Infections with bacteria of the genus CHLAMYDIA.
Type species of CHLAMYDIA causing a variety of ocular and urogenital diseases.
A genus of the family CHLAMYDIACEAE whose species cause a variety of diseases in vertebrates including humans, mice, and swine. Chlamydia species are gram-negative and produce glycogen. The type species is CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS.
Species of CHLAMYDIA causing pneumonitis in mice and hamsters. These isolates formerly belonged to CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS.
Bacterial diseases transmitted or propagated by sexual conduct.
Pathological processes involving the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE).
A genus of CHLAMYDOPHILA infecting primarily birds. It contains eight known serovars, some of which infect more than one type of host, including humans.
Pathological processes of the male URINARY TRACT and the reproductive system (GENITALIA, MALE).
Inflammation of the UTERINE CERVIX.
Pathological processes of the female URINARY TRACT and the reproductive system (GENITALIA, FEMALE).
Pathological processes involving the male reproductive tract (GENITALIA, MALE).
A chronic infection of the CONJUNCTIVA and CORNEA caused by CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS.
Acute infectious disease characterized by primary invasion of the urogenital tract. The etiologic agent, NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE, was isolated by Neisser in 1879.
A pair of highly specialized muscular canals extending from the UTERUS to its corresponding OVARY. They provide the means for OVUM collection, and the site for the final maturation of gametes and FERTILIZATION. The fallopian tube consists of an interstitium, an isthmus, an ampulla, an infundibulum, and fimbriae. Its wall consists of three histologic layers: serous, muscular, and an internal mucosal layer lined with both ciliated and secretory cells.
Diseases involving the FALLOPIAN TUBES including neoplasms (FALLOPIAN TUBE NEOPLASMS); SALPINGITIS; tubo-ovarian abscess; and blockage.
Organized periodic procedures performed on large groups of people for the purpose of detecting disease.
A species of CHLAMYDOPHILA that causes acute respiratory infection, especially atypical pneumonia, in humans, horses, and koalas.
The neck portion of the UTERUS between the lower isthmus and the VAGINA forming the cervical canal.
The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.
Immunoglobulins produced in a response to BACTERIAL ANTIGENS.
The co-occurrence of pregnancy and an INFECTION. The infection may precede or follow FERTILIZATION.
Sexual activities of humans.
Infections with bacteria of the genus CHLAMYDOPHILA.
In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.
The first continuously cultured human malignant CELL LINE, derived from the cervical carcinoma of Henrietta Lacks. These cells are used for VIRUS CULTIVATION and antitumor drug screening assays.
Subacute inflammation of the inguinal lymph glands caused by certain immunotypes of CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS. It is a sexually transmitted disease in the U.S. but is more widespread in developing countries. It is distinguished from granuloma venereum (see GRANULOMA INGUINALE), which is caused by Calymmatobacterium granulomatis.
Infection with CHLAMYDOPHILA PSITTACI (formerly Chlamydia psittaci), transmitted to humans by inhalation of dust-borne contaminated nasal secretions or excreta of infected BIRDS. This infection results in a febrile illness characterized by PNEUMONITIS and systemic manifestations.
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)
An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.
Inflammation involving the URETHRA. Similar to CYSTITIS, clinical symptoms range from vague discomfort to painful urination (DYSURIA), urethral discharge, or both.
A spectrum of inflammation involving the female upper genital tract and the supporting tissues. It is usually caused by an ascending infection of organisms from the endocervix. Infection may be confined to the uterus (ENDOMETRITIS), the FALLOPIAN TUBES; (SALPINGITIS); the ovaries (OOPHORITIS), the supporting ligaments (PARAMETRITIS), or may involve several of the above uterine appendages. Such inflammation can lead to functional impairment and infertility.
A tube that transports URINE from the URINARY BLADDER to the outside of the body in both the sexes. It also has a reproductive function in the male by providing a passage for SPERM.
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Studies on the response of ewes to live chlamydiae adapted to chicken embryos or tissue culture. (1/2783)

Ewes infected before gestation with chicken embryo or tissue culture adapted chlamydial strain B-577 were challenge inoculated with the homologous strain at four to 18 weeks of gestation. The ewes responsed with group specific complement fixing antibody titers of 1:8 to 1:256 by the second week after initial infection. A secondary antibody response in the surviving challenge inoculated ewes occurred at the time of lambing and reached titers of 1:32 to 1:256 by the second week after parturition. Group specific complement fixing antibodies did not appear to play a significant role in resistance to chlamydial infection. Ewes infected with the chicken embryo adapted strain B-577 excreted chlamydiae in their feces 60 days after inoculation. However, chlamydiae were not recovered from feces of ewes infected with the tissue culture adapted strain B-577. Placentas of ewes challenge inoculated by the intravenous route were consistently infected. Chlamydiae were recovered from placentas, some fetuses and lambs. In two instances when challenge inoculation was given by the intramuscular route, infection was detected only by the direct fluorescent antibody method.  (+info)

Chlamydia pneumoniae and atherosclerosis. (2/2783)

OBJECTIVE: To review the literature for evidence that chronic infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae is associated with atherosclerosis and acute coronary syndromes. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE and Institute of Science and Information bibliographic databases were searched at the end of September 1998. Indexing terms used were chlamydi*, heart, coronary, and atherosclerosis. Serological and pathological studies published as papers in any language since 1988 or abstracts since 1997 were selected. DATA EXTRACTION: It was assumed that chronic C pneumoniae infection is characterised by the presence of both specific IgG and IgA, and serological studies were examined for associations that fulfilled these criteria. Pathological studies were also reviewed for evidence that the presence of C pneumoniae in diseased vessels is associated with the severity and extent of atherosclerosis. DATA SYNTHESIS: The majority of serological studies have shown an association between C pneumoniae and atherosclerosis. However, the number of cases in studies that have reported a positive association when using strict criteria for chronic infection is similar to the number of cases in studies which found no association. Nevertheless, the organism is widely found in atherosclerotic vessels, although it may not be at all diseased sites and is not confined to the most severe lesions. Rabbit models and preliminary antibiotic trials suggest that the organism might exacerbate atherosclerosis. CONCLUSION: More evidence is required before C pneumoniae can be accepted as playing a role in atherosclerosis. Although use of antibiotics in routine practice is not justified, large scale trials in progress will help to elucidate the role of C pneumoniae.  (+info)

Chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori, Chlamydia pneumoniae, or cytomegalovirus: population based study of coronary heart disease. (3/2783)

OBJECTIVE: To study possible associations between coronary heart disease and serological evidence of persistent infection with Helicobacter pylori, Chlamydia pneumoniae, or cytomegalovirus. DESIGN: Population based, case-control study, nested within a randomised trial. SETTING: Five general practices in Bedfordshire, UK. INDIVIDUALS: 288 patients with incident or prevalent coronary heart disease and 704 age and sex matched controls. RESULTS: High concentrations of serum IgG antibodies to H pylori were present in 54% of cases v 46% of controls, with corresponding results for C pneumoniae seropositivity (33% v 33%), and cytomegalovirus seropositivity (40% v 31%). After adjustments for age, sex, smoking, indicators of socioeconomic status, and standard risk factors, the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for coronary heart disease of seropositivity to these agents were: 1.28 (0.93 to 1.75) for H pylori, 0.95 (0.66 to 1.36) for C pneumoniae, and 1.40 (0.96 to 2. 05) for cytomegalovirus. CONCLUSIONS: There is no good evidence of strong associations between coronary heart disease and serological markers of persistent infection with H pylori, C pneumoniae, or cytomegalovirus. To determine the existence of moderate associations between these agents and disease, however, larger scale studies will be needed that can keep residual confounders to a minimum.  (+info)

Nongonococcal urethritis--a new paradigm. (4/2783)

Urethritis in men has been categorized historically as gonococcal or nongonococcal (NGU). The major pathogens causing NGU are Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum. Trichomonas vaginalis may be involved occasionally. In up to one-half of cases, an etiologic organism may not be identified. In this review we present recent advances in the diagnosis and management of NGU and discuss how they may be applied in a variety of clinical settings, including specialized STD clinics and primary health care practices. In particular, the development of the noninvasive urine-based nucleic acid amplification tests may warrant rethinking of the traditional classification of urethritis as gonococcal urethritis or NGU. Diagnostic for Chlamydia are strongly recommended because etiologic diagnosis of chlamydial urethritis may have important public health implications, such as the need for partner referral and reporting. A single 1-g dose of azithromycin was found to be therapeutically equivalent to the tetracyclines and may offer the advantage of better compliance.  (+info)

Chlamydia infections and heart disease linked through antigenic mimicry. (5/2783)

Chlamydia infections are epidemiologically linked to human heart disease. A peptide from the murine heart muscle-specific alpha myosin heavy chain that has sequence homology to the 60-kilodalton cysteine-rich outer membrane proteins of Chlamydia pneumoniae, C. psittaci, and C. trachomatis was shown to induce autoimmune inflammatory heart disease in mice. Injection of the homologous Chlamydia peptides into mice also induced perivascular inflammation, fibrotic changes, and blood vessel occlusion in the heart, as well as triggering T and B cell reactivity to the homologous endogenous heart muscle-specific peptide. Chlamydia DNA functioned as an adjuvant in the triggering of peptide-induced inflammatory heart disease. Infection with C. trachomatis led to the production of autoantibodies to heart muscle-specific epitopes. Thus, Chlamydia-mediated heart disease is induced by antigenic mimicry of a heart muscle-specific protein.  (+info)

The in-vitro activity of HMR 3647, a new ketolide antimicrobial agent. (6/2783)

The in-vitro activity of HMR 3647, a novel ketolide, was investigated in comparison with those of erythromycin A, roxithromycin, clarithromycin (14-membered ring macrolides), amoxycillin-clavulanate and ciprofloxacin against 719 recent clinical Gram-positive, Gram-negative and anaerobic isolates and type cultures. HMR 3647 generally demonstrated greater activity than the other compounds with MIC90s of < or =0.5 mg/L, except for Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC90 > 128 mg/L), Haemophilus influenzae (MIC90 = 2 mg/L), Enterococcus faecalis (MIC90 = 2 mg/L), Enterococcus faecium (MIC90 = 1 mg/L) and the anaerobes, Bacteroides fragilis (MIC90 = 2 mg/L) and Clostridium difficile (MIC90 = 1 mg/L). In general, an increase in the size of the inoculum from 10(4) to 10(6) cfu on selected strains had little effect on the MICs of HMR 3647. Additionally, the in-vitro activity of HMR 3647 was not affected by the presence of either 20 or 70% (v/v) human serum. The antichlamydial activity of HMR 3647 was generally greater than that of commonly used antichlamydial antimicrobials.  (+info)

Prospective study of Chlamydia pneumoniae IgG seropositivity and risks of future myocardial infarction. (7/2783)

BACKGROUND: Chlamydia pneumoniae has been hypothesized to play a role in atherothrombosis. However, prospective data relating exposure to Chlamydia pneumoniae and risks of future myocardial infarction (MI) are sparse. METHODS AND RESULTS: In a prospective cohort of nearly 15 000 healthy men, we measured IgG antibodies directed against Chlamydia pneumoniae in blood samples collected at baseline from 343 study participants who subsequently reported a first MI and from an equal number of age- and smoking-matched control subjects who did not report vascular disease during a 12-year follow-up period. The proportion of study subjects with IgG antibodies directed against Chlamydia increased with age and cigarette consumption. However, prevalence rates of Chlamydia IgG seropositivity were virtually identical at baseline among men who subsequently reported first MI compared with age- and smoking-matched control subjects. Specifically, the relative risks of future MI associated with Chlamydia pneumoniae IgG titers >/=1:16, 1:32, 1:64, 1:128, and 1:256 were 1.1, 1.0, 1.1, 1.0, and 0.8, respectively (all probability values not significant). There was no association in analyses adjusted for other risk factors, evaluating early as compared with late events, or among nonsmokers. Further, there was no association between seropositivity and concentration of C-reactive protein, a marker of inflammation that predicts MI risk in this cohort. CONCLUSIONS: In a large-scale study of socioeconomically homogeneous men that controlled for age, smoking, and other cardiovascular risk factors, we found no evidence of association between Chlamydia pneumoniae IgG seropositivity and risks of future MI.  (+info)

Role of innate and adaptive immunity in the outcome of primary infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae, as analyzed in genetically modified mice. (8/2783)

Infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae is a common cause of acute respiratory disease in man and is also associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disorder. Herein, we have compared bacterial load and immune parameters of C. pneumoniae-infected mice genomically lacking T cell coreceptors, cytokine receptors, or cytotoxic effector molecules. A protective role for CD8+ cells is shown by the enhanced severity of infection of CD8-/- or TAP-1-/-/beta2-microglobulin -/- mice. CD8+ cells hindered a parasite growth-promoting role of CD4+ T cells, as indicated by the higher sensitivity to early infection of CD8-/- than CD4-/-/CD8-/- mice, which was further confirmed in experiments in which SCID mice were reconstituted with either CD4+ or CD4+ plus CD8+ T cells. Interestingly, CD4+ T cells played a dual role, detrimental early (14 and 24 days) after infection but protective at later time points (60 days after infection). The CD8+ T cell protection was perforin independent. The early deleterious role of CD4+ in the absence of CD8+ T cells was associated with enhanced IL-4 and IL-10 mRNA levels and delayed IFN-gamma mRNA accumulation in lungs. In line with this, IFN-gammaR-/- (but not TNFRp55 -/-) mice showed dramatically increased susceptibility to C. pneumoniae, linked to reduced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA accumulation, but not to diminished levels of specific Abs. The increased susceptibility of iNOS-/- mice indicates a protective role for iNOS activity during infection with C. pneumoniae. The higher sensitivity of IFN-gammaR-/- mice to C. pneumoniae compared with that of SCID or recombination-activating gene-1-/- mice suggested a relevant protective role of IFN-gamma-dependent innate mechanisms of protection.  (+info)

Chlamydia infections are caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis and can affect multiple body sites, including the genitals, eyes, and respiratory system. The most common type of chlamydia infection is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) that affects the genitals.

