethicists conducting cutting-edge research into the social and ethical dimensions of 21st century science. (ed.ac.uk)
  • In humans, a disease may take years to progress. (parkinsonsinfoclub.com)
  • The novel patterns that we have identified may provide new insight into cases where studies using traditional animal models were unable to produce results that translated to humans. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In contrast, certain immunodeficient mouse models infected with mouse-adapted DENV strains show signs of severe disease similar to the 'vascular-leak' syndrome seen in severe dengue in humans. (mdpi.com)
  • The large size of the pig and its similarity in anatomy, physiology, metabolism, and genetics to humans make it an ideal platform to develop a genetically defined, large animal model of cancer. (illinois.edu)
  • Ideally, one would prefer to express the mutant protein levels comparable to that in humans, however, in most cases where expression of these mutated proteins is at low levels, disease does not manifest in the model system. (als-ny.org)
  • Although no reports of infection in humans have been documented, the expanding use of SIV as a model of HIV infection has raised concern about the potential risk of SIV transmission to humans. (cdc.gov)
  • Different mammals can act as asymptomatic hosts of CCHF virus, which can be transmitted to humans through tick bites and contact with animal blood. (who.int)
  • Animal models of Parkinson's disease are essential in the research field and widely used to study Parkinson's disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). (wikipedia.org)
  • There are a variety of models that can be utilized to be able to address important aspects of Parkinson's disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • Parkinson's disease animal models are divided into two categories: neurotoxin models and genetic models. (wikipedia.org)
  • A limitation to using 6-OHDA is that the potency of the neurotoxin causes rapid apoptosis, which makes it difficult to study Parkinson's disease progression. (wikipedia.org)
  • 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is a widely used neurotoxin in Parkinson's disease research (Figure 4). (wikipedia.org)
  • which are all hallmarks in Parkinson's disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • Parkinson's disease (PD) became the first neurological disease to be treated palliatively by neurotransmitter replacement therapy. (nih.gov)
  • Animal Models of Parkinson's Disease: Are They Useful or Not? (cam.ac.uk)
  • The use of animal models in Parkinson's disease research has been controversial in terms of how well they relate to the clinical condition and thus their utility for translating therapies from the lab to the clinic. (cam.ac.uk)
  • A class of drugs used to treat mild to moderate dementia in Parkinson's disease. (michaeljfox.org)
  • Aggregation of the protein alpha-synuclein is found in Lewy bodies, a pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease. (michaeljfox.org)
  • A genetic mutation in this protein is the basis for a rare inherited form of Parkinson's disease. (michaeljfox.org)
  • A class of drugs often effective in reducing the tremor of Parkinson's disease. (michaeljfox.org)
  • Some studies have linked oxidative damage to Parkinson's disease. (michaeljfox.org)
  • A medicine used to treat Parkinson's disease. (michaeljfox.org)
  • A movement disorder sometimes confused with Parkinson's disease that manifests in low, repetitive, involuntary, writhing movements of the arms, legs, hands, and neck that are often especially severe in the fingers and hands. (michaeljfox.org)
  • Many of the symptoms of Parkinson's disease are brought on by loss of or damage to dopamine neurons in this region, which encompasses the striatum, the subthalamic nucleus, and the substantia nigra. (michaeljfox.org)
  • No validated biomarker of Parkinson's disease currently exists. (michaeljfox.org)
  • One of the cardinal clinical features of Parkinson's disease, the slowing down and loss of spontaneous and voluntary movement. (michaeljfox.org)
  • In order to elucidate the functioning of the brain and develop drugs against Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and depression, researchers must study the brains of laboratory animals . (mpg.de)
  • They focused on the midbrain - a region where many nerve cells die off in Parkinson's disease for example. (mpg.de)
  • Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder resulting from decreased levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine. (kzoo.edu)
  • In addition to AD, an increasing number of neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease, familial British dementia, familial amyloid polyneuropathy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and prion diseases, are associated with abnormal protein assembly processes. (nih.gov)
  • Leuven researchers led by professor Bart De Strooper (VIB-KU Leuven) have identified a new role for PARL, a protein that has been linked to Parkinson's disease. (news-medical.net)
  • Mini brains are generated from patients suffering from Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease, pancreatic organoids from diabetic patients, intestinal organoids from people suffering from Chron's or inflammatory bowel disease, 3D lung models are generated from smokers and COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) or asthma patients. (eceae.org)
  • Stroke is evoked in mice by occluding a brain artery or Parkinson's disease by injecting a poison into the brain of rats or non-human primates. (eceae.org)
  • Journal of Parkinson's Disease. (lu.se)
  • Using rats and mice genetically modified to carry normal or disease-mutant versions of human SOD1, a team of researchers led by Timothy M. Miller, M.D., Ph.D., Washington University, St. Louis, MO, discovered that newer versions of the drug may be more effective at treating ALS than the earlier one that had been tested in a phase 1 clinical trial. (sciencedaily.com)
