Colonic Diseases
Crohn Disease
Colon
Enema
Colitis, Ulcerative
Intestinal Mucosa
Colonic Diseases, Functional
Reconstruction for chronic dysfunction of ileoanal pouches. (1/670)
OBJECTIVE: A retrospective review was performed to determine the results after surgical reconstruction for chronic dysfunction of ileal pouch-anal procedures for ulcerative colitis and familial colonic polyposis at a university medical center. METHODS: During the 20-year period from 1978 to 1998, 601 patients underwent colectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) for ulcerative colitis, familial colonic polyposis, or Hirschsprung's disease. A J pouch was used for 351 patients, a lateral pouch for 221, an S pouch for 6, and a straight pull-through for 23. Acute complications after pouch construction have been detailed in previous publications and are not included in this study. Chronic pouch stasis with diarrhea, frequency, urgency, and soiling gradually became more severe in 164 patients (27.3%), associated with pouch enlargement, an elongated efferent limb, and obstruction to pouch outflow, largely related to the pouch configuration used during the authors' early clinical experience. These patients were sufficiently symptomatic to be considered for reconstruction (mean 68 months after IPAA). Transanal resection of an elongated IPAA spout was performed on 58 patients; abdominoperineal mobilization of the pouch with resection and tapering of the lower end (AP reconstruction) and ileoanal anastomosis on 83; pouch removal and new pouch construction on 7; and conversion of a straight pull-through to a pouch on 16. RESULTS: Good long-term results (mean 7.7 years) with improvement in symptoms occurred in 98% of transanal resections, 91.5% of AP reconstructions, 86% of new pouch constructions, and 100% of conversions of a straight pull-through to a pouch. The average number of bowel movements per 24 hours at 6 months was 4.8. Complications occurred in 11.6% of reconstructed patients. Five of the 164 patients (3.1%) required eventual pouch removal and permanent ileostomy. The high rate of pouch revision in this series of patients undergoing IPAA is due to a policy of aggressive correction when patients do not experience an optimal functional result, or have a progressive worsening of their status. CONCLUSIONS: Although occasionally a major undertaking, reconstruction of ileoanal pouches with progressive dysfunction due to large size or a long efferent limb has resulted in marked improvement in intestinal function in >93% of patients and has reduced the need for late pouch removal. (+info)The pathophysiology of disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex disease in AIDS. (2/670)
Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) organisms cause disseminated disease in patients with AIDS. The organisms penetrate the gastrointestinal mucosa by unknown mechanisms and are phagocytosed by macrophages in the lamina propria. These cells cannot kill the organisms, and MAC spreads through the submucosal tissue. Lymphatic drainage transports mycobacteria to abdominal lymph nodes, from which the organisms enter the bloodstream. Hematogenous spread can occur to many sites, but spleen, bone marrow, and liver are the most common. Tissue destruction is rare, and most signs and symptoms of MAC disease are due to elaboration of cytokines. MAC is rarely the direct cause of death but increases the risk for superinfection; death may result from malnutrition or other infections. (+info)Psoas abscesses complicating colonic disease: imaging and therapy. (3/670)
Most surgeons think of psoas abscesses as a very rare condition related to tuberculosis of the spine, but in contemporary surgical practice they are more usually a complication of gastrointestinal disease. A case note study was undertaken on all patients treated for psoas abscess at two large hospitals in the mid-Trent region over a 2-year period. All seven patients presented with pyrexia, psoas spasm, a tender mass and leucocytosis. The diagnosis was made on abdominal radiographs in one patient, CT scan in three, MRI in two, and ultrasound in one. Aetiological factors included Crohn's disease in three, appendicitis in two, and sigmoid diverticulitis and metastatic colorectal carcinoma in one each. Six patients underwent transabdominal resection of the diseased bowel, retroperitoneal debridement and external drainage of the abscess cavity. Percutaneous drainage was performed in one. Two patients had more than one surgical exploration for complications. There were no deaths and the hospital stay ranged from 8-152 days. Psoas abscess can be a difficult and protracted problem. Bowel resection, thorough debridement, external drainage and concomitant antibiotics are essential for psoas abscesses complicating gastrointestinal disease. Defunctioning stomas may be necessary. However, in some cases a multidisciplinary approach may be required, as psoas abscesses can involve bone and joints. (+info)The colonic mesenteric margin is most susceptible to injury in an experimental model of colonic ulceration. (4/670)
BACKGROUND: Crohn's disease ileal ulcers and indomethacin-induced jejunal ulceration in the rat tend to occur in the mucosa nearest to the mesentery (mesenteric margin), an area of the bowel wall that has a critical blood supply. Mercuric chloride induces caecal and colonic ulceration in the Brown Norway rat. AIM: To examine whether the mesenteric margin is more sensitive to injury by a substance known to be vasculotoxic in the caecum and colon. METHODS: Brown Norway rats received a single subcutaneous dose of either mercuric chloride 1 mg/kg or saline. The gastrointestinal tract was examined macro- and microscopically for lesions 48 h later. The vascular anatomy of the normal rat colon and caecum was also examined using the carbon ink perfusion technique. RESULTS: Mercuric chloride induced caecal and colonic ulceration preferentially along the mesenteric margin of the bowel wall. Histologically, the lesions showed mucosal necrosis and neutrophil infiltration. There was also extensive vascular degeneration/necrosis with microaneurysm formation and extensive submucosal haemorrhage. Cellular infiltration of the vasculature was not a feature. The caecal and colonic mesenteric margins in control rats were supplied by small end arteries. CONCLUSIONS: The colonic and caecal mesenteric margins are susceptible to injury by mercuric chloride, a chemical known to induce haemorrhagic vasculopathy in the rat gastrointestinal tract. The large bowel mesenteric margin may be susceptible to injury by mercuric chloride because of the critical blood supply to that side of the bowel wall. (+info)Chemoprevention of colonic aberrant crypt foci by an inducible nitric oxide synthase-selective inhibitor. (5/670)
Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is overexpressed in colonic tumors of humans and also in rats treated with a colon carcinogen. iNOS appear to regulate cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and production of proinflammatory prostaglandins, which are known to play a key role in colon tumor development. Experiments were designed to study the inhibitory effects of S,S'-1,4-phenylene-bis(1,2-ethanediyl)bis-isothiourea (PBIT) a selective iNOS-specific inhibitor, measured against formation of azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF). Beginning at 5 weeks of age, male F344 rats were fed experimental diets containing 0 or 50 p.p.m. of PBIT, or 2000 p.p.m. of curcumin (non-specific iNOS inhibitor). One week later, rats were injected s.c. with AOM (15 mg/kg body wt, once weekly for 2 weeks). At 17 weeks of age, all rats were killed, colons were evaluated for ACF formation and colonic mucosa was assayed for isoforms of COX and NOS activities. Both COX and iNOS activities in colonic mucosa of the AOM-treated rats were significantly induced. Importantly, 50 p.p.m. PBIT suppressed AOM-induced colonic ACF formation to 58% (P < 0.0001) and crypt multiplicity containing four or more crypts per focus to 78% (P < 0.0001); it also suppressed AOM-induced iNOS activity. Curcumin inhibited colonic ACF formation by 45% (P < 0.001). These observations suggest that iNOS may play a key regulatory role in colon carcinogenesis. Developing iNOS-specific inhibitors may provide a selective and safe chemopreventive strategy for colon cancer treatment. (+info)Dietary n-3 PUFA increases the apoptotic response to 1,2-dimethylhydrazine, reduces mitosis and suppresses the induction of carcinogenesis in the rat colon. (6/670)
The effect of dietary fish oil on colonic crypt cell apoptosis and proliferation was examined in male Wistar rats, 24 and 48 h after administration of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH), and its influence on the induction of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in the distal colon was assessed. Rats (125-150 g) fed a high-fat semi-synthetic diet containing corn oil (CO) were given DMH (30 mg/kg body wt) or a sham injection of EDTA/NaCl. Animals were then fed either the CO diet or a diet in which fish oil (EPA 18.7%; DHA 8%) was substituted for corn oil. Subgroups of rats (n = 5) were killed after 24 and 48 h, and crypt cell apoptosis and proliferation were quantified by morphological criteria in isolated intact crypts from the mid and distal colon. Consumption of the fish oil diet (FO) was associated with increased apoptotic cell death (P < 0.001) and suppression of proliferation (P < 0.05) in colonic crypts both 24 and 48 h after DMH. In a second experiment, animals were given three injections of DMH or sham injections of carrier at weekly intervals. For 48 h after each injection animals were fed either the CO or FO diet, but otherwise maintained on the CO throughout. The number and crypt multiplicity of ACF in the distal colon were determined after 18 weeks, and animals given the FO diet for the 48 h period following carcinogen administration were found to have significantly fewer ACF than rats fed the CO diet (P < 0.05). The data demonstrate that the fatty acid composition of the diet is an important determinant in the induction of carcinogenesis by DMH. The proliferative and apoptotic response of the colonic crypt to carcinogen and fish oil, coupled with the reduced incidence of ACF, suggest n-3 PUFA can protect against the carcinogenic effects of DMH by mediating changes in the balance proliferation and cell death. (+info)Laparoscopic-assisted colectomy: a comparison of dissection techniques. (7/670)
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Mobilization of the colon and dissection of the mesentery are difficult laparoscopic techniques. Traditional methods have been used for this dissection, but often with great difficulty. The ultrasonically activated shears, when introduced in 1993, had the possibility to make this dissection less technically difficult. This is a retrospective review of the use of these shears for these techniques during laparoscopic-assisted colectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-five patients underwent a laparoscopic-assisted right hemicolectomy or sigmoid resection. Colon mobilization and mesenteric dissection were completed intracorporeally. Complications, operative time, estimated blood loss, and length of stay were compared for resections completed with and without the ultrasonically activated shears. RESULTS: Thirty-six patients had laparoscopic-assisted colectomy without the shears, and 49 patients had the procedure with the shears. There were no complications due to the ultrasonic energy. Use of the shears resulted in shorter operative times (170 min. vs. 187 min., p=0.1989), similar median blood loss (98 mL vs. 95 mL, p=0.7620), and shorter lengths of stay (4.3 days vs. 6.9 days, p=0.0018). CONCLUSIONS: The ultrasonically activated shears are safe and effective for colon mobilization and mesenteric division. The use of the shears may result in shorter operative times and shorter lengths of stay. (+info)Laparoscopic colon surgery for benign disease: a comparison to open surgery. (8/670)
BACKGROUNDS AND OBJECTIVES: There remains a debate in the literature about the advisability of laparoscopic surgery for malignant disease of the colon. Current prospective studies will hopefully answer this question. However, for benign diseases of the colon, we believe laparoscopic surgery offers many advantages including decreased postoperative pain, early discharge from the hospital, and early return to normal activities. We retrospectively reviewed our experience with laparoscopic colectomies for benign disease to see whether these procedures could be done safely and if the proposed advantages could be realized. METHODS: Thirty-eight laparoscopic colon resections performed for benign disease were compared to 39 open colon resections with respect to operating times, length of hospital stay, estimated blood loss, days until first postoperative bowel movement, and complications. RESULTS: The laparoscopic colon resection group had decreased length of stay, less blood loss, earlier return of bowel function, and an equivalent number of complications. Laparoscopic cases did take an average of 24 minutes longer. CONCLUSION: The use of laparoscopic colon surgery for benign disease not only affords the patient the advantage of the laparoscopic approach, but also allows the surgeon to gain experience while awaiting the results of ongoing trials for laparoscopic colon surgery in malignant disease. (+info)Colonic diseases refer to a group of medical conditions that affect the colon, also known as the large intestine or large bowel. The colon is the final segment of the digestive system, responsible for absorbing water and electrolytes, and storing and eliminating waste products.