In women, chlamydia infections can cause symptoms such as abnormal vaginal discharge, burning during urination, and pain in the lower abdomen. In men, symptoms may include discharge from the penis, painful urination, and testicular pain or swelling. However, many people with chlamydia infections do not experience any symptoms at all.

If left untreated, chlamydia infections can lead to serious complications, such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women, which can cause infertility and ectopic pregnancy. In men, chlamydia infections can cause epididymitis, an inflammation of the tube that carries sperm from the testicles, which can also lead to infertility.

Chlamydia infections are diagnosed through a variety of tests, including urine tests and swabs taken from the affected area. Once diagnosed, chlamydia infections can be treated with antibiotics such as azithromycin or doxycycline. It is important to note that treatment only clears the infection and does not repair any damage caused by the infection.

Prevention measures include practicing safe sex, getting regular STI screenings, and avoiding sharing towels or other personal items that may come into contact with infected bodily fluids.

'Chlamydia trachomatis' is a species of bacterium that is the causative agent of several infectious diseases in humans. It is an obligate intracellular pathogen, meaning it can only survive and reproduce inside host cells. The bacteria are transmitted through sexual contact, and can cause a range of genital tract infections, including urethritis, cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and epididymitis. In women, chlamydial infection can also lead to serious complications such as ectopic pregnancy and infertility.

In addition to genital infections, 'Chlamydia trachomatis' is also responsible for two other diseases: trachoma and lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV). Trachoma is a leading cause of preventable blindness worldwide, affecting mostly children in developing countries. It is spread through contact with contaminated hands, clothing, or eye secretions. LGV is a sexually transmitted infection that can cause inflammation of the lymph nodes, rectum, and genitals.

'Chlamydia trachomatis' infections are often asymptomatic, making them difficult to diagnose and treat. However, they can be detected through laboratory tests such as nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) or culture. Treatment typically involves antibiotics such as azithromycin or doxycycline. Prevention measures include safe sex practices, regular screening for STIs, and good hygiene.

Chlamydia is a bacterial infection caused by the species Chlamydia trachomatis. It is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) worldwide. The bacteria can infect the genital tract, urinary tract, eyes, and rectum. In women, it can also infect the reproductive organs and cause serious complications such as pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, and ectopic pregnancy.

Chlamydia is often asymptomatic, especially in women, which makes it easy to spread unknowingly. When symptoms do occur, they may include abnormal vaginal or penile discharge, burning sensation during urination, pain during sexual intercourse, and painful testicular swelling in men. Chlamydia can be diagnosed through a variety of tests, including urine tests and swab samples from the infected site.

The infection is easily treated with antibiotics, but if left untreated, it can lead to serious health complications. It's important to get tested regularly for STIs, especially if you are sexually active with multiple partners or have unprotected sex. Prevention methods include using condoms during sexual activity and practicing good personal hygiene.

'Chlamydia muridarum' is a species of the genus Chlamydia, which are obligate intracellular bacteria that can cause infectious diseases in humans and animals. 'Chlamydia muridarum' is closely related to 'Chlamydia trachomatis', which is a major cause of sexually transmitted infections in humans.

'Chlamydia muridarum' is primarily found in rodents, particularly mice, and can cause respiratory tract infections and reproductive tract diseases in these animals. It has been used as a model organism to study the pathogenesis and immunology of Chlamydia infections in mammals.

The medical relevance of 'Chlamydia muridarum' lies in its use as a research tool to better understand Chlamydia infections and develop new treatments and vaccines for these diseases. However, it is not considered a direct threat to human health, as it does not naturally infect humans.

Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) are infections that can be passed from one person to another through sexual contact. When referring to bacterial STDs, these are infections caused by bacteria. Examples of bacterial STDs include chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). These infections can be treated with antibiotics, but if left untreated, they can cause serious health problems, such as infertility, organ damage, and even death. It is important to practice safe sex and get regular STD screenings to prevent and promptly treat bacterial STDs.

Genital diseases in females refer to various medical conditions that affect the female reproductive system, including the vulva, vagina, cervix, uterus, and ovaries. These conditions can be caused by bacterial, viral, or fungal infections, hormonal imbalances, or structural abnormalities. Some common examples of genital diseases in females include bacterial vaginosis, yeast infections, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, and human papillomavirus (HPV), pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), endometriosis, uterine fibroids, ovarian cysts, and vulvar or vaginal cancer. Symptoms of genital diseases in females can vary widely depending on the specific condition but may include abnormal vaginal discharge, pain or discomfort during sex, irregular menstrual bleeding, painful urination, and pelvic pain. It is important for women to receive regular gynecological care and screenings to detect and treat genital diseases early and prevent complications.

'Chlamydophila psittaci' is a gram-negative, obligate intracellular bacterium that causes psittacosis, also known as parrot fever. It is commonly found in birds, particularly parrots and psittacines, but can also infect other bird species, mammals, and humans. In humans, it can cause a wide range of symptoms, including fever, headache, cough, and pneumonia. Human-to-human transmission is rare, and the disease is typically acquired through inhalation of dried secretions or feces from infected birds.

"Male urogenital diseases" refer to a range of medical conditions that affect the urinary and reproductive systems in males. This can include:

1. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): An enlarged prostate gland that can cause difficulties with urination.

2. Prostatitis: Inflammation of the prostate gland, which can cause pain, urinary frequency and difficulty, and sexual dysfunction.

3. Erectile Dysfunction (ED): The inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for sexual activity.

4. Peyronie's Disease: A condition where scar tissue causes the penis to bend or curve during an erection.

5. Testicular Cancer: A malignant tumor that develops in the testicle.

6. Epididymitis: Inflammation of the epididymis, a coiled tube at the back of the testicle where sperm matures.

7. Orchitis: Inflammation of the testicle, often caused by an infection.

8. Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): Bacterial infections that can occur anywhere along the urinary tract.

9. Kidney Stones: Small, hard mineral deposits that form in the kidneys and can cause severe pain when passed.

10. Bladder Cancer: A malignant tumor that develops in the bladder.

These conditions can vary greatly in severity and treatment, so it's important for individuals to seek medical advice if they suspect they may have a urogenital disease.

Uterine cervicitis is a medical condition that refers to the inflammation of the uterine cervix, which is the lower part of the uterus that opens into the vagina. It can be caused by various factors, including bacterial or viral infections, allergies, or irritants. The symptoms of cervicitis may include abnormal vaginal discharge, pain during sexual intercourse, bleeding after sex, and irregular menstrual bleeding. In some cases, cervicitis may not cause any noticeable symptoms. If left untreated, cervicitis can increase the risk of developing more severe complications, such as pelvic inflammatory disease or infertility. Treatment for cervicitis typically involves antibiotics to eliminate any underlying infections and management of symptoms. Regular gynecological exams and Pap tests are essential for early detection and prevention of cervical diseases.

Female urogenital diseases refer to a range of medical conditions that affect the female urinary and genital systems. These systems include the kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra, vulva, vagina, and reproductive organs such as the ovaries and uterus.

Some common female urogenital diseases include:

1. Urinary tract infections (UTIs): These are infections that occur in any part of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, or urethra.
2. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID): This is an infection of the reproductive organs, including the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries.
3. Endometriosis: This is a condition in which tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside of the uterus, often on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, or other pelvic structures.
4. Ovarian cysts: These are fluid-filled sacs that form on the ovaries.
5. Uterine fibroids: These are noncancerous growths that develop in the muscular wall of the uterus.
6. Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS): This is a chronic bladder condition characterized by pain, pressure, and discomfort in the bladder and pelvic area.
7. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs): These are infections that are passed from person to person during sexual contact. Common STIs include chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, and HIV.
8. Vulvodynia: This is chronic pain or discomfort of the vulva, the external female genital area.
9. Cancers of the reproductive system, such as ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, and uterine cancer.

These are just a few examples of female urogenital diseases. It's important for women to receive regular medical care and screenings to detect and treat these conditions early, when they are often easier to manage and have better outcomes.

Genital diseases in males refer to various medical conditions that affect the male reproductive and urinary systems, including the penis, testicles, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate, and urethra. These conditions can be infectious, inflammatory, degenerative, or neoplastic (cancerous) in nature. Some common examples of male genital diseases include:

1. Balanitis: Inflammation of the foreskin and glans penis, often caused by infection, irritants, or poor hygiene.
2. Prostatitis: Inflammation of the prostate gland, which can be acute or chronic, bacterial or non-bacterial in origin.
3. Epididymitis: Inflammation of the epididymis, a coiled tube at the back of the testicle that stores and carries sperm. It is often caused by infection.
4. Orchitis: Inflammation of the testicle, usually resulting from infection or autoimmune disorders.
5. Testicular torsion: A surgical emergency characterized by twisting of the spermatic cord, leading to reduced blood flow and potential tissue damage in the testicle.
6. Varicocele: Dilated veins in the scrotum that can cause pain, discomfort, or fertility issues.
7. Peyronie's disease: A connective tissue disorder causing scarring and curvature of the penis during erections.
8. Penile cancer: Malignant growths on the penis, often squamous cell carcinomas, which can spread to other parts of the body if left untreated.
9. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH): Non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland that can cause lower urinary tract symptoms such as difficulty initiating or maintaining a steady stream of urine.
10. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs): Infectious diseases, like chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, and human papillomavirus (HPV), that can be transmitted through sexual contact and affect the male genital region.

Trachoma is a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. It primarily affects the eyes, causing repeated infections that lead to scarring of the inner eyelid and eyelashes turning inward (trichiasis), which can result in damage to the cornea and blindness if left untreated.

The disease is spread through direct contact with eye or nose discharge from infected individuals, often through contaminated fingers, shared towels, or flies that have come into contact with the discharge. Trachoma is prevalent in areas with poor sanitation and limited access to clean water, making it a significant public health issue in many developing countries.

Preventive measures include improving personal hygiene, such as washing hands regularly, promoting facial cleanliness, and providing safe water and sanitation facilities. Treatment typically involves antibiotics to eliminate the infection and surgery for advanced cases with trichiasis or corneal damage.

Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae, also known as "gono" bacteria. It can infect various parts of the body including the genitals, rectum, and throat. The bacteria are typically transmitted through sexual contact with an infected person.

Symptoms may vary but often include abnormal discharge from the genitals or rectum, painful or burning sensations during urination, and in women, vaginal bleeding between periods. However, many people with gonorrhea do not develop symptoms, making it essential to get tested regularly if you are sexually active with multiple partners or have unprotected sex.

If left untreated, gonorrhea can lead to severe complications such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women and epididymitis in men, which may result in infertility. In rare cases, it can spread to the bloodstream and cause life-threatening conditions like sepsis.

Gonorrhea is curable with appropriate antibiotic treatment; however, drug-resistant strains of the bacteria have emerged, making accurate diagnosis and effective treatment increasingly challenging. Prevention methods include using condoms during sexual activity and practicing safe sex habits.

The Fallopian tubes, also known as uterine tubes or oviducts, are a pair of slender tubular structures in the female reproductive system. They play a crucial role in human reproduction by providing a passageway for the egg (ovum) from the ovary to the uterus (womb).

Each Fallopian tube is typically around 7.6 to 10 centimeters long and consists of four parts: the interstitial part, the isthmus, the ampulla, and the infundibulum. The fimbriated end of the infundibulum, which resembles a fringe or frill, surrounds and captures the released egg from the ovary during ovulation.

Fertilization usually occurs in the ampulla when sperm meets the egg after sexual intercourse. Once fertilized, the zygote (fertilized egg) travels through the Fallopian tube toward the uterus for implantation and further development. The cilia lining the inner surface of the Fallopian tubes help propel the egg and the zygote along their journey.

In some cases, abnormalities or blockages in the Fallopian tubes can lead to infertility or ectopic pregnancies, which are pregnancies that develop outside the uterus, typically within the Fallopian tube itself.

