Climacteric
Ethylenes
Hot Flashes
Perimenopause
Cimicifuga
Menopause
Norpregnenes
Prunus
Cyclopropanes
Plant Growth Regulators
Lycopersicon esculentum
Estrogen Replacement Therapy
Postmenopause
Amino Acid Oxidoreductases
Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
Paresthesia
Plant Proteins
Uterine Hemorrhage
Lyases
Estrogens
Prevalence of and factors associated with hormone replacement therapy counseling: results from the 1994 National Health Interview Survey. (1/121)
OBJECTIVES: This study estimated the prevalence of and the factors associated with hormone replacement therapy (HRT) counseling. METHODS: We analyzed the responses of 3170 women, aged 40 to 60 years, from the 1994 National Health Interview Survey. RESULTS: The prevalence of HRT counseling was 43.6%. Women were more likely to report having received HRT counseling if they were White, older, more educated, had had a hysterectomy, had experienced menopausal symptoms, and had a regular source of care. CONCLUSIONS: More attention should be directed at counseling non-White women and women with less formal education. Reducing the barriers to having a regular source of care appears to increase the likelihood of receiving HRT counseling. (+info)Longitudinal study of risk factors for coronary heart disease across the menopausal transition. (2/121)
The patterns of change in blood lipids, diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, smoking and drinking behaviors, and exercise were examined in an ongoing longitudinal study from 1991 to 1995 of 150 middle-aged Melbourne, Australia, women as they passed through menopause. Changes in risk factors over time were examined with reference to time of the final menstrual period (FMP). Random effects models were fitted with adjustments for repeated measures and other covariates, including age. There were overall net increases between 3 years before and the 3 years after menopause of 0.25 mmol/liter for low density lipoprotein cholesterol, 0.05 mmol/liter for high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL cholesterol), 0.34 mmol/liter for triglycerides, 0.12 kg/m2 for body mass index, and 0.48 mmHg for diastolic pressure. The proportion of drinkers decreased by 13%, that of smokers increased by 17%, and that of women who exercised at least once a week increased by 6%. The only change dependent on the FMP was a significant decrease in HDL cholesterol (counterbalanced by a similar rise in HDL cholesterol in the year before the FMP), and the rate of decrease was maximal around 9 months after menses ceased, with an instantaneous estimate of slope of 0.55 mmol/liter per year. (+info)High endogenous estradiol is associated with increased venous distensibility and clinical evidence of varicose veins in menopausal women. (3/121)
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine if there is an association between elevated sex hormones (ie, serum estradiol, sex hormone binding globulin [SHBG], testosterone) and increased venous distension and clinical evidence of varicose veins in menopausal women. METHODS: Participants were 104 healthy volunteer menopausal women, aged 48 to 65 years, who were not undergoing hormonal treatment. Of these 104, 14 were excluded from analyses because their estradiol levels were compatible with a premenopausal condition (4), because they had missing values for insulin concentration (5), and because they did not show up at venous vessel examination (5). Patients underwent a physical examination to determine the presence of varicose veins; a venous strain-gauge plethysmographic examination to compute instrumental measures of venous distensibility; and laboratory analyses of blood so serum testosterone, estradiol, SHBG, glucose, and insulin could be measured. There were also prevalence ratios and odds ratios used to test the presence of an association between biochemical and instrumental variables. RESULTS: Serum levels of estradiol in the upper tertile of the frequency distribution were significantly associated with clinical evidence of varicose veins (prevalence odds ratios 3.6; 95% CI 1.1-11.6) and with increased lower limb venous distensibility (prevalence odds ratios 4.4; 95% CI 1.2-15.5). No association was found for SHBG and testosterone. CONCLUSIONS: Our finding that high serum levels of estradiol are associated with clinical evidence of varicose veins and instrumental measurements indicating increased venous distensibility in menopausal women suggests that endogenous estrogens may play a role in the development of this very common venous vessel abnormalities. (+info)Effects of exercise experienced in the life stages on climacteric symptoms for females. (4/121)
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of exercise experienced in the life stages on climacteric symptoms for females after menopause. Four-hundred and eight postmenopausal women completed a questionnaire. The results were as follows: (1) Mean age at menopause +/- standard deviation was 50.1 +/- 0.5 and did not show a significant relationship with the degree of exercise in the life stages. (2) The degree of climacteric symptoms had a significant relationship, or a tendency toward a significant relationship, with the degree of exercise in and after the 40's; and the greater the degree of exercise, the lesser the degree of climacteric symptoms. (3) Kupperman's index was found to be, or tended to be, significantly related to the degree of exercise in and after the 30's. Those who exercised heavily in their 30's showed a significantly lower Kupperman's index. Those who answered that they had exercised "moderately" in their "40's to menopause" and "menopause to 60 years old" tended to have the lowest index. (4) Exercise experience in the life stages was negatively correlated, in particular, to psychosomatic symptoms among the 3 climacteric symptom categories. This negative correlation tended to be higher in those who answered that they had done "less exercise" in and after their 30's. (5) A significant relationship was noted between the degree of exercise in the 30's and "weakness" in Kupperman's index, and between exercise in and after the 40's and "nervousness" and "melancholia". Therefore, it is suggested that exercising "moderately" from the subjective viewpoint in the climacteric period may alleviate psychosomatic symptoms. (+info)Climacteric complaints in the community. (5/121)