Some common colonic diseases include:
1. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): This includes conditions such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, which cause inflammation and irritation in the lining of the digestive tract.
2. Diverticular disease: This occurs when small pouches called diverticula form in the walls of the colon, leading to symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel movements.
3. Colorectal cancer: This is a type of cancer that develops in the colon or rectum, often starting as benign polyps that grow and become malignant over time.
4. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): This is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel movements, but without any underlying structural or inflammatory causes.
5. Constipation: This is a common condition characterized by infrequent bowel movements, difficulty passing stools, or both.
6. Infectious colitis: This occurs when the colon becomes infected with bacteria, viruses, or parasites, leading to symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and fever.
Treatment for colonic diseases varies depending on the specific condition and its severity. Treatment options may include medications, lifestyle changes, surgery, or a combination of these approaches.
Crohn's disease is a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract, from the mouth to the anus. It is characterized by chronic inflammation of the digestive tract, which can lead to symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, fatigue, weight loss, and malnutrition.
The specific causes of Crohn's disease are not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to a combination of genetic, environmental, and immune system factors. The disease can affect people of any age, but it is most commonly diagnosed in young adults between the ages of 15 and 35.
There is no cure for Crohn's disease, but treatments such as medications, lifestyle changes, and surgery can help manage symptoms and prevent complications. Treatment options depend on the severity and location of the disease, as well as the individual patient's needs and preferences.
The colon, also known as the large intestine, is a part of the digestive system in humans and other vertebrates. It is an organ that eliminates waste from the body and is located between the small intestine and the rectum. The main function of the colon is to absorb water and electrolytes from digested food, forming and storing feces until they are eliminated through the anus.
The colon is divided into several regions, including the cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, and anus. The walls of the colon contain a layer of muscle that helps to move waste material through the organ by a process called peristalsis.
The inner surface of the colon is lined with mucous membrane, which secretes mucus to lubricate the passage of feces. The colon also contains a large population of bacteria, known as the gut microbiota, which play an important role in digestion and immunity.
An enema is a medical procedure in which liquid is introduced into the lower part of the large intestine, specifically the sigmoid colon or rectum, through the anus using a special device called an enema kit. The liquid used can be plain water, saline solution, or a medicated solution, and it is typically retained for a short period of time before being expelled.
The purpose of an enema may vary, but it is often used to relieve constipation, prepare the bowel for medical procedures such as colonoscopy, or administer medications or nutrients that cannot be taken by mouth. Enemas can also be used for therapeutic purposes, such as to stimulate the immune system or promote relaxation.
It is important to follow proper instructions when administering an enema to avoid injury or discomfort. Possible side effects of enemas may include cramping, bloating, nausea, or electrolyte imbalances. If you have any health concerns or conditions that may be affected by an enema, it is recommended to consult with a healthcare professional before using one.
Ulcerative colitis is a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that affects the lining of the large intestine (colon) and rectum. In ulcerative colitis, the lining of the colon becomes inflamed and develops ulcers or open sores that produce pus and mucous. The symptoms of ulcerative colitis include diarrhea, abdominal pain, and rectal bleeding.
The exact cause of ulcerative colitis is not known, but it is thought to be related to an abnormal immune response in which the body's immune system attacks the cells in the digestive tract. The inflammation can be triggered by environmental factors such as diet, stress, and infections.
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic condition that can cause symptoms ranging from mild to severe. It can also lead to complications such as anemia, malnutrition, and colon cancer. There is no cure for ulcerative colitis, but treatment options such as medications, lifestyle changes, and surgery can help manage the symptoms and prevent complications.
