Triamcinolone
Triamcinolone Acetonide
Meibomian Glands
Cellulitis
Encyclopedias as Topic
Eyelid Diseases
Hordeolum
A prospective study of cost, patient satisfaction, and outcome of treatment of chalazion by medical and nursing staff. (1/11)
AIM: To study prospectively the outcome of conservative and surgical treatment of chalazia provided by medical and nursing staff. METHODS: During a 5 month recruitment period all patients attending a district general eye hospital for treatment of chalazion were included in the study. 129 patients (217 visits) with chalazia were seen by either a senior nurse or a trainee ophthalmologist (senior house officer, SHO) or both. Patients received either conservative treatment or eversion of the eyelid with incision and curettage. Patients were mailed a questionnaire asking them if their cyst had resolved and how they rated their treatment. Marginal cost analysis was used to determine the cost of treatment. RESULTS: The outcome of treatment could be determined in 170 of the 217 visits. Conservative treatment was successful for 29% of cysts while surgical treatment was successful for 72%. There was no significant difference in treatment outcome between nurse and SHO groups. Patients found nurse treatment acceptable with a high level of patient satisfaction. The marginal cost of treatment by a nurse was 9.91 pounds sterling per cyst compared with 12.10 pounds sterling for SHOs. There were no surgical complications and no evidence of malignancy in six biopsies. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical treatment of chalazion is safe and effective and successfully treats approximately three quarters of selected cysts. With conservative treatment approximately one third of selected chalazia will resolve within 3 months. Nurse treatment of chalazion is safe, effective, and acceptable to patients. (+info)Subcutaneous steroid injection as treatment for chalazion: prospective case series. (2/11)
OBJECTIVE: To study the efficacy of subcutaneous steroid injection in the treatment of chalazion. DESIGN: Prospective consecutive case series. SETTING: University teaching hospital, Hong Kong. PATIENTS: Patients with chalazion presenting to the out-patient clinic of the Department of Ophthalmology at the Prince of Wales Hospital from January to June 1998. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Size of the chalazion after steroid injection treatment. RESULTS: Forty-eight consecutive patients with chalazion were treated with injection of triamcinolone into the subcutaneous tissue around the lesion. In 43 (89.6%) patients, the lesion subsided completely. Twenty-six (54.2%) patients had lesions that subsided with one injection. The size and duration of the chalazion at presentation did not significantly affect the outcome of the treatment. Two patients developed depigmentation of the skin at the site of injection. No other major complications were encountered. CONCLUSION: Subcutaneous injection of the steroid triamcinolone acetonide appears to be a simple and effective treatment for chalazion. Further comparative clinical trials are indicated. (+info)Efficacy of lignocaine 2% gel in chalazion surgery. (3/11)
BACKGROUND/AIMS: To determine whether topical 2% lignocaine (lidocaine) gel is an effective anaesthetic agent for chalazion surgery. METHODS: In a randomised controlled clinical trial, 57 subjects aged 12 years or over requiring incision and curettage for chalazion were recruited over an 8 month period. Patients were randomised into two groups. One group received 1.5 ml of lignocaine 2% injection and the other 1.5 ml of lignocaine 2% gel topically. Standard incision and curettage was then performed. The primary outcome of interest was the total pain experienced during the entire procedure including anaesthetic administration as well as incision and curettage. The pain from the local anaesthetic administration and during incision and curettage was assessed independently using a visual analogue scale (0-100). The sum of these two scores would be the total pain score out of 200. "Fear of injection" score (0-100) was also assessed. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference in the mean total pain scores between the injection and the gel groups (95.6 v 57.0) (p <0.001) (alpha = 0.05) (1 - beta = 0.9394). There was a statistically significant difference in the mean scores on "pain of anaesthetic administration" (47.0 v 5.5) (p <0.000). There was no statistically significant differences in the mean scores on "fear of injection" (43.9 v 47.7) (p = 0.668) and "pain during incision and curettage" (48.28 v 51.4) (p=0.679). CONCLUSIONS: Lignocaine 2% gel is effective in chalazion surgery especially in lowering the pain caused by anaesthetic administration. (+info)Subconjunctival total excision in the treatment of chronic chalazia. (4/11)
A technique of subconjunctival total excision was used to treat 34 chronic chalazia. Another 34 were treated by incision and curettage and a further 32 by intralesional injection of long acting steroid. Subconjunctival total excision showed a higher success rate (94.12%) compared to the incision and curettage group (76.47%) and the injection group (75%). As the difference was statistically significant and due to other advantages we recommend subconjunctival total excision as a primary approach in the treatment of chronic chalazia. (+info)Subcutaneous extralesional triamcinolone acetonide injection versus conservative management in the treatment of chalazion. (5/11)
OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of subcutaneous extralesional triamcinolone acetonide injection versus conservative treatment for chalazion. DESIGN: Randomised controlled trial. SETTING: Eye clinics of two regional hospitals in Hong Kong. PATIENTS: Patients over 18 years old presenting with primary chalazion were randomised into two groups. In group 1, 12 patients were treated with lid hygiene, warm compresses, and chloramphenicol 1% ointment 4 times a day. In group 2, 16 patients were treated with 0.3 mL triamcinolone acetonide (10 mg/mL) injection to the subcutaneous tissue extralesionally via the percutaneous route. Exclusion criteria were: acutely infected chalazion with preseptal cellulitis, recurrent chalazion, small chalazion (< or =2 mm), and prior treatment to chalazion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Size of chalazion, recurrence of chalazion, intra-ocular pressure, and complications from treatment, including skin pigmentary change or atrophy and pyogenic granuloma. RESULTS: There was a clinically and statistically significant difference between the success rates in group 1 (58.3%) and group 2 (93.8%). In group 1, the mean prior duration of chalazion before treatment was significantly shorter in success cases than in failed cases. One patient with multiple chalazia in group 2 developed hypopigmentary skin changes at one treatment site. CONCLUSION: Subcutaneous extralesional triamcinolone acetonide injection was more effective than conservative treatment for chalazion. (+info)A solitary fibrofolliculoma in the eyelid. (6/11)