BACKGROUND: At the onset of the climacteric, healthy middle-aged women present with a variety of complaints, especially in general practice. In these first years of entering the menopause, vaginal blood loss alters from irregular periods to complete amenorrhoea. According to these different menstrual patterns, we can distinguish a pre-, peri- and postmenopausal phase. It could be useful to know whether specific climacteric complaints are related to these different phases. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between climacteric complaints and the menstrual pattern during the menopausal transition in a population-based cross-sectional survey of healthy middle-aged women. METHODS: All women aged 47-54 years, living in the city of Eindhoven, were invited to participate in the Eindhoven Osteoporosis Study (EPOS); 6648 (78%) agreed to participate. All women completed a questionnaire concerning climacteric complaints. Climacteric status was defined by menstrual history. Odds ratios (ORs) were obtained for the relationship between climacteric status and climacteric complaints. Multiple logistic regression analysis was carried out, with climacteric status as the dependent variable. RESULTS: Of the 27 items in the questionnaire concerning climacteric complaints, seven were significantly different between all three climacteric phases (P: < 0.1). After multiple logistic regression analysis, comparing peri- and premenopause, only flushing (OR 5.9) was significantly different. Between post- and perimenopause, seven symptoms appeared to be different: three urogenital complaints [vaginal dryness (OR 1.6), vaginal discharge (OR 0.4) and pain during intercourse (OR 1.9)], three vasomotor symptoms [daytime sweating (OR 1.4), night-time sweating (OR 0.7) and flushing (OR 1.9)] and, finally, insomnia (OR 1.3). When comparing post- and premenopause, flushing (OR 13.4), insomnia (OR 2.1) and depressed mood (OR 0.6) were significantly different, in addition to three urogenital symptoms: vaginal dryness (OR 2.6), vaginal discharge (OR 0.3) and pain during intercourse (OR 2.1). CONCLUSION: The major findings of the study are that flushing is strongly associated with the transition from pre- to perimenopause, while urogenital complaints, daytime sweating and insomnia are more prominent in the transition from peri- to postmenopause. (+info)Comparison between 1 year oral and transdermal oestradiol and sequential norethisterone acetate on circulating concentrations of leptin in postmenopausal women. (6/121)
BACKGROUND: Oral and transdermal postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) affects lipid and glucose metabolism differently, which is of significance in the release of leptin by adipocytes. Moreover, oestrogen and progesterone can stimulate leptin secretion in women of reproductive age. Therefore, we compared the effects of oral and transdermal oestrogen plus progestin regimen on plasma leptin in 38 healthy postmenopausal women with normal body mass index (BMI), who wished to use HRT to control incapacitating climacteric symptoms. METHODS: The women were randomized to treatment with oral HRT (2 mg oestradiol on days 1--12, 2 mg oestradiol plus 1 mg norethisterone acetate (NETA) on days 13--22, and 1 mg oestradiol on days 23--28, n = 19), or with transdermal HRT (50 microg/day of oestradiol on days 1--13, and 50 microg oestradiol plus 250 microg/day NETA on days 14--28, n = 19) for 1 year. Plasma samples were collected before and at oestradiol + NETA phase after 2, 6 and 12 months treatment and were assayed for leptin. RESULTS: The baseline leptin, ranging from 3.3 to 34.9 microg/l, was significantly associated with BMI (r = 0.78, P < 0.0001 ), but showed no difference between women in oral HRT (geometric mean 13.9 microg/l, 95% confidence interval (CI) 10.1--17.6 microg/l) or transdermal HRT group (geometric mean 12.0 microg/l, 95% CI 9.7--14.3 microg/l). Neither oral nor transdermal oestradiol + NETA caused any significant changes in plasma leptin (or BMI) after 2, 6, or 12 months of treatment. CONCLUSION: Leptin is an unsuitable factor to detect oestradiol + NETA-induced metabolic changes in postmenopausal women. (+info)The andropause and memory loss: is there a link between androgen decline and dementia in the aging male? (7/121)
Studies demonstrate a decline in androgens with age and this results in the andropause. The objective of this paper is to review the literature on hormonal changes that occur in the aging males and determine if there are associations between decreased testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and decreased cognitive function. Trials of androgen replacement and its impact on cognitive function will also be analyzed. Method of analysis will be by a thorough search of articles on MEDLINE, the Internet and major abstract databases. Results of the author's own research in 302 men of the association of memory loss as a symptom in the andropause will be presented. In addition, the authors open trial of testosterone replacement in hypogonadic men with Alzheimer's disease will also be presented. The results of the author's trial will be compared with other investigators. High endogenous testosterone level predicted better performance on visual spatial tests in several studies, but not in all studies. Likewise, testosterone replacement in hypogonadic patients improved cognitive functions in some but not all studies. Testosterone has also been shown to improve cognitive function in eugonadal men. Several studies have shown that declines in DHEA may contribute to Alzheimer's disease and the results of double blind studies with DHEA replacement and its effect on cognition will also be presented. In summary, there is still no consensus that androgen replacement is beneficial in cognitive decline but this option may prove promising in some patients. (+info)Psychiatric morbidity and the menopause; screening of general population sample. (8/121)