Fallopian tube diseases refer to conditions that affect the function or structure of the Fallopian tubes, which are a pair of narrow tubes that transport the egg from the ovaries to the uterus during ovulation and provide a pathway for sperm to reach the egg for fertilization. Some common Fallopian tube diseases include:

1. Salpingitis: This is an inflammation of the Fallopian tubes, usually caused by an infection. The infection can be bacterial, viral, or fungal in origin and can lead to scarring, blockage, or damage to the Fallopian tubes.
2. Hydrosalpinx: This is a condition where one or both of the Fallopian tubes become filled with fluid, leading to swelling and distension of the tube. The cause of hydrosalpinx can be infection, endometriosis, or previous surgery.
3. Endometriosis: This is a condition where the tissue that lines the inside of the uterus grows outside of it, including on the Fallopian tubes. This can lead to scarring, adhesions, and blockage of the tubes.
4. Ectopic pregnancy: This is a pregnancy that develops outside of the uterus, usually in the Fallopian tube. An ectopic pregnancy can cause the Fallopian tube to rupture, leading to severe bleeding and potentially life-threatening complications.
5. Tubal ligation: This is a surgical procedure that involves blocking or cutting the Fallopian tubes to prevent pregnancy. In some cases, tubal ligation can lead to complications such as ectopic pregnancy or tubal sterilization syndrome, which is a condition where the fallopian tubes reconnect and allow for pregnancy to occur.

These conditions can cause infertility, chronic pain, and other health problems, and may require medical or surgical treatment.

Medical mass screening, also known as population screening, is a public health service that aims to identify and detect asymptomatic individuals in a given population who have or are at risk of a specific disease. The goal is to provide early treatment, reduce morbidity and mortality, and prevent the spread of diseases within the community.

A mass screening program typically involves offering a simple, quick, and non-invasive test to a large number of people in a defined population, regardless of their risk factors or symptoms. Those who test positive are then referred for further diagnostic tests and appropriate medical interventions. Examples of mass screening programs include mammography for breast cancer detection, PSA (prostate-specific antigen) testing for prostate cancer, and fecal occult blood testing for colorectal cancer.

It is important to note that mass screening programs should be evidence-based, cost-effective, and ethically sound, with clear benefits outweighing potential harms. They should also consider factors such as the prevalence of the disease in the population, the accuracy and reliability of the screening test, and the availability and effectiveness of treatment options.

'Chlamydophila pneumoniae' is a type of bacteria that can cause respiratory infections in humans. It is the causative agent of a form of pneumonia known as "atypical pneumonia," which is characterized by milder symptoms and a slower onset than other types of pneumonia.

The bacteria are transmitted through respiratory droplets, such as those produced when an infected person coughs or sneezes. 'Chlamydophila pneumoniae' infections can occur throughout the year, but they are more common in the fall and winter months.

Symptoms of a 'Chlamydophila pneumoniae' infection may include cough, chest pain, fever, fatigue, and difficulty breathing. The infection can also cause other respiratory symptoms, such as sore throat, headache, and muscle aches. In some cases, the infection may spread to other parts of the body, causing complications such as ear infections or inflammation of the heart or brain.

Diagnosis of 'Chlamydophila pneumoniae' infection typically involves testing a sample of respiratory secretions, such as sputum or nasal swabs, for the presence of the bacteria. Treatment usually involves antibiotics, such as azithromycin or doxycycline, which are effective against 'Chlamydophila pneumoniae'.

It's important to note that while 'Chlamydophila pneumoniae' infections can cause serious respiratory illness, they are generally not as severe as other types of bacterial pneumonia. However, if left untreated, the infection can lead to complications and worsening symptoms.

The cervix uteri, often simply referred to as the cervix, is the lower part of the uterus (womb) that connects to the vagina. It has an opening called the external os through which menstrual blood exits the uterus and sperm enters during sexual intercourse. During childbirth, the cervix dilates or opens to allow for the passage of the baby through the birth canal.

Prevalence, in medical terms, refers to the total number of people in a given population who have a particular disease or condition at a specific point in time, or over a specified period. It is typically expressed as a percentage or a ratio of the number of cases to the size of the population. Prevalence differs from incidence, which measures the number of new cases that develop during a certain period.

Bacterial antibodies are a type of antibodies produced by the immune system in response to an infection caused by bacteria. These antibodies are proteins that recognize and bind to specific antigens on the surface of the bacterial cells, marking them for destruction by other immune cells. Bacterial antibodies can be classified into several types based on their structure and function, including IgG, IgM, IgA, and IgE. They play a crucial role in the body's defense against bacterial infections and provide immunity to future infections with the same bacteria.

Infectious pregnancy complications refer to infections that occur during pregnancy and can affect the mother, fetus, or both. These infections can lead to serious consequences such as preterm labor, low birth weight, birth defects, stillbirth, or even death. Some common infectious agents that can cause pregnancy complications include:

1. Bacteria: Examples include group B streptococcus, Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes, which can cause sepsis, meningitis, or pneumonia in the mother and lead to preterm labor or stillbirth.
2. Viruses: Examples include cytomegalovirus, rubella, varicella-zoster, and HIV, which can cause congenital anomalies, developmental delays, or transmission of the virus to the fetus.
3. Parasites: Examples include Toxoplasma gondii, which can cause severe neurological damage in the fetus if transmitted during pregnancy.
4. Fungi: Examples include Candida albicans, which can cause fungal infections in the mother and lead to preterm labor or stillbirth.

Preventive measures such as vaccination, good hygiene practices, and avoiding high-risk behaviors can help reduce the risk of infectious pregnancy complications. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of infections during pregnancy are also crucial to prevent adverse outcomes.

Sexual behavior refers to any physical or emotional interaction that has the potential to lead to sexual arousal and/or satisfaction. This can include a wide range of activities, such as kissing, touching, fondling, oral sex, vaginal sex, anal sex, and masturbation. It can also involve the use of sexual aids, such as vibrators or pornography.

Sexual behavior is influenced by a variety of factors, including biological, psychological, social, and cultural influences. It is an important aspect of human development and relationships, and it is essential to healthy sexual functioning and satisfaction. However, sexual behavior can also be associated with risks, such as sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unintended pregnancies, and it is important for individuals to engage in safe and responsible sexual practices.

It's important to note that sexual behavior can vary widely among individuals and cultures, and what may be considered normal or acceptable in one culture or context may not be in another. It's also important to recognize that all individuals have the right to make informed decisions about their own sexual behavior and to have their sexual rights and autonomy respected.

Chlamydophila infections are caused by bacteria belonging to the genus Chlamydophila, which includes several species that can infect humans and animals. The two most common species that cause infections in humans are Chlamydophila pneumoniae and Chlamydophila trachomatis.

Chlamydophila pneumoniae is responsible for respiratory infections, including pneumonia, bronchitis, and sinusitis. It is usually spread through respiratory droplets and can cause both mild and severe illnesses.

Chlamydophila trachomatis causes a wide range of infections, depending on the serovar (strain) involved. The most common types of Chlamydia trachomatis infections include:

1. Nongonococcal urethritis and cervicitis: These are sexually transmitted infections that can cause inflammation of the urethra and cervix, respectively. Symptoms may include discharge, pain during urination, and painful intercourse.
2. Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV): This is a sexually transmitted infection that primarily affects the lymphatic system. It can cause symptoms such as genital ulcers, swollen lymph nodes, and rectal pain and discharge.
3. Trachoma: This is an eye infection caused by a specific serovar of Chlamydia trachomatis. It is the leading infectious cause of blindness worldwide and primarily affects populations in developing countries with poor sanitation.
4. Inclusion conjunctivitis: This is an eye infection that mainly affects newborns, causing inflammation of the conjunctiva (the membrane lining the eyelids). It can be transmitted from mother to child during childbirth and may lead to vision problems if left untreated.

Diagnosis of Chlamydophila infections typically involves laboratory tests such as nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) or culture methods. Treatment usually consists of antibiotics, such as azithromycin or doxycycline, and may involve additional measures depending on the site and severity of infection. Prevention strategies include practicing safe sex, maintaining good hygiene, and receiving appropriate vaccinations for at-risk populations.

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a laboratory technique used to amplify specific regions of DNA. It enables the production of thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence in a rapid and efficient manner, making it an essential tool in various fields such as molecular biology, medical diagnostics, forensic science, and research.

The PCR process involves repeated cycles of heating and cooling to separate the DNA strands, allow primers (short sequences of single-stranded DNA) to attach to the target regions, and extend these primers using an enzyme called Taq polymerase, resulting in the exponential amplification of the desired DNA segment.

In a medical context, PCR is often used for detecting and quantifying specific pathogens (viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites) in clinical samples, identifying genetic mutations or polymorphisms associated with diseases, monitoring disease progression, and evaluating treatment effectiveness.

HeLa cells are a type of immortalized cell line used in scientific research. They are derived from a cancer that developed in the cervical tissue of Henrietta Lacks, an African-American woman, in 1951. After her death, cells taken from her tumor were found to be capable of continuous division and growth in a laboratory setting, making them an invaluable resource for medical research.

HeLa cells have been used in a wide range of scientific studies, including research on cancer, viruses, genetics, and drug development. They were the first human cell line to be successfully cloned and are able to grow rapidly in culture, doubling their population every 20-24 hours. This has made them an essential tool for many areas of biomedical research.

It is important to note that while HeLa cells have been instrumental in numerous scientific breakthroughs, the story of their origin raises ethical questions about informed consent and the use of human tissue in research.

Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is a sexually transmitted infection caused by certain strains of the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. It primarily affects the lymphatic system, leading to inflammation and swelling of the lymph nodes, particularly in the genital area.

The progression of LGV typically occurs in three stages:
1. Primary stage: A small painless papule or ulcer forms at the site of infection, usually on the genitals, within 3-30 days after exposure. This stage is often asymptomatic and resolves on its own within a few weeks.
2. Secondary stage: Within a few weeks to months after the initial infection, patients may develop painful inguinal or femoral lymphadenopathy (swollen lymph nodes) in the groin area, which can sometimes break open and drain. Other possible symptoms include fever, chills, malaise, headache, and joint pain.
3. Tertiary stage: If left untreated, LGV can lead to chronic complications such as fibrosis (scarring) and strictures of the lymphatic vessels, genital elephantiasis (severe swelling of the genitals), and rectovaginal fistulas (abnormal connections between the rectum and vagina).

LGV is more common in tropical and subtropical regions but has been increasingly reported in industrialized countries, particularly among men who have sex with men. Diagnosis typically involves laboratory testing of fluid from an infected lymph node or a sample from the genital ulcer. Treatment consists of antibiotics such as doxycycline, azithromycin, or erythromycin, which can effectively cure the infection if administered promptly.

Psittacosis is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Chlamydia psittaci, which is typically found in birds. It can be transmitted to humans through inhalation of dried secretions or feces from infected birds, and less commonly, through direct contact with infected birds or their environments. The disease is characterized by symptoms such as fever, headache, muscle aches, cough, and pneumonia. In severe cases, it can lead to respiratory failure, heart inflammation, and even death if left untreated. It's important to note that psittacosis is treatable with antibiotics, and early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for a favorable prognosis.

Sensitivity and specificity are statistical measures used to describe the performance of a diagnostic test or screening tool in identifying true positive and true negative results.

* Sensitivity refers to the proportion of people who have a particular condition (true positives) who are correctly identified by the test. It is also known as the "true positive rate" or "recall." A highly sensitive test will identify most or all of the people with the condition, but may also produce more false positives.
* Specificity refers to the proportion of people who do not have a particular condition (true negatives) who are correctly identified by the test. It is also known as the "true negative rate." A highly specific test will identify most or all of the people without the condition, but may also produce more false negatives.

In medical testing, both sensitivity and specificity are important considerations when evaluating a diagnostic test. High sensitivity is desirable for screening tests that aim to identify as many cases of a condition as possible, while high specificity is desirable for confirmatory tests that aim to rule out the condition in people who do not have it.

It's worth noting that sensitivity and specificity are often influenced by factors such as the prevalence of the condition in the population being tested, the threshold used to define a positive result, and the reliability and validity of the test itself. Therefore, it's important to consider these factors when interpreting the results of a diagnostic test.

Medical Definition:

"Risk factors" are any attribute, characteristic or exposure of an individual that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or injury. They can be divided into modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Modifiable risk factors are those that can be changed through lifestyle choices or medical treatment, while non-modifiable risk factors are inherent traits such as age, gender, or genetic predisposition. Examples of modifiable risk factors include smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and unhealthy diet, while non-modifiable risk factors include age, sex, and family history. It is important to note that having a risk factor does not guarantee that a person will develop the disease, but rather indicates an increased susceptibility.

Pregnancy is a physiological state or condition where a fertilized egg (zygote) successfully implants and grows in the uterus of a woman, leading to the development of an embryo and finally a fetus. This process typically spans approximately 40 weeks, divided into three trimesters, and culminates in childbirth. Throughout this period, numerous hormonal and physical changes occur to support the growing offspring, including uterine enlargement, breast development, and various maternal adaptations to ensure the fetus's optimal growth and well-being.

