Cronobacter sakazakii
Spices
Food Microbiology
Enterobacteriaceae
Muscle Hypertonia
Malonates
Syria
Slovakia
Food Contamination
Myoviridae
Bacterial Typing Techniques
Chromogenic Compounds
Glycyrrhiza
Environmental Microbiology
Powders
In Silico identification of pathogenic strains of Cronobacter from Biochemical data reveals association of inositol fermentation with pathogenicity. (1/12)
(+info)Cronobacter condimenti sp. nov., isolated from spiced meat, and Cronobacter universalis sp. nov., a species designation for Cronobacter sp. genomospecies 1, recovered from a leg infection, water and food ingredients. (2/12)
(+info)Identification and characterization of Cronobacter iron acquisition systems. (3/12)
(+info)Diversity of the Cronobacter genus as revealed by multilocus sequence typing. (4/12)
(+info)Prevalence and relative risk of Cronobacter spp., Salmonella spp., and Listeria monocytogenes associated with the body surfaces and guts of individual filth flies. (5/12)
(+info)Prevention of invasive Cronobacter infections in young infants fed powdered infant formulas. (6/12)
(+info)Multiplex PCR assay targeting a diguanylate cyclase-encoding gene, cgcA, to differentiate species within the genus Cronobacter. (7/12)
(+info)Comparative analysis of genome sequences covering the seven cronobacter species. (8/12)
(+info)Cronobacter is a genus of facultatively anaerobic, gram-negative bacteria that are motile by means of peritrichous flagella. These bacteria were previously known as Enterobacter sakazakii and can be found in various environments such as water, soil, and dry food products.
Cronobacter species are known to cause severe invasive infections in newborns and infants, including meningitis, sepsis, and necrotizing enterocolitis. They have also been associated with rare cases of bacteremia, wound infections, and pneumonia in adults with weakened immune systems.
The bacteria can be transmitted through contaminated food or water, and powdered infant formula has been identified as a significant source of infection. To reduce the risk of Cronobacter infection, it is recommended to follow strict hygiene practices during preparation and handling of infant formula and other susceptible foods.
'Cronobacter sakazakii' is a gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that is part of the Enterobacteriaceae family. It is an opportunistic pathogen capable of causing severe invasive infections such as meningitis and sepsis, particularly in newborns, infants, and immunocompromised individuals. The bacterium has been found in various environmental sources, including dried foods like powdered infant formula, herbs, and spices. Proper hygiene practices and the safe handling, preparation, and storage of food and feeding utensils can help prevent Cronobacter sakazakii infections.
Enterobacteriaceae are a large family of gram-negative bacteria that are commonly found in the human gut and surrounding environment. Infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae can occur when these bacteria enter parts of the body where they are not normally present, such as the bloodstream, urinary tract, or abdominal cavity.
Enterobacteriaceae infections can cause a range of symptoms depending on the site of infection. For example:
* Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by Enterobacteriaceae may cause symptoms such as frequent urination, pain or burning during urination, and lower abdominal pain.
* Bloodstream infections (bacteremia) caused by Enterobacteriaceae can cause fever, chills, and sepsis, a potentially life-threatening condition characterized by a whole-body inflammatory response to infection.
* Pneumonia caused by Enterobacteriaceae may cause cough, chest pain, and difficulty breathing.
* Intra-abdominal infections (such as appendicitis or diverticulitis) caused by Enterobacteriaceae can cause abdominal pain, fever, and changes in bowel habits.
Enterobacteriaceae infections are typically treated with antibiotics, but the increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant strains of these bacteria has made treatment more challenging in recent years. Preventing the spread of Enterobacteriaceae in healthcare settings and promoting good hygiene practices can help reduce the risk of infection.
Infant formula is a manufactured food designed and marketed for feeding to babies and infants under 12 months of age, but may also be used as a supplementary feedings for older children. It is usually derived from cow's milk, but can also be made from soy or other proteins. Infant formulas are designed to provide a well-balanced diet with appropriate amounts of protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamins, and minerals to support growth and development in infants who are not breastfed. They come in various forms such as powder, concentrate, or ready-to-feed liquid and must meet strict nutritional and safety standards set by regulatory agencies like the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Commission (EC).