A survey of 539 women from the general population indicated a high prevalence of minor psychiatric illness in women aged 40-55 years. There was evidence of an increase in psychiatric morbidity occurring before the menopause and lasting until about one year after menstrual periods had ended. Vasomotor symptoms increased dramatically when periods stopped and persisted up to five years after the menopause. Both these features seemed to have a clear relation to the menopause but not the same relation. The findings suggested that further investigation of the relation between perimenopausal hormonal changes and psychiatric morbidity should be directed towards premenopausal women. Environmental factors, particularly in relation to children, seemed to be associated with increased psychiatric morbidity at this time of life. (+info)The climacteric, also known as perimenopause or menopausal transition, is a phase in a woman's reproductive life characterized by various physiological and hormonal changes that occur as she approaches menopause. The term "climacteric" comes from the Greek word "klimakter," which means "ladder" or "rung of a ladder."
During this phase, which typically begins in a woman's mid-to-late 40s and can last for several years, the production of estrogen and progesterone by the ovaries starts to decline. This decline in hormone levels can lead to a variety of symptoms, including:
* Irregular menstrual cycles
* Hot flashes and night sweats
* Sleep disturbances
* Mood changes
* Vaginal dryness and discomfort during sexual activity
* Decreased libido
* Urinary frequency or urgency
* Memory and cognitive changes
The climacteric is a natural phase of a woman's life, and while some women may experience significant symptoms, others may have few or no symptoms at all. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and other treatments are available to help manage the symptoms of the climacteric for those who find them disruptive or bothersome.
I believe there might be a misunderstanding in your question. "Ethylenes" is not a medical term or a medical condition. Ethylene is actually a colorless gas with a sweet and musky odor, which belongs to the class of hydrocarbons called alkenes. It is used widely in industry, including the production of polyethylene, antifreeze, and other chemicals.
However, if you meant something else or need information on a specific medical topic related to ethylene or its derivatives, please provide more context or clarify your question, and I would be happy to help.
A hot flash is a sudden, intense feeling of heat, particularly in the face, neck and chest regions, which is often accompanied by perspiration, reddening of the skin (flush or blush), and rapid heartbeat. It is a common symptom experienced by individuals, especially women during menopause or perimenopause, although it can also occur in other medical conditions or as a side effect of certain medications. The exact cause of hot flashes is not fully understood, but they are thought to be related to changes in hormone levels and the body's regulation of temperature.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "fruit" is not a medical term per se. It is a common term used to describe the part of a plant that develops from the ovary after flowering and contains seeds. However, in a nutritional or dietary context, "fruits" are often referred to as foods that are typically sweet and juicy, and come from plants' flowers. They are rich in fiber, vitamins, and minerals, making them an essential part of a healthy diet. But in a strict medical sense, there isn't a specific definition for "fruit."
Perimenopause is a term used to describe the phase before menopause where the ovaries gradually begin to produce less estrogen. It's also sometimes referred to as the "menopausal transition."
This stage can last for several years, typically starting in a woman's mid-40s, but it can begin in some women as early as their mid-30s or as late as their early 50s. During this time, menstrual cycles may become longer or shorter, and periods may be lighter or heavier.
The most significant sign of perimenopause is the irregularity of periods. However, other symptoms such as hot flashes, sleep disturbances, mood changes, and vaginal dryness can also occur, similar to those experienced during menopause.
Perimenopause ends after a woman has gone 12 months without having a period, which marks the start of menopause.
'Actinidia' is a genus of woody climbing plants native to East Asia, commonly known as "kiwifruit" or "Chinese gooseberries." The most commercially important species in this genus is Actinidia deliciosa, which produces the familiar fuzzy green kiwifruit. Other species in the genus include Actinidia arguta (smooth skin kiwi or kiwi berry) and Actinidia chinensis (golden kiwi). These plants are known for their edible fruit, which contains high levels of vitamin C and other nutrients. In a medical context, 'Actinidia' may be mentioned in relation to the health benefits of consuming kiwifruit or its potential use in natural medicine.
"Cimicifuga" is a genus of plants commonly known as black cohosh or bugbane. It belongs to the family Ranunculaceae and is native to North America. The plant has been used in traditional medicine for treating various health conditions, such as menopausal symptoms, menstrual cramps, and inflammation. However, it's essential to consult a healthcare professional before using any herbal remedies for medical purposes.