PURPOSE: To report the first case of a solitary eyelid fibrofolliculoma and to review the literature. METHODS: A 37-year-old female patient visited the outpatient department with a lesion in the right upper lid that had been growing steadily for a year. The patient had visited the local clinic, and under the diagnosis of chalazion had received incision and curettage twice, but the lesion had recurred. RESULTS: The 5x5 mm lesion was located near the upper lid margin. It was a red, hemispheric, smooth nodule, relatively solid to palpation and not painful. Excision and biopsy were performed, and through a histological exam, the diagnosis of fibrofolliculoma was later confirmed. CONCLUSIONS: Solitary fibrofolliculoma is rare, and to the authors' knowledge, a lesion arising in the eyelid has not yet been reported. Fibrofolliculoma should be included in the differential diagnosis when a localized mass lesion arising in the eyelid is encountered. (+info)Management of chalazia in general practice. (7/11)
BACKGROUND: Chalazia, or meibomian cysts, are often seen in general practice. While most can be resolved with a minor operation in a designated procedure room, there is a lack of published literature on the details of the incision and curettage used to treat this condition. OBJECTIVE: This article outlines the management and treatment of chalazia in the general practice setting. DISCUSSION: Chalazia are a common cause of morbidity in people of all ages. Treatment, which is based on clinical diagnosis, can involve conservative management, intralesional steroid injection, or incision and curettage. (+info)Eyelid tumors: histopathological and clinical study performed in County Hospital of Oradea between 2000-2007. (8/11)
The work assessment is to analyze eyelid tumors diagnosed in the last years in our hospital. We found 471 tumoral and pseudotumoral cases, in which malignant tumors predominated, with 255 cases. The most affected age range was the sixth decade and the majority of tumors were located to lower eyelid. The histopathological study allowed us to establish the lesions type and subtype. The Meibomian gland cysts, squamous papillomas and basal cell carcinomas were the most frequent related with this three of category lesions represented by pseudotumors, benign tumors and malignant tumors. Early diagnosis of these lesions can determine a favorable prognosis, especially in cases of malignant tumors. (+info)A Chalazion is a slowly developing, painless nodule in the eyelid caused by inflammation of a meibomian gland, characterized by chronic granulomatous changes.
A chalazion is a slowly developing, painless lump or nodule on the eyelid caused by inflammation of a blocked meibomian gland. It's essentially a chronic granulomatous reaction to trapped lipids and cellular debris from a blocked oil gland in the eyelid.
It can be small and hardly noticeable or large enough to cause significant swelling of the eyelid. While they are usually not harmful, if they become too large, they may affect vision by pressing on the eye. Treatment options include warm compresses, antibiotics (if there's an overlying infection), or surgical drainage in severe cases.
Triamcinolone is a synthetic glucocorticoid hormone used in the treatment of various inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, as well as for its anti-pruritic properties, available in various forms such as topical creams, oral tablets, nasal sprays, and injectable solutions.
Triamcinolone is a glucocorticoid medication, which is a class of corticosteroids. It is used to treat various inflammatory and autoimmune conditions due to its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. Triamcinolone is available in several forms, including topical creams, ointments, and lotions for skin application; oral tablets and injectable solutions for systemic use; and inhaled preparations for the treatment of asthma and other respiratory conditions.
Triamcinolone works by binding to specific receptors in cells, which leads to a decrease in the production of inflammatory chemicals such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes. This results in reduced swelling, redness, itching, and pain associated with inflammation.
Some common uses of triamcinolone include treating skin conditions like eczema, psoriasis, and dermatitis; managing allergic reactions; reducing inflammation in respiratory diseases like asthma and COPD; and alleviating symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune disorders.
As with any medication, triamcinolone can have side effects, especially when used in high doses or for extended periods. Common side effects include increased appetite, weight gain, mood changes, insomnia, acne, thinning of the skin, and easy bruising. Long-term use may also lead to more serious complications such as osteoporosis, adrenal suppression, and increased susceptibility to infections. It is essential to follow your healthcare provider's instructions carefully when using triamcinolone or any other prescription medication.
Eyelid neoplasms are abnormal growths or tumors that occur on the eyelid, which can be benign or malignant, and originate from various cell types including mesenchymal, epithelial, or neuroectodermal tissues.
Eyelid neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors that develop in the tissues of the eyelids. These growths can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Common types of benign eyelid neoplasms include papillomas, hemangiomas, and nevi. Malignant eyelid neoplasms are typically classified as basal cell carcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, or melanomas. These malignant tumors can be aggressive and may spread to other parts of the body if left untreated. Treatment options for eyelid neoplasms depend on the type, size, and location of the growth, as well as the patient's overall health. Surgical excision is often the preferred treatment approach, although radiation therapy and chemotherapy may also be used in some cases. Regular follow-up care is important to monitor for recurrence or new growths.
Triamcinolone Acetonide is a synthetic glucocorticoid hormone used in the form of topical, oral, or injectable preparations to reduce inflammation and suppress immune responses in various medical conditions such as allergies, skin disorders, and arthritis.
Triamcinolone Acetonide is a synthetic glucocorticoid, which is a class of corticosteroids. It is used in the form of topical creams, ointments, and sprays to reduce skin inflammation, itching, and allergies. It can also be administered through injection for the treatment of various conditions such as arthritis, bursitis, and tendonitis. Triamcinolone Acetonide works by suppressing the immune system's response, reducing inflammation, and blocking the production of substances that cause allergies.
It is important to note that prolonged use or overuse of triamcinolone acetonide can lead to side effects such as thinning of the skin, easy bruising, and increased susceptibility to infections. Therefore, it should be used under the guidance of a healthcare professional.
Meibomian glands are sebaceous glands located in the tarsal plates of the eyelids that secrete lipids onto the ocular surface forming part of the tear film, preventing its evaporation and maintaining ocular comfort.
Meibomian glands are sebaceous glands located in the eyelids, specifically at the rim of the eyelid near the lashes. They produce an oily substance called meibum that forms the outermost layer of the tear film, helping to prevent evaporation and keep the eye surface lubricated. The Meibomian glands play a crucial role in maintaining the health and comfort of the eyes by providing stability to the tear film and protecting the eye from irritants and dryness.