Urethritis is a medical condition that refers to the inflammation of the urethra, which is the tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body. Urethritis can be caused by various factors, including bacterial or viral infections, chemical irritants, or trauma to the urethra.

The most common cause of urethritis is a bacterial infection, such as chlamydia or gonorrhea, which can be transmitted through sexual contact. Other symptoms of urethritis may include pain or burning during urination, discharge from the urethra, and frequent urination.

Urethritis is typically diagnosed through a physical examination and laboratory tests to identify the underlying cause of the inflammation. Treatment for urethritis depends on the cause but may include antibiotics or other medications to treat infections, as well as measures to relieve symptoms such as pain and discomfort.

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the reproductive organs in women, specifically the uterus, fallopian tubes, and/or ovaries. It is often caused by an infection that ascends from the cervix or vagina into the upper genital tract. The infectious agents are usually sexually transmitted bacteria such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis, but other organisms can also be responsible.

Symptoms of PID may include lower abdominal pain, irregular menstrual bleeding, vaginal discharge with an unpleasant odor, fever, painful sexual intercourse, or pain in the lower back. However, some women with PID may not experience any symptoms at all. If left untreated, PID can lead to serious complications such as infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain.

Diagnosis of PID is typically based on a combination of clinical findings, physical examination, and laboratory tests. Treatment usually involves antibiotics to eradicate the infection and may also include pain management and other supportive measures. In some cases, hospitalization may be necessary for more intensive treatment or if complications arise.

The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body. In males, it also serves as the conduit for semen during ejaculation. The male urethra is longer than the female urethra and is divided into sections: the prostatic, membranous, and spongy (or penile) urethra. The female urethra extends from the bladder to the external urethral orifice, which is located just above the vaginal opening.

MedlinePlus is not a medical term, but rather a consumer health website that provides high-quality, accurate, and reliable health information, written in easy-to-understand language. It is produced by the U.S. National Library of Medicine, the world's largest medical library, and is widely recognized as a trusted source of health information.

MedlinePlus offers information on various health topics, including conditions, diseases, tests, treatments, and wellness. It also provides access to drug information, medical dictionary, and encyclopedia, as well as links to clinical trials, medical news, and patient organizations. The website is available in both English and Spanish and can be accessed for free.