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "spices" is not a term that has a medical definition. Spices are typically defined in the context of food and cooking as dried parts of plants (such as seeds, bark, or roots) used to add flavor or aroma to dishes. If you have any questions related to nutrition or dietary habits and their potential impact on health, I would be happy to try to help with those!
Food microbiology is the study of the microorganisms that are present in food, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. This field examines how these microbes interact with food, how they affect its safety and quality, and how they can be controlled during food production, processing, storage, and preparation. Food microbiology also involves the development of methods for detecting and identifying pathogenic microorganisms in food, as well as studying the mechanisms of foodborne illnesses and developing strategies to prevent them. Additionally, it includes research on the beneficial microbes found in certain fermented foods and their potential applications in improving food quality and safety.
Enterobacteriaceae is a family of gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria that are commonly found in the intestines of humans and animals. Many species within this family are capable of causing various types of infections, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems. Some common examples of Enterobacteriaceae include Escherichia coli (E. coli), Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, and Salmonella enterica.
These bacteria are typically characterized by their ability to ferment various sugars and produce acid and gas as byproducts. They can also be distinguished by their biochemical reactions, such as their ability to produce certain enzymes or resist specific antibiotics. Infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae can range from mild to severe, depending on the species involved and the overall health of the infected individual.
Some infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae include urinary tract infections, pneumonia, bloodstream infections, and foodborne illnesses. Proper hygiene, such as handwashing and safe food handling practices, can help prevent the spread of these bacteria and reduce the risk of infection.
Muscle hypertonia is a term used to describe an increased tone or tension in the muscles, which can be caused by various medical conditions. This state leads to a reduced ability to stretch the muscle fully, and it may interfere with normal movement. The two main types of muscle hypertonia are spasticity and rigidity.
1. Spasticity: It is a velocity-dependent increase in muscle tone, which means that the resistance to passive movement increases as the speed of the movement increases. This type of hypertonia is often associated with upper motor neuron lesions, such as those caused by stroke, spinal cord injury, or multiple sclerosis.
2. Rigidity: It is a constant and non-velocity dependent increase in muscle tone, meaning that the resistance to passive movement remains consistent regardless of the speed. This type of hypertonia can be seen in conditions like Parkinson's disease.
It is essential to diagnose and manage muscle hypertonia effectively to prevent complications such as contractures, pain, and decreased functional abilities. Treatment options may include physical therapy, medications (like antispasticity agents), orthoses, or surgical interventions in severe cases.
"Malonates" is not a recognized medical term. However, in chemistry, malonates refer to salts or esters of malonic acid, a dicarboxylic acid with the formula CH2(COOH)2. Malonic acid and its derivatives have been used in the synthesis of various pharmaceuticals and chemicals, but they are not typically associated with any specific medical condition or treatment. If you have encountered the term "malonates" in a medical context, it may be helpful to provide more information or seek clarification from the source.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Syria" is not a medical term. It is a country located in the Middle East. If you are looking for information about a medical condition, could you please provide more details? I'd be happy to help with that.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Slovakia" is not a medical term. It is a country located in Central Europe. If you have any questions about medical terms or concepts, I would be happy to help answer those for you.
Food contamination is the presence of harmful microorganisms, chemicals, or foreign substances in food or water that can cause illness or injury to individuals who consume it. This can occur at any stage during production, processing, storage, or preparation of food, and can result from various sources such as:
1. Biological contamination: This includes the presence of harmful bacteria, viruses, parasites, or fungi that can cause foodborne illnesses. Examples include Salmonella, E. coli, Listeria, and norovirus.
2. Chemical contamination: This involves the introduction of hazardous chemicals into food, which may occur due to poor handling practices, improper storage, or exposure to environmental pollutants. Common sources of chemical contamination include pesticides, cleaning solvents, heavy metals, and natural toxins produced by certain plants or fungi.
