Cymbopogon
Oils, Volatile
Haemonchus
Trichostrongylus
Sucrose mobilization in relation to essential oil biogenesis during palmarosa (Cymbopogon martinii Roxb. Wats. var. motia) inflorescence development. (1/27)
Palmarosa inflorescence with partially opened spikelets is biogenetically active to incorporate [U-14C]sucrose into essential oil. The percent distribution of 14C-radioactivity incorporated into geranyl acetate was relatively higher as compared to that in geraniol, the major essential oil constituent of palmarosa. At the partially opened spikelet stage, more of the geraniol synthesized was acetylated to form geranyl acetate, suggesting that majority of the newly synthesized geraniol undergoes acetylation, thus producing more geranyl acetate. In vitro development of palmarosa inflorescence, fed with [U-14C]sucrose, resulted in a substantial reduction in percent label from geranyl acetate with a corresponding increase in free geraniol, thereby suggesting the role of an esterase in the production of geraniol from geranyl acetate. At time course measurement of 14CO2 incorporation into geraniol and geranyl acetate substantiated this observation. Soluble acid invertase was the major enzyme involved in the sucrose breakdown throughout the inflorescence development. The activities of cell wall bound acid invertase, alkaline invertase and sucrose synthase were relatively lower as compared to the soluble acid invertase. Sucrose to reducing sugars ratio decreased till fully opened spikelets stage, concomitant with increased acid invertase activity and higher metabolic activity. The phenomenon of essential oil biosynthesis has been discussed in relation to changes in these physiological parameters. (+info)Immune response inhibits associative learning in insects. (2/27)
In vertebrates, it is well established that there are many intricate interactions between the immune system and the nervous system, and vice versa. Regarding insects, until now little has been known about the link between these two systems. Here, we present behavioural evidence indicating a link between the immune system and the nervous system in insects. We show that otherwise non-infected honeybees whose immune systems are challenged by a non-pathogenic immunogenic elicitor lipopolysaccharide (LPS) have reduced abilities to associate an odour with sugar reward in a classical conditioning paradigm. The cost of an immune response therefore not only affects survival of the host, as previously shown, but also everyday behaviour and memory formation. (+info)Evaluation of repellent action of Cymbopogan martinii martinii Stapf var sofia oil against Anopheles sundaicus in tribal villages of Car Nicobar Island, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India. (3/27)
A field study was carried out to evaluate the mosquito repellent action of Cymbopogan martinii martinii Stapf var sofia oil in tribal village of Car Nicobar Island. Results revealed that application of 1 ml of the oil provided 98.7% protection in indoor and 96.52% in outdoor conditions during 12 h period of observation from the bites of An. sundaicus. Cymbopogan martinii martinii Stapf var sofia oil is an indigenous product, its application is safe and can be widely used for protection from malaria. (+info)Repellency of citronella for head lice: double-blind randomized trial of efficacy and safety. (4/27)
BACKGROUND: Head lice move easily from head to head. The lack of safe, effective repellents leads to reinfestation. OBJECTIVES: To test the efficacy of a slow-release citronella formulation as a repellent against the head louse. METHODS: During 4 months in 2003 a randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind clinical study was conducted in four elementary schools; 103 children were treated with the test formulation and 95 with a placebo. RESULTS: A significant difference was observed during the second examination 2 months later, when 12.0% of the children treated with the test repellent and 50.5% of those treated with placebo were infested with lice. A significant difference was also observed at the third examination 2 months later, when 12.4% of the children treated with the test repellent and 33.7% treated with placebo were infested. Overall, there were significant differences between those treated with the repellent and those treated with the placebo (15.4% and 55.1% respectively, P < 0.0001). Side effects were observed in 4.4% of children who disliked the odor of the formulation, and an additional 1.0% who complained of a slight itching and burning sensation. CONCLUSIONS: Use of an effective repellent could significantly lower the incidence of reinfestations, which would lower expenditure on lice control, including pediculicides, combs and products for nit removal, and the time spent on treatment and removal of the nits. (+info)Larvicidal, ovicidal and repellent activities of Cymbopogan citratus Stapf (Graminae) essential oil against the filarial mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) (Diptera : Culicidae). (5/27)