"Chlamydia Infections". medlineplus.gov. Retrieved 2019-09-25. "Antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection in adults and ... Reproductive Tract Infections (RTIs) are infections that affect the Reproductive Tract. There are three types of RTIs: ... Iatrogenic RTIs are infections contracted as a result of a medical procedure. Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) are ... These can take the form of antibiotics for bacterial infections such as chlamydia or highly active anti-retroviral therapy ( ...
Pulmonary infections can occur in infants born to women with active chlamydia infections, although the rate of infection is ... Chlamydia trachomatis (/kləˈmɪdiə trəˈkoʊmətɪs/), commonly known as chlamydia, is a bacterium that causes chlamydia, which can ... Chlamydiae.com "Chlamydia trachomatis". NCBI Taxonomy Browser. 813. Type strain of Chlamydia trachomatis at BacDive - the ... trachomatis infection in the genitalia present as the chlamydia infection, which may be asymptomatic or may resemble a ...
"Lycopene Inhibits Propagation of Chlamydia Infection". Scientifica. 2017: 1-11. doi:10.1155/2017/1478625. ISSN 2090-908X. PMC ...
Miller KE (April 2006). "Diagnosis and treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis infection". Am Fam Physician. 73 (8): 1411-6. PMID ... The most common cause of an acute or subacute cough is a viral respiratory tract infection. A healthy adult also coughs 18.8 ... Kennel cough in dogs can result from a viral or bacterial infection. Deer can cough similarly to humans as a result of ... In the vast majority of cases, acute cough is due to acute viral upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), i.e., the common ...
Chia, John K. S.; Chia, Laura Y. (1999). "Chronic Chlamydia pneumoniae Infection: A Treatable Cause of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome ... Infections associated with diseases are those infections that are associated with possible infectious etiologies that meet the ... "Infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae and Risk of Multiple Sclerosis". Epidemiology. 14 (2): 141-7. doi:10.1097/01.EDE. ... "Chlamydia pneumoniae Infection and Risk for Lung Cancer". Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention. 19 (6): 1498-505. doi: ...
... is used to treat infections caused by Chlamydia (e.g. the chest infection psittacosis, the eye infection ... and infections caused by Chlamydia, Mycoplasma and Rickettsia. Doxycycline is now preferred to oxytetracycline for many of ... It is sometimes used to treat spirochaetal infections, clostridial wound infection and anthrax in patients sensitive to ... Oxytetracycline may also be used to treat other rarer infections, such as those caused by a group of micro-organisms called ...
Darville T (October 2005). "Chlamydia trachomatis infections in neonates and young children". Seminars in Pediatric Infectious ... Mixed infections with both viruses and bacteria may occur in roughly 45% of infections in children and 15% of infections in ... the amount of organism required to start an infection; and the body's immune response against the infection. Most bacteria ... Viral infections, can be confirmed via detection of either the virus or its antigens with culture or polymerase chain reaction ...
Zhan P, Suo LJ, Qian Q, Shen XK, Qiu LX, Yu LK, Song Y (March 2011). "Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and lung cancer risk: a ... Cho YS, Kim TB, Lee TH, Moon KA, Lee J, Kim YK, Lee KY, Moon HB (December 2005). "Chlamydia pneumoniae infection enhances ... Chlamydia pneumoniae infection was first associated with wheezing, asthmatic bronchitis, and adult-onset asthma in 1991. ... Sriram S, Stratton CW, Yao S, Tharp A, Ding L, Bannan JD, Mitchell WM (July 1999). "Chlamydia pneumoniae infection of the ...
"Chlamydia trachomatis infection in Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome". American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 138 (7 Pt 2): ... Common bacterial causes for this disease are Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Lee Goldman; Andrew I. Schafer ( ...
Sexually transmitted infections include: Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Chlamydia ... The stages include primary infection, asymptomatic infection, symptomatic infection, and AIDS. In the primary infection stage, ... However, chlamydia can be cured with antibiotics. The two most common forms of herpes are caused by infection with herpes ... "Chlamydia Infections: MedlinePlus". Nlm.nih.gov. Archived from the original on 2 July 2013. Retrieved 30 June 2013. "The Basics ...
Diener-West, Marie (1998). "Incident Chlamydia trachomatis Infections Among Inner-city Adolescent Females". JAMA. 280 (6): 521- ... Burstein, Gale R. (1998). "JAMA Network , JAMA , Incident Chlamydia trachomatis Infections Among Inner-city Adolescent Females ...
It is used to treat bacterial pneumonia, acne, chlamydia infections, Lyme disease, cholera, typhus, and syphilis. It is also ... infections Respiratory tract infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae Respiratory tract and urinary tract infections caused ... Escherichia coli infections Enterobacter aerogenes (formerly Aerobacter aerogenes) infections Shigella species infections ... Michael L. Rekart (December 2014). "Doxycycline: "New" treatment of choice for genital chlamydia infections". Archived from the ...
... urinary tract infections, and sepsis among others. It is not effective for gonorrhea or chlamydia infections. It can be given ... Gentamicin is used in the treatment of respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, blood, bone and soft tissue ... Gentamicin is an antibiotic used to treat several types of bacterial infections. This may include bone infections, endocarditis ... Topical formulations may be used in burns or for infections of the outside of the eye. It is often only used for two days until ...
ISBN 978-1-904097-32-7. OCLC 56565332.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) Chlamydia pneumoniae infection. Luigi Allegra, F ... His research area includes the effects of atypical bacterial infection in the immunity at cellular level in the chronic case of ... Respiratory Infections. United Kingdom: CRC Press, 2006. Menendez, Rosario. Community-Acquired Pneumonia: Strategies for ... Francesco, Blasi (2015). Textbook of Respiratory & Critical Care Infection. Dimopoulos George. DL: Jaypee Brothers, Medical ...
"Vaccination against Chlamydia Genital Infection Utilizing the Murine C. muridarum Model". Infection and Immunity. 79 (3): 986- ... In contrast to Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydia muridarum lacks a tryptophan operon. Due to this, Chlamydia muridarum responds ... "Vaccination against Chlamydia Genital Infection Utilizing the Murine C. muridarum Model". Infection and Immunity. 79 (3): 986- ... Chlamydia muridarum is an intracellular bacterial species that at one time belonged to Chlamydia trachomatis. However, C. ...
Common causes include infections due to gonorrhea, chlamydia, or trichomoniasis. In gonorrhea the discharge may be white, ... Common causes include infections due to gonorrhea, chlamydia, or trichomoniasis. Other causes include: Non-specific urethritis ... Treatment depends on the cause and any antibiotic prescribed depends on which infection is found. Spread of infection is ... Spread of infection is reduced by also treating sexual contacts. Risk factors include being sexually active men under the age ...
Chlamydia trachomatis is the M. violaceum of humans, except it is a bacterial sexually transmitted infection rather than fungal ... "Chlamydia trahomatis infection of the male genital tract: An update". Journal of Reproductive Immunology. 100 (1): 37-53. doi: ... In females, the infection can subdue the development of the reproductive organs, styles and ovaries, resulting in complete ... Male S. latifolia tend to have a lower rate of infection compared to female S. latifolia because males have the ability to drop ...
... , or more specifically a chlamydia infection, is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Chlamydia ... Chlamydia is known as the "silent epidemic", as at least 70% of genital C. trachomatis infections in women (and 50% in men) are ... Repeated chlamydia infections of the eyes that go without treatment can result in trachoma, a common cause of blindness in the ... The word chlamydia is from the Greek χλαμύδα, meaning 'cloak'. Chlamydial infection of the cervix (neck of the womb) is a ...
The risk of ectopic pregnancy after chlamydia infection is low. The exact mechanism through which chlamydia increases the risk ... Prevention is by decreasing risk factors such as chlamydia infections through screening and treatment. While some ectopic ... Risk factors for ectopic pregnancy include pelvic inflammatory disease, often due to chlamydia infection; tobacco smoking; ... Bakken IJ (February 2008). "Chlamydia trachomatis and ectopic pregnancy: recent epidemiological findings". Current Opinion in ...
March 2011). "Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and lung cancer risk: a meta-analysis". European Journal of Cancer. 47 (5): 742-7 ... One meta-analysis of serological data comparing prior Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in patients with and without lung cancer ... Infection by some hepatitis viruses, especially hepatitis B and hepatitis C, can induce a long-term viral infection that leads ... pylori infection. Due to the prevalence of infection by H. pylori in middle-aged adults (74% in developing countries and 58% in ...
Webley, WC (2017). "Infection-mediated asthma: etiology, mechanisms and treatment options, with focus on Chlamydia pneumoniae ... Hertzen, L.V. (2002). "Role of persistent infection in the control and severity of asthma: focus on Chlamydia pneumoniae". ... Chronic Mycoplasma pneumonia and Chlamydia pneumonia infections are associated with the onset and exacerbation of asthma. These ... Thus, M. pneumonia infection is chronic and persistent. Besides, Nisar et al. (2007) also adds that M. pneumonia infection ...
"Arlt's syndrome": A contagious eye infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. "Arlt's triangle": keratic precipitates ... Linear scar present in sulcus subtarsalis during Chlamydia trachomatis infection. "Arlt's operation": Transplantation of ...
... is an infectious disease caused by bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. The infection causes a roughening of the inner ... Globally, about 80 million people have an active infection. In some areas, infections may be present in as many as 60-90% of ... "Chlamydia trachomatis infection of the male genital tract: An update". Journal of Reproductive Immunology. 100 (1): 37-53. doi: ... Chlamydia infections, Infectious diseases with eradication efforts, Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate, Wikipedia ...
Chlamydia infection is impacted by IFN-γ in host cells. In human epithelial cells, IFN-γ upregulates expression of indoleamine ... IFN-γ has a significant anti-viral effect in herpes simplex virus I (HSV) infection. IFN-γ compromises the microtubules that ... Chesler DA, Reiss CS (December 2002). "The role of IFN-gamma in immune responses to viral infections of the central nervous ... In both the human and rodent systems, chlamydia has evolved mechanisms to circumvent the negative effects of host cell behavior ...
"Sexually transmitted infections and screening for chlamydia in England: 2022 report". GOV.UK. Retrieved 2023-07-07. "Gonorrhoea ... Gonorrhoea can quickly develop resistance to antibiotics used to treat infection, and in 2020, about half of all infections ... Infections are more common in men than in women. Nearly half of the reported cases of gonorrhoea are attributed to men who have ... As extragenital infections are often asymptomatic and are likely identified by screening, diagnoses among MSM may have been ...
Approximately one in fourteen untreated Chlamydia infections will result in salpingitis. Over one million cases of acute ... Because the infection can spread via the lymph vessels, infection in one fallopian tube usually leads to infection of the other ... Other complications are: Infection of ovaries and uterus Infection of sex partners An abscess on the ovary Internal scars ... "The natural history of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in women: a multi-parameter evidence synthesis". Health Technology ...
Infections caused by Trichomonas, Chlamydia and yeasts produce leukocyturia without bacteriuria. The inflammation of the renal ... Urinary infections can be identified including bacteriuria and pyuria. The test for nitrites is a rapid screening method for ... The test is a rapid screen for possible infections by enteric bacteria, but it does not replace the urinalysis tests nor ... Some of the gram negative bacteria species that most commonly cause urinary tract infections (Escherichia coli, Enterobacter, ...
... la hausse des infections sexuelles inquiète les experts". "Chlamydia et gonorrhée - la hausse des infections sexuelles inquiète ... In 2021, Switzerland had 12,000 cases of chlamydia which is a sexually transmissible disease. Lead poisoning PFAS pollutants ... ". "How healthy are the Swiss?". "HIV infections drop by a third". "Chlamydia et gonorrhée - ... Switzerland had 236 registered HIV new infections (about a third fewer than in 2019, partly because of the COVID-19 pandemic). ...
... can be due to Chlamydia infection and testing for Chlamydia antibodies is one diagnostic tool. A ... Tubal factor is one complication of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in women. Sexually transmitted Chlamydia and genital ... Chlamydia or Mycoplasma infection has caused tubal damage, as the affected woman may not have attempted to become pregnant ... When the infections progress and ascend, they can result in TFI. Infertility can have multiple possible causes and may not be ...
... formerly Chlamydiae), the diagnostic procedures to treat infections, the disease chlamydia, infections caused by the organisms ... Sexually transmitted diseases and infections, Bacterial diseases, Chlamydia infections, Infections with a predominantly sexual ... Chlamydia infections in wildlife are part of the research into chlamydia, particularly koalas' genomics and gene regulation ... The Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology continues its research into chlamydia infection. The institute has published ...
Chlamydia pneumoniae Chlamydia trachomatis (Chlamydia) Clostridium difficile Cyclospora cayetanensis Dengue virus Dientamoeba ... A subclinical infection-sometimes called a preinfection or inapparent infection-is an infection by a pathogen that causes few ... Sutton TL, Martinko T, Hale S, Fairchok MP (December 2003). "Prevalence and high rate of asymptomatic infection of Chlamydia ... "Features of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infection in Male Army Recruits". The Journal of Infectious ...
Immunohistochemistry Diagnostic and Prognostic and Epidemiology of Infections and Disorders Associated Chlamydia. From his ...
HIV Infection. Persons who have chlamydia and HIV infection should receive the same treatment regimen as those who do not have ... incident chlamydial infection was also associated with BV and high-risk HPV infection (785). Although chlamydia incidence might ... MSM with chlamydia have a high risk for coexisting infections, especially undiagnosed HIV, among their partners and might have ... Neonates born to mothers at high risk for chlamydial infection, with untreated chlamydia, or with no or unconfirmed prenatal ...
This type of infection is known as sexually transmitted infection (STI). ... This type of infection is known as sexually transmitted infection (STI). ... Chlamydia is an infection that can be passed from one person to another through sexual contact. ... Chlamydia is an infection that can be passed from one person to another through sexual contact. ...
Chlamydiae are small gram-negative obligate intracellular microorganisms that preferentially infect squamocolumnar epithelial ... Chlamydial infection can cause disease in many organ systems, including the genitourinary tract. ... encoded search term (Chlamydia (Chlamydial Genitourinary Infections)) and Chlamydia (Chlamydial Genitourinary Infections) What ... Chlamydia (Chlamydial Genitourinary Infections) Medication. Updated: Mar 09, 2021 * Author: Shahab Qureshi, MD, FACP; Chief ...
PATIENT CARE: AN EXPANDED ROLE FOR THE USE OF CHLAMYDIA TESTS. Presumptive Diagnosis of Chlamydial Infection. Chlamydia Tests ... Chlamydia infections: Proceedings of the sixth international symposium on human Chlamydial infections. Cambridge: Cambridge ... Screening Women for Chlamydial Infection. Screening of women for chlamydial infection is a principal element of a chlamydia ... PATIENT CARE: AN EXPANDED ROLE FOR THE USE OF CHLAMYDIA TESTS. The Chlamydia trachomatis infections policy guidelines published ...
Gaydos CA, Howell MR, Pare B, Clark KL, Ellis DA, Hendrix RM, Chlamydia trachomatis infections in female military recruits. N ... Diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis genitourinary infections. Ann Intern Med. 1988;108:710-7.PubMedGoogle Scholar ... Chlamydia trachomatis infections of the adult. In: Holmes KK, Mardh P-A, Sparling PF, Wiesner PJ, editors. Sexually transmitted ... Chlamydia trachomatis Infections in Female Soldiers, Israel. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2003;9(10):1344-1346. doi:10.3201/ ...
... Genitourin Med. 1987 Jun;63(3):179-81. doi: 10.1136/sti.63.3. ...
Chlamydia can cause permanent damage that can make it difficult or impossible for women to get pregnant. It often shows no ... Rates for Chlamydia have been rising in recent years. ... How to Treat Chlamydia. Chlamydia infections can typically be ... Chlamydia is the Militarys Most Common Sexually Transmitted Infection Chlamydia is the most common sexually transmitted ... Risks of Untreated Chlamydia. In women, leaving chlamydial infections of the CervixThe cervix is the lower, narrow end of the ...
"Chlamydia Infections" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Chlamydia Infections" was a major or minor ... "Chlamydia Infections" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical ... Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection and associated factors among asymptomatic pregnant ... Discrete Plasma Cytokine Profiles Among Pregnant Women in Botswana by Chlamydia trachomatis Infection, Human Immunodeficiency ...