3. Physical contamination: This refers to the presence of foreign objects in food, such as glass, plastic, hair, or insects, which can pose a choking hazard or introduce harmful substances into the body.
Preventing food contamination is crucial for ensuring food safety and protecting public health. Proper hygiene practices, temperature control, separation of raw and cooked foods, and regular inspections are essential measures to minimize the risk of food contamination.
Myoviridae is a family of bacteriophages, which are viruses that infect and replicate within bacteria. Here is the medical definition of Myoviridae:
Myoviridae is a family of tailed bacteriophages characterized by a contractile sheath surrounding the tail structure. The members of this family have a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genome, which is relatively large, ranging from 40 to over 200 kilobases in size. Myoviridae viruses typically infect Gram-negative bacteria and are known to cause lysis of the host cell upon replication. The family includes many well-known bacteriophages such as T4, T5, and λ phages, which have been extensively studied for their biological properties and potential applications in molecular biology and medicine.
It's worth noting that while Myoviridae viruses can be useful tools in scientific research, they are not used in clinical practice as therapeutic agents. However, there is ongoing research into the use of bacteriophages, including those from the family Myoviridae, for the treatment of bacterial infections that are resistant to antibiotics.
Bacterial typing techniques are methods used to identify and differentiate bacterial strains or isolates based on their unique characteristics. These techniques are essential in epidemiological studies, infection control, and research to understand the transmission dynamics, virulence, and antibiotic resistance patterns of bacterial pathogens.
There are various bacterial typing techniques available, including:
1. **Bacteriophage Typing:** This method involves using bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria) to identify specific bacterial strains based on their susceptibility or resistance to particular phages.
2. **Serotyping:** It is a technique that differentiates bacterial strains based on the antigenic properties of their cell surface components, such as capsules, flagella, and somatic (O) and flagellar (H) antigens.
3. **Biochemical Testing:** This method uses biochemical reactions to identify specific metabolic pathways or enzymes present in bacterial strains, which can be used for differentiation. Commonly used tests include the catalase test, oxidase test, and various sugar fermentation tests.
4. **Molecular Typing Techniques:** These methods use genetic markers to identify and differentiate bacterial strains at the DNA level. Examples of molecular typing techniques include:
* **Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE):** This method uses restriction enzymes to digest bacterial DNA, followed by electrophoresis in an agarose gel under pulsed electrical fields. The resulting banding patterns are analyzed and compared to identify related strains.
* **Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST):** It involves sequencing specific housekeeping genes to generate unique sequence types that can be used for strain identification and phylogenetic analysis.
* **Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS):** This method sequences the entire genome of a bacterial strain, providing the most detailed information on genetic variation and relatedness between strains. WGS data can be analyzed using various bioinformatics tools to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), gene deletions or insertions, and other genetic changes that can be used for strain differentiation.
These molecular typing techniques provide higher resolution than traditional methods, allowing for more accurate identification and comparison of bacterial strains. They are particularly useful in epidemiological investigations to track the spread of pathogens and identify outbreaks.
Chromogenic compounds are substances that can be converted into a colored product through a chemical reaction. These compounds are often used in various diagnostic tests, including microbiological assays and immunoassays, to detect the presence or absence of a specific analyte (such as a particular bacterium, enzyme, or antigen).
In these tests, a chromogenic substrate is added to the sample, and if the target analyte is present, it will react with the substrate and produce a colored product. The intensity of the color can often be correlated with the amount of analyte present in the sample, allowing for quantitative analysis.
Chromogenic compounds are widely used in clinical laboratories because they offer several advantages over other types of diagnostic tests. They are typically easy to use and interpret, and they can provide rapid results with high sensitivity and specificity. Additionally, chromogenic assays can be automated, which can help increase throughput and reduce the potential for human error.
"Glycyrrhiza" is the medical term for the licorice plant (Glycyrrhiza glabra), which belongs to the legume family. The root of this plant contains glycyrrhizin, a sweet-tasting compound that has been used in traditional medicine for various purposes such as treating coughs, stomach ulcers, and liver disorders. However, excessive consumption of glycyrrhizin can lead to serious side effects like high blood pressure, low potassium levels, and even heart problems. Therefore, it is important to use licorice products under the guidance of a healthcare professional.