Cellulitis is a bacterial infection of the deep dermal and subcutaneous tissues, commonly caused by Streptococcus pyogenes or Staphylococcus aureus, characterized by erythema, warmth, pain, and often systemic symptoms.
Cellulitis is a medical condition characterized by an infection and inflammation of the deeper layers of the skin (dermis and subcutaneous tissue) and surrounding soft tissues. It's typically caused by bacteria, most commonly group A Streptococcus and Staphylococcus aureus.
The affected area often becomes red, swollen, warm, and painful, and may be accompanied by systemic symptoms such as fever, chills, and fatigue. Cellulitis can spread rapidly and potentially become life-threatening if left untreated, so it's important to seek medical attention promptly if you suspect you have this condition. Treatment typically involves antibiotics, rest, elevation of the affected limb (if applicable), and pain management.
"Encyclopedias, as a medical topic, refer to comprehensive and organized collections of information on various medical disciplines, theories, practices, diseases, treatments, and related health sciences, serving as extensive reference sources for medical professionals, students, researchers, and general public." (29 words)
An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.
Eyelid diseases refer to various medical conditions that affect the function, structure, or appearance of the eyelids, including inflammatory, infectious, neoplastic, congenital, and traumatic disorders, which can impact vision, comfort, and overall ocular health.
Eyelid diseases refer to a variety of medical conditions that affect the function and/or appearance of the eyelids. These can include structural abnormalities, such as entropion (inward turning of the eyelid) or ectropion (outward turning of the eyelid), as well as functional issues like ptosis (drooping of the upper eyelid). Other common eyelid diseases include blepharitis (inflammation of the eyelid margin), chalazion (a blocked oil gland in the eyelid), and cancerous or benign growths on the eyelid. Symptoms of eyelid diseases can vary widely, but often include redness, swelling, pain, itching, tearing, and sensitivity to light. Treatment for these conditions depends on the specific diagnosis and may range from self-care measures and medications to surgical intervention.
A hordeolum, also known as a stye, is a localized infection of the oil glands of the eyelid, typically characterized by a small, painful, red lump on the eyelid margin. (27 characters left)
A hordeolum, also known as a stye, is a common infection of the eyelash follicle or oil gland in the eyelid. It results in a red, swollen bump on the edge of the eyelid that can be painful or uncomfortable. Hordeola can be caused by bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and typically resolve on their own within a few days to a week with warm compresses and good hygiene practices. In some cases, antibiotics may be necessary if the infection spreads or does not improve.
Styrene is a colorless, volatile liquid hydrocarbon used in the manufacture of polystyrene plastics and resins, and it is also naturally found in small amounts in various foods, coal tar, and petroleum deposits, with potential health effects including neurological, respiratory, and reproductive issues when exposed to high levels.
Styrene is an organic compound that is primarily used in the production of polystyrene plastics and resins. In a medical context, styrene is not a term that is typically used to describe a specific disease or condition. However, exposure to high levels of styrene has been linked to potential health effects, including neurological damage, irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat, and possible increased risk of cancer.
Styrene is classified as a possible human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) based on evidence from animal studies. However, more research is needed to fully understand the potential health risks associated with exposure to styrene in humans.
If you have further questions about styrene or its potential health effects, I would recommend consulting with a healthcare professional or toxicologist who can provide more detailed and personalized advice based on your specific situation and concerns.
Chalazion - Wikipedia
Although chalazia are rarely dangerous, it is common to send the chalazion or part of it to a laboratory to screen for cancer. ... The chalazion can be removed in two ways, depending on the size of cyst. Relatively small chalazia are removed through a small ... Larger chalazia are removed through an incision in front of the eyelid. Larger chalazia usually push on the skin of the eyelid ... A chalazion (/kəˈleɪziən/; plural chalazia or chalazions) or meibomian cyst is a cyst in the eyelid usually due to a blocked ...
Chalazion: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
A chalazion is a small bump in the eyelid caused by a blockage of a tiny oil gland. ... A chalazion is a small bump in the eyelid caused by a blockage of a tiny oil gland. ... DO NOT push or squeeze the chalazion. If the chalazion continues to get bigger, it may need to be removed with surgery. This is ... What are chalazia and styes? www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-are-chalazia-styes. Updated September 9, 2022. Accessed ...
Chalazion: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology
Often, such swelling is identified as either a chalazion, appearing as a characteristically hard and painless lid nodule, or a ... Chalazia (plural of chalazion), the most common inflammatory lesions of the eyelid, are slowly enlarging eyelid nodules, formed ... The acute inflammation of a hordeolum may eventually lead to a chronic painless chalazion, while a chalazion can also become ... encoded search term (Chalazion) and Chalazion What to Read Next on Medscape ...
STUBBORN CHALAZION - ABC Homeopathy Forum
... Archive. Access over half a million forum posts, organised by topic ... Stubborn chalazion in 12 yr old 11. My daughter is 12 and has had a very stubborn, large chalazion on her lower left eyelid. It ... Stubborn Chalazion in 11 year-old girl 31. I need help for my daughter - she is 11 & is having a recurrence of a chalazion. ... 2 year old boy with stubborn chalazion for over 5 months 5. My two year old son has had a chalazion for over 5 months now. It ...
Incision and drainage of chalazion lower eyelid
ICD-10 Code for Hordeolum and chalazion- H00- Codify by AAPC
Folder-Chalazion
Diagnose This: 8-year-old with recurrent chalazia - American Academy of Ophthalmology
Chalazion | RxMed: Diseases and Preparations' Description
Does hot fomentation on the eye help remove chalazion?
He told us that he has a chalazion and that we should do hot fomentation on his eyes four times a day, also gave an eye drop ... Then we went to his regular paediatrician, who said that we should not do hot fomentation, as that would make the chalazion ... A:Chalazion is a cyst in the eye lids due to chronic inflammation of one of the glands and pus becomes thick and it normally ... He told us that he has a chalazion and that we should do hot fomentation on his eyes four times a day, also gave an eye drop ...