The rectum is the lower end of the digestive tract, located between the sigmoid colon and the anus. It serves as a storage area for feces before they are eliminated from the body. The rectum is about 12 cm long in adults and is surrounded by layers of muscle that help control defecation. The mucous membrane lining the rectum allows for the detection of stool, which triggers the reflex to have a bowel movement.
A colonoscopy is a medical procedure used to examine the large intestine, also known as the colon and rectum. It is performed using a flexible tube with a tiny camera on the end, called a colonoscope, which is inserted into the rectum and gently guided through the entire length of the colon.
The procedure allows doctors to visually inspect the lining of the colon for any abnormalities such as polyps, ulcers, inflammation, or cancer. If any polyps are found during the procedure, they can be removed immediately using special tools passed through the colonoscope. Colonoscopy is an important tool in the prevention and early detection of colorectal cancer, which is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide.
Patients are usually given a sedative to help them relax during the procedure, which is typically performed on an outpatient basis in a hospital or clinic setting. The entire procedure usually takes about 30-60 minutes to complete, although patients should plan to spend several hours at the medical facility for preparation and recovery.
The intestinal mucosa is the innermost layer of the intestines, which comes into direct contact with digested food and microbes. It is a specialized epithelial tissue that plays crucial roles in nutrient absorption, barrier function, and immune defense. The intestinal mucosa is composed of several cell types, including absorptive enterocytes, mucus-secreting goblet cells, hormone-producing enteroendocrine cells, and immune cells such as lymphocytes and macrophages.
The surface of the intestinal mucosa is covered by a single layer of epithelial cells, which are joined together by tight junctions to form a protective barrier against harmful substances and microorganisms. This barrier also allows for the selective absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream. The intestinal mucosa also contains numerous lymphoid follicles, known as Peyer's patches, which are involved in immune surveillance and defense against pathogens.
In addition to its role in absorption and immunity, the intestinal mucosa is also capable of producing hormones that regulate digestion and metabolism. Dysfunction of the intestinal mucosa can lead to various gastrointestinal disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, and food allergies.
Functional colonic diseases are a group of disorders of the large intestine (colon) that do not have a structural or biochemical explanation. They are characterized by chronic and often intermittent symptoms, such as abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel habits, but do not show any visible abnormalities or damage to the tissue of the colon during routine examination or testing.
The most common functional colonic diseases include:
1. Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): A disorder characterized by recurrent abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel habits, such as constipation or diarrhea.
2. Functional Constipation: A condition where a person experiences difficult or infrequent bowel movements, but there is no obvious structural or biochemical cause.
3. Functional Diarrhea: A disorder characterized by frequent loose stools, but without any underlying structural or biochemical abnormalities.
4. Abdominal Bloating: A condition where the belly feels full and tight, often accompanied by discomfort or pain, but without any visible distention.
5. Functional Abdominal Pain Syndrome: A disorder characterized by chronic or recurrent abdominal pain that is not associated with any structural or biochemical abnormalities.
The exact cause of functional colonic diseases is unknown, but they are believed to be related to a combination of factors, including genetics, environmental factors, altered gut motility, visceral hypersensitivity, and psychological factors such as stress and anxiety. Treatment typically involves lifestyle modifications, such as changes in diet and exercise, and medication to manage symptoms.
Colonic neoplasms refer to abnormal growths in the large intestine, also known as the colon. These growths can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). The two most common types of colonic neoplasms are adenomas and carcinomas.
Adenomas are benign tumors that can develop into cancer over time if left untreated. They are often found during routine colonoscopies and can be removed during the procedure.
Carcinomas, on the other hand, are malignant tumors that invade surrounding tissues and can spread to other parts of the body. Colorectal cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States, and colonic neoplasms are a significant risk factor for developing this type of cancer.
Regular screenings for colonic neoplasms are recommended for individuals over the age of 50 or those with a family history of colorectal cancer or other risk factors. Early detection and removal of colonic neoplasms can significantly reduce the risk of developing colorectal cancer.
Colonic polyps are abnormal growths that protrude from the inner wall of the colon (large intestine). They can vary in size, shape, and number. Most colonic polyps are benign, meaning they are not cancerous. However, some types of polyps, such as adenomas, have a higher risk of becoming cancerous over time if left untreated.
Colonic polyps often do not cause any symptoms, especially if they are small. Larger polyps may lead to symptoms like rectal bleeding, changes in bowel habits, abdominal pain, or iron deficiency anemia. The exact cause of colonic polyps is not known, but factors such as age, family history, and certain medical conditions (like inflammatory bowel disease) can increase the risk of developing them.
Regular screening exams, such as colonoscopies, are recommended for individuals over the age of 50 to detect and remove polyps before they become cancerous. If you have a family history of colonic polyps or colorectal cancer, your doctor may recommend earlier or more frequent screenings.