Bacterial DNA refers to the genetic material found in bacteria. It is composed of a double-stranded helix containing four nucleotide bases - adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C) - that are linked together by phosphodiester bonds. The sequence of these bases in the DNA molecule carries the genetic information necessary for the growth, development, and reproduction of bacteria.
Bacterial DNA is circular in most bacterial species, although some have linear chromosomes. In addition to the main chromosome, many bacteria also contain small circular pieces of DNA called plasmids that can carry additional genes and provide resistance to antibiotics or other environmental stressors.
Unlike eukaryotic cells, which have their DNA enclosed within a nucleus, bacterial DNA is present in the cytoplasm of the cell, where it is in direct contact with the cell's metabolic machinery. This allows for rapid gene expression and regulation in response to changing environmental conditions.
Environmental Microbiology is a branch of microbiology that deals with the study of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and other microscopic entities, that are found in various environments such as water, soil, air, and organic matter. This field focuses on understanding how these microbes interact with their surroundings, their role in various ecological systems, and their impact on human health and the environment. It also involves studying the genetic and biochemical mechanisms that allow microorganisms to survive and thrive in different environmental conditions, as well as the potential uses of microbes for bioremediation, bioenergy, and other industrial applications.
In the context of medical terminology, "powders" do not have a specific technical definition. However, in a general sense, powders refer to dry, finely ground or pulverized solid substances that can be dispersed in air or liquid mediums. In medicine, powders may include various forms of medications, such as crushed tablets or capsules, which are intended to be taken orally, mixed with liquids, or applied topically. Additionally, certain medical treatments and therapies may involve the use of medicated powders for various purposes, such as drying agents, abrasives, or delivery systems for active ingredients.
Dairy products are foods produced from the milk of animals, primarily cows but also goats, sheep, and buffalo. The term "dairy" refers to the place or process where these products are made. According to the medical definition, dairy products include a variety of foods such as:
1. Milk - This is the liquid produced by mammals to feed their young. It's rich in nutrients like calcium, protein, and vitamins A, D, and B12.
2. Cheese - Made from milk, it can vary greatly in texture, taste, and nutritional content depending on the type. Cheese is a good source of protein and calcium.
3. Yogurt - This is formed by bacterial fermentation of milk. It contains probiotics which are beneficial bacteria that can help maintain gut health.
4. Butter - Made from cream or churned milk, butter is high in fat and calories but also provides some essential nutrients like vitamin A.
5. Ice Cream - A frozen dessert made from cream, milk, sugar, and often egg yolks. While it can be a source of calcium and protein, it's also high in sugar and should be consumed in moderation.
6. Casein and Whey Proteins - These are proteins derived from milk that are often used as dietary supplements for muscle building and recovery after exercise.
Individuals who are lactose intolerant may have difficulty digesting dairy products due to the sugar lactose found in them. For such individuals, there are lactose-free versions of these products available or they can opt for plant-based alternatives like almond milk, soy milk, etc.
Cronobacter
Cronobacter muytjensii
Cronobacter malonaticus
Cronobacter sakazakii
Cronobacter turicensis
Cronobacter dublinensis
Transcytosis
Infant and toddler safety
Enterobacter cowanii
Pluralibacter
Pluralibacter gergoviae
Pluralibacter pyrinus
Infant food safety
Multilocus sequence typing
Pasteurization
Citral
2022 United States infant formula shortage
List of food contamination incidents
OmpA-like transmembrane domain
List of bacterial genera named after mythological figures
Infant formula
List of ISO standards 22000-23999
MCR-1
Enterobacteriaceae
Neonatal meningitis
Enterobacterales
Similac
Cronobacter - Wikipedia
Transmission | Cronobacter | CDC
Cronobacter sakazakii Infections in Two Infants
Cronobacter: For health professionals - Canada.ca
Taxonomy browser (Cronobacter phage GW1)
Updates on the Cronobacter Genus - PubMed
KEGG GENOME: Cronobacter sakazakii ATCC BAA-894
Cronobacter sakazakii Archives - FoodSafetyTech
Etymologia: Cronobacter sakazakii - Volume 24, Number 11-November 2018 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
Cronobacter species in the dairy industry
Cronobacter Carriage in Neonate and Adult Intestinal Tracts
BioTrading | Ready Prepared Media | Cronobacter Selective Broth Base
Baby Formula Contaminated with Cronobacter, Salmonella Class Action
Gerber Infant Formula Recalled for Cronobacter - WarwickPost.com
A proposed harmonized LPS molecular-subtyping scheme for <i>Cronobacter</i>...