Menopause is a natural biological process that typically occurs in women in their mid-40s to mid-50s. It marks the end of menstrual cycles and fertility, defined as the absence of menstruation for 12 consecutive months. This transition period can last several years and is often accompanied by various physical and emotional symptoms such as hot flashes, night sweats, mood changes, sleep disturbances, and vaginal dryness. The hormonal fluctuations during this time, particularly the decrease in estrogen levels, contribute to these symptoms. It's essential to monitor and manage these symptoms to maintain overall health and well-being during this phase of life.
Norpregnenes are a class of steroids that are produced by the metabolism of progesterone and other pregnanes. They are characterized by the absence of a double bond between carbons 4 and 5, and the presence of a ketone group at carbon 3. Some examples of norpregnenes include dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), androstenedione, and pregnenolone. These steroids are important intermediates in the biosynthesis of various hormones, including cortisol, aldosterone, androgens, and estrogens. They play a role in various physiological processes such as sexual development, immune function, and stress response.
"Prunus" is a term that refers to a genus of plants, which includes many familiar fruits such as plums, cherries, peaches, and almonds. It's not a medical term, but rather a botanical one. The fruit of these plants are often used in food medicine due to their nutritional value and health benefits. For example, prunes (dried plums) are known for their laxative effects. However, the plant itself or its extracts can also have medicinal uses, mainly as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and cardioprotective agents.
Cyclopropanes are a class of organic compounds that contain a cyclic structure consisting of three carbon atoms joined by single bonds, forming a three-membered ring. The strain in the cyclopropane ring is due to the fact that the ideal tetrahedral angle at each carbon atom (109.5 degrees) cannot be achieved in a three-membered ring, leading to significant angular strain.
Cyclopropanes are important in organic chemistry because of their unique reactivity and synthetic utility. They can undergo various reactions, such as ring-opening reactions, that allow for the formation of new carbon-carbon bonds and the synthesis of complex molecules. Cyclopropanes have also been used as anesthetics, although their use in this application has declined due to safety concerns.
Cyclic amino acids are a type of modified amino acid where the side chain of the amino acid forms a ring structure. This is different from the typical structure of amino acids, which have a linear side chain. The formation of the ring can occur within the same amino acid molecule or between two amino acid molecules.
Cyclic amino acids play important roles in various biological processes. For example, some cyclic amino acids are involved in the structure and function of proteins, while others serve as signaling molecules or neurotransmitters. Some common examples of cyclic amino acids include proline, hydroxyproline, and sarcosine.
It is worth noting that not all modified amino acids with ring structures are considered cyclic amino acids. For example, some amino acids may have a sulfur atom in their side chain that forms a disulfide bond with another cysteine residue, but this is not considered a cyclic structure because the ring is formed between two separate molecules rather than within a single molecule.
Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are natural or synthetic chemical substances that, when present in low concentrations, can influence various physiological and biochemical processes in plants. These processes include cell division, elongation, and differentiation; flowering and fruiting; leaf senescence; and stress responses. PGRs can be classified into several categories based on their mode of action and chemical structure, including auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, ethylene, and others. They are widely used in agriculture to improve crop yield and quality, regulate plant growth and development, and enhance stress tolerance.
"Pyrus" is the genus name for the fruit tree species that includes pears. It is not a medical term, but a taxonomic category in biology. The fruits produced by these trees are commonly consumed and can have various health benefits, but "Pyrus" itself does not have a specific medical definition.
"Lycopersicon esculentum" is the scientific name for the common red tomato. It is a species of fruit from the nightshade family (Solanaceae) that is native to western South America and Central America. Tomatoes are widely grown and consumed in many parts of the world as a vegetable, although they are technically a fruit. They are rich in nutrients such as vitamin C, potassium, and lycopene, which has been studied for its potential health benefits.
Estrogen Replacement Therapy (ERT) is a medical treatment in which estrogen hormones are administered to replace the estrogen that is naturally produced by the ovaries but declines, especially during menopause. This therapy is often used to help manage symptoms of menopause such as hot flashes, night sweats, and vaginal dryness. It can also help prevent bone loss in postmenopausal women. ERT typically involves the use of estrogen alone, but in some cases, a combination of estrogen and progestin may be prescribed for women with a uterus to reduce the risk of endometrial cancer. However, ERT is associated with certain risks, including an increased risk of breast cancer, blood clots, and stroke, so it's important for women to discuss the potential benefits and risks with their healthcare provider before starting this therapy.
Postmenopause is a stage in a woman's life that follows 12 months after her last menstrual period (menopause) has occurred. During this stage, the ovaries no longer release eggs and produce lower levels of estrogen and progesterone hormones. The reduced levels of these hormones can lead to various physical changes and symptoms, such as hot flashes, vaginal dryness, and mood changes. Postmenopause is also associated with an increased risk of certain health conditions, including osteoporosis and heart disease. It's important for women in postmenopause to maintain a healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise, a balanced diet, and routine medical check-ups to monitor their overall health and manage any potential risks.