Hirschsprung's disease
Diverticular disease
Anorectal disorder
Hinchey Classification
Diverticulitis
Volvulus
Sir William Arbuthnot Lane, 1st Baronet
Alkaline phosphatase
Endoscope
Myenteric plexus
Malabsorption
Gastrointestinal disease
Vaccine misinformation
Diverticulosis
Mesalazine
Segmental colitis associated with diverticulosis
Colorectal adenoma
Supertaster
Microbial drug delivery
Ileostomy
Radiation enteropathy
Appendicitis
Dextran drug delivery systems
Colonic ulcer
CD83
Oesophagostomum
HLA-DR1
Bowel obstruction
Gut microbiota
Campbelltown, New South Wales
Colonic Diseases - Multiple Languages: MedlinePlus
Colonic gene mapping gives insights into intestinal diseases | ScienceDaily
SILS ileocaecectomy for complicated ileo-colonic Crohn's disease from the SAGES Video Library
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Crohn's28
- There is growing evidence from epidemiological studies and clinicopathological data obtained from case reports that Crohn's disease is associated with an increased risk of carcinoma of the large bowel. (medscape.com)
- A 70-year-old Arabic African man with undiagnosed Crohn's disease presented with acute abdominal obstruction due to an occlusive carcinoma of the sigmoid. (medscape.com)
- The risk of colonic carcinoma in Crohn's disease is increasing. (medscape.com)
- Cite this: Colonic Adenocarcinoma Revealing Crohn's Disease: A Case Report - Medscape - May 01, 2010. (medscape.com)
- But the pattern of disease in the colon shows up more like Crohn's. (crohnsforum.com)
- No, UC is different from colonic Crohn's. (crohnsforum.com)
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) primarily consists of two main ailments: Ulcerative Colitis (UC) and Crohn's Disease (CD). (crohnsforum.com)
- Emerging evidence suggests that mechanical stress in the gut also leads to up-regulation of certain proliferative and pro-fibrotic mediators such as connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and osteopontin (OPN), which may contribute to fibrostenotic Crohn's disease. (frontiersin.org)
- Additionally, we integrated results from the scRNA-seq analysis of tissues from first-trimester (6-11 PCW) intestine, paediatric Crohn's disease and healthy ileum 1 . (nature.com)
- Changes in Therapy Are Not Associated with Increased Remission in Patients with Crohn's Disease of the Pouch. (amedeo.com)
- Three-Dimensional Modeling to Guide Interventional Endoscopy in Fibrostenotic Crohn's Disease. (amedeo.com)
- Prognostic value of the modified Rutgeerts' score for long-term outcomes after primary ileocecal resection in Crohn's disease. (amedeo.com)
- Baseline Clinical Factors are Associated with Risk of Complications in Crohn's Disease: Appraisal of the AGA Clinical Care Pathway. (amedeo.com)
- August 22, 2022 -- Researchers, led by Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), have found that inhibitors of an enzyme called Speckled Protein 140 (SP140) can reverse intestinal abnormalities in mice with inflammation characteristic of Crohn's disease. (scienceboard.net)
- Their research, published August 18 in the journal Cell , shows that mutations within SP140 are associated with an increased risk of Crohn's disease -- a type of inflammatory bowel disease -- and reveals that SP140 loss results in unleashed activity of a particular enzyme. (scienceboard.net)
- The study also offers potential therapeutic targets by suggesting that certain anticancer drugs may also target a key player in Crohn's disease. (scienceboard.net)
- Applying a combination of human genetics, proteomics, biochemistry, utilization of primary immune cells from Crohn's disease individuals, and in vivo animal studies, our study highlights the power of examining human disease-associated genetic mutations to advance mechanistic understanding of disease," Kate Jeffrey, PhD, a principal investigator of immunology at MGH and an associate professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School. (scienceboard.net)
- It revealed how dysregulation of epigenetic factors drive diseases such as Crohn's that are rising in incidence because of the complex interplay of genes plus environment. (scienceboard.net)
- Let's focus on Crohn's disease. (consultantlive.com)
- Not everyone always has this image of colonic Crohn's as these terrible, deep rake ulcers. (consultantlive.com)
- somebody with colonic Crohn's disease has significant, sufficient symptoms to go on a course of prednisone, but has no other high-risk factors. (consultantlive.com)
- We detected similar networks of oral bacteria at both oral and colonic mucosal surfaces, including in individuals with colonic lesions (on and off the tumour), healthy controls and children with and without Crohn's disease. (bmj.com)
- IBD is comprised of two conditions: ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. (news-medical.net)
- Panniculitis is an aggravation of the fatty layer underneath the skin which occurs due to Crohn's disease (inflammation of the digestive system) or ulcerative colitis (inflammation of the colon and rectum). (news-medical.net)
- Pyostomatitis vegetans can be a symptom of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. (news-medical.net)
- It most commonly affects women and is caused by Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. (news-medical.net)
- This skin symptom can be the result of ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease. (news-medical.net)
- Millions of people worldwide suffer from IBD in the form of either ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease, and few effective long-term treatments are available. (neurosciencenews.com)
Mucosa4
- Pathological review of histology demonstrated ragged colonic mucosa with ulcerative debris and nonpolarizing crystalline material at the sites of ulceration, morphologically consistent with the phosphate binder, sevelamer carbonate. (hindawi.com)
- However, it is not known if colonic mucosa-associated taxa are indeed orally derived, if such cases are a distinct subset of patients or if the oral microbiome is generally suitable for screening for CRC. (bmj.com)