Chlamydia can cause permanent damage that can make it difficult or impossible for women to get pregnant. It often shows no ... Rates for Chlamydia have been rising in recent years. ... How to Treat Chlamydia. Chlamydia infections can typically be ... Chlamydia is the Militarys Most Common Sexually Transmitted Infection Chlamydia is the most common sexually transmitted ... Risks of Untreated Chlamydia. In women, leaving chlamydial infections of the CervixThe cervix is the lower, narrow end of the ...
... probably represent acute reinfection or ongoing chronic infection. Repeated or prolonged exposure to C pneumoniae may have a ... Some C pneumoniae antibody titers, although not diagnostic of chlamydial infection by present criteria, ... Association of Chlamydia pneumoniae (strain TWAR) infection with wheezing, asthmatic bronchitis, and adult-onset asthma JAMA. ... There was no serologic evidence of coexisting Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia trachomatis, or respiratory viral infection in ...
Sexual behaviour in Britain: reported sexually transmitted infections and prevalent Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Lancet2001 ... Screening men for Chlamydia trachomatis infection: have we fully explored the possibilities? Comm Dis Public Health2000;3:86-9. ... There is new evidence to suggest high rates of genital chlamydia infection in heterosexual men ... Sexually Transmitted Infections 2002; 78 392-392 Published Online First: 01 Dec 2002. doi: 10.1136/sti.78.6.392-a ...
Correspondence to: Katherine M E Turner Health Protection Agency, Centre for Infections, 61 Colindale Ave, Colindale, London ...
... but these are an unreliable indicator of infection. The PRET study, in the Gambia, found that tests for infection could be used ... This paper shows, by estimating the costs, that testing children in a sample of census districts for infection can save ... chlamydia) is controlled by mass drug administration (MDA), which is recommended yearly for districts in which a trachoma ...
Adult Centers For Disease Control And Prevention (U.S.) Chlamydia Infections Chlamydia Trachomatis Female Health Occupations ... Chlamydia trachomatis infections : policy guidelines for prevention and control. Centers for Disease Control (U.S.) "Chlamydia ... Title : Chlamydia trachomatis infections : policy guidelines for prevention and control Corporate Authors(s) : Centers for ... Centers for Disease Control (U.S.) "Chlamydia trachomatis infections : policy guidelines for prevention and control" , 1985. ...
Download the citation for this article by clicking on one of the following citation managers:. ...
The concern of the study is whether a Chlamydia infection at inclusion indicates an increased risk for Chlamydia at follow-up ... A mutated Chlamydia, nvCT, has contributed to the increase. The occurrence of repeat infections is not investigated in Sweden. ... The collected data will provide gender-specific information on the occurrence of and risk for repeat Chlamydia infection, the ... reproductive health and history of Chlamydia, and condom use. Chlamydia tests were performed by self-sampled specimens, ...
Genital Infections case definitions; uniform criteria used to define a disease for public health surveillance. ... Chlamydia Trachomatis, Genital Infections , 1996 Case Definition. *Chlamydia Trachomatis, Genital Infections , 1995 Case ... Chlamydia Trachomatis, Genital Infections , 1990 Case Definition. Related Condition(s). *Chlamydia trachomatis infection ...
Keywords: Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydia infections, prevalence, nucleic acid amplification techniques; infertility, female; ... Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydia infections, prevalence, Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques, Infertility, female, ... Chlamydia trachomatis infection in infertile and pregnant women in southern Brazil Autores. * Deborah Beltrami Gomez ... Chlamydia trachomatis infection in infertile and pregnant women in southern Brazil. Clin Biomed Res [Internet]. 21º de outubro ...
... View/. Open Anil Poudel_ Dissertation. ... pecorum infection. These studies confirm the enormous economic impact of low-level asymptomatic C. pecorum infection and the ... High chlamydial infection associated with reduction of body weight gains by up to 48% and increased conjunctival reddening (P, ... Intracellular Chlamydia (C.) bacteria cause in cattle some acute but rare diseases such as abortion, sporadic bovine ...
Chlamydia and Other Nongonococcal Infections - Learn about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis & treatment from the MSD Manuals - ... Chlamydia can also be spread during oral sex, causing infection of the throat. Chlamydial throat infection usually causes no ... Symptoms of Chlamydia In men, symptoms of chlamydial urethritis start 7 to 28 days after the infection is acquired during ... Chlamydia and gonorrhea Gonorrhea Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae, ...
Acute Chlamydia pneumoniae infection causes coronary endothelial dysfunction in pigs.. Petru Liuba, Erkki Pesonen, Ilari ... Dive into the research topics of Acute Chlamydia pneumoniae infection causes coronary endothelial dysfunction in pigs.. ...
Nearly 4 million cases of chlamydial infections per annum are reported in US alone. Imagine the load of infections... ... SLE triggered by Chlamydia Infection is remote possibility or a coincidence Detailed Answer: Hi, Welcome to ASK A DOCTOR ... Hello ! I Have Question Does CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS INFECTION A Brief Answer: SLE triggered by Chlamydia Infection is remote ... has not described Chlamydia Infection association with SLE and other study said that if SLE woman get Chlamydia Infection they ...
Les infections génitales à chlamydia trachomatis dans une consultation vénéréologique ...
... infection. The CDCs recommendations for antiretroviral postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) af... ... Sexually transmitted infections: gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis *Frequency: Time of exposure, 4-6 weeks after exposure ... 1 in 1250 risk of infection per act), and insertive penile-vaginal intercourse (1 in 2500 risk of infection per act). [1] Of ... bacterial sexually transmitted infections, traumatic injuries, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection, or pregnancy ...
3Women who are unmarried or are 18-24 years of age were more likely to test positive for chlamydia.4 Chlamydia infections are ... Chlamydia was the most common infection (27.9% in 2012 and 22.9% in 2017), with fewer tests in 2017 compared to 2012 (2207 to ... Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in Samoan women aged 18 to 29 and assessment of possible risk factors: a ... Return to Article Details Comparing age and sex trends of chlamydia, gonorrhoea, hepatitis and syphilis infections in Samoa in ...
Asymptomatic infections of Chlamydia have commonly been reported in various birds worldwide. In this study, we investigated the ... Chlamydia psittaci is the primary agent of the disease. It is also an important zoonotic pathogen. Chlamydia avium and ... Prevalence of asymptomatic infections of Chlamydia psittaci in psittacine birds in Korea. ... Prevalence of asymptomatic infections of Chlamydia psittaci in psittacine birds in Korea. ...
... infection. Remarkably, Chlamydia infection subverted the immune suppressive role of CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs; instead of hampering ... The role of regulatory T and B cells in host responses to Chlamydia genital tract infection. ... To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating a regulatory role for IL-10+ B cells in Chlamydia infection. ... Anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody treatment depleted Tregs prior to Chlamydia GT infection and markedly reduced the frequency and ...
Background. Infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae, a common human respiratory pathogen, has recently been associated with ... Background. Infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae, a common human respiratory pathogen, has recently been associated with ... Serological markers of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in patients with cardiovascular disease. Justyna Niedźwiadek, Elżbieta ... pneumoniae infection.. Aim of the study. The aim of our study was to evaluate the frequency of C. pneumoniae infection in CHD, ...
General practice update: chlamydia infection in women. Message Subject (Your Name) has forwarded a page to you from British ... General practice update: chlamydia infection in women.. P Oakeshott and P Hay ...
  • Although evidence is insufficient to recommend routine screening for C. trachomatis among sexually active young men because of certain factors (i.e., feasibility, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness), screening of sexually active young men should be considered in clinical settings with a high prevalence of chlamydia (e.g., adolescent clinics, correctional facilities, or STD specialty clinics) or for populations with a high burden of infection (e.g. (cdc.gov)
  • We examined the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in Israeli female soldiers. (cdc.gov)
  • Recent studies from the United States and Europe report that the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis ranges from 5% to 20% in sexually active persons ( 1 , 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection and associated factors among asymptomatic pregnant women in Botswana. (harvard.edu)
  • The results of this analysis confirm previously observed trends in Samoa for younger age groups' prevalence of chlamydia and gonorrhoea, and for older age groups' prevalence of hepatitis B and C. But the analysis also unexpectedly found that older age groups (aged 45 and above) are more likely to test positive for syphilis (for years 2014 and 2017). (who.int)
  • NHANES offers an opportunity to assess the prevalence of chlamydia and gonococcal infection in the general population and to monitor trends in prevalence as prevention programs are established and expanded. (cdc.gov)
  • The Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis Infection in Women Attending Health Clinics in Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran', International Journal of Fertility and Sterility , 4(3), pp. 128-133. (ijfs.ir)
  • Chlamydia is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the U.S.. In the photo, a service member at Naval Medical Center Camp LeJeune Community Health Clinic gets tested for STIs. (health.mil)
  • And the rates for Chlamydia, among both men and women, have been rising in recent years, according to a 2021 report on sexually transmitted infections, or STIs, from the Defense Health Agency's Armed Forces Health Surveillance Branch. (health.mil)
  • Rates of chlamydia were greater than the sum of the other four most common STIs combined, according to the report. (health.mil)
  • And while "females statistically show higher incidences of chlamydia," this could be because "they are also more likely to be screened and therefore diagnosed with STIs due to recommended screening programs for all asymptomatic sexually active young women and pregnant women," she said. (health.mil)
  • Overview of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) Sexually transmitted infection (STI) refers to an infection that is passed through blood, semen, vaginal fluids, or other body fluids during oral, anal, or genital sex with an infected partner. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are an ongoing health challenge in Samoa and across the Pacific. (who.int)
  • 8 This suggests a persistently high prevalence of STIs, particularly chlamydia, for the past decade. (who.int)
  • Maintaining open communication with your healthcare provider and staying informed about your sexual health can help prevent chlamydia and other STIs. (naomedical.com)
  • Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) are infections spread by sexual activity, usually by vaginal intercourse, anal sex or oral sex. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some examples of STIs are listed below: Bacterial STIs Chlamydia Gonorrhoea Syphilis Viral STIs Herpes Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Many parts of the Reproductive system can be affected by cancer. (wikipedia.org)
  • Treatment is also required for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). (wikipedia.org)
  • ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the educational needs and knowledge about sexually transmittable infections (STIs) demonstrated by midwives. (who.int)
  • Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) detect and treat suspected STI cases in collection: the Sexually Transmitted are a global public health problem. (who.int)
  • Agents used in the management of chlamydial genitourinary infections are treated primarily by administering antibiotics. (medscape.com)
  • Those guidelines highlighted the prevalence and morbidity of chlamydial infections and stressed the need to include antibiotics effective against chlamydia when treating patients for urethritis, mucopurulent cervicitis, and pelvic inflammatory disease. (cdc.gov)
  • Antibiotics can cure the infection, and sex partners should be treated at the same time. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A regimen of antibiotics is usually prescribed and taking them correctly will be effective in healing the infection. (singaporestd.com)
  • C. trachomatis infection can be effectively cured with antibiotics . (df.tips)
  • 5) Which of the following antibiotics are the drug of choice or are the first line treatment for chlamydia infection? (medicalbiochemist.com)
  • The infection is treatable with antibiotics, typically azithromycin or doxycycline. (naomedical.com)
  • It's crucial to complete the full course of prescribed antibiotics to ensure the infection is fully treated. (naomedical.com)
  • These can take the form of antibiotics for bacterial infections such as chlamydia or highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) for the HIV virus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cochrane Abstracts , Evidence Central , evidence.unboundmedicine.com/evidence/view/Cochrane/431467/all/Antibiotics_for_treating_urogenital_Chlamydia_trachomatis_infection_in_men_and_non���pregnant_women. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The Gambia's success in eliminating trachoma is largely attributed to strong collaboration with partner organizations to implement the WHO-developed SAFE strategy, which entails surgery for trichiasis (in-turned eyelashes), antibiotics to clear infection, and facial cleanliness and environmental improvement (particularly increased access to water and sanitation) to decrease transmission. (who.int)
  • In modern medicine, chlamydia infection is commonly treated by antibiotics. (drleetcmclinic.com)
  • Chlamydia can be cured with antibiotics and early treatment can prevent lasting damage to your body. (healthywomen.org)
  • Bacterial infections like chlamydia can be cured with antibiotics. (webmd.com)
  • Recommendations for laboratory-based detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, 2014. (medlineplus.gov)
  • High Cure Rate Among Pregnant Women in a Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae Testing and Treatment Intervention Study in Gaborone, Botswana. (harvard.edu)
  • Gonorrhea Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae , which infect the lining of the urethra, cervix, rectum, or throat, or the membranes that cover. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The BDProbeTec CT Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae Amplified DNA Assays are based on the simultaneous amplification and detection of target DNA, using amplification primers and a fluorescent labeled detector probe. (cdc.gov)
  • Other risk factors included tobacco use and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Il existe differentes methodes de diagnostic sur differents types de prelevement pour mettre en evidence Neisseria gonorrhoeae. (bvsalud.org)
  • The STD-KQ contains 27 items for Neisseria gonorrhoeae , Chlamydia ( 10 , 15 ). (who.int)
  • Women can also develop pelvic inflammatory disease, "which is an infection of the upper reproductive tracts causing abdominal and pelvic pain and even inflammation of the liver capsule, causing pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen," she said. (health.mil)
  • Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) Pelvic inflammatory disease is an infection of the upper female reproductive organs (the cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries). (msdmanuals.com)
  • PID (pelvic inflammatory disease - a complication of untreated Chlamydia) is a serious enough topic to warrant its own post, but untreated infections lead to infertility, an increased rate of tubal (ectopic) pregnancies and other complications. (jeffreysterlingmd.com)
  • 16) Which of the following syndrome is most commonly associated with complications of pelvic inflammatory disease caused by Chlamydia trachomatis ? (medicalbiochemist.com)
  • In women, if left untreated, chlamydia can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), which may cause chronic pain and fertility problems. (naomedical.com)
  • Sexually transmitted infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis may lead to pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, infertility, and chronic pelvic pain in women. (cdc.gov)
  • Although it affects both men and women, chlamydia can be especially harmful for women because it may cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) if left undiagnosed and untreated. (healthywomen.org)
  • Health issues linked to douching include yeast infections, bacterial vaginosis, and pelvic inflammatory disease. (webmd.com)
  • Diagnosis and management of uncomplicated chlamydia trachomatis infections in adolescents and adults: summary of evidence reviewed for the 2021 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention sexually transmitted infections treatment guidelines. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In 1985, CDC published Policy Guidelines for Prevention and Control of Chlamydia trachomatis infections (1). (cdc.gov)
  • Chlamydia trachomatis infections are common in sexually active adolescents and young adults in the United States (CDC, unpublished review). (cdc.gov)
  • Second-generation cephalosporin with activity against some gram-positive cocci, gram-negative rod infections, and anaerobic bacteria. (medscape.com)
  • Infections caused by cephalosporin- or penicillin-resistant gram-negative bacteria may respond to cefoxitin. (medscape.com)
  • Infections with bacteria of the genus CHLAMYDIA. (harvard.edu)