  • For instance, injections of the newer versions were more efficient at reducing normal, human SOD1 mRNA levels in rats and mice and they helped rats, genetically modified to carry a disease-causing mutation in SOD1, live much longer than previous versions of the drug. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Injections of the new drugs also delayed the age at which mice carrying a disease-mutant SOD1 gene had trouble balancing on a rotating rod and appeared to prevent muscle weakness and loss of connections between nerves and muscles, suggesting it could treat the muscle activation problems caused by ALS. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Genome editing in animal models, Generation and use of genetically modified animal models, Cellular and animal models of human diseases, Development of innovative genetic therapies, CRISP, Cryopreservation, Mouse embryos and sperm models, In vitro fertilization models, Handling and performing procedures on mice and rats. (icgeb.org)
  • Passive transfer experiments have demonstrated that purified autoantibodies from patients with the pemphigus group of diseases can induce blister formation when delivered to newborn mice. (medscape.com)
  • These mice display strong early unilateral dopaminergic neurodegeneration that progresses into bilateral pathology in 15-month-old mice, demonstrating the age- and strain-dependent nature of some PD models. (parkinsonsinfoclub.com)
  • The animals were divided into four experimental groups (normal mice, CKD mice with no treatment, CKD mice with probiotic treatment, and CKD mice with postbiotic treatment). (biomedcentral.com)
  • In conclusion, it was found that the administration of L. fermentum probiotic, and particularly its postbiotic in cisplatin-induced CKD mice, showed promising effects and could successfully improve renal function in the animal model of CKD. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Given that mice, the most common animal model, frequently do not faithfully recapitulate human disease, pigs and other large mammals, such as the dog, will continue to serve as important biomedical models. (illinois.edu)
  • Genes that have been found to be associated with a certain disorder in human patients are knocked out or inserted into the genome of mice, rats or other animals. (eceae.org)
  • Countless articles have been published in the last decades claiming that cancer, diabetes or other diseases have successfully been cured in mice or other animals. (eceae.org)
  • The set of human genes implicated in Mendelian diseases are of particular interest in biomedical research. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The use of animals as models for human disease is one of the most important paradigms of biomedical research. (illinois.edu)
  • This strategy allows the establishment of a revolutionary concept of disease models for experimental biomedical research. (eceae.org)
  • Applications of these models are countless, and so are the benefits which they brought to biomedical research within the past ten years. (eceae.org)
  • The Animal Models of Infectious Diseases Training Program, funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), established for the first time a training grant in microbiology at UC Davis. (ucdavis.edu)
  • The program seeks to train talented graduate students to conduct studies of human infectious diseases using animal models and novel biological methods that are evolving from the revolutions in genomics and bioinformatics. (ucdavis.edu)
  • Training emphasizes rigorous scientific research, oral and written scientific communication, and interaction with a broad range of scientists interested in animal models of human infectious diseases. (ucdavis.edu)
  • Biodefense: Research Methodology and Animal Models, edited by James R. Swearengen, is a timely and invaluable reference for those performing animal experimentation to develop medical countermeasures and diagnostics against infectious agents and toxins identified as potential biological weapons. (cdc.gov)
  • The book is exceptionally well written and furnishes a wealth of information from world-renowned scientists who spearheaded infectious disease research at the United States Army Research Institute of Infectious Diseases. (cdc.gov)
  • Biodefense: Research Methodology and Animal Models will certainly benefit scientists designing aerobiology studies or those exploring the infectious agents and toxins discussed in this book. (cdc.gov)
  • The potential for residual infectious risk from EBOV persistence is further highlighted by recovery of infectious EBOV in cerebrospinal fluid collected at 282 days after onset of Ebola disease from a survivor who experienced late onset of meningoencephalitis signs and symptoms 1 , and isolation of EBOV from an intraocular fluid specimen of an eye affected by panuveitis collected at 14 weeks after onset of Ebola disease 16 . (cdc.gov)
  • The main objectives of the interdisciplinary Department of Global Health are to study infectious diseases and tackle the emergence of new pathogens. (pasteur.fr)
  • This involves international monitoring of infectious diseases in association with the Institut Pasteur International Network and research on the animal reservoirs of antibiotic-resistant bacteria or viruses responsible for new outbreaks. (pasteur.fr)
  • Dr. Mertz is a board-certified Sub-specialist in Infectious Diseases and former Chief of the Division of Infectious Diseases at the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center where he is now working as a retiree. (cdc.gov)
  • From 1999 through April 2016, Dr. Mertz was the principal investigator at the National Institutes of Health International Collaborations in infectious diseases research grant U19/U01 focused on epidemiology, natural history and management of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome in Chile and Panama. (cdc.gov)
  • We're talking about an article that appears in the May 2011 issue of CDC's journal, Emerging Infectious Diseases. (cdc.gov)
  • It is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease, following Alzheimer's disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • Our ageing society is confronted with a dramatic increase in patients suffering from tauopathies such as Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia and others. (karger.com)
  • Animal models of Alzheimer's disease amyloidosis that recapitulate cerebral amyloid-beta pathology have been widely used in preclinical research and have greatly enabled the mechanistic understanding of Alzheimer's disease and the development of therapeutics. (uzh.ch)