Amino acid oxidoreductases are a class of enzymes that catalyze the reversible oxidation and reduction reactions involving amino acids. They play a crucial role in the metabolism of amino acids by catalyzing the interconversion of L-amino acids to their corresponding α-keto acids, while simultaneously reducing a cofactor such as NAD(P)+ or FAD.
The reaction catalyzed by these enzymes can be represented as follows:
L-amino acid + H2O + Coenzyme (Oxidized) → α-keto acid + NH3 + Coenzyme (Reduced)
Amino acid oxidoreductases are classified into two main types based on their cofactor requirements and reaction mechanisms. The first type uses FAD as a cofactor and is called amino acid flavoprotein oxidoreductases. These enzymes typically catalyze the oxidative deamination of L-amino acids to form α-keto acids, ammonia, and reduced FAD. The second type uses pyridine nucleotides (NAD(P)+) as cofactors and is called amino acid pyridine nucleotide-dependent oxidoreductases. These enzymes catalyze the reversible interconversion of L-amino acids to their corresponding α-keto acids, while simultaneously reducing or oxidizing NAD(P)H/NAD(P)+.
Amino acid oxidoreductases are widely distributed in nature and play important roles in various biological processes, including amino acid catabolism, nitrogen metabolism, and the biosynthesis of various secondary metabolites. Dysregulation of these enzymes has been implicated in several diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders and cancer. Therefore, understanding the structure, function, and regulation of amino acid oxidoreductases is crucial for developing novel therapeutic strategies to treat these diseases.
Gene expression regulation in plants refers to the processes that control the production of proteins and RNA from the genes present in the plant's DNA. This regulation is crucial for normal growth, development, and response to environmental stimuli in plants. It can occur at various levels, including transcription (the first step in gene expression, where the DNA sequence is copied into RNA), RNA processing (such as alternative splicing, which generates different mRNA molecules from a single gene), translation (where the information in the mRNA is used to produce a protein), and post-translational modification (where proteins are chemically modified after they have been synthesized).
In plants, gene expression regulation can be influenced by various factors such as hormones, light, temperature, and stress. Plants use complex networks of transcription factors, chromatin remodeling complexes, and small RNAs to regulate gene expression in response to these signals. Understanding the mechanisms of gene expression regulation in plants is important for basic research, as well as for developing crops with improved traits such as increased yield, stress tolerance, and disease resistance.
Paresthesia is a medical term that describes an abnormal sensation such as tingling, numbness, prickling, or burning, usually in the hands, feet, arms, or legs. These sensations can occur without any obvious cause, often described as "pins and needles" or falling asleep in a limb. However, persistent paresthesia can be a sign of an underlying medical condition, such as nerve damage, diabetes, multiple sclerosis, or a vitamin deficiency. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional if experiencing persistent paresthesia to determine the cause and appropriate treatment.
"Plant proteins" refer to the proteins that are derived from plant sources. These can include proteins from legumes such as beans, lentils, and peas, as well as proteins from grains like wheat, rice, and corn. Other sources of plant proteins include nuts, seeds, and vegetables.
Plant proteins are made up of individual amino acids, which are the building blocks of protein. While animal-based proteins typically contain all of the essential amino acids that the body needs to function properly, many plant-based proteins may be lacking in one or more of these essential amino acids. However, by consuming a variety of plant-based foods throughout the day, it is possible to get all of the essential amino acids that the body needs from plant sources alone.
Plant proteins are often lower in calories and saturated fat than animal proteins, making them a popular choice for those following a vegetarian or vegan diet, as well as those looking to maintain a healthy weight or reduce their risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease and cancer. Additionally, plant proteins have been shown to have a number of health benefits, including improving gut health, reducing inflammation, and supporting muscle growth and repair.
Uterine hemorrhage, also known as uterine bleeding or gynecological bleeding, is an abnormal loss of blood from the uterus. It can occur in various clinical settings such as menstruation (known as menorrhagia), postpartum period (postpartum hemorrhage), or in non-pregnant women (dysfunctional uterine bleeding). The bleeding may be light to heavy, intermittent or continuous, and can be accompanied by symptoms such as pain, dizziness, or fainting. Uterine hemorrhage is a common gynecological problem that can have various underlying causes, including hormonal imbalances, structural abnormalities, coagulopathies, and malignancies. It is important to seek medical attention if experiencing heavy or prolonged uterine bleeding to determine the cause and receive appropriate treatment.
Phytotherapy is the use of extracts of natural origin, especially plants or plant parts, for therapeutic purposes. It is also known as herbal medicine and is a traditional practice in many cultures. The active compounds in these plant extracts are believed to have various medicinal properties, such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, or sedative effects. Practitioners of phytotherapy may use the whole plant, dried parts, or concentrated extracts to prepare teas, capsules, tinctures, or ointments for therapeutic use. It is important to note that the effectiveness and safety of phytotherapy are not always supported by scientific evidence, and it should be used with caution and preferably under the guidance of a healthcare professional.