- A trend towards reduced inhibition of T-cell proliferation was noted in the presence of CC-DNB-CM. In conclusion, our in vitro model reveals implications of soluble factors from CC colonic mucosa on peripheral T cells, enhancing their production of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. (hindawi.com)
- The colonic mucosa is macroscopically normal or almost normal and the diagnosis relies on microscopic assessment of mucosal biopsies. (hindawi.com)
Motility3
- Purpose: To (1) evaluate the colonic manometry equipment and protocols used in the assessment of the post-operative HD population and (2) summarize the available evidence regarding colonic motility patterns in children with HD following surgical repair. (edu.au)
- The differential diagnosis for these common esophageal symptoms is vast and could be Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE), Obstruction, Motility Disorder, or Functional Esophageal Disorder. (iffgd.org)
- Inflammation of the colon reduces the amount of water and electrolytes absorbed and changes colonic motility by suppressing the normal colonic contractions and by stimulating giant migrating contractions. (merckvetmanual.com)
Hirschsprung9
- In children, diseases such as Hirschsprung disease or Chagas disease can cause severe swelling of the colon, called megacolon , which can lead to volvulus. (nih.gov)
- Typically, Hirschsprung disease is diagnosed shortly after birth, although it may develop well into adulthood, because of the presence of megacolon, or because the baby fails to pass the first stool (meconium) within 48 hours of delivery. (wikipedia.org)
- Those who pass stools after 36 to 48 hours after birth should raise suspicion of Hirschsprung disease. (wikipedia.org)
- Enterocolitis, an acute complication of Hirschsprung disease, is characterised by sudden onset of fever, abdominal distension, vomiting, passage of bloody stools or release of explosive gas or stools after rectal examination. (wikipedia.org)
- Background: A significant proportion of children experience bowel dysfunction (including constipation and fecal incontinence) following surgical repair of Hirschsprung disease (HD). (edu.au)
- Background: Smooth muscle differentiation ("adventitial fibromuscular dysplasia," AFD) was purported as specific to arteries in the transition zone of Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) patients. (elsevierpure.com)
- Thaker, AI & Kapur, RP 2018, ' Colonic Adventitial Fibromuscular Dysplasia: A Nonspecific Arteriopathy Associated With Hirschsprung Disease and Other Obstructive Disorders ', Pediatric and Developmental Pathology , vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 363-370. (elsevierpure.com)
- Consider Hirschsprung disease (absence of colonic ganglion cells) in cases of pediatric constipation. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Hirschsprung disease accounts for 25% of all newborn intestinal obstructions and can present as milder cases diagnosed in older children with chronic constipation, abdominal distension, and decreased growth. (unboundmedicine.com)
Colon5
- Gross pathologic findings ranged from no obvious lesions in mildly affected toads to thickened colonic walls with hyperemic serosal vasculature and hemorrhagic content in severely affected toads ( Figure 1 , panel A). Histologically appreciable lesions (invasive amebiasis) were commonly limited to the colon, although in severely affected toads, lesions extended through the small intestine and, rarely, into the stomach. (cdc.gov)
- Sounds like majority of disease is in colon. (crohnsforum.com)
- They are similar diseases, but as its name suggests, UC is confined to the colon (and rectum). (crohnsforum.com)
- Colonic volvulus occurs when the colon twists around the tissue that holds it in place, called mesentery. (nih.gov)
- Colonic diverticulosis is the presence of one or more diverticula in the colon. (msdmanuals.com)
Inflammation4
- [ 7 ] CF lung disease is characterized by chronic airway inflammation and infection, leading to early structural changes of the airways, such as airway wall thickening and mucus plugging. (medscape.com)
- Colonic ischemia is caused by insufficient perfusion of the intestinal wall that leads to hypoxia, reperfusion injury, and colonic inflammation. (empendium.com)
- 5. Colonic inflammation in Parkinson's disease. (nih.gov)
- We show that these programs are adopted in inflammatory bowel disease to recruit and retain immune cells at the site of inflammation. (nature.com)
Colitis4
- Ischemic colitis is the most frequent and less severe form of colonic ischemia. (empendium.com)
- This case vignette describes an underrecognized adverse effect of a phosphate binder, sevelamer carbonate, inducing colitis in a 47-year-old male with insulin-dependent diabetes complicated by end-stage renal disease. (hindawi.com)
- Colitis is a common disease in dogs and cats most commonly characterized by chronic diarrhea of unknown origin. (merckvetmanual.com)
- Granulomatous colitis is a rare, breed-specific inflammatory bowel disease of young Boxer dogs and French bulldogs. (merckvetmanual.com)
Esophageal2
- Small intestinal disease, esophageal disease, and, most recently, colonic disease have all benefited from technological developments in capsule endoscopy systems. (researchandmarkets.com)
- Based on Disease Type, the market is segmented into Small Intestine Disorder, Esophageal Disorder, and Colonic Disorder. (researchandmarkets.com)
Pathology2
Ischemia4
- Colonic ischemia occurs more frequently in women and older patients. (empendium.com)
- Increased mortality rates occur in patients with chronic kidney disease or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, in those requiring surgical management, and in patients with isolated right colonic ischemia. (empendium.com)
- Colonoscopy demonstrated nearly obstructing lesions worrisome for colonic ischemia or inflammatory bowel disease. (hindawi.com)