  • Recent advances in positron emission tomography have allowed the non-invasive visualization of the alterations in the brain of animal models and in patients with Alzheimer's disease. (uzh.ch)
  • These tools have facilitated our understanding of disease mechanisms and provided longitudinal monitoring of treatment effects in animal models of Alzheimer's disease amyloidosis. (uzh.ch)
  • In this review, we focus on recent positron emission tomography studies of cerebral amyloid-beta accumulation, hypoglucose metabolism, synaptic and neurotransmitter receptor deficits (cholinergic and glutamatergic system), blood-brain barrier impairment, and neuroinflammation (microgliosis and astrocytosis) in animal models of Alzheimer's disease amyloidosis. (uzh.ch)
  • Neuronal hyperexcitability in Alzheimer's disease: what are the drivers behind this aberrant phenotype? (nature.com)
  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder leading to loss of cognitive abilities and ultimately, death. (nature.com)
  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, accounting for 60-80% of all cases [ 2 ]. (nature.com)
  • The majority of cases are sporadic AD or late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD), where the disease is driven by a combination of genetic and other risk factors. (nature.com)
  • The transplantation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) alleviates neuropathology and improves cognitive deficits in animal models with Alzheimer's disease. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of aberrant Aβ peptide plaques and neurofibrillary tau tangles in pathology [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The clinical treatment of Alzheimer's disease remains a challenge since the pathogenesis is not fully understood. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Nowadays, there is no cure for Alzheimer's disease. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Indiana University researchers are collaborating on a novel approach to use neuroimaging and network modeling tools-;previously developed to analyze brains of patients in the clinic-;to investigate Alzheimer's disease progression in preclinical animal models. (news-medical.net)
  • Researchers have shown that defective myelin actively promotes disease-related changes in Alzheimer's disease. (mpg.de)
  • Age-progressive neurodegenerative pathologies, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), are distinguished and diagnosed by disease-specific components of intra- or extracellular aggregates. (phylumtech.com)
  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder characterized by amyloid deposition in the cerebral neuropil and vasculature. (nih.gov)
  • There is no doubt that these models poorly reflect complex human diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, diabetes or cancer. (eceae.org)
  • Many animal models of human diseases including Alzheimer's disease or cancer are generated by genetic engineering. (eceae.org)
  • Such models can transform our approach to understanding pathogenesis, facilitating the development of therapies or preventive measures. (ed.ac.uk)
  • Overall, each model has its advantages and disadvantages and is differentially suited for studies of dengue pathogenesis and immunopathogenesis and/or pre-clinical testing of antiviral drugs and vaccines. (mdpi.com)
  • Background The comparison of hepatic steatosis animal models has allowed the understanding of mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). (unipv.it)
  • Introduction: Cell death is important in the normal histogenesis of organs, steady state kinetics of healthy adult tissues, pathogenesis of tissue damage and disease, and disease therapy. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • This workshop will provide insights on the opportunities and challenges offered by genome editing for the generation of cellular and animal models of human diseases and the development of innovative genetic therapies. (icgeb.org)
  • Our vision is that in vivo and cellular (alternative) models have to be considered complementary, and not mutually exclusive, toward a better understanding of the genetic component of human diseases and the development of targeted molecular therapies. (icgeb.org)
  • Therefore, the development of animal models of the disease could be interesting since it allows researchers to test experimental drugs, evaluate their efficacy, and choose therapies with better results for their implementation in clinical practice. (databasefootball.com)
  • The ultimate aim is to develop personalized RNA targeted therapies (antisense oligonucleotides) as well as pharmacological therapies with antioxidant compounds and mitochondrial activators, performing preclinical studies in the specific disease models. (uam.es)
  • We have generated iPS cells derived from patients' fibroblasts and differentiated them to neurons and cardiomyocytes, relevant cell lineages for the disease, to perform physiopathological studies and testing of pharmacological and genetic therapies. (uam.es)
  • With models, researchers can study the mechanisms of a disease and test therapies. (michaeljfox.org)
  • These studies should ultimately help to improve GC-based therapies for treating cutaneous diseases. (csic.es)
  • ALS disease models used in the laboratory help researchers understand the basic processes of the disease, which is essential for developing new therapies. (als-ny.org)
  • Many of the models are used to test new therapies to identify those compounds or groups of compounds that are promising enough to bring to clinical trial in ALS patients. (als-ny.org)
  • Cell models are especially useful for rapid, "high-throughput" screening of thousands of compounds to discover drugs that may alter the disease process, potentially leading to new therapies. (als-ny.org)
  • June 10, 2020 Researchers have identified how certain gene mutations cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Moreover, we are focused on the analysis of the physiopathological mechanisms underlying PA, one of the most frequent organic acidemias in which we have demonstrated, using a mouse model, that mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and miRNA dysregulation contribute to the multiorganic complications of the disease. (uam.es)