A lyase is a type of enzyme that catalyzes the breaking of various chemical bonds in a molecule, often resulting in the formation of two new molecules. Lyases differ from other types of enzymes, such as hydrolases and oxidoreductases, because they create double bonds or rings as part of their reaction mechanism.
In the context of medical terminology, lyases are not typically discussed on their own, but rather as a type of enzyme that can be involved in various biochemical reactions within the body. For example, certain lyases play a role in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and amino acids, among other molecules.
One specific medical application of lyase enzymes is in the diagnosis of certain genetic disorders. For instance, individuals with hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI) lack the enzyme aldolase B, which is a type of lyase that helps break down fructose in the liver. By measuring the activity of aldolase B in a patient's blood or tissue sample, doctors can diagnose HFI and recommend appropriate dietary restrictions to manage the condition.
Overall, while lyases are not a medical diagnosis or condition themselves, they play important roles in various biochemical processes within the body and can be useful in the diagnosis of certain genetic disorders.
Estrogens are a group of steroid hormones that are primarily responsible for the development and regulation of female sexual characteristics and reproductive functions. They are also present in lower levels in males. The main estrogen hormone is estradiol, which plays a key role in promoting the growth and development of the female reproductive system, including the uterus, fallopian tubes, and breasts. Estrogens also help regulate the menstrual cycle, maintain bone density, and have important effects on the cardiovascular system, skin, hair, and cognitive function.
Estrogens are produced primarily by the ovaries in women, but they can also be produced in smaller amounts by the adrenal glands and fat cells. In men, estrogens are produced from the conversion of testosterone, the primary male sex hormone, through a process called aromatization.
Estrogen levels vary throughout a woman's life, with higher levels during reproductive years and lower levels after menopause. Estrogen therapy is sometimes used to treat symptoms of menopause, such as hot flashes and vaginal dryness, or to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. However, estrogen therapy also carries risks, including an increased risk of certain cancers, blood clots, and stroke, so it is typically recommended only for women who have a high risk of these conditions.
Climacteric
Climacteric (botany)
Climacteric (journal)
Climacteric year
International Menopause Society
17β-Dihydroequilin
15β-Hydroxycyproterone acetate
3β-Hydroxytibolone
Estetrol
Hexestrol
Estrone
Levonorgestrel
Side effects of cyproterone acetate
Herbert Kuhl
Pharmacokinetics of progesterone
Noretynodrel
Pharmacokinetics of estradiol
Retroprogesterone
Norgestrel
Estradiol enantate
Egg cell
Pudendal nerve entrapment
Drospirenone
Mood swing
Vaginal rugae
Estrogen (medication)
Progestogen (medication)
Hormone replacement therapy
Dydrogesterone
Megestrol acetate
Climacteric - Wikipedia
IMS Seeks new Editors in Chief of Climacteric. - International Menopause Society
P2.183 Climacteric Symptons and Associated Factors in HIV Seropositive Women | Sexually Transmitted Infections
Climacteric medicine: cornerstone for midlife health and wellness.
climacteric
headaches - The Climacteric
Climacteric Headache | Climacteric Women
Abnormal (Dysfunctional) Uterine Bleeding: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
Symptoms of menopause or climacteric
Climacteric non climacteric - BANABIO S.A.
Climacteric in anxiety: prevalence and associated factors
climacteric vs non-climacteric fruit - Mississippi Sideboard
Pilates Climacteric™: Movement and Menopause | FusionTeacherTraining.com
PSCM - Philippine Society of Climacteric Medicine, Inc.