- Biopsy histology was suspicious for colonic ischemia, and there were no histologic features of inflammatory bowel disease. (hindawi.com)
Symptoms10
- What are the symptoms of colonic volvulus? (nih.gov)
- If you have symptoms of colonic volvulus or its complications, seek medical help right away. (nih.gov)
- Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and any history of conditions that may be risk factors for colonic volvulus. (nih.gov)
- Persistent symptoms are thought to relate to underlying colonic and/or anorectal dysmotility. (edu.au)
- An interview-based rating scale consisting of 15 items for assessment of gastrointestinal symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome and peptic ulcer disease has been developed. (nih.gov)
- Causes, Diagnostic Testing, and Treatment of Residual Symptoms in Patients With IBD With Quiescent Disease. (amedeo.com)
- Symptoms of this disease may start to appear as an Adult. (nih.gov)
- The age symptoms may begin to appear differs between diseases. (nih.gov)
- The symptoms from some diseases may begin at any age. (nih.gov)
- The types of symptoms experienced, and their intensity, may vary among people with this disease. (nih.gov)
Etiology1
- The etiology of colonic diverticulosis is multifactorial and not entirely known. (msdmanuals.com)
Severe6
- A) Toad with severe colonic amebiasis. (cdc.gov)
- She mentioned he has severe colonic ulceration. (crohnsforum.com)
- Decreased hemoglobin and albumin levels and the presence of metabolic acidosis predict a more severe disease. (empendium.com)
- Conclusions: Patients with severe constipation that is refractory to medical treatment may display an important reduction of colonic forceful propulsive activity. (helpforibs.com)
- A Review of Available Medical Therapies to Treat Moderate to Severe Inflammatory Bowel Disease in 2023. (amedeo.com)
- Ed, we fast-forwarded to patients with biologics and those patients with more severe disease-however we want to define that-but we still have these low-risk patients in our practice and our colleagues have them in their practices. (consultantlive.com)
Mucosal1
- Definition of Diverticular Disease Diverticula are saclike mucosal pouches that protrude from a tubular structure. (msdmanuals.com)
Tumor1
- At laparotomy, the colonic tumor was excised with continuity restored by end-to-end anastomosis. (medscape.com)
Constipation1
- Children who do not respond to constipation treatment for six months should also raise suspicion of such disease. (wikipedia.org)
Digestive Diseases1
- He was appointed to the National Commission on Digestive Diseases in 1977 by the Secretary of Health and Human Services. (rochester.edu)
Patients12
- 9. Clinical correlates of serum insulin-like growth factor-1 in patients with Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy and progressive supranuclear palsy. (nih.gov)
- Interventions: Twenty-four hour manometric recordings obtained in patients and controls to assess high- and low-amplitude colonic propulsive activity. (helpforibs.com)
- The Role of Intestinal Ultrasound During Pregnancy in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease. (amedeo.com)
- Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Higher Visceral Adipose Tissue Burden May Benefit From Higher Infliximab Concentrations to Achieve Remission. (amedeo.com)
- Effectiveness and Safety of Antiobesity Medications in Patients With Obesity and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. (amedeo.com)
- Monitoring Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease at High Risk of Anal Cancer. (amedeo.com)
- This instructional video describes the creation of a loop ileostomy and colonic lavage for patients with this disease. (sages.org)
- I think the patients with older onset colonic disease tend to not develop strictures or internal fistulas. (consultantlive.com)
- After ruling out common infectious disease (parasitic, bacterial, fungal) diet change can control signs of most of the patients. (merckvetmanual.com)
- Finally, it is particularly important to remember that many intestinal biopsies from many canine patients with small intestinal disease do not exhibit morphologic abnormalities on routine light microscopic examination. (vin.com)
- Recently, we reported on increased local activation of both CD4 + and CD8 + T cells in the lamina propria and epithelium of CC patients, demonstrated as increased expression of CD45RO and the proliferation marker Ki67, using flow cytometric analysis of freshly isolated lymphocytes from colonic biopsies [ 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Initially, patients may experience intermittent claudication which is an exercise-induced, crampy, heavy feeling in the muscles of the calf, and thigh, or disease in the arterial tree. (encyclopedia.com)
Occurs2
- Hirschsprung's disease occurs in about one in 5,000 of newborns. (wikipedia.org)
- This arterial disease can occur anywhere along the vascular tree, but occurs more commonly at branch points, where blood vessels bifurcate. (encyclopedia.com)
Colorectal2
- Background and aims Microbiota alterations are linked with colorectal cancer (CRC) and notably higher abundance of putative oral bacteria on colonic tumours. (bmj.com)
- Methods We profiled the microbiota in oral swabs, colonic mucosae and stool from individuals with CRC (99 subjects), colorectal polyps (32) or controls (103). (bmj.com)
HSCR2
- Hirschsprung's disease (HD or HSCR) is a birth defect in which nerves are missing from parts of the intestine. (wikipedia.org)
- Design: Vascular histology in sections from colonic HSCR resections (n = 55) was compared with age- and site-matched controls with (n = 19) and without (n = 28) non-HSCR obstructive conditions. (elsevierpure.com)
Complications2
MeSH1
- 413 disease terms (MeSH) has been reported with SLC6A4 gene. (cdc.gov)
Ischemic1
- With disease progression, ischemic symptomology is elicited with less and less activity, eventually occurring at rest. (encyclopedia.com)