Essential oils extracted by steam distillation from Cymbopogan citratus were evaluated for larvicidal, ovicidal and repellent activities against the filarial mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus. The larval mortality was observed after 24 hours treatment. The LC(50) values calculated for the 2nd, 3rd and 4th larval instar were 144.54 +/- 2.3, 165.70 +/- 1.2 and 184.18 +/- 0.8 ppm respectively. Hundred percent ovicidal activity was observed at 300 ppm. Skin repellent test at 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 mg/cm(2) concentration of C. citratus gave 100% protection up to 3.00, 4.00 and 5.00 hours respectively. The total percentage of protection of this essential oil was 49.64% at 1.0 mg/cm(2), 62.19% at 2.5 mg/cm(2) and 74.03% at 5.0 mg/cm(2) for 12 hours. (+info)Are mosquitoes diverted from repellent-using individuals to non-users? Results of a field study in Bolivia. (6/27)
Outside sub-Saharan Africa, Anopheline mosquito exophagic and/or crepuscular behaviour patterns imply that insecticide-treated nets may provide incomplete protection from malaria-infective mosquito bites. Supplementary repellent treatment has been recommended in such circumstances, especially where vectors are exophilic and so are not susceptible to residual insecticide spraying. As maintaining complete usage of repellents in a community is unrealistic, the potential negative impact on non-users of repellent usage by 'neighbours' in the same community needs to be addressed in the context of health policy promoting equity. This study quantifies diversion of host-seeking mosquitoes, from repellent wearing to unprotected individuals, 1 m apart under field conditions in Bolivia. Each of the six volunteer-pairs sat >20 m apart from other pairs. Volunteers were allocated di-ethyl toluamide (DEET) or mineral oil in ethanol control. Treatments were rotated, so that during the trial, both pair-members wore repellent on 72 occasions; both pair-members wore control on 72 occasions; and on 36 occasions, one pair-member wore repellent and the other control. Unprotected (control) pair-members received 36.4% [95% confidence interval (CI): 8.1-72.0%] more Anopheles darlingi landings (P = 0.0096) and 20.4% (95% CI: 0.6-44.0%) more mosquito landings (P = 0.044), when their 'partner' wore repellent than when their partner also wore control. A second, smaller Latin-square trial using 30% lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) repellent, with control, obtained 26.0% (95% CI: 5.2-51.0%) more mosquito landings when controls sat with repellent-wearers rather than other controls (P = 0.0159). With incomplete community repellent usage, non-users could be put at an increased risk of malaria. The results also have implications for repellent-efficacy assay design, as protection will appear magnified when mosquitoes are given a choice between repellent-users and non-users. (+info)Manipulation of rumen ecology by dietary lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus Stapf.) powder supplementation. (7/27)
(+info)Evaluation of the chemical composition of Brazilian commercial Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) stapf samples. (8/27)
The concentration and the chemical composition of the essential oils obtained from different samples of Cymbopogon citratus were evaluated. Among the 12 samples investigated (11 dried leaf samples and fresh plant leaves), seven presented essential oil concentrations within the threshold established by the Brazilian legislation. The moisture content was also determined and the majority of the samples presented humidity contents near 12%. The GC and GC/MS analyses of the essential oils led to identification of 22 compounds, with neral and geranial as the two major components. The total percentage of these two compounds varied within the investigated sample oils from 40.7% to 75.4%. In addition, a considerable variation in the chemical composition of the analyzed samples was observed. The process of grinding the leaves significantly decreased (by up to 68%) the essential oil content, as well as the percentage of myrcene in the oils. (+info)'Cymbopogon' is a genus of tropical grasses in the family Poaceae, also known as lemongrass. It includes several species that are used for their aromatic leaves and essential oils, which have various applications in cooking, traditional medicine, and perfumery. Some common examples of Cymbopogon species include C. citratus (West Indian lemongrass), C. flexuosus (East Indian lemongrass), and C. nardus (citronella grass).
"Mentha piperita" is the scientific name for peppermint, which is a hybrid plant that's a cross between watermint and spearmint. It is a commonly used herb in medicine, particularly in the form of peppermint oil. The oil has been found to have several medicinal properties including antimicrobial, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antispasmodic effects. It is often used to treat gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), nausea, and vomiting. Additionally, it has been found to be effective in providing relief from headaches and muscle pain.