Climacteric Symptoms - GREM - Gynecological and Reproductive Endocrinology & Metabolism
Understanding Climacteric and Non-Climacteric Fruits: Harvest Strategies Explained
Climacteric (female) - ICD-10-CM Index to Diseases and Injuries
Morbid Conditions and Lifestyle of Climacteric Women | International Archives of Medicine
Homeopathic medicines for perimenopause, menopause and climacteric
Climacteric Tablets 更年康片 (MENOPAUSE) - The Herb Depot - The Herb Depot
Steven Patt Race Results - UltraRunning Magazine
Deciding about hormone therapy: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
Women's Health - Whole Health Library
Natural oestrogen in the female climacteric--influence on blood coagulation and fibrinolysis. | Herbal & Natural Medicine
Efficacy of Cimicifuga bRacemosa on climacteric complaints: a randomised study versus low-dose transdermal estradiol
Read «The Urban Climacteric» Essay Paper for Free in the «Sociology» Category at PrimeWritings.com
Health symptoms during midlife in relation to menopausal transition: British prospective cohort study | The BMJ
Observer bias Archives - The James Lind Library The James Lind Library
Frontiers | Melatonin and Female Reproduction: An Expanding Universe
Menopause3
- After the last menstruation - the menopause - these symptoms may accompany women and continue being present for an individual period of time of the climacteric. (homeopatsko-zdravljenje.si)
- In this respect, it should be noted that the term Climacteric Scale is used to indicate that these symptoms may occur at any time throughout the climacteric and are not necessarily confined so the time of the menopause. (menopausematters.co.uk)
- The Scale was originally constructed on the basis of a factor analysis of symptoms presented by a group of climacteric women attending a menopause clinic (1). (menopausematters.co.uk)
Menopausal3
- Am I in a Female Menopausal Climacteric State? (climactericwomen.com)
- Have you asked yourself: if you are in a Female Menopausal Climacteric state? (climactericwomen.com)
- this period is frequently termed the climacteric or perimenopause but is increasingly referred to as the menopausal transition. (medscape.com)
Ethylene5
- Climacteric fruit produce ethylene, which triggers and promotes ripening, a complex process that softens and-more importantly-sweetens. (jesseyancy.com)
- The processes of ripening are controlled by ethylene in climacteric fruits and abscisic acid (ABA) in non-climacteric fruits. (academic-accelerator.com)
- Fleshy fruit ripening is typically regulated by ethylene in climacteric fruits and abscisic acid (ABA) in non-climacteric fruits. (academic-accelerator.com)
- Climacteric and non-climacteric fruits have traditionally been viewed as representing two distinct programmes of ripening associated with differential respiration and ethylene hormone effects. (reading.ac.uk)
- In climacteric fruits, such as tomato and banana, the ripening process is marked by increased respiration and is induced and co-ordinated by ethylene, while in non-climacteric fruits, such as strawberry and grape, it is controlled by an ethylene-independent process with little change in respiration rate. (reading.ac.uk)
Prevalence3
- determining the prevalence of climacteric symptoms. (imed.pub)
- Conclusions: We found a high prevalence of women who were carriers of oncogenic HPV in climacteric women with normal Pap smears (latent infections) in our health region. (scirp.org)
- A recently-published meta-analysis [1] shows a prevalence of HPV with oncogenic risk (with normal Pap smears) of 10.4%, increasing significantly with climacteric (45 - 55 years). (scirp.org)
Fruits12
- Fruits are a vital source of nutrients for humans, and they come in various types that can be categorized into climacteric and non-climacteric groups based on their ripening pattern. (agrotonomy.com)
- Non-climacteric fruits like citrus fruits, grapes, strawberries, dragon fruits and cherries, on the other hand, must be picked when fully ripe, as they do not continue to ripen after being harvested. (agrotonomy.com)
- Oranges, grapefruits, lemons, and other citrus fruits are common examples of non-climacteric fruits that must be fully ripe before picking, while grapes, strawberries, and cherries also fall under this category. (agrotonomy.com)
- Gibberellin (GA) negatively affects color evolution and other ripening-related processes in non-climacteric fruits. (academic-accelerator.com)
- The study was carried out to analyze the antioxidant properties of selected climacteric and non-climacteric fruits and the fruits were taken from four different colors: red, yellow, purple, and green. (academic-accelerator.com)
- Abscisic acid (ABA) plays an important role in regulating the ripening process, both in climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. (academic-accelerator.com)
- The current review summarizes the characterization of bio-nanocomposite films and edible coatings incorporated with metal nanoparticles on the shelf life and quality of tropical fruits, berries, climacteric/non-climacteric fruits and vegetables. (academic-accelerator.com)
- Blueberries are non-climacteric fruits which have a limited shelf life due to the activities of rapid decay and softening. (academic-accelerator.com)
- In this article, the possible contribution of plant miRNAs in the development and ripening of various climacteric and non-climacteric fruits by targeting various genes and transcription factors has been focused which would certainly open new avenues in the field of fruit-ripening research and postharvest biology. (academic-accelerator.com)
- Background Epigenetic mark such as DNA methylation plays pivotal roles in regulating ripening of both climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. (academic-accelerator.com)
- Fruit cherries are highly perishable non-climacteric fruits and have low supply in counter season, which determines an unsaturated foreign market and the possibility to obtain good prices. (academic-accelerator.com)
- It is concluded that SEP genes play a central role in the developmental regulation of ripening in both climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. (reading.ac.uk)