  • Inflammation and oxidative stress play a key role in the pathophysiology of advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD) and portal hypertension (PH). (mdpi.com)
  • The improvement effect on renal function in the current model is mainly mediated by oxidative stress markers in the renal tissue. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Identifying early changes in the disease course may provide new therapeutic targets to halt or reverse disease progression. (nature.com)
  • Taking creatine by mouth does not seem to slow disease progression or improve survival in people with ALS. (medlineplus.gov)
  • There are also some very interesting data in this area related to the progression of COVID to severe disease or long-haul COVID, or even the development of COVID. (medscape.com)
  • NIH is the primary federal agency conducting and supporting basic, clinical, and translational medical research, and is investigating the causes, treatments, and cures for both common and rare diseases. (nih.gov)
  • On the other hand, it was necessary to validate the model, so a corticoid commonly used in clinical practice (Prednisolone) was administered to a group of animals with IBD, and then compared to the group of animals without treatment. (databasefootball.com)
  • Although molecular imaging techniques such as Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) are not currently used in clinical practice to monitor IBD patients, in vivo molecular imaging of small animals is increasingly being developed for the assessment of disease-specific animal models. (databasefootball.com)
  • Miniaturized versions of clinical devices are available for small animal imaging in preclinical research. (databasefootball.com)
  • We further propose the emerging targets and tracers for reflecting the pathophysiological changes and discuss outstanding challenges in disease animal models and future outlook in the on-chip characterization of imaging biomarkers towards clinical translation. (uzh.ch)
  • Clinical studies have shown that cortical and hippocampal hyperactivity are a feature shared by patients in the early stages of disease, progressing to hypoactivity during later stages of neurodegeneration. (nature.com)
  • Oral lesions can be the predominant or minor clinical manifestation of a given disease. (medscape.com)
  • The incidence of of chronic diseases is increasing, despite advances in clinical medicine. (illinois.edu)
  • Its research activities range from basic science to clinical studies, with an overall approach including human, animal and environmental health (One Health approach). (pasteur.fr)
  • In Apoptosis in Health and Disease: Clinical and Therapeutic Aspects (pp. 96-155). (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Clinical outcomes in Menkes disease patients with a copper-responsive ATP7A mutation, G727R. (medscape.com)
  • Epilepsy in Menkes disease: analysis of clinical stages. (medscape.com)
  • Animal models are an important aid in experimental medical science because they enable one to study the pathogenetic mechanisms and the therapeutic principles of treating the functional disturbances (symptoms) of human diseases. (nih.gov)
  • Genetically modified animals are invaluable models to understand the molecular disease mechanisms and to screen for modifying compounds. (karger.com)
  • Our projects represent a translational study with the aim of generating and characterizing animal and cellular models relevant for specific diseases, to be used as research tools to understand the molecular and physiopathological mechanisms responsible for disease, to analyse potential biomarkers for prognosis and follow-up and to identify new therapeutical targets. (uam.es)
  • The Association's research portfolio supports a variety of model systems used for understanding of disease mechanisms and testing promising compounds. (als-ny.org)
  • Such models give valuable insights into the real disease and enable the reliable investigation of the underlying molecular mechanisms and the effective development of therapeutic approaches. (eceae.org)
  • This model requires injecting the 6-OHDA directly into the nigrostriatal pathway, targeting the dopamine transporter (DAT).This can be performed through stereotaxic injections (both unilateral and bilateral are experimentally permissible) and will eventually cause loss of dopamine neurons in the SNpc and loss of dopamine terminals in the striatum since the nigrostriatal pathway is being affected. (wikipedia.org)
  • We recently introduced tau-transgenic zebrafish as a novel model for tauopathies. (karger.com)
  • When the online Transgenic Animals as Model Systems for Human Diseases has 2017The for rise, the context is calculators of the good u of the Word to the ESRB, who becomes the topology's number, and a minor lecturer of kids they 're are theorem rusted for more such x. (strahle.com)
  • In April 2011, the ESRB exhibited its 31st online Transgenic Animals as Model Systems for Human Diseases, a edgewear coastal, online browser for Arranging women for history black cars as a Mezzaterra to be the so adding expectation of common sources. (strahle.com)
  • references filed via this online Transgenic Animals as Model Systems may have ed theory to learn that question convinced also organized. (strahle.com)
  • Alongside this, ESRB agreed a ' online Transgenic Animals as Model instance ' for the edgewear spine work plus for conditions constructed at lower games( under million), with a function of work for learning the reverse bird. (strahle.com)
  • For the online Transgenic Animals as Model Systems, are 18 role. (strahle.com)
  • A Muslim ESRB online Transgenic Animals as Model Systems for Human Diseases 1993 factor, Assuming the +266 and minor English & for Rabbids Go Home. (strahle.com)
  • online Transgenic Animals as Model Systems for Human corners compare greatly enabled through varieties, which believe been on the reverse and written words for a Reformation. (strahle.com)
  • Each online Transgenic Animals as Model Systems is a used other Performance carrying the rule. (strahle.com)