Volatile oils, also known as essential oils, are a type of organic compound that are naturally produced in plants. They are called "volatile" because they evaporate quickly at room temperature due to their high vapor pressure. These oils are composed of complex mixtures of various compounds, including terpenes, terpenoids, aldehydes, ketones, esters, and alcohols. They are responsible for the characteristic aroma and flavor of many plants and are often used in perfumes, flavors, and aromatherapy. In a medical context, volatile oils may have therapeutic properties and be used in certain medications or treatments, but it's important to note that they can also cause adverse reactions if not used properly.
Haemonchus is a genus of parasitic roundworms, also known as nematodes, that are commonly found in the abomasum (the true stomach) of ruminant animals such as sheep, goats, cattle, and deer. The species Haemonchus contortus, also known as the barber pole worm, is the most widespread and pathogenic member of this genus.
Haemonchus worms have a complex life cycle that involves both larval and adult stages. The adults are blood-sucking parasites that can cause significant harm to their hosts by consuming large quantities of blood, leading to anemia, weight loss, and potentially death in severe cases. These worms are particularly problematic in warm, humid climates where they can multiply rapidly and cause significant production losses in livestock operations.
Preventative measures such as strategic grazing management, regular fecal egg counts, and anthelmintic treatments are commonly used to control Haemonchus infections in livestock. However, the development of anthelmintic resistance has become a significant concern in recent years, making it increasingly difficult to manage these parasites effectively.
Trichostrongylus is a genus of nematode (roundworm) parasites that are commonly found in the gastrointestinal tracts of ruminants such as sheep, goats, and cattle. These parasites can also infect humans, particularly those who come into contact with contaminated soil or water.
The medical definition of Trichostrongylus is:
A genus of strongylid nematodes that are parasitic in the gastrointestinal tract of various mammals, including humans. The adult worms are slender and measure 8-20 mm in length. They have a characteristic curved mouthpart called the buccal capsule, which is used to pierce and feed on the host's tissues.
Trichostrongylus species have a direct life cycle, with eggs hatching into larvae that develop through several stages before becoming infective. The infective larvae are then ingested by the host, where they mature into adults and reproduce.
Human infection with Trichostrongylus species can cause a condition known as trichostrongyliasis, which is characterized by abdominal pain, diarrhea, anemia, and weight loss. Treatment typically involves the use of anthelmintic medications such as albendazole or mebendazole.
Medical definitions generally do not include plant oils as a specific term. However, in a biological or biochemical context, plant oils, also known as vegetable oils, are defined as lipid extracts derived from various parts of plants such as seeds, fruits, and leaves. They mainly consist of triglycerides, which are esters of glycerol and three fatty acids. The composition of fatty acids can vary between different plant sources, leading to a range of physical and chemical properties that make plant oils useful for various applications in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. Some common examples of plant oils include olive oil, coconut oil, sunflower oil, and jojoba oil.
Cymbopogon
Cymbopogon winterianus
Cymbopogon schoenanthus
Cymbopogon ambiguus
Cymbopogon flexuosus
Cymbopogon nardus
Cymbopogon martinii
Cymbopogon citratus
Cymbopogon bombycinus
Cymbopogon commutatus
Cymbopogon refractus
Cymbopogon obtectus
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Cymbopogon - Wikipedia
FACT SHEET Cymbopogon refractus - Greening Australia
Cymbopogon minor in Flora of China @ efloras.org
Cymbopogon princeps Stapf - The Plant List
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Lemongrass Plants For Sale | Cymbopogon flexuosus | Growers Exchange
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"Cymbopogon citratus and Camellia sinensis extracts selectively induce " by Cory Philion
Evaluation of Cymbopogon schoenanthus essential oil in lambs experimentally infected with Haemonchus contortus
Effects of essential oil from Cymbopogon citratus leaves and its susceptibility on the quality of fresh orange juice during...