THE TREATMENT AND COMPLICATIONS OF CHALAZIA | British Journal of Ophthalmology
Which type of doctor preforms chalazion removals? | HealthTap Online Doctor
I have a chalazion on my bottom eye lid, its not very big yet and not very noticeable. I wanted to know what a doctor will do? ... My chalazion looks like its gonna pop before my appointment with doctor next week. What should I do if its popped on its own ... Ive had a chalazion for about 8months ive seen different doctors and they all tell me to put warm compressors but it gets worse ... I have had a chalazion for 6 weeks. I tried applying hot compresses but not disappearing. My doctor wont help unless it gets ...
Styes and Chalazia | CS Mott Children's Hospital | Michigan Medicine
Styes and chalazia are lumps in or along the edge of an eyelid. They may be painful or annoying, but they are rarely serious. ... Top of the pageStyes and ChalaziaCondition BasicsWhat are styes and chalazia? ... Styes and Chalazia. Condition Basics. What are styes and chalazia?. Styes and chalazia are lumps in or along the edge of an ... Unlike styes, chalazia often dont hurt. *Chalazia grow more slowly than styes. If a chalazion gets large enough, it may affect ...
Meyerhoeffer Chalazion Curette - Chalazion Instruments
Chalazion | Sydney Animal Hospitals
Influenza spreads around the world in a yearly outbreak, resulting in about three to five million cases of severe illness and about 250,000 to 500,000 deaths. In the Northern and Southern parts of the world outbreaks occur mainly in winter while in areas around the equator outbreaks may occur at any time of the year. Death occurs mostly in the young, the old and those with other health problems. Larger outbreaks known as pandemics are less frequent. In the 20th century three influenza pandemics occurred: Spanish influenza in 1918, Asian influenza in 1958, and Hong Kong influenza in 1968, each resulting in more than a million deaths. The World Health Organization declared an outbreak of a new type of influenza A/H1N1 to be a pandemic in June of 2009. Influenza may also affect other animals, including pigs, horses and birds.. ...
Is That a Stye or a Chalazion? What the Heck is a Chalazion?
Do I have a stye in my eye or is that a chalazion? Find out the differences, how best to treat either condition, and how long ... chalazion comes from the Greek word for a hailstone, and the plural of chalazion is chalazia. Stye can also be spelled as a sty ... What is a chalazion?. A chalazion is a painless bump on the eyelid, usually with no infection. It can be the aftermath of a ... Is That a Stye or a Chalazion? What the Heck is a Chalazion?. By Dr. Adeleh Yarmohammadi on 11/05/2019. (last updated on 09/19/ ...
Chalazion and Stye (Hordeolum) - Eye Disorders - MSD Manual Consumer Version
Chalazion and Stye (Hordeolum) - Learn about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis & treatment from the MSD Manuals - Medical ... Symptoms of Chalazion and Stye Chalazion At first, a chalazion may cause a swollen eyelid, mild pain, and irritation. However, ... Chalazion Most chalazia disappear without treatment within 2 to 8 weeks. If hot compresses are applied several times a day (for ... Because chalazia are not caused by an infection, antibiotics are usually not effective. Chalazia that do not resolve with ...
07-816-0661 | 3-7/8', 1/Pkg | Francis Chalazion Forceps
Chalazion - Ophthalmology LTD
If a chalazion persists, an in-office surgical procedure can be performed to remove it. The chalazion is drained from the ... Several conditions are associated with chalazia: seborrhea, chronic lid inflammation, dry eyes and acne. Once a chalazion has ... A few chalazia will disappear in a few weeks without any special therapy. To help them go away, frequent hot packs throughout ... Chalazia may vary in size from small, almost invisible lumps to rather large masses as big as a little fingernail. Sometimes ...
Chalazion - Elisa Med
Influenza spreads around the world in a yearly outbreak, resulting in about three to five million cases of severe illness and about 250,000 to 500,000 deaths. In the Northern and Southern parts of the world outbreaks occur mainly in winter while in areas around the equator outbreaks may occur at any time of the year. Death occurs mostly in the young, the old and those with other health problems. Larger outbreaks known as pandemics are less frequent. In the 20th century three influenza pandemics occurred: Spanish influenza in 1918, Asian influenza in 1958, and Hong Kong influenza in 1968, each resulting in more than a million deaths. The World Health Organization declared an outbreak of a new type of influenza A/H1N1 to be a pandemic in June of 2009. Influenza may also affect other animals, including pigs, horses and birds.. ...
Chalazion<...
Chalazion and Stye
How is chalazion treated? When chalazion is small and without symptoms, it can be removed without treatment. If it is large, it ... What is chalazion? Chalazion (meibomian gland cyst) is a chronic lipogranulomatous inflammatory damage caused by obstruction of ... What is the difference between chalazion and stye? Chalazion is sometimes confused with stye, which also appears as a nubbin on ... Advice to prevent reappearance of chalazion Thorough cleaning of the eyelids prevents reappearance of chalazia in people who ...
Chalazion: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology
Often, such swelling is identified as either a chalazion, appearing as a characteristically hard and painless lid nodule, or a ... Chalazia (plural of chalazion), which are the most common inflammatory lesions of the eyelid, are slowly enlarging eyelid ... The acute inflammation of a hordeolum may eventually lead to a chronic painless chalazion, while a chalazion can also become ... encoded search term (Chalazion) and Chalazion What to Read Next on Medscape ...
CHALAZION - Veterinary Ophthalmic Consulting
Chalazion - Haslemere Chiropractic Clinic
Influenza spreads around the world in a yearly outbreak, resulting in about three to five million cases of severe illness and about 250,000 to 500,000 deaths. In the Northern and Southern parts of the world outbreaks occur mainly in winter while in areas around the equator outbreaks may occur at any time of the year. Death occurs mostly in the young, the old and those with other health problems. Larger outbreaks known as pandemics are less frequent. In the 20th century three influenza pandemics occurred: Spanish influenza in 1918, Asian influenza in 1958, and Hong Kong influenza in 1968, each resulting in more than a million deaths. The World Health Organization declared an outbreak of a new type of influenza A/H1N1 to be a pandemic in June of 2009. Influenza may also affect other animals, including pigs, horses and birds.. ...