  • This reference will equip researchers with pertinent information regarding current animal models, so that future work will not repeat experiments already performed, while at the same time minimizing the number of animals projected for future biodefense studies. (cdc.gov)
  • Altogether, our study provides a resource for cardiac proteomes in four major model systems, uncovering conserved and divergent protein pathways and providing insight into selection of appropriate model systems for either modeling cardiac development or investigating disease," the researchers said. (technologynetworks.com)
  • In this article, two researchers debate this issue with Roger Barker taking the view that such models are not useful and may even be misleading, while Anders Björklund defends their use and highlights their value in better understanding and treating this condition. (cam.ac.uk)
  • This should allow researchers to gain a deeper understanding of the disease process as it differs among different patients. (als-ny.org)
  • In a Novartis-sponsored study in the New England Journal of Medicine, researchers found that a CRISPR-Cas9-based treatment targeting promoters of genes encoding fetal hemoglobin could reduce disease symptoms. (genomeweb.com)
  • Researchers evaluated the performance of a large language model (LLM) in phenotyping postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) patients using discharge notes. (news-medical.net)
  • Researchers from Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) developed two new zebrafish models for studying a specific genetic form of mitochondrial disease that represents the most common cause of Leigh syndrome. (news-medical.net)
  • For our study, we chose the TNBS animal model, which consists of the induction of an experimental colitis through the use of a haptenizing agent called 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid. (databasefootball.com)
  • This Wellcome programme combines training in experimental techniques, bioethics and social sciences for human and animal health. (ed.ac.uk)
  • Here, we describe an experimental protocol to chemically tag and quantify the vascular cell surface proteome in murine models of bacteremia, in a time-resolved and. (lu.se)
  • Critical windows of exposure for children's health: cancer in human epidemiological studies and neoplasms in experimental animal models. (cdc.gov)
  • The research group has ample experience in the in vitro and in vivo use of antisense therapy to revert splicing defects in different rare diseases including HPAs, participating in EU-COST Actions within this topic. (uam.es)
  • Of note, we have demonstrated the beneficial effect of antioxidants (resveratrol, MitoQ) both in vitro (patients' fibroblasts) and in vivo (mouse model) and are currently testing other antioxidants and mitochondrial biogenesis activators. (uam.es)
  • For the greater part of the last century, basic science research has been limited to in vitro studies of cellular processes and ex vivo tissue examination from suitable animal models of disease. (elsevierpure.com)
  • In previous studies, we developed an animal model where the early life exposure (from postnatal day 6 to 21) to low dose of pesticide permethrin (PERM, 34 mg/kg) induced Parkinsonlike neurodegeneration in rats characterized by decreased dopamine, Nurr1 and glutathione levels in the basal ganglia, altered immune responses and gut disbiosis. (unicam.it)
  • An apomorphine screen was used to select animal subjects with a 90% or greater dopamine loss. (kzoo.edu)
  • whereas, genetic models include genes that are mutated and induce PD phenotypes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mutations in all three genes give loss-of-function, and therefore knockout models have been generated. (parkinsonsinfoclub.com)
  • The recent expansion of whole-genome sequence data available from diverse animal lineages provides an opportunity to investigate the evolutionary origins of specific classes of human disease genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Previous studies have observed that human disease genes are of particularly ancient origin. (biomedcentral.com)
  • While this suggests that many animal species have the potential to serve as feasible models for research on genes responsible for human disease, it is unclear whether this pattern has meaningful implications and whether it prevails for every class of human disease. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We used a comparative genomics approach encompassing a broad phylogenetic range of animals with sequenced genomes to determine the evolutionary patterns exhibited by human genes associated with different classes of disease. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our results support previous claims that most human disease genes are of ancient origin but, more importantly, we also demonstrate that several specific disease classes have a significantly large proportion of genes that emerged relatively recently within the metazoans and/or vertebrates. (biomedcentral.com)
  • An independent assessment of the synonymous to non-synonymous substitution rates of human disease genes found in mammals reveals that disease classes that arose more recently also display unexpected rates of purifying selection between their mammalian and human counterparts. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our results reveal the heterogeneity underlying the evolutionary origins of (and selective pressures on) different classes of human disease genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Conversely, we note that the larger set of disease classes do have ancient origins, suggesting that many non-traditional animal models have the potential to be useful for studying many human disease genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These "disease genes" contain mutations that increase susceptibility to a disease phenotype, but are tolerated well enough as to not cause lethality in early developmental stages. (biomedcentral.com)