Cronobacter Infection and Infants | Cronobacter Infection and Infants | CDC
CDC Media Relations - Media Statement: December 30, 2011
Controlling Cronobacter: A Pathogen of Concern in Dry Environments and Low-Moisture Foods - Vikan
Details for: Enterobacter sakazakii (Cronobacter spp.) in powdered follow-up formulae : › WHO HQ Library catalog
EUR-Lex - 32023R2215 - EN - EUR-Lex
EUR-Lex - 32023R0052 - EN - EUR-Lex
What should I know about recalled baby formula? - HealthyChildren.org
Food Poisoning | Foodborne Illness | MedlinePlus
4TMU: Crystal structure of RecQ catalytic core from C. sakazakii bound to DNA
Infant and Newborn Nutrition: MedlinePlus
Enterobacter Infections Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care
Enforcement Discretion to Manufacturers to Increase Infant Formula Supplies | FDA
Survival of cronobacter species in reconstituted herbal infant teas and their sensitivity to bovine lactoferrin - Fingerprint ...
CP ChromoSelect Agar for microbiology CPC Agar
Sakazakii36
- The type species of the genus Cronobacter is Cronobacter sakazakii comb. (wikipedia.org)
- Cronobacter was first proposed as a new genus in 2007 as a clarification of the taxonomic relationship of the biogroups found among strains of Enterobacter sakazakii. (wikipedia.org)
- Cronobacter sakazakii (sak.a.zaki.ī. (wikipedia.org)
- Cronobacter muytjensii (mœ.tjәn.sĭ.ī), from the N.L. gen. n. muytjensii, of Muytjens, is named in honour of the Dutch microbiologist Harry Muytjens, who performed much of the early work on Enterobacter sakazakii. (wikipedia.org)
- Cronobacter gen. nov., a new genus to accommodate the biogroups of Enterobacter sakazakii, and proposal of Cronobacter sakazakii gen. nov. comb. (wikipedia.org)
- Cronobacter sakazakii, a species of gram-negative bacteria belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family, is known to cause severe and often fatal meningitis and sepsis in young infants. (medscape.com)
- Genome sequence of Cronobacter sakazakii BAA-894 and comparative genomic hybridization analysis with other Cronobacter species. (genome.jp)
- Infections caused by Cronobacter sakazakii are rare but can cause severe illness and death in infants. (cdc.gov)
- Whole genome sequencing analysis was used to link one case of Cronobacter sakazakii infection in a full-term infant to an opened can of powdered infant formula, and another unrelated fatal case in a premature infant to contaminated breast pump equipment. (cdc.gov)
- The recalls were for infant formulas potentially contaminated with Cronobacter sakazakii, a pathogen that can cause serious illness and death in vulnerable infants. (foodpoisoningbulletin.com)
- The infant formula was recalled for possible Cronobacter sakazakii contamination. (foodpoisoningbulletin.com)
- Cronobacter sakazakii is problematic in baby foods, and there have ben several recalls for infant formula for this type of contamination in the past few years. (foodpoisoningbulletin.com)
- At least four infants, from Minnesota, Ohio, and Texas, are sick with Cronobacter sakazakii infections after consuming recalled Similac, EleCare, or Alimentum formula produced at Abbott Nutrition's Sturgis, Michigan plant. (foodpoisoningbulletin.com)
- Title : Cronobacter sakazakii ST4 Strains and Neonatal Meningitis, United States Personal Author(s) : Hariri, Sumyya;Joseph, Susan;Forsythe, Stephen J. (cdc.gov)
- FusA allele sequencing revealed that 49/52 strains were Cronobacter sakazakii, while the remaining 3 strains were Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, and Franconibacter helveticus . (biomedcentral.com)
- Until 2007 the Cronobacter genus was known as the single species Enterobacter sakazakii . (biomedcentral.com)
- In 2002, the International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods (ICMSF) designated Cronobacter, then known as E. sakazakii, as a severe hazard for restricted populations of immunocompromised individuals such as neonates and infants [ 14 , 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- The affected product is being recalled from the marketplace due to possible Cronobacter sakazakii contamination. (canada.ca)