Chalazion Set - Modern Surgical
chalazion remover Archives - NOVEHA
Demodex mites are tiny microscopic parasites which live on our eyes and our skin.Sounds gross. But dont panic! We all have small numbers of them; theyre part of our bodies normal microbiome. These tiny beings feed on the oil glands, especially on our eyes.So whats the problem? When produced in large numbers, they reach a […]. ...
StyeBlepharitisForcepsLumpHordeolumEyelidsRecurrent chalaziaInfectionCuretteLarge chalazion can causeSymptomsCorticosteroid injectionSurgicalPluralSteroidStyesCases where the chalazionUpper or lower eyelidDevelop a chalazion2022BlockageGlandsBlurry visionRisk for developingEyelid causedRemove the chalazionDiagnosis of ChalazionExcisionSwollenInjectionPersistent chalazionIncisionBump in the eyelidDrainCorneaOccurChalazionsHordeolaGranulomaResolveWarm compressesSebaceous carcinomaHeavinessDisappearBiopsyAntibioticsObstructionOphthalmologistCommon inflammatorySurgeryTreatmentPainful
Stye17
- A chalazion may occur following a stye or from hardened oils blocking the gland. (wikipedia.org)
- citation needed] A chalazion or meibomian cyst can sometimes be mistaken for a stye. (wikipedia.org)
- A chalazion often develops following an internal hordeolum (also called a stye). (medlineplus.gov)
- Often, such swelling is identified as either a chalazion, appearing as a characteristically firm and painless lid nodule, or a hordeolum (stye), which is usually painful and tender, although several other benign and malignant processes can be mistaken for these two. (medscape.com)
- A chalazion is not a stye, which is an infection at the base of an eyelash. (eyeandear.org.au)
- In some cases having a stye can also result in a chalazion. (insighteyeok.com)
- Who is at risk for stye and chalazion? (beos.ca)
- Anyone can get a stye or chalazion. (beos.ca)
- How is a stye and chalazion treated? (beos.ca)
- If your stye or chalazion affects vision or does not go away, you may need to have it drained. (beos.ca)
- Do not wear eye makeup or contact lenses while you have a stye or chalazion. (beos.ca)
- They may become acutely inflamed, but unlike a stye, chalazia usually sit inside the lid rather than on the lid margin. (midwestsinus.com)
- It is often mistaken for a stye, but unlike a stye, a chalazion is not caused by an infection. (healthmagazineonline.com)
- 3 In contrast to a hordeolum (commonly referred to by patients as a stye), which is painful and represents an infected gland, a chalazion is not the result of an infection. (reviewofoptometry.com)
- If your upper or lower eyelid is swollen, it could be from a chalazion or a stye . (healthline.com)
- Avoid using makeup while you have a chalazion or stye. (healthline.com)
- A chalazion is not exactly the same thing as a stye, although the terms are often used interchangeably. (aapos.org)
Blepharitis10
- A viral infection, tuberculosis, and chronic blepharitis (inflammation of the eyelids and lashes) also increase the risk for developing a chalazion. (insighteyeok.com)
- Many people that develop chalazia are prone to have recurrences, particularly those with blepharitis. (eyesmwhc.com)
- Based upon appearance and history, she developed a chalazion secondary to chronic blepharitis. (reviewofoptometry.com)
- However, chronic inflammation of the eyelid near the oil gland openings ( blepharitis ), predisposes to the development of a chalazion. (aapos.org)
- Persistent blepharitis may result in recurrent chalazia. (aapos.org)
- Certain skin types, such as rosacea may be more prone to chalazia and blepharitis. (aapos.org)
- Both blepharitis and rosacea are known to have a higher incidence of chalazion (and styes). (whiteplainseyecare.com)
- Mahirap tukuyin ang sanhi ng isang chalazion ngunit kasama sa mga kadahilanan sa peligro ang rosacea at blepharitis. (theyenews.com)
- Ang rosacea ay nailalarawan sa pamumula ng mukha at pamamaga ng mga bumps sa ilalim ng balat at ginagawang mas madaling kapitan ng sakit tulad ng blepharitis at chalazion. (theyenews.com)
- Eyelid disorders include diagnosis codes indicating hordeolum and chalazion or other inflammation of the eyelid, including blepharitis, noninfectious dermatosis, or other inflammation of the eyelid. (cdc.gov)
Forceps2
- The chalazion forceps simplify, homogenize, and ease biopsy of minor salivary glands as well as other areas of the oral mucosa. (julldent.com)
- In this sense, chalazion forceps simplify, homogenize, and ease biopsy of minor salivary glands. (julldent.com)
Lump10
- A chalazion is an inflammatory lump or cyst on the eyelid caused by the blockage of an oil gland in the eyelid. (eyeandear.org.au)
- A chalazion is the medical term for a slowly developing lump on the eyelid that occurs due to an oil gland blockage. (insighteyeok.com)
- After several days, the chalazion will form on the eyelid, appearing as a slow growing lump. (insighteyeok.com)
- Should a blockage within these glands occur, oil will build up inside the gland and eventually thicken, forming a lump known as a chalazion. (insighteyeok.com)
- A chalazion is a lump in the eyelid that is caused by blockage of the Meibomian Glands. (eyesmwhc.com)
- A chalazion is a small, painless lump that forms on the eyelid due to a blockage in one of the oil glands. (healthmagazineonline.com)
- When the oil in the gland becomes too thick to flow out of the duct that drains the gland, it becomes blocked, creating a lump called a chalazion. (oppdoctors.com)
- Chalazion is a small, non-infectious lump that develops in the upper or lower eyelid due to the blockage of the meibomian gland, an oil gland in the eyelid. (fyodorovclinic.com)
- In those cases where the chalazion persists and cause a hideous lump, doctors often suggest surgery. (homeodoctor.co.in)
- A chalazion is a hard, painless lump on the eyelid caused by a blocked oil gland. (nih.gov)
Hordeolum3
- Whereas a chalazion is characterized by a mass of granulation tissue and chronic inflammation (with lymphocytes and lipid-laden macrophages), an internal or external hordeolum is primarily an acute pyogenic inflammation with polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and necrosis with pustule formation. (medscape.com)