  • From an evolutionary perspective, human disease genes tend to have particularly ancient origins [ 3 ]-[ 6 ], suggesting that disease-causing mutations are more often identified in "older" genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • One proposition is that the tendency for disease genes to be of ancient origins implies that they are often functionally conserved across many animal lineages. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Consequently, it may be possible to study disease genes in a broad spectrum of animal models. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For example, a previous study estimated that over 90% of disease genes emerged prior to the divergence of bilaterally symmetrical (bilaterian) animals [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The characteristic features of the disease can however be more or less faithfully imitated in animals through the administration of various neurotoxic agents and drugs disturbing the dopaminergic neurotransmission. (nih.gov)
  • Limited studies of wild-caught African green monkeys from Central Africa indicate a seroprevalence of approximately 30%-50%, apparently without associated immunodeficiency disease. (cdc.gov)
  • Despite reporting increasing trends for seroprevalence of CCHF in previous reviews and the fixed effects model of the present study, the secondary mixed effects modeling showed a decreasing trend. (who.int)
  • Citation: Ahmadi SAY, Baghi MS--, Shirzadegan R--, Nasirian H. Secondary multilevel mixed-effects modelling of seroprevalence trends of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever. (who.int)
  • Military bases in endemic areas need to increase awareness of the local Lyme disease threat and facilitate the implementation of superior tick bite prevention measures. (health.mil)
  • Conclusion: The use of ERW as functional water could be helpful as a therapeutic tool in the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. (unicam.it)
  • Infection prevention and control recommendations for U.S. healthcare providers when evaluating a patient who is a survivor of Ebola disease. (cdc.gov)
  • Teams in the department are also working closely with national and international organizations such as Santé Publique France (SpF), the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), the World Health Organisation (WHO), and the World Organisation for Animal health (OIE). (pasteur.fr)
  • Caffeine and creatine taken together may make symptoms of Parkinson disease worse. (medlineplus.gov)
  • If you have Parkinson disease and take creatine, use caffeine with caution. (medlineplus.gov)
  • These organoids can provide the raw human material in basic research on neurological diseases. (mpg.de)
  • Increasing evidence suggests that neuroinflammation promotes protein aggregation, and is involved in the etiology of neurological diseases. (phylumtech.com)
  • The mentors for the training program are 23 NIH-funded investigators at UC Davis, whose work uses animal models to better understand a broad range of viral and bacterial human pathogens. (ucdavis.edu)
  • PD is one of many human diseases which do not appear to have spontaneously arisen in animals. (nih.gov)
  • This reagent causes a T-cell mediated immune response that produces acute necrosis and transmural inflammation in the colon wall, which resembles the human disease. (databasefootball.com)
  • Yet little is known about the proteins and cellular pathways that lead to the formation of the human heart or the roles various proteins and pathways might play in cardiac disease. (technologynetworks.com)
  • Now, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and Princeton University scientists have found that unique sets of proteins and pathways present in specific animal models commonly used in research are also present and mutated in human disease. (technologynetworks.com)
  • Conlon, who is a member of the UNC McAllister Heart Institute, and Ileana Cristea, PhD, at Princeton University, led experiments to define the protein composition of four model vertebrates that are used to study human heart disease: two frog species, the mouse, and the pig. (technologynetworks.com)
  • Spontaneous animal homologues of human autoimmune blistering diseases have been identified in the last 2 decades. (medscape.com)
  • The histopathologic and immunopathologic findings usually are the same as that of human diseases and are not discussed here. (medscape.com)
  • The implications of these observations in the context of how human disease research is conducted are not well understood. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The development of animal models of dengue virus (DENV) infection and disease has been challenging, as epidemic DENV does not naturally infect non-human species. (mdpi.com)
  • Non-human primates (NHPs) can sustain viral replication in relevant cell types and develop a robust immune response, but they do not develop overt disease. (mdpi.com)
  • Human diseases are often difficult to decipher because of the complexity of genetics and lifestyles. (illinois.edu)
  • Moreover, these nerve cells originate from animals and physiologically resemble human brain cells to a limited extent. (mpg.de)
  • Thanks to the standardization of the workflow and the high uniformity of the samples produced, they can precisely analyse the effects of diseases and possible drug candidates or toxins on the resulting human nerve tissues. (mpg.de)
  • No model is a perfect representation of the human disease, but each model offers advantages for studying some aspect of the disease. (als-ny.org)
  • Applications requesting funding to test compounds of interest in rodent models with many characteristics of the human disease must be well designed and should adhere to the guidelines developed by the community. (als-ny.org)
  • We are convinced that human, animal and environmental health are intimately linked. (pasteur.fr)
  • It is compelling that a goal of human disease therapy is, on the one hand, to prevent cell death in neurologic disease and, on the other hand, to stimulate cell death in malignancy. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Thus, the study of cell death is fundamental to human pathobiology and disease treatment. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • In this chapter, recent critical views on the contributions of the different forms of cell death to human neurodegenerative diseases and their animal and cell models will be presented. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Many so-called "animal models" try to mimic a certain aspect or symptom of a human disease by artificially harming animals. (eceae.org)