  • Intracellular Chlamydia (C.) bacteria cause in cattle some acute but rare diseases such as abortion, sporadic bovine encephalomyelitis, kerato-conjunctivitis, pneumonia, enteritis and polyarthritis. (auburn.edu)
  • Chlamydial infections include sexually transmitted infections of the urethra, cervix, and rectum that are caused by the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis . (msdmanuals.com)
  • Other bacteria, such as Ureaplasma and Mycoplasma , can also cause infections of the urethra. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Laboratories can identify chlamydiae but have difficulty identifying the other bacteria, so these are sometimes called nongonococcal infections. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Prior treated infections of chlamydia can recur if a person is exposed to the bacteria again. (dtapclinic.com.my)
  • Chlamydia is cause by the bacteria called Chlamydia trachomatis. (dtapclinic.com.my)
  • Chlamydiae are obligate intracellular bacteria responsible for pulmonary infections, ocular trachoma, sexually transmitted diseases, and infections of the genital tract in the pediatric and adult population. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • 15) Which of the following bacteria is responsible for the infection 'psittacosis' that is transmitted from the parrots to humans? (medicalbiochemist.com)
  • Secondarily, a matched comparison of patients with and without evidence of C pneumoniae infection (serologic titers greater than or equal to 1:64 and less than 1:16, respectively). (nih.gov)
  • Association of acute C pneumoniae infection with signs and symptoms of respiratory illness and the relationship of C pneumoniae antibody titer with wheezing at the time of enrollment in the study, and with the diagnosis of asthmatic bronchitis. (nih.gov)
  • Nine (47%) of 19 patients with acute C pneumoniae infection had bronchospasm during respiratory illness, and there was a strong quantitative association of C pneumoniae titer with wheezing at the time of enrollment in the study (P = .01). (nih.gov)
  • Acute Chlamydia pneumoniae infection causes coronary endothelial dysfunction in pigs. (lu.se)
  • Dive into the research topics of 'Acute Chlamydia pneumoniae infection causes coronary endothelial dysfunction in pigs. (lu.se)
  • According to the literature data, a significantly high percentage of patients with cardiovascular diseases exhibited serological markers of chronic C. pneumoniae infection. (viamedica.pl)
  • The aim of our study was to evaluate the frequency of C. pneumoniae infection in CHD, CAD and AAA patients by measuring specific serum IgG, IgM and IgA levels. (viamedica.pl)
  • Serological markers of chronic C. pneumoniae infection were detected in 37/47 (80.9%) CHD patients, in 12/17 (70.6%) CAD patients, in 25/28 (89.3%) AAA patients and in 6/20 (30%) healthy controls. (viamedica.pl)
  • Serological signs of chronic C. pneumoniae infection occur statistically more frequently in CHD, CAD and AAA patients in comparison with healthy controls. (viamedica.pl)
  • Active C. pneumoniae infection is associated with symptomatic CAD and AAA. (viamedica.pl)
  • Chlamydial infection is the most frequently reported bacterial infectious disease in the United States, and prevalence is highest among persons aged ≤24 years ( 141 , 784 ). (cdc.gov)
  • To detect chlamydial infection, health care providers frequently rely on screening tests. (cdc.gov)
  • In a community-based cohort of female college students, incident chlamydial infection was also associated with BV and high-risk HPV infection ( 785 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Chlamydial infection. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends azithromycin and doxycycline as first-line drugs for the treatment of chlamydial infection. (medscape.com)
  • In the United States, published studies of sexually active females screened during visits to health-care providers indicate that age is the sociodemographic factor most strongly associated with chlamydial infection. (cdc.gov)
  • The prevalence of chlamydial infection also has been higher among those patients who live in inner cities, have a lower socioeconomic status, or are black (5-11). (cdc.gov)
  • For example, "reactive arthritis is an inflammatory arthritis that causes swelling and joint pain after chlamydial infection. (health.mil)
  • Some C pneumoniae antibody titers, although not diagnostic of chlamydial infection by present criteria, probably represent acute reinfection or ongoing chronic infection. (nih.gov)
  • The current paper presents the study protocol for the first Swedish clinical investigation of repeat Chlamydial infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In calves, we analyzed in biweekly sampling the association of blood/plasma markers of health and infection with clinical appearance and growth in dependence of chlamydial infection intensity determined by mucosal chlamydial burden or contemporaneous anti-chlamydial plasma IgM. (auburn.edu)
  • But I had come across a single case triggered by chlamydial infection or suspected to be so far in my 45 years of experience. (healthcaremagic.com)
  • The impact of chlamydial infection on male infertility is still unknown and obtained results are controversial. (amedi.sk)
  • the proportion of men with chlamydial infection among infertile men examined in the period of 1996-2005 in the Clinic of Urology of Medical Faculty and Faculty Hospital in Košice, 2. (amedi.sk)
  • association between chlamydial infection and morphological sperm changes, 3. (amedi.sk)
  • influence of different strategies of treatment of chlamydial infection on sperm quality. (amedi.sk)
  • In 215 (19.5 %) of them chlamydial infection was identified as a single cause of infertility. (amedi.sk)
  • A significant relationship was found between chlamydial infection and sperm tail pathology (p = 0.035). (amedi.sk)
  • Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate a significantly higher rate of incidence of chlamydial infection in infertile men than in normal population and indicated the higher frequency of sperm pathology associated with chlamydial infection in infertile men, predominantly sperm tail pathology. (amedi.sk)
  • Unrecognized infection is highly prevalent in this group (CDC, unpublished review). (cdc.gov)
  • Why is Chlamydia so Prevalent? (health.mil)
  • Woollens said one of the big reasons chlamydia is so prevalent is that there's a large patient population that is infected with chlamydia without any symptoms, "providing an ongoing source for disease transmission. (health.mil)
  • Both studies, along with STI surveillance reports, confirm the substantial disease prevalence among community and GUM clinic populations of men and the marked heterogeneity in the prevalent pool of undiagnosed infection in the population. (bmj.com)
  • Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is the most prevalent sexually transmitted bacterial infection, affecting mainly young, sexually active women. (ufrgs.br)
  • Chlamydia is a prevalent and often asymptomatic STI that can lead to severe health complications if left untreated. (naomedical.com)
  • Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is a common cause of sexually transmitted infections (STI) and a prevalent microorganism found in the vaginal discharge of sexually active women. (ijfs.ir)
  • Trich is more prevalent than chlamydia and gonorrhea combined. (healthywomen.org)
  • Therefore, detection of Chlamydia trachomatis infection should be included as a routine procedure in male infertility work-up. (amedi.sk)
  • Asymptomatic infection is common among both men and women. (cdc.gov)
  • Most importantly, for up to 80% of infected women, infection is asymptomatic, resulting in failure to seek timely medical care and the exacerbation of such sequelae ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • It can be entirely asymptomatic but still transmissible, or it can cause infection of specific anatomic sites depending on the type of intercourse practiced (oral, rectal, or vaginal)," Woollens said. (health.mil)
  • In two independent prospective observational studies, we investigated the impact of naturally acquired endemic asymptomatic C. pecorum infections on neonatal health, fertility and milk production in dairy cows. (auburn.edu)
  • These studies confirm the enormous economic impact of low-level asymptomatic C. pecorum infection and the need for a protective vaccine against C. pecorum. (auburn.edu)
  • Prevalence of asymptomatic infections of Chlamydia psittaci in psittacine birds in Korea. (bvsalud.org)
  • Asymptomatic infections of Chlamydia have commonly been reported in various birds worldwide. (bvsalud.org)
  • There were no significant differences in the prevalence of asymptomatic infections in birds among three types of housing environments . (bvsalud.org)
  • Overall findings showed high prevalence of asymptomatic infections of C. psittaci in psittacine birds in Korea , posing a significant hazard to public health . (bvsalud.org)
  • Although widespread screening is not recommended, targeted screening of young women (i.e., those aged ≤25 years) at increased risk for infection is a primary component of gonorrhea control in the United States because gonococcal infections among women are frequently asymptomatic. (cdc.gov)
  • The high rate of concordant infection, high frequency of infection among asymptomatic individuals, and high frequency of transmission regardless of sex underscore the importance of routine screening for chlamydia in both males and females, along with provision of treatment to all sexual partners of chlamydia- infected individuals. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Gonorrhea often occurs with chlamydia. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The Estimated Lifetime Quality-Adjusted Life-Years Lost Due to Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, and Trichomoniasis in the United States in 2018. (harvard.edu)
  • Sometimes people have gonorrhea and chlamydia at the same time. (msdmanuals.com)
  • USPSTF does not recommend screening for gonorrhea in women who are at low risk for infection (81). (cdc.gov)
  • However, following Pap screening, there should be a clinical indication for reflex additional testing of liquid cytology specimens for chlamydia and gonorrhea since these specimen types are more widely used in older populations at low risk for infection. (cdc.gov)
  • A pregnant woman with gonorrhea can pass the condition to her baby during delivery, which can cause blindness or a potentially deadly blood infection in the baby. (healthywomen.org)
  • Like chlamydia, gonorrhea often causes no symptoms. (healthywomen.org)
  • Testing recommendations for gonorrhea are the same as those for chlamydia. (healthywomen.org)
  • 3 Women who are unmarried or are 18-24 years of age were more likely to test positive for chlamydia. (who.int)
  • If you test positive for chlamydia, inform your sexual partners so they can also be tested and treated if necessary. (naomedical.com)
  • How to treat Chlamydia infection? (df.tips)
  • Traditional Chinese medicine believes that it is not enough to treat Chlamydia infection only by the effect of drug sterilization and anti-inflammation, but also requires the effect of changing the living environment of chlamydia, so as to fundamentally remove the focus and prevent a recurrence, and Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill is a good choice. (drleetcmclinic.com)
  • If you have symptoms of a chlamydia infection, your health care provider will collect a sample for culture or a test called nucleic acid amplification. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Infection by this organism is insidious -- symptoms are absent or minor among most infected women and many men. (cdc.gov)
  • When chlamydia does show symptoms, they can vary. (health.mil)
  • The most common clinical symptoms in males are infections of the urethra, which can cause burning and pain during urination, she said. (health.mil)
  • Because the infection frequently causes no symptoms, twice as many people may actually be infected than are reported to have chlamydia. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In men, symptoms of chlamydial urethritis start 7 to 28 days after the infection is acquired during intercourse. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Early stages of the infection are often unnoticed and patients may even have the infection for months without symptoms. (dtapclinic.com.my)
  • Between the period of a week to 3 weeks after infection, Chlamydia symptoms may or may not appear which has given it the name of being a 'silent' infection. (singaporestd.com)
  • A Chlamydia infection in the anus will rarely show symptoms in both men and women. (singaporestd.com)
  • Just what exactly signs and symptoms performed you feel using chlamydia? (global-medicalsearch.com)
  • What Are the Signs and symptoms of Chlamydia in men and girls? (global-medicalsearch.com)
  • Chlamydia can be described as 'subtle' disorder because the majority of attacked people have virtually no symptoms. (global-medicalsearch.com)
  • 12) When do the symptoms of neonatal pneumonia in babies start to show caused by Chlamydia trachomatis ? (medicalbiochemist.com)
  • Chlamydia often shows no symptoms, particularly in its early stages, making regular testing crucial for sexually active individuals. (naomedical.com)
  • By understanding the risk factors, symptoms, and treatment options, you can take charge of your sexual health and prevent the spread of chlamydia. (naomedical.com)
  • On the other hand, the correlation between the presence of infection and a positive history of STD symptoms, both present and past was significant. (ijfs.ir)
  • After chlamydia invades your body, most people do not have any clinical symptoms or discomfort, so how does chlamydia cause sexual dysfunction? (drleetcmclinic.com)
  • Chlamydia is considered a "silent" infection because most people who have it show no symptoms . (healthywomen.org)
  • Most infected persons have minimal to no symptoms and untreated infections might last for months to years," Faye said. (healthywomen.org)
  • Ocular prophylaxis at birth does not reliably prevent C. trachomatis conjunctivitis or extraocular infection, even if erythromycin ointment is used. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Main outcome measures: Prevalence of clinical signs of trachoma, Chlamydia trachomatis infection, ocular non-chlamydial infections, and seropositivity for antibodies to the C. trachomatis Pgp3 protein. (nintione.com.au)
  • Safe sex practices are needed to prevent becoming infected with chlamydia or spreading it to others. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Adolescents and young adults are at substantial risk of becoming infected with chlamydia. (cdc.gov)
  • For women, C. trachomatis urogenital infection can be diagnosed by vaginal or cervical swabs or first-void urine. (cdc.gov)
  • Optimal urogenital specimen types for chlamydia screening by using NAAT include first-catch urine (for men) and vaginal swabs (for women) ( 553 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Materials and methods: We have examined 1324 men from infertile couples to determine Chlamydia trachomatis presence in urogenital tract using direct immuno-fluorescence, direct ELISA or PCR methods. (amedi.sk)
  • A total of 402 women who referred for routine pap smears to randomly selected health centers in Shiraz were tested with the IMAGEN Chlamydia test, a direct immunofluorescence test for the detection of Chlamydia in human urogenital specimens. (ijfs.ir)
  • 2021). Motives for infections. (who.int)
  • In females, the most common clinical finding is cervical infection, which can result in abnormal vaginal discharge, vaginal bleeding, or bleeding and pain with intercourse," said Woollens. (health.mil)
  • Receptive anal intercourse constitutes the highest risk exposure (1 in 72 risk for infection per act), followed by insertive anal intercourse (1 in 900 risk of infection per act), receptive penile-vaginal intercourse (1 in 1250 risk of infection per act), and insertive penile-vaginal intercourse (1 in 2500 risk of infection per act). (medscape.com)
  • First catch urine from women, while acceptable for screening, might detect up to 10% fewer infections when compared with vaginal and endocervical swab samples (82,87,89) (Box 2). (cdc.gov)
  • A first catch urine specimen is acceptable but might detect up to 10% fewer infections when compared with vaginal and endocervical swab samples. (cdc.gov)
  • Here we investigated the associations between natural clearance of cervical Ct infection, the vaginal microbiome, and the requirements for IFNγ by evaluating the vaginal microbial and cytokine composition of Ct treatment visit samples from women who cleared Ct infection in the interim between their Ct screening and Ct treatment visit. (figshare.com)
  • Certain women who receive a diagnosis of uncomplicated cervical infection already have subclinical upper genital tract infection. (cdc.gov)
  • C. trachomatis is responsible for neonatal conjunctivitis, trachoma, pneumonia in young infants, genital tract infection, and LGV. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The "rates of chlamydia have been steadily increasing in the general U.S. population among both females and males since 2000," according to the report. (health.mil)
  • 2 Samoa has historically reported high rates of chlamydia and gonorrhoea and low rates of HIV and syphilis from cross-sectional antenatal prevalence studies. (who.int)
  • The bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis causes Chlamydia which can infect the rectum and urethra in men and women. (singaporestd.com)
  • Chlamydia is caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis, which can infect the genitals, rectum, throat, and eyes. (naomedical.com)
  • Trachoma is a devastating eye disease caused by infection with the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis . (who.int)
  • Abstract: The Europe Chlamydia Infection Therapeutics market size is $XX million USD in 2018 with XX CAGR from 2014 to 2018, and it is expected to reach $XX million USD by the end of 2024 with a CAGR of XX% from 2019 to 2024. (marketresearchinc.com)
  • Females can also get infection of the urethra, causing painful and frequent urination. (health.mil)
  • Urethritis Urethritis is infection of the urethra, the tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body. (msdmanuals.com)
  • When chlamydia invades the urethra mucosa, it will cause prostatitis, seminal vesiculitis, epididymitis, orchitis, cystitis, and so on if it propagates and destroys the adjacent normal tissue structure. (drleetcmclinic.com)