- Food contaminated with Cronobacter sakazakii may not look or smell spoiled but can still make you sick. (canada.ca)
- Although Cronobacter sakazakii is not commonly linked to human illness, in rare cases it can cause serious or fatal infections. (canada.ca)
- Cronobacter sakazakii can cause rare bloodstream and central nervous system infections and has been associated with severe intestinal infection (necrotizing enterocolitis) and blood poisoning (sepsis), especially in newborns. (canada.ca)
- Cronobacter sakazakii (Enterobacter sakazakii) is an emerging pathogen that has been isolated from powdered infant formula and associated with outbreaks of infection in infants in neonatal intensive care units. (iafns.org)
- Baby formula recalled over concerns of contamination from Cronobacter sakazakii. (buopsonews.com)
- Reckitt fears that there might have been a possible cross-contamination with Cronobacter sakazakii. (buopsonews.com)
- Citral attenuated intestinal inflammation induced by Cronobacter sakazakii in newborn mice. (greenmedinfo.com)
- Identified enterobacteria strains revealed several opportunistic and pathogenic agents such as Enterobacter cloacae (28%), Citrobacter freundii (23.3%), Cronobacter sakazakii (14.6%) and other strains in lower percentage. (unime.it)
- Cronobacter sakazakii is an opportunistic pathogen causing a lethality rate as high as 80% in infants. (figshare.com)
- In evaluating the genome data currently available for Cronobacter species, no sequence information has been published describing a Cronobacter sakazakii isolate found to persist in a PIF production facility. (northumbria.ac.uk)
- Here we report on the complete genome sequence of one such isolate, Cronobacter sakazakii SP291 along with its phenotypic characteristics. (northumbria.ac.uk)
- with Cronobacter sakazakii, a potentially dangerous bacteria. (lifehacker.com)
- The FDA announced Feb. 17 it was investigating complaints of Cronobacter sakazakii and Salmonella Newport infections among four babies who reportedly consumed powdered infant formula made at an Abbott facility in Sturgis, Michigan. (chicagotribune.com)
- The FDA said it found several instances of Cronobacter sakazakii in environmental samples, and a review of the firm's internal records also "indicated environmental contamination with Cronobacter sakazakii and the firm's destruction of product due to the presence of Cronobacter. (chicagotribune.com)
- He said all of Abbott's infant formulas are tested for Cronobacter sakazakii, Salmonella and other pathogens and must test negative "before any product is released. (chicagotribune.com)
- He said no distributed product from the company's Sturgis facility has tested positive for Cronobacter sakazakii or salmonella. (chicagotribune.com)
- Enterobacter sakazakii et autres microorganismes présents dans les préparations en poudre pour nourrissons : projet de la réunion. (who.int)
- Enterobacter sakazakii y otros microorganismos en los preparados en polvo para lactantes : informe de la reunión. (who.int)
Infections7
- Increased awareness of the widespread presence of Cronobacter in the environment, along with promotion of safe preparation and storage of powdered infant formula, and careful cleaning and sanitization of breast pump equipment, could prevent potentially devastating infections. (cdc.gov)
- Cronobacter species are associated with severe foodborne infections in neonates and infants, with particular pathovars associated with specific clinical presentations. (biomedcentral.com)
- According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Cronobacter infections in infants can prove to be deadly. (buopsonews.com)
- According to the recall, Cronobacter bacteria can cause severe, life-threatening infections or meningitis. (lifehacker.com)
- Infections with the cronobacter bacteria are rare but can be fatal in babies. (necn.com)
- Cronobacter bacteria can cause life-threatening infections or meningitis, with symptoms potentially including poor feeding, irritability, temperature changes, jaundice, grunting breaths and abnormal movements, according to the FDA. (chicagotribune.com)
- The agency said one of the cases involved salmonella and three involved Cronobacter sakazakiim, a rare but dangerous germ that can cause blood infections and other serious complications. (kare11.com)