- The acute inflammation of a hordeolum may eventually lead to a chronic painless chalazion, while a chalazion can also become acutely infected. (medscape.com)
- As noted (see Pathophysiology), a chalazion may arise spontaneously subsequently to the development of an internal or external hordeolum. (medscape.com)
Eyelids4
- Aoki M, Kawana S. Bilateral chalazia of the lower eyelids associated with pulmonary tuberculosis. (medscape.com)
- Chalazia (plural of chalazion), the most common inflammatory lesions of the eyelid, are slowly enlarging eyelid nodules, formed by inflammation and obstruction of sebaceous glands of the eyelids. (medscape.com)
- Chalazion is a chronic sterile inflammation of the eyelid resulting from a lipogranuloma of the meibomian glands that line the posterior margins of the eyelids (see Fig. 29-7). (nursingassignmentacers.com)
- To those who are at greater risk to developing chalazia, doctor can recommend preventative regimens, including cleaning the eyelids, applying medicine on the eyelid and even using oral medication for underlying conditions. (homeodoctor.co.in)
Recurrent chalazia2
- Intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injection for primary and recurrent chalazia: is it really effective? (medscape.com)
- Multiple or recurrent chalazia may be an indication of another condition such as acne rosacea. (oppdoctors.com)
Infection5
- Topical antibiotic eye drops or ointment (e.g., chloramphenicol or fusidic acid) are sometimes used for the initial acute infection, but are otherwise of little value in treating a chalazion. (wikipedia.org)
- Chalazia differ from hordeola in that they form as a result of gland obstruction and sterile inflammation rather than infection. (medscape.com)
- Because chalazia are not caused by an infection, antibiotics are usually not effective. (msdmanuals.com)
- A sty is an infection of the gland while the chalazion is an inflammation. (oppdoctors.com)
- Oral antibiotics may be indicated if the chalazion is associated with bacterial infection of the surrounding eyelid tissues ( cellulitis ). (aapos.org)
Curette1
- The eyelid is injected with a local anesthetic, a clamp is put on the eyelid, then the eyelid is turned over, an incision is made on the inside of the eyelid, and the chalazion is drained and scraped out with a curette. (wikipedia.org)
Large chalazion can cause3
- Painless swelling on the eyelid Eyelid tenderness typically none-to-mild Increased tearing Heaviness of the eyelid Redness of conjunctiva A large chalazion can cause astigmatism due to pressure on the cornea. (wikipedia.org)
- A large chalazion can cause blurry vision along with other discomforts. (optometryforums.com)
- A large chalazion can cause astigmatism due to pressure on the cornea. (watsi.org)
Symptoms3
- Symptoms of a chalazion include a swelling in the upper or lower lid,which may also become red. (healthiack.com)
- What Are the Symptoms of a Chalazion? (madisoneyesnj.com)
- These symptoms are due to the presence of a chalazion, a cyst in the eyelid caused by inflammation of a blocked gland. (watsi.org)
Corticosteroid injection2
- Hosal BM, Zilelioglu G. Ocular complication of intralesional corticosteroid injection of a chalazion. (medscape.com)
- Some surgeons may opt to treat the chalazion with a corticosteroid injection. (whiteplainseyecare.com)
Surgical8
- Chalazia usually resolve without surgical intervention over 6-8 weeks. (eyeandear.org.au)
- Persistent bothersome chalazia not resolving after 6-8 weeks may benefit from surgical drainage by an ophthalmologist. (eyeandear.org.au)
- Chalazion surgery, also known as chalazion excision or chalazion removal, is a surgical procedure performed to treat a chalazion. (healthmagazineonline.com)
- When a patient presents with a chalazion, consider conservative therapy, intralesional steroid injection or surgical incision. (reviewofoptometry.com)
- A large, swollen, or persistent chalazion might require surgical drainage. (aapos.org)
- While older children and adults may undergo the surgical drainage procedure in a doctor's office under local anesthesia, general anesthesia is usually recommended for a chalazion removal in young children. (fyodorovclinic.com)
- Under the conventional mode of treatment, surgical removal of the chalazion is generally recommended. (homeodoctor.co.in)
- The chalazion cases seen at CSC are developed enough to require surgical treatment. (watsi.org)
Plural3
- plural chalazia or chalazions) or meibomian cyst is a cyst in the eyelid usually due to a blocked meibomian gland, typically in the middle of the eyelid, red, and not painful. (wikipedia.org)
- plural chalazia /kəˈleɪziə/), also known as a meibomian gland lipogranuloma, is a cyst in the eyelid that is caused by inflammation of a blocked meibomian gland, usually on the upper eyelid. (midwestsinus.com)
- The plural of chalazion is chalazia. (aapos.org)
Steroid6
- Subcutaneous steroid injection as treatment for chalazion: prospective case series. (medscape.com)
- If not,hot packs used for 10 minutes four times a day may help reduce the chalazion.Antibiotic ointments or drops, with or without a steroid, may help it resolve. (healthiack.com)
- If your chalazion is very swollen, your ophthalmologist may give you a steroid shot (cortisone) to reduce the swelling. (beos.ca)
- Because the inflammatory cells comprising chalazia are sensitive to steroids, intralesional steroid injection has been long considered a management option. (reviewofoptometry.com)
- Before jumping right steroid powder source china into a full 50 mg Winstrol steroid dosage it s best to test with chalazion removal steroid injection small amounts so that you can be certain that your body will not have an immediate averse reaction to the steroid. (citruslock.com)
- Stanozolol is chalazion removal steroid injection a man-made steroid, similar to the a naturally occurring steroid testosterone. (citruslock.com)
Styes6
- Applying warm compresses daily, then scrubbing the lid at the eyelash line may help prevent chalazia and styes. (medlineplus.gov)
- What are chalazia and styes? (medlineplus.gov)
- A doctor bases the diagnosis of chalazia and styes on examination findings. (msdmanuals.com)
- Initially, chalazia can be difficult to diagnose as they are often confused with styes. (insighteyeok.com)