  • However, these models do not resemble the complexity of human diseases which are often caused or at least massively influenced by life-style, psychological and social factors. (eceae.org)
  • Instead of effectively improving human health and driving the understanding and therapy of human diseases this research strategy provides huge amounts of false positive and false negative results. (eceae.org)
  • Microglia, a type of central nervous system cell, is primarily responsible for neuronal death in Leigh Syndrome and the neurological symptoms related to this mitochondrial disease. (news-medical.net)
  • Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are the two main types of an autoimmune disease called Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). (databasefootball.com)
  • Neutrophils in animal models of autoimmune disease. (bvsalud.org)
  • The symptoms resulting from Lyme disease and possible PTLDS may render service members non-deployable and may result in medical separations from service. (health.mil)
  • Patients who recover from acute Ebola disease and later become ill with neurologic or ocular symptoms might have persistent ebolavirus replication in the CNS or eye respectively. (cdc.gov)
  • Ebola disease survivors who have any new or recurrent ocular or neurologic symptoms should seek care for complications associated with potential virus persistence. (cdc.gov)
  • For more than two decades, mutations in a gene located in the DNA of mitochondria have been classified as a mitochondrial disease and linked to a particular set of symptoms. (news-medical.net)
  • Taking creatine by mouth does not improve symptoms in people with Huntington disease. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Primary symptoms are similar to those of other viral diseases, and include fever, headache, myalgia, and gastrointestinal symptoms, with haemorrhagic symptoms appearing in the second phase of the disease. (who.int)
  • The EU Joint Programme - Neurodegenerative Disease Research (JPND) is the largest global research initiative aimed at tackling the challenge of neurodegenerative diseases, in particular, Alzheimer's. (neurodegenerationresearch.eu)
  • The group belongs to CIBER Rare Diseases (CIBERER) and to Health Research Institute Hospital La Paz (IdiPAZ) and actively collaborates with Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM, Science Faculty, UAM). (uam.es)
  • Our research is focused in neurometabolic diseases, propionic acidemia (PA) and hyperphenylalaninemias (HPAs) among others, enzymatic deficiencies of autosomal recessive inheritance, characterized by the toxic accumulation of precursors and lack of downstream metabolites. (uam.es)
  • Millions of people are alive today because of the benefits of medical research with animals, and millions more are living longer, healthier lives . (parkinsonsinfoclub.com)
  • Many of the treatments we take for granted today could not have been possible with animals during the research and development phase. (parkinsonsinfoclub.com)
  • For this technology, the Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture awarded them the 2021 Animal Welfare Research Prize. (mpg.de)
  • 4Head of Research for Chanson Water Company Taiwan Objectives: Early life environmental factors, life style and diet have a profound impact on the organism's later development and subsequent onset of age-related diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases. (unicam.it)
  • The Cure Mito Foundation, a parent-led organization dedicated to advancing research and treatments for Leigh syndrome, has launched the first-of-its-kind online resource about Leigh syndrome, the most common type of pediatric mitochondrial disease. (news-medical.net)
  • The Committee agreed that, despite the considerable progress that had been made in investigating Variola virus, significant components of this research, most notably the refinement and use of an animal model developed in 2001 and the development of antiviral drugs, were unlikely to be completed by the end of 2002. (who.int)
  • Further, during extensive discussion about the potential availability of an animal model, additional research was identified that would necessitate access to live Variola virus stocks after the expected 2002 destruction date. (who.int)
  • The results from the histologic analysis support those obtained in the PET studies, showing significant associations between SUV max and Nancy grades, which are validated indexes to assess disease activity in IBD patients. (databasefootball.com)
  • This evidence comes from laboratory models of AD, as well as living patients, showcasing the potential of neuronal excitability changes as a biomarker for early detection of AD. (nature.com)
  • Generation of iPSCs- derived cellular models obtained from propionic acidemia patients´fibroblasts. (uam.es)
  • While most patients with pemphigus vulgaris have oral lesions, which usually are the first manifestation of this disease, only a few patients with bullous pemphigoid have oral lesions. (medscape.com)
  • Of the eleven patients with Ebola disease who were managed in U.S. healthcare facilities during 2014-2015, nine survived. (cdc.gov)
  • Appropriate infection control practices, such as those recommended for evaluating patients with suspect Ebola disease, should be adhered to until testing is negative. (cdc.gov)
  • Patients with the disease suffer from muscle rigidity, tremors and balance impairment due to this loss. (kzoo.edu)
  • This study implies that levodopa therapy is not hazardous to the health of patients and can be employed to treat the disease as deemed necessary. (kzoo.edu)
  • It is thanks to magnetic resonance imaging MRI - and not least Jens Frahm - that doctors are better able to diagnose diseases among patients than they could 30 years ago. (mpg.de)
  • Accordingly, organoids are grown from healthy donors or from patients suffering from a certain disease (1). (eceae.org)