Enterobacter1
- In 2013 Enterobacter helveticus, Enterobacter pulveris and Enterobacter turicensis were reclassified into the genus Cronobacter, however this was corrected in 2014 when Stephan et al. (wikipedia.org)
Powdered infant8
- Several Cronobacter species are desiccation resistant and persistent in dry products such as powdered infant formula. (wikipedia.org)
- citation needed] Increased awareness that Cronobacter are ubiquitous environmental organisms, initiatives by the WHO and FAO, and advice on infant feeding (including safe temperatures for reconstitution of powdered infant formula, and appropriate hold times, post-reconstitution) has drastically reduced the occurrence of infection outbreaks. (wikipedia.org)
- No Cronobacter bacteria were found in an opened container of powdered infant formula that was fed to the infant in Illinois. (cdc.gov)
- No Cronobacter bacteria were found in 3 opened cans of powdered infant formula that had been fed to the infant in Oklahoma, or in tap water, which was used to prepare the infant's formula, obtained from the infant's home. (cdc.gov)
- Powdered infant formula manufacturers state that they cannot produce a sterile product and that it can contain pathogens such as Cronobacter and Salmonella. (foodpoisoningbulletin.com)
- Reconstituted powdered infant formula (PIF) and contaminated expressed breast milk have been implicated as the sources of Cronobacter infection in a number of neonatal and infant cases [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- NACMCF will also provide an update on its charge regarding Cronobacter in powdered infant formula . (food-safety.com)
- Outbreaks of human infection linked to the powdered infant formula (PIF) food chain and associated with the bacterium Cronobacter, are of concern to public health. (northumbria.ac.uk)
Salmonella1
- If your infant has been sickened with a Cronobacter or Salmonella infection after consuming recalled infant formula, please contact our experienced attorneys for help at 1-888-377-8900 or text us at 612-261-0856 . (foodpoisoningbulletin.com)
Strains3
- The WGS-SNP analysis demonstrated that indistinguishable Cronobacter strains within a sequence type can be unrelated, and may originate from multiple sources. (biomedcentral.com)
- The use of WGS-SNP analysis to distinguishing of strains within a sequence type has important relevance for tracing the source of outbreaks due to Cronobacter spp. (biomedcentral.com)
- but further characterization by alpha-glucosidase based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay identification strongly suggested that these strains did not belong to the genus Cronobacter. (unipa.it)
Contamination2
- The FDA has issued updated compliance for infant formula after the disastrous shutdown of Abbott Nutrition for cronobacter contamination in 2022 that caused severe shortages. (foodpoisoningbulletin.com)
- Additionally, inspectors found a history of contamination with the bacteria, known as cronobacter, including eight instances between fall 2019 and February of this year. (necn.com)
Muytjensii1
- Genome Insights of the Plant-Growth Promoting Bacterium Cronobacter muytjensii JZ38 With Volatile-Mediated Antagonistic Activity Against Phytophthora infestans. (edu.sa)
Species2
- All Cronobacter species, except C. condimenti, have been linked retrospectively to clinical cases of infection. (wikipedia.org)
- Cronobacter species, like other microorganisms can adapt to the production environment. (northumbria.ac.uk)
Enterobacteriaceae1
- Cronobacter is a genus of Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive, rod-shaped bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae. (wikipedia.org)
Pathogen1
- Complete genome sequence of Cronobacter turicensis LMG 23827, a food-borne pathogen causing deaths in neonates. (kegg.jp)
Infants8
- CDC, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and state health departments are continuing to investigate four recent cases of Cronobacter infection among infants in four States. (cdc.gov)