  • Chlamydia - commonly known as "the clam" - is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the military community, military health data shows. (health.mil)
  • They're commonly used to treat UTIs and other infections. (webmd.com)
  • Reiter's disease is the one established to be triggered by Chlamydia Trachomatis nongonococcal infection. (healthcaremagic.com)
  • There was no serologic evidence of coexisting Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia trachomatis, or respiratory viral infection in 96% of patients with asthmatic bronchitis and asthma. (nih.gov)
  • Odds ratio and χ 2 tests were conducted to compare the rates of positivity of chlamydia, gonorrhoea, hepatitis B and C, and syphilis across age groups from 2012 and 2017 surveillance data in Samoa. (who.int)
  • The first seroprevalence survey in the country, conducted in 2000, found that chlamydia and trichomoniasis infections were common among pregnant women (30.9% and 20.8%, respectively), with a low prevalence of gonorrhoea and syphilis (3.3% and 0.5%, respectively). (who.int)
  • The 2017 national positivity rates for chlamydia, gonorrhoea and syphilis (24.2%, 5.6% and 1.04%, respectively) are similar to previous prevalence rates. (who.int)
  • For a cross-sectional study, the data of all patients in the country who had an STI investigation (routine or suspect) from any provider were analysed for years 2012 ( n = 18 804) and 2017 ( n = 48 898) to compare trends in the positive diagnosis of chlamydia, gonorrhoea, hepatitis B and C, and syphilis by age and sex. (who.int)
  • The main symptom during the primary stage of syphilis is sores in the area where the infection first occurred (around the genitals, anus or mouth). (healthywomen.org)
  • During pregnancy, a person with syphilis can spread the infection to the baby, which can cause low birthweight, preterm birth or stillbirth. (healthywomen.org)
  • Between 1905 and 1910, Schaudinn and Hoffman identified T pallidum as the cause of syphilis, and Wasserman described a diagnostic test for the long-recognized infection. (medscape.com)
  • When left untreated, syphilis is a lifelong infection that progresses in 3 clear characteristic stages. (medscape.com)
  • Meningeal syphilis rarely occurs and presents a few years after the original infection. (medscape.com)
  • For men, C. trachomatis urethral infection can be diagnosed by testing first-void urine or a urethral swab. (cdc.gov)
  • DNA tests of a sample of the discharge or of urine can detect chlamydia. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Chlamydia can be diagnosed through a urine test or a swab of the affected area. (naomedical.com)
  • Other initiatives (for example, the PHLS chlamydia incidence and reinfection study) are just beginning. (bmj.com)
  • It examines the association between the suspension of core STI public health services and the incidence of reported chlamydia. (upstreamlab.org)
  • This unique study examines the impact of a sudden reduction in the availability of sexual health services on the incidence of reported cases of chlamydia. (upstreamlab.org)
  • Trachoma is a neglected tropical eye disease that mainly affects children, with infection less common with increasing age. (who.int)
  • If chlamydia spreads into your uterus and fallopian tubes, it can cause scarring. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Infection sometimes spreads to the tube that carries sperm from the testicles. (dtapclinic.com.my)
  • The infection spreads from person to person through contaminated fingers, fomites and flies that came into contact with discharge from the eyes and nose of an infected person. (who.int)
  • 25 years is recommended, as is screening of older women at increased risk for infection (e.g., women aged ≥25 years who have a new sex partner, more than one sex partner, a sex partner with concurrent partners, or a sex partner who has an STI) ( 149 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Chlamydia screening programs have been demonstrated to reduce PID rates among women ( 786 , 787 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Among women, the primary focus of chlamydia screening should be to detect and treat chlamydia, prevent complications, and test and treat their partners, whereas targeted chlamydia screening for men should be considered only when resources permit, prevalence is high, and such screening does not hinder chlamydia screening efforts for women ( 789 - 791 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Until recently, chlamydia prevention and patient care were impeded by the lack of suitable laboratory tests for screening and diagnosis. (cdc.gov)
  • Through education, screening, partner referral, and proper patient care, public health workers and health-care practitioners can combine efforts to decrease the morbidity and costs resulting from this infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Consequently, screening programs have been recommended to reduce infection, transmission, and disease consequences ( 4 , 5 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Impact of COVID-19 on Sexually Transmitted Infection and HIV Screening at an Urban Safety-Net Hospital. (harvard.edu)
  • Costs, Health Benefits, and Cost-Effectiveness of Chlamydia Screening and Partner Notification in the United States, 2000-2019: A Mathematical Modeling Analysis. (harvard.edu)
  • Six years after publication of the first expert advisory recommendations 1 and subsequent calls for the introduction of a national chlamydia screening programme, tentative steps are at last being made towards its implementation. (bmj.com)
  • Results of the Department of Health funded chlamydia screening pilots in Portsmouth and the Wirral found a prevalence of up to 9% among young men attending youth centres and nearly twice this among men attending GUM clinics. (bmj.com)
  • We now have evidence which questions the wisdom of the targeting of sexual health screening by sex for chlamydia as men have an equal, or even greater, risk of infection than women. (bmj.com)
  • Several guidelines and recommendations for prevention, screening, diagnosis, treatment, and management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have been issued by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and other federal government agencies. (medscape.com)
  • Screening programs have been demonstrated to reduce both the prevalence of C. trachomatis infection and rates of PID in women (79,80). (cdc.gov)
  • Although chlamydia prevalence data have provided a basis for setting age guidelines for routine annual screening and behavioral guidelines for targeted screening in women (11), no such consensus has been reached regarding control program definitions in men who have sex with women (12). (cdc.gov)
  • Generally, erythromycin is considered a recommended treatment for chlamydial genitourinary infection only in pregnant women. (medscape.com)
  • Chlamydia can cause permanent damage that can make it difficult or impossible for women to get pregnant. (health.mil)
  • Sexually Transmitted Infections in Pregnant People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Temporal Trends, Demographic Correlates, and Association With Preterm Birth. (harvard.edu)
  • Discrete Plasma Cytokine Profiles Among Pregnant Women in Botswana by Chlamydia trachomatis Infection, Human Immunodeficiency Virus Status, and Gestational Age. (harvard.edu)
  • Pregnant mothers can transmit the infection to their baby as well during childbirth. (dtapclinic.com.my)
  • Pregnant women may transmit infection to their newborn, causing serious medical complications. (cdc.gov)
  • Our goal was to define the risk factors for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection among pregnant women at a large urban medical centre. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Also, pregnant women with chlamydia can give chlamydia to their babies during childbirth. (healthywomen.org)
  • In the U.S., chlamydial infections increased by 19% between 2015 and 2019, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ," Woollens said. (health.mil)
  • Untreated infection may lead to reproductive complications due to tubal damage. (ufrgs.br)
  • Chlamydia can also increase the risk of ectopic pregnancy in women and potentially lead to life-threatening complications. (naomedical.com)
  • Complications from PID can cause long-term pelvic pain and infection in the fallopian tubes. (healthywomen.org)
  • Males can also get infection of the epididymis [a duct behind the testis], causing testicular pain and tenderness, or prostate infection causing painful urination, painful ejaculation, and pelvic pain," Woollens said. (health.mil)
  • Multiple sequelae can result from C. trachomatis infection among women, the most serious of which include PID, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility. (cdc.gov)
  • In both men and women, chlamydia can also affect different organs that come in contact with infected genital secretions, for example the rectum or the throat if engaging in anal or oral sexual activity, or eye infections if exposed. (health.mil)
  • If unnoticed or untreated in women, these infections can result in infertility and an increased risk of a mislocated (ectopic) pregnancy. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The prevalence of endocervical CT infection in women with SLE is low and similar to that of the normal population. (healthcaremagic.com)
  • 4 Chlamydia infections are also associated with subfertility in Samoan women. (who.int)
  • General practice update: chlamydia infection in women. (bjgp.org)
  • Men and women may get infected with Chlamydia in their anus/rectum. (dtapclinic.com.my)
  • Women who are untreated can cause the infection to spread to the uterus and fallopian tubes (tubes that carry fertilised eggs from the ovaries to uterus). (dtapclinic.com.my)
  • In women, Chlamydia could infect the cervix. (singaporestd.com)
  • Chlamydia can be found in the throats of women in addition to adult males owning oral sex together with a strong infected significant other. (global-medicalsearch.com)
  • 2) Which of the following is a common specimen used for the diagnosis of sexually transmitted chlamydial infections that occur in both men and women? (medicalbiochemist.com)
  • Chlamydia is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) that affects both men and women. (naomedical.com)
  • Considering the sequelae of this infection and the fact that this is a quiet disease, it seems rational to screen sexually active women and inform them more about this issue. (ijfs.ir)
  • Multiple chlamydia infection among young women: comparing the role of individual- and neighbourhood-level measures of socioeconomic status. (yale.edu)
  • Young women have the highest burden of chlamydia infections, and socioeconomic disparities exist. (yale.edu)
  • The CDC recommends yearly chlamydia screenings for all sexually active women under 25, as well as older women who are at increased risk, such as those with new or multiple partners or a sex partner who has an STI. (healthywomen.org)
  • Infection is more common in women than in men. (healthywomen.org)
  • In vitro studies indicate IFNγ is central to Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) eradication, but its function may be compromised by anaerobes typically associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV), a frequent co-morbidity in women with Ct. (figshare.com)
  • Chlamydia infection-positive women will take a dose of 1g Azithromycin for the treatment. (who.int)
  • OBJECTIVE--To study the clinical characteristics of respiratory tract illness caused by Chlamydia pneumoniae. (nih.gov)
  • The concern of the study is whether a Chlamydia infection at inclusion indicates an increased risk for Chlamydia at follow-up after 6-8 months, gender-specific risk factors for and clinical presentation of repeat infections. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The collected data will provide gender-specific information on the occurrence of and risk for repeat Chlamydia infection, the occurrence of nvCT, and clinical data and information on sexual behaviour and reproductive health, risk-taking and condom use. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Clinical signs consistent with trachomatous inflammation-follicular were identified in 5-9-year-old children 23 times (7%), including in eleven with non-chlamydial infections and one with a C. trachomatis infection. (nintione.com.au)
  • Repeated infections in early childhood lead to scarring of the inner side of the upper eyelids resulting in inwards turning of the eyelid margin with the lashes touching the globe, a painful condition known as Trachomatous Trichiasis (TT), which if left untreated results in visual impairment and blindness. (who.int)
  • Both males and females may have this infection. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Using PCR, more infections were identified both in males (14.2%) and in females (15.8%), and the difference in infection rates analyzed by sex was no longer significant. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Using PCR, the frequency of chlamydia transmission by infected males and females was nearly identical. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • The infection can cause a fever and pain in the tubes attached to the testicles. (healthcaremagic.com)
  • In men, chlamydia may cause pain or swelling in the testicles. (naomedical.com)
  • 3) What type of methods are important laboratory approaches for the diagnosis of genital Chlamydia spp infections? (medicalbiochemist.com)
  • Data collection included an anonymous self-administered paper-and-pen questionnaire on sexual behaviour, reproductive health and history of Chlamydia, and condom use. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Reproductive Tract Infections (RTIs) are infections that affect the Reproductive Tract. (wikipedia.org)
  • NAATs are the most sensitive tests for these specimens and are the recommended test for detecting C. trachomatis infection ( 553 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Chlamydia tests were performed by self-sampled specimens, analyzed by the ProbeTec (Becton Dickinson) method, Ct-positive specimens also analyzed with a nvCT-specific method. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 10) Name the organism given below which is frequently associated with urethritis apart from Chlamydia trachomatis ? (medicalbiochemist.com)
  • Infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae , a common human respiratory pathogen, has recently been associated with cardiovascular syndromes, such as AAA, myocardial infarction and stroke. (viamedica.pl)
  • Patients positive for Chlamydia were retested 4 weeks after treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Since Chlamydia trachomatis is one of the most common causes of PID and it is known to initiate HSP-60 induced CD8+ T-cell mediated cytotoxicity by molecular mimicry in Reiter's disease, we decided to look for evidence of C. trachomatis infection in patients of SLE. (healthcaremagic.com)
  • 21/37 (56.8%) CHD, 5/12 (41.7%) CAD and 10/25 (40.0%) AAA patients with serological signs of chronic infection had high titres of specific IgG and IgA, indicating active infection. (viamedica.pl)
  • All CAD and AAA patients with active infection were symptomatic. (viamedica.pl)
  • All Chlamydia trachomatis positive patients were divided into 3 therapeutic protocols and success of treatment was compared. (amedi.sk)
  • Psychologically speaking, the occurrence and recurrence of Chlamydia infection will cause the patients' overburden, and psychological disorders such as fear of carcinogenesis, fear of infection to sexual partners, avoidance of sex with sexual partners, unwillingness to communicate with the opposite sex, resulting in sexual dysfunction, affecting harmony in the family, and even leading to depression. (drleetcmclinic.com)
  • Although it can achieve a quick effect, temporarily control the condition, due to drug resistance and side effects, it is also easy to lead to recurrent chlamydia in patients. (drleetcmclinic.com)
  • The infection can also be transmitted from an infected mother to her baby during childbirth. (naomedical.com)
  • Chlamydia infection in men does not cause infertility. (dtapclinic.com.my)
  • Among sexually transmitted diseases, Chlamydia trachomatis infection is considered to play a prominent role in female infertility. (amedi.sk)
  • In men, untreated chlamydia can cause epididymitis, which can result in infertility if not treated promptly. (naomedical.com)
  • Because chlamydial infections are common among adolescents and young adults throughout the United States, health-care providers and other agencies serving these groups should become more involved if a sufficiently large proportion of the chlamydia-infected population is to be reached. (cdc.gov)
  • Chlamydia is by far the most common STI in the military. (health.mil)
  • Infection with genital Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) is the most common notifiable sexually transmitted infection (STI) in Sweden. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Genital infection with Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common notifiable sexually transmissible infection in Sweden, and included in the Act of Communicable Diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Hepatitis B infections were more common in males and those aged 30 and above in both 2012 and 2017. (who.int)
  • The focus of this study was to dissect the role of regulatory T and B cells in regulating the pathogenesis of Chlamydia infection, a common cause of immunopathological disease sequelae. (dal.ca)
  • Chlamydia is a common sexually transmitted disease (STD) that is easily treatable. (dtapclinic.com.my)
  • This is the most common reportable sexually transmitted infection in the United States. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • One of the most common bacterial STD or sexually transmitted diseases reported is Chlamydia. (singaporestd.com)
  • Chlamydia (the most common cause of NGU) by itself causes an estimated 3 million sexually transmitted infections a year. (jeffreysterlingmd.com)
  • It is the most likely reason you're coming into the emergency department when someone's been behaving badly, and it was the most common sexually transmitted infection for a long time (prior to the advent of human papillomavirus - HPV). (jeffreysterlingmd.com)
  • C. pecorum cervical infection and low plasma luteinizing hormone levels associated highly significantly with reduction of fertility by up to 28% (P=0.007), suggesting that C. pecorum-induced inflammatory endometrial damage and dysregulation of the neuroendocrine axis of reproduction suppress fertility. (auburn.edu)