- Chalazia differ from styes (hordeola) in that they are subacute and usually painless nodules. (midwestsinus.com)
- Chalazion typically results from healed internal styes that are no longer infected or painful. (whiteplainseyecare.com)
Cases where the chalazion1
- In cases where the chalazion does not clear up on its own or with the treatment of warm compresses, a simple in-office surgery to excise it may be necessary. (whiteplainseyecare.com)
Upper or lower eyelid2
- A chalazion is a mass or cyst found in the upper or lower eyelid. (healthiack.com)
- A chalazion is a painless bump that can manifest on your upper or lower eyelid. (whiteplainseyecare.com)
Develop a chalazion2
- Chalazia are most common in adults between the ages of 30 to 50, although individuals of all ages, including children, can develop a chalazion. (insighteyeok.com)
- In case you develop a chalazion, there is possibility that your doctor may often apply a warm, moist compress on the outside of your closed eyelid to encourage drainage from the eye's blocked oil gland.Additionally, the doctor might prescribe an antibiotic drop or ointment to be used directly after the compresses. (homeodoctor.co.in)
20221
- 2022 Tous droits réservés - Toutes les illustrations appartiennent à leur auteur et ne peuvent en aucun cas être réutilisées en dehors du site sans l'accord préalable de l'auteur. (illustration-medicale.com)
Blockage4
- A chalazion is a small bump in the eyelid caused by a blockage of a tiny oil gland. (medlineplus.gov)
- Chalazia due to blockage of Zeis glands are usually located along the lid margin. (medscape.com)
- a chalazion, in contrast, is caused by a blockage in the actual oil gland. (insighteyeok.com)
- A chalazion is typically caused by blockage of the meibomian glands and chronic lipogranulomatous inflammation. (reviewofoptometry.com)
Glands4
- A chalazion is caused by a blocked duct in one of the meibomian glands. (medlineplus.gov)
- Chalazia can be categorized as either superficial or deep, depending on the glands that are blocked. (medscape.com)
- Chalazia look similar to sties, but sties are the result of the glands becoming infected. (eyesmwhc.com)
- Chalazion is a chronic non-infective inflammation of the glands of the eyelid. (homeodoctor.co.in)
Blurry vision2
- The problem is, I have had blurry vision since the first chalazion surgey and it is now nearly 5 months later and I only have 1.5 mm left of chalazion in my eye. (optometryforums.com)
- Additionally, a large chalazion may press on the cornea which can cause changes in your prescription and cause blurry vision. (whiteplainseyecare.com)
Risk for developing1
- Certain skin conditions, such as eczema and seborrheic dermatitis, also put you at risk for developing a chalazion. (oppdoctors.com)
Eyelid caused1
- Chalazia are enlargements of an oil gland (similar to a pimple) deep in the eyelid caused by an obstruction of the gland's opening. (msdmanuals.com)
Remove the chalazion2
- Once numb, the surgeon will make a small incision underneath the eyelid (which will leave no visible scarring) to remove the chalazion contents. (whiteplainseyecare.com)
- Surgeons perform a chalazion incision and drainage to remove the chalazion. (watsi.org)
Diagnosis of Chalazion1
- A healthcare provider can make the diagnosis of chalazion by looking atthe eyelid and feeling the mass. (healthiack.com)
Excision5
- If the chalazion is located directly under the eyelid's outer tissue, however, an excision from above may be more advisable so as not to inflict any unnecessary damage on the lid itself. (wikipedia.org)
- Depending on the chalazion's texture, the excision procedure varies: while fluid matter can easily be removed under minimal invasion, by merely puncturing the chalazion and exerting pressure upon the surrounding tissue, hardened matter usually necessitates a larger incision, through which it can be scraped out. (wikipedia.org)
- The excision of larger chalazia may result in visible hematoma around the lid, which will wear off within three or four days, whereas the swelling may persist for longer. (wikipedia.org)
- Chalazion excision is an ambulant treatment and normally does not take longer than fifteen minutes. (wikipedia.org)
- On January 10th, surgeons will remove the cyst through a chalazion excision procedure. (watsi.org)
Swollen1
- A chalazion is a swollen bump on the eyelid. (beos.ca)
Injection3
- Ben Simon GJ, Rosen N, Rosner M, Spierer A. Intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injection versus incision and curettage for primary chalazia: a prospective, randomized study. (medscape.com)
- This April, I had the chalazion injected with a Kenalog injection and it got quite a bit smaller. (optometryforums.com)
- Ang isang kahalili sa pamamaraang ito ay nagsasangkot ng pag-injection ng corticosteroid sa chalazion upang matanggal ito. (theyenews.com)
Persistent chalazion1
- A persistent chalazion, if bothersome, can be surgically drained under local anaesthesia. (eyeandear.org.au)
Incision4
- Goawalla A, Lee V. A prospective randomized treatment study comparing three treatment options for chalazia: triamcinolone acetonide injections, incision and curettage and treatment with hot compresses. (medscape.com)
- An incision may be made near the chalazion to allow it to drain. (denverhealth.org)
- Once the area is numb, the surgeon will make a small incision on the inside of the eyelid or on the outside of the eyelid, depending on the location of the chalazion. (healthmagazineonline.com)
- Once the chalazion has been removed, the surgeon will close the incision using small sutures or adhesive strips. (healthmagazineonline.com)
Bump in the eyelid2
- A chalazion typically causes a bump in the eyelid with localized swelling around the edge of the eyelid. (healthline.com)
- A chalazion is a localized bump in the eyelid of varying size. (aapos.org)
Drain5
- If chalazia remain after this time or if they cause vision changes, a doctor can drain them or inject a corticosteroid into them. (msdmanuals.com)
- Never attempt to squeeze or drain a chalazion by yourself. (insighteyeok.com)
- Using 10 minutes of sustained warmth over a chalazion helps unclog the oil gland to drain. (beos.ca)
- If the chalazion continues to linger, the doctor can perform an in-office procedure to drain it. (healthline.com)