Taxa2
- The emergence of new diseases in wildlife substantially threatens global biodiversity in many taxa ( 1 ), but amphibians face unusually high risk for pathogen-mediated population declines ( 2 , 3 ). (cdc.gov)
- High abundance of Lachnospiraceae was negatively associated with the colonisation of colonic tissue with oral-like bacterial networks suggesting a protective role for certain microbiota types against CRC, possibly by conferring colonisation resistance to CRC-associated oral taxa and possibly mediated through habitual diet. (bmj.com)
Associated with Hirschsprung's disease3
- Several genes and specific regions on chromosomes (loci) have been shown or suggested to be associated with Hirschsprung's disease: The RET proto-oncogene accounts for the highest proportion of both familial and sporadic cases, with a wide range of mutations scattered along its entire coding region. (wikipedia.org)
- Research suggests that several genes are associated with Hirschsprung's disease. (wikipedia.org)
- We describe neural cell populations in the developing enteric nervous system, and predict cell-type-specific expression of genes associated with Hirschsprung's disease. (nature.com)
Disorder1
- Hirschsprung's disease can also present as part of multi system disorders, such as: Bardet-Biedl syndrome Cartilage-hair hypoplasia Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome MEN2 Mowat-Wilson syndrome Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) Some forms of Waardenburg syndrome The disorder may occur by itself or in association with other genetic disorders such as Down syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
Diabetes1
- A 47-year-old male with hypertension and insulin-dependent diabetes complicated by end-stage renal disease presented with a 2-day history of crampy abdominal pain. (hindawi.com)
Systematic review2
- Conclusions: This systematic review highlighted the paucity of evidence informing the understanding of colonic dysmotility in the post-operative HD cohort. (edu.au)
- Early Remission With Induction Therapy Predicts Long-Term Remission in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. (amedeo.com)
Gene1
- RARe-SOURCE™ offers rare disease gene variant annotations and links to rare disease gene literature. (nih.gov)
Inflammatory Bowel Di2
- A Narrative Review of Financial Burden, Distress, and Toxicity of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases in the United States. (amedeo.com)
- Bacillus coagulans (PROBACI) bacteria have been examined for efficacy against infectious or inflammatory bowel diseases. (lww.com)
Clinical1
- Diagnosis of chronic occlusion atheromatous disease consists of a thorough clinical exam, including both noninvasive and invasive testing. (encyclopedia.com)
Immunology1
- Immunology of the Gastrointestinal Tract Colonic Diseases . (lecom.edu)
Electrolyte2
- Conditions other than CF that are associated with elevated sweat electrolyte concentrations include adrenal insufficiency , anorexia nervosa , celiac disease, malnutrition , hypothyroidism , and congenital metabolic diseases . (medscape.com)
- End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is associated with multiple metabolic and electrolyte derangements. (hindawi.com)
Vascular1
- With the increase in life expectancy that has occurred since the early twentieth century, greater numbers of older adults are suffering from atherosclerosis and vascular-related diseases. (encyclopedia.com)
Conclusion1
- Conclusion The heterogeneity of CRC may relate to microbiota types that either predispose or provide resistance to the disease, and profiling the oral microbiome may offer an alternative screen for detecting CRC. (bmj.com)
Pulmonary disease1
- A sweat chloride value greater than 60 mEq/L distinguishes CF from other forms of chronic pulmonary disease. (medscape.com)
Diagnosis1
- GeneReviews provides scientific information on genetic diseases, including diagnosis, treatment, and genetic counseling. (nih.gov)
Bacterial1
- We detected similar bacterial networks in colonic microbiota and oral microbiota datasets comprising putative oral biofilm forming bacteria. (bmj.com)
Risk5
- 18 Experts think this condition is more common because people in these regions are more likely to eat a high-fiber diet, which is a risk factor for colonic volvulus. (nih.gov)
- Certain structural differences and risk factors may increase the chance of colonic volvulus. (nih.gov)
- Initial IBD therapy for a patient with low-risk disease and measuring treatment response on initial therapy. (consultantlive.com)
- According to the authors, eating a diet high in animal protein and low in plant-based foods may increase colonic disease risk. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Additionally, people with a family history of atherosclerosis, high blood pressure , or heart disease are at greater risk than the rest of the population. (encyclopedia.com)
Symptomatic1
- Several studies have suggested a correlation between symptomatic diverticular disease and environmental factors such as a diet low in fiber or high in red meat, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, smoking, and use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), aspirin , acetaminophen , corticosteroids, and opioids. (msdmanuals.com)
Gastrointestinal disease1
- It is also indicated when there are abnormal but not diagnostic radiographic findings, or when screening tests such as serum cobalamin, folate or trypsin-like immunoreactivity indicate the presence of gastrointestinal disease. (vin.com)
Chronic1
- Mesenchymal cells are actively involved in the inflammatory process in the gut and can perpetuate chronic gut inflammatory conditions like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) [ 3 - 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
Investigation1
- 7. Brain alpha-synuclein accumulation in multiple system atrophy, Parkinson's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy: a comparative investigation. (nih.gov)