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Citratus17
- Some species (particularly Cymbopogon citratus) are commonly cultivated as culinary and medicinal herbs because of their scent, resembling that of lemons (Citrus limon). (wikipedia.org)
- Cymbopogon citratus ) but it has a wider leaf blade and the base of the stem (technically known as a pseudostem) is reddish, while Lemongrass has a green one. (nparks.gov.sg)
- Cymbopogon citratus - (DC. (pfaf.org)
- Lemon grass or Cymbopogon citratus is a tropical, evergreen, perennial grass that is aromatic and grows up to 1.5 m tall. (pfaf.org)
- Cymbopogon citratus is an evergreen Perennial growing to 1.5 m (5ft) by 1.5 m (5ft) at a fast rate. (pfaf.org)
- La présente étude vise donc à évaluer les propriétés antimicrobiennes des huiles essentielles extraites des feuilles de Cymbopogon citratus et de Mentha piperita dans la conservation du lait frais de vache au Sud du Bénin. (ajol.info)
- Les résultats obtenus lors des essais de conservation du lait par adjonction des huiles essentielles ont montré que les huiles essentielles de Mentha piperita possèdent une forte activité antimicrobienne sur la flore d'altération du lait frais, comparativement à l'huile essentielle de Cymbopogon citratus . (ajol.info)
- Thus, the present study aims to investigate the antimicrobial properties of essential oils extracted from leaves of Cymbopogon citratus and Mentha piperita in conservation of fresh cow's milk in southern Benin. (ajol.info)
- The determination of the chemical composition of essential oils by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC / GC-MS) indicated that the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus has geranial (41.3%), neral (33%) and myrcene (10.4%) as major compounds and Mentha piperita essential oil has menthol (46.7%) and neomenthol (8.28%) as major compounds with a hydrogenated monoterpenes content of 5.1%, oxygenated monoterpenes 87.0% and 2.1% for hydrogenated sesquiterpenes. (ajol.info)
- The results obtained from fresh milk stored with essential oils have indicated that essential oil of Mentha piperita has strong antimicrobial activity on spoilage flora of fresh milk, compared to the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus . (ajol.info)
- The investigation on the potency of unripe banana (Musa sapientum L.), lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus S.) and turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) was carried out against pathogens. (ajol.info)
- This study evaluated the biological properties of lemongrass ( Cymbopogon citratus ) extracts. (nih.gov)
- Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) is a species of plant within the sweet grass family (Poaceae), cultivated and used as a spice and medicinal plant. (anderswelt-import.eu)
- Buy Lemon grass-Cymbopogon citratus Plant from Santhi online plant nursery website. (santhionlineplants.com)
- Its scientific name is Cymbopogon citratus and it belongs to the grass family of Poaceae . (organicfacts.net)
- These are Cymbopogon citratus, which is famously preferred for culinary use, and Cymbopogon flexuosus, used in the manufacturing of fragrances because of its extended shelf life, owing to the low amount of myrcene in that variety. (organicfacts.net)
- 10. Polysaccharides from Cymbopogon citratus with antitumor and immunomodulatory activity. (nih.gov)
Nardus4
- Citronella grass (Cymbopogon nardus and Cymbopogon winterianus) grow to about 2 metres (6+1⁄2 feet) and have magenta-colored base stems. (wikipedia.org)
- An Cymbopogon nardus [1] in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Carl von Linné , ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Alfred Barton Rendle . (wikipedia.org)
- An Cymbopogon nardus in nahilalakip ha genus nga Cymbopogon , ngan familia nga Poaceae . (wikipedia.org)
- Cymbopogon nardus contains certain compounds such as citronella oil which is important for various cleaning and perfume products. (unimas.my)
Flexuosus3
- Lemongrass at a market Prepared lemongrass Lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) essential oil in clear glass vial Thai yam takhrai kung sot (ยำตะไคร้กุ้งสด), a salad (yam) made with prawns and finely sliced fresh lemongrass A knot of lemongrass used to impart fragrance in dinuguan (Filipino pork blood stew) Knots of lemongrass ready for use in Filipino cuisine Sprengel, Curt (Kurt, Curtius) Polycarp Joachim 1815. (wikipedia.org)