- Information about how consumers can reduce the risk of Cronobacter illness for their infants is found here . (cdc.gov)
- Since November 1, 2011, four infants (children under 12 months of age) infected with Cronobacter bacteria have been reported to CDC. (cdc.gov)
- To better understand whether cases are related, CDC has been performing genetic typing (DNA fingerprinting) of Cronobacter bacteria from the infants when these bacteria were available from the laboratories that isolated them from the infants. (cdc.gov)
- As previously reported , the genetic fingerprints of Cronobacter bacteria from the infants in Illinois and Missouri were not identical. (cdc.gov)
- Cronobacter bacteria from the infants in Florida and Oklahoma were not available for testing at CDC. (cdc.gov)
- Cronobacter illness is very rare, but it is often deadly in young infants. (cdc.gov)
- Typically, CDC is informed of about 4-6 cases of Cronobacter illness in infants each year, but reporting isn't required. (cdc.gov)
Citrobacter1
- Molecular epidemiological survey of Citrobacter freundii misidentified as Cronobacter spp. (unipa.it)
Infection1
- 2015), Cronobacter is the most expensive food-associated infection due to the loss of life and debilitation of survivors, each case being estimated to cost $1 million USD [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Turicensis1
- Cronobacter turicensis (tŭ.rĭ.sĕn'sĭs) is from the L. masc. (wikipedia.org)
Neonates1
- Cronobacter, a rod that can cause illness in neonates. (wikipedia.org)
Abbott1
- A letter by Senator Elizabeth Warren accuses Abbott Laboratories of hiding previous infant formula cronobacter problems through aggressive legal tactics. (aboutlawsuits.com)
Ubiquitous1
- However, isolated cases can still occur, in part due to Cronobacter being ubiquitous in home environments as well. (wikipedia.org)
Babies2
- The pathogenicity of Cronobacter for un-weaned babies makes it necessary to review the manufacturing process of the milk-based products specialized for babies, guaranteeing the absence of the bacteria in the final product. (chemopharm.com)
- All four babies were hospitalized, and Cronobacter may have contributed to one baby's death, according to the FDA. (chicagotribune.com)
Helveticus1
- The mis-identification of E. coli, E. cloacae and F. helveticus as Cronobacter spp. (biomedcentral.com)
Pathogens1
- The Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) is recommending that cronobacter be added to the list of notifiable pathogens reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (foodpoisoningbulletin.com)
Nutritional1
- The Assurance GDS for Cronobacter Tq II is an automated nucleic acid amplification system for the detection of Cronobacter in infant nutritional formula, ingredients, and environmental samples. (microval.org)
Detection1
- ISO 22964 FDIS:2016 describes a horizontal method for the detection of Cronobacter spp. (chemopharm.com)
Insights1
- Genomic insights into Cronobacter spp. (bvsalud.org)
Genetic5
- The genetic fingerprints of the Cronobacter bacteria obtained from the infant, the formula, and the water were indistinguishable from each other. (cdc.gov)
- This genetic fingerprint differed from both that of the Cronobacter bacteria from the infant and from that of the bottled water from Illinois. (cdc.gov)
- Genetic relatedness of Cronobacter spp. (ipb.ac.id)
- Beranda / Journal/Seminar Artikel / Genetic relatedness of Cronobacter spp. (ipb.ac.id)
- The aim of this study was to analyze the genetic relatedness of Cronobacter spp. (ipb.ac.id)
Sturgis1
- FDA staff are now inspecting Abbott's plant in Sturgis, Michigan, where environmental samples tested positive for the Cronobacter bacteria. (kare11.com)
Formula3
- Cronobacter bacteria were found in an opened container of bottled nursery water used to prepare the infant formula. (cdc.gov)
- This FDA advice for parents about infant formula and the Cronobacter illnesses linked to some types of powdered formula is offered to help parens navigate this difficult time. (foodpoisoningbulletin.com)
- The Assurance GDS for Cronobacter Tq II method was previously validated in December 2018 for infant formula and infant cereals and environmental samples for 10-375 g samples. (microval.org)