Symptomatology1
- To provide a brief but comprehensive and valid measure of climacteric symptomatology. (menopausematters.co.uk)
Syndrome4
- Greene, J. G. (1984) The Social and Psychological Origins of the Climacteric Syndrome. (menopausematters.co.uk)
- 46 women with moderate or severe degree of climacteric syndrome and reproductive disorders in the anamnesis (the main group) who received the drug Climonorm on a three-week schedule with a seven-day break were examined. (reproduct-endo.com)
- MHT with the use of the Climonorm allows to effectively reduce the severity of manifestations of the climacteric syndrome by 80-60%, ensures the regularity and stability of the MC. (reproduct-endo.com)
- The effectiveness of using the low doses of estrogens was investigated, as the pre-surgical preparations component for the patients with myoma uteri and climacteric syndrome. (ssmj.ru)
Berries1
- Tomatoes are a climacteric fruit (tomatoes are berries, stupid). (jesseyancy.com)
Efficacy1
- OBJECTIVE: To investigate, in a randomized clinical study, the efficacy of an isopropanolic aqueous extract of Cimicifuga racemosa (CR) on climacteric complaints in comparison with low-dose transdermal estradiol (TTSE2). (unimore.it)
Scale1
- It may be accompanied with different symptoms that were gathered in a questionnaire - Greene Climacteric Scale - for research purpose: 1. (homeopatsko-zdravljenje.si)
Programme2
- Greene, J. G. and Hart, D. M. (1987) Evaluation of a psychological treatment programme for climacteric women. (menopausematters.co.uk)
- To study the effect of the combination of selected yogic exercises and autogenic training on selected biochemical variables such as high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, fasting blood sugar, hemoglobin, blood urea of the climacteric women, To study the effect of the of selected yogic exercises programme on selected biochemical variables of the climacteric women and to compare the groups. (kheljournal.com)
Complaints1
- CONCLUSIONS: CR (40 mg/day) may be a valid alternative to low-dose TTSE2 in the management of climacteric complaints in those women who cannot be treated with or just refuse conventional strategies. (unimore.it)
Female4
- Women experience aging in a peculiar way, as the climacteric is inherent in this phase of the female life cycle. (imed.pub)
- Natural oestrogen in the female climacteric--influence on blood coagulation and fibrinolysis. (herbal-organic.com)
- The climacteric is a natural phenomenon of the female physiology, experienced as a silent period or followed by symptoms. (imed.pub)
- A case report of a localized gingival overgrowth in the palate region in a 49-year-old female patient in the climacteric period is described. (bvsalud.org)
Journal3
- Climacteric may refer to: Climacteric (human), the time in most women's lives when menstrual periods stop permanently Climacteric (botany), a stage of fruit ripening Climacteric (journal), a journal published by Informa Healthcare Climacteric year, in astrology This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Climacteric. (wikipedia.org)
- Rod Baber IMS President reports that after nine years at the helm of Climacteric, Nick Panay and Anna Fenton have decided to retire as Editors in Chief of the Society journal. (imsociety.org)
- Nayak C. et al, Management of distress during climacteric years by homeopathic therapy, Journal of Alternative and Complimentary Medicine, Vol 11. (homeopatsko-zdravljenje.si)
Anxiety1
- Other climacteric symptoms (vasomotor and urogenital symptoms) as well as anxiety and depression, were evaluated at baseline and after 3 months. (unimore.it)
Medicine2
- Climacteric medicine: cornerstone for midlife health and wellness. (cdc.gov)
- Philippine Society of Climacteric Medicine, Inc. (pscminc.org)
Prevention1
- Thus, policies designed to promote the adoption of better living habits such as regular physical exercise and the abandonment of the use of harmful substances to the body, can interfere positively in the prevention/progression of the most prevalent chronic disease in climacteric. (imed.pub)
Years2
- In a research paper titled Management of distress during climacteric years by homeopathic therapy individualised homeopathy presented itself as an effective therapeutic modality in treating the burden of climacteric. (homeopatsko-zdravljenje.si)
- with a random sample of 140 cases of climacteric women of ≥50 years of age, with normal Pap smears for the last 12 months. (scirp.org)
Health1
- Perspectives on women climacteric: concepts and impacts on health basic care. (imed.pub)
Study3
- A cross-sectional study conducted in the city of Cajazeiras, ParaÃ-ba, between January 2013 and March 2014, interviewing 390 climacteric women, through structured script. (imed.pub)
- Greene, J. G. (1976) A factor analytic study of climacteric symptoms. (menopausematters.co.uk)
- The purpose of the study is to find out effect of specific yogic exercises and combination of specific yogic exercises and autogenic training on selected biochemical variables of climacteric women. (kheljournal.com)
Research3
- in epidemiological studies and in basic research into the aetiology of climacteric symptoms. (menopausematters.co.uk)
- Chapter 7-Methodological Issues in Climacteric Research). (menopausematters.co.uk)
- Conclusion: The research suggested that neuroticism plays an important role in the persistence of depression among climacteric women after 30 months. (ncku.edu.tw)
Groups1
- The subjects (N=60) were divided at random, into three equal groups of twenty climacteric women in each, the groups were subjected to pre-test prior to the experimental treatment. (kheljournal.com)
Free1
- Look up climacteric in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. (wikipedia.org)
Results1
- Results: The percentage of climacteric women who are carriers of oncogenic HPV and a normal Pap smear was of 11.43% (16/140 cases). (scirp.org)
Life1
- Greene, J. G. and Cooke, D. J. (1980) Life stress and symptoms at the climacteric. (menopausematters.co.uk)