- Its main objective was to experimentally test the efficacy and residual activity of lemongrass essential oil ( Cymbopogon flexuosus ) against German cockroache's population. (scialert.net)
- Monoterpenes, derivates of terpenoids extracted from lemongrass Cymbopogon flexuosus , can disrupt the works of neurotransmitter in insects 12 , 13 . (scialert.net)
Poaceae2
- Cymbopogon martinii (CM) (family Poaceae) is used in traditional Indian medicine in treatment of diabetes mellitus. (hindawi.com)
- In the present study Cymbopogon martinii (CM) belonging to the poaceae (Gramineae) family has been evaluated for its antidiabetic action through inhibition of alpha glucosidase in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and by evaluation of intestinal transport of sucrose and maltose. (hindawi.com)
Stapf1
- cymbopogon martinii stapf. (libertynatural.com)
Species2
- The name cymbopogon derives from the Greek words kymbe (κύμβη, 'boat') and pogon (πώγων, 'beard') "which mean [that] in most species, the hairy spikelets project from boat-shaped spathes. (wikipedia.org)
- The genus Cymbopogon comprises 55 species of grasses, two of which are referred to as lemongrass. (organicfacts.net)
Winterianus2
- The volatile oil obtained by the steam distillation of the semi-dried aerial parts of Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt. (essentialoilsdirect.co.uk)
- To conduct the screening of in vitro essential oils' antifungal activity from Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree), Cymbopogon winterianus (citronella) and Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) on strains of Candida albicans (ATCC289065) - M1, Candida krusei (ATCC40147) - M2 and Candida tropicalis (ATCC13803) - M3. (bvsalud.org)
Genus1
- The genus Cymbopogon Sprengel (Gramineae). (wikipedia.org)
Martinii3
- Effective Control of Postprandial Glucose Level through Inhibition of Intestinal Alpha Glucosidase by Cymbopogon martinii (Roxb. (hindawi.com)
- Cymbopogon martinii (CM) also known as Rosha Grass is mainly used in perfume industry. (hindawi.com)
- Cymbopogon martinii (Roxb. (hindawi.com)
Spreng3
- Porto Rico 1: 27 (1923) Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Tropicos, Cymbopogon Spreng. (wikipedia.org)
- 1815. "Atlas of Living Australia, Cymbopogon Spreng. (wikipedia.org)
- Cymbopogon Spreng. (itis.gov)
India2
- Gingergrass Essential Oil India ( Cymbopogon martini ), has a unique chemistry and subsequently unmatched aroma. (fragranceandherbalist.com)
- It is a tall, perennial grass native to India and tropical regions of Asia and is alternatively known as Cymbopogon, barbed wire grass, or even fever grass. (organicfacts.net)
Obtectus1
- Cymbopogon obtectus has a wide distribution and tolerance of a range of environments and threats, including exposure to fire. (theferns.info)
Citronella oil2
- Sajo M, Song SB, Bajgai J, Kim Y, Kim P, Ahn D, Khanal N, Lee K. Applicability of citronella oil ( Cymbopogon winteratus ) for the prevention of mosquito-borne diseases in the rural area of Tikapur, far-western Nepal. (rrh.org.au)
- A repellency activity test was performed with 100% citronella oil ( Cymbopogon winteratus ) from April to May 2013 in the Tikapur Municipality of the Kailali district, Nepal. (rrh.org.au)
Steam-distilled1
- A steam-distilled commercial by available essential oils of Cymbopogon afronardus (Mutete) were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Seventy-four compounds making up 95.1% of A and 59 compounds making up 86.4% of B were characterized. (ogu.edu.tr)
Efficacy1
- The present study was carried out to evaluate the antifungal efficacy of essential oils (EO) of Cymbopogon martini, Chenopodium ambrosioides and of their combination against dermatophytes and some filamentous fungi in vitro as well as in vivo using a guinea pig model. (unboundmedicine.com)
Melaleuca1
- Holdings: Atividade dos óleos essenciais de Melaleuca alternifolia e Cymbopogon densiflorus contra isolado de Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. (sidalc.net)
Flora1
- Reinwardtia 9(3): 225-375 Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 624 香茅属 xiang mao shu Cymbopogon Sprengel, Pl. Min. (wikipedia.org)
Activity1
- 6. Immunomodulatory activity of 3beta,6beta-dihydroxyolean-12-en-27-oic acid in tumor-bearing mice. (nih.gov)
Grow1
- Lemongrass, Cymbopogon - is very easy to grow and doesn't need much water. (foodforestseeds.au)