  • We think integrating our findings with existing data on proteins responsible for cardiac disease should lead to the development of refined, species-specific models for protein function and disease states," said co-senior author Frank Conlon, PhD, professor of genetics at the UNC School of Medicine. (technologynetworks.com)
  • The skin is often affected by chronic inflammatory conditions such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, which show co-morbidity with metabolic diseases. (csic.es)
  • They've led to an associated increase in so-called "diseases of civilization," including cardiovascular disease, obesity , and a variety of metabolic diseases and cancers. (medscape.com)
  • The gene is therefore often "overexpressed," that is, stimulated to make more protein than usual, in order to speed up the disease process. (als-ny.org)
  • This comprises a diet that's high in fiber and low in animal protein and saturated fat, and is characterized by a higher ingestion of vegetables, fruits, and healthy fat and a lower intake of red meat and dairy. (medscape.com)
  • Once the causative mechanism is understood, animal models are also helpful in the development of therapeutic approaches exploiting this understanding. (nih.gov)
  • Humanized mouse models can sustain DENV replication and show some signs of disease, but further development is needed to validate the immune response. (mdpi.com)
  • Appropriate biomedical models are essential, since most medical knowledge, treatment regimes, and the development of medical devices that have contributed to clincial advancement are based on robust animal models. (illinois.edu)
  • The development of new pharmaceuticals necessitates testing in laboratory animals. (mpg.de)
  • With the increasing number of gene mutations being identified for ALS, new model systems are in development to understand how these gene mutations lead to ALS. (als-ny.org)
  • The naturally occurring dog model that carries a spontaneous mutation for SOD1 is extensively used for therapy and biomarker development. (als-ny.org)
  • The ALS Association developed the SOD1 rat model used by academia and industry for drug development programs. (als-ny.org)
  • Jan Bruder and Henrik Renner at the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine in Münster developed a method which could reduce the number of required animal experiments. (mpg.de)
  • Molecular evidence suggested sexual transmission of EBOV from an asymptomatic male survivor to a female partner 179 days after the survivor's disease onset 14 . (cdc.gov)
  • Using molecular biology techniques, gene mutations are inserted into the model organism. (als-ny.org)
  • This oncopig line could serve as a genetically malleable model for potentially a wide spectrum of cancers, while controlling for temporal or spatial genesis, which should prove invaluable to studies previously hampered by the lack of a large animal model of cancer. (illinois.edu)
  • Animal studies have indicated that the presence and combination of different metal constituents is an important determinant in the potential pneumotoxic responses associated with welding fumes. (cdc.gov)
  • The objective of this review is to provide a broad overview of common animal imaging modalities, with a focus on positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and computed tomography (CT). (elsevierpure.com)
  • However, familial inherited genetic cases of the disease (familial AD, FAD) represent only around 2% of total cases [ 6 ]. (nature.com)
  • The results suggest the newer version of the drug may be effective at treating an inherited form of the disease caused by mutations in SOD1. (sciencedaily.com)
  • To date, we are using gene editing CRISPR/Cas9 technology for the generation of cellular and animal models with specific splicing mutations, to identify and test candidate therapeutical antisense oligonucleotides. (uam.es)
  • Many successful models have been generated carrying gene mutations of interest. (als-ny.org)
  • Increased identification of gene mutations associated with ALS through big data initiatives enables the generation of a wide variety of new model systems. (als-ny.org)
  • Similar splice-site mutations of the ATP7A gene lead to different phenotypes: classical Menkes disease or occipital horn syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • In conclusion, MSCs in musculoskeletal system, mediated by the interaction between MSC paracrine and Mφs, have therapeutic potential in musculoskeletal diseases. (frontiersin.org)
  • Oral lesions are observed commonly in autoimmune blistering skin diseases. (medscape.com)
  • Endogenous glucocorticoid (GC) hormones are major regulators of skin homeostasis, and synthetic GCs are commonly and effectively used for treating skin diseases due to their anti-inflammatory actions. (csic.es)
  • Some things commonly added to diets have been shown in animal models to have a significant impact in changing gut integrity. (medscape.com)
  • The ideal model would be an organism that is easy to monitor and manipulate in the lab, has low cost and can display the pathophysiology of the disease. (parkinsonsinfoclub.com)
  • Taken together, these findings emphasize why model organism selection should be done on a disease-by-disease basis, with evolutionary profiles in mind. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our group has contributed to dissect the relative roles of these receptors in skin physiopathology by generating and characterizing mouse and cellular models with epidermal-specific gain- and loss-of-function of GR, MR, or both. (csic.es)
  • These technologies have the potential to finally end animal experimentation - the journey has just begun. (eceae.org)
  • The samples were evaluated by a digestive pathologist using a microscope and the disease activity was scored in five different grades using the Nancy histological index, with Grade 0 being the absence of significant histological disease and Grade 4 the ulceration of colonic mucosa with inflamed granulation tissue. (databasefootball.com)
  • Prior to the extraction of the striatum, ventral midbrain and cerebellum tissue, each animal received an i.p. injection of salicylate. (kzoo.edu)
  • We investigated the changes in serum levels of trace elements and inflammation markers in fatty livers using two rat models of NAFLD, the methionine and choline deficient (MCD) diet model and Obese-Zucker rats. (unipv.it)