- Although older children and adults can undergo the procedure in a doctor's office under local anesthesia, general anesthesia is usually necessary to drain chalazia in young children. (aapos.org)
Cornea2
- As laser eye surgery involves shaping the cornea by burning parts of it away, weakening its structure, post-operation people can be left predisposed to deformation of the cornea from small chalazia. (wikipedia.org)
- Large, chronic chalazion could press on the surface of the eye (cornea), causing astigmatism and decreased vision. (aapos.org)
Occur4
- Although chalazia occur in all age groups, they are more common in adults (especially those aged 30-50 years) than in children, presumably because androgenic hormones increase sebum viscosity. (medscape.com)
- They are more painful than a chalazion and typically occur closer to the eyelid's surface. (insighteyeok.com)
- In rare cases, complications can occur after chalazion surgery. (healthmagazineonline.com)
- More than one chalazion can occur in an eyelid at the same time. (aapos.org)
Chalazions1
- While most chalazions go away on their own, surgery may be necessary if the chalazion is large or causing discomfort. (healthmagazineonline.com)
Hordeola2
- Lederman C, Miller M. Hordeola and chalazia. (medscape.com)
- In general, chalazia tend to be larger, less painful and have a less acute presentation than hordeola. (medscape.com)
Granuloma3
- Sebaceous gland adenoma Sebaceous gland carcinoma Sarcoid granuloma Foreign body granuloma Chalazia will often disappear without further treatment within a few months, and virtually all will resorb within two years. (wikipedia.org)
- [ 3 ] An alternate name for chalazion is conjunctival granuloma. (medscape.com)
- Another condition called idiopathic facial aseptic granuloma (IFAG) may also mimic a chalazion, but may have a similar bump on the cheek or other part of the face, and resolves more quickly than a chalazion. (aapos.org)
Resolve5
- Chalazia that do not resolve with treatment should be biopsied to rule out eyelid cancer. (msdmanuals.com)
- In some cases, a chalazion will resolve itself over the course of several weeks without the need for medical intervention. (insighteyeok.com)
- Most chalazia resolve by themselves within several days to weeks, but sometimes they persist for months. (aapos.org)
- Chalazion usually resolve on their own, over the course of time. (fyodorovclinic.com)
- In some cases, though, Chalazion will not self-resolve and they can grow large enough to become a cosmetical issue. (whiteplainseyecare.com)
Warm compresses1
- Chalazion typically drains and resolves on its own, however, applying warm compresses several times per day for 10 minutes to your eyelid can facilitate a quicker resolution to this problem. (whiteplainseyecare.com)
Sebaceous carcinoma2
- A chalazion that reoccurs in the same area may rarely be a symptom of sebaceous carcinoma. (wikipedia.org)
- Recurrent chalazion, particularly in elderly patients, should prompt the practitioner to consider conditions that may masquerade as a chalazion (eg, sebaceous carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, microcystic adnexal carcinoma, tuberculosis). (medscape.com)
Heaviness2
- Thuja Occidentalis is one of the ideal homeopathic medicines that are generally very effective in treating chalazion attended with heaviness of the eyelid. (homeodoctor.co.in)
- A chalazion can cause swelling and heaviness on the eyelid, tenderness, sensitivity to light, and increased tearing. (watsi.org)
Disappear3
- A chalazion will often disappear on its own. (denverhealth.org)
- Most chalazia disappear without treatment within 2 to 8 weeks. (msdmanuals.com)
- If hot compresses are applied several times a day (for example, for 5 to 10 minutes 2 to 3 times a day), chalazia may disappear sooner. (msdmanuals.com)
Biopsy3
- If a chalazion recurs in the same place, a tissue biopsy may be conducted in order to rule out a more serious issue. (fyodorovclinic.com)
- Should you have recurrent chalazion in the same part of the eyelid or if the chalazion has a suspicious appearance, your doctor may biopsy the tissue and send it to a laboratory to rule out a cancerous growth. (whiteplainseyecare.com)
- Sa mga bihirang kaso kung saan ang isang chalazion ay muling lumitaw sa parehong lugar ng eyelid o mukhang kahina-hinala, ang tinanggal na tisyu ay maaaring ipadala para sa isang biopsy upang matukoy kung mayroong anumang paglago ng cancer. (theyenews.com)
Antibiotics2
- Since chalazion is not infectious, treatment with either topical or oral antibiotics is ineffective. (whiteplainseyecare.com)
- However, topical and oral antibiotics are generally are not effective as direct treatments for chalazia, because these do not have any active infectious component that would require this kind of approach. (homeodoctor.co.in)
Obstruction1
- Représentation de l'inflammation de la paupière, ici le chalazion qui provoque une obstruction des glandes de Meibomius entrainant une dilatation brutale très inflammatoire de la paupière. (illustration-medicale.com)
Ophthalmologist1
- Please note: atypical, persistent, chalazia recurring in the same area may indicate a serious condition requiring referral to an ophthalmologist. (eyeandear.org.au)
Common inflammatory1
- Chalazion is a common inflammatory condition of the eyelid. (reviewofoptometry.com)
Surgery13
- Chalazion surgery is a simple procedure that is generally performed as a day operation, and the person does not need to remain in the hospital for further medical care. (wikipedia.org)
- Chalazion removal surgery is performed under local or general anesthesia. (wikipedia.org)
- If the chalazion continues to get bigger, it may need to be removed with surgery. (medlineplus.gov)
- These problems are more common if you've had surgery for the chalazion. (medlineplus.gov)
- Surgery may be done if the chalazion does not respond to other treatments. (denverhealth.org)
- What is Chalazion Surgery? (healthmagazineonline.com)
- However, if the chalazion is large, causing discomfort, or affecting vision, surgery may be necessary to remove it. (healthmagazineonline.com)
- Chalazion surgery is a relatively simple procedure that can be performed in an outpatient setting. (healthmagazineonline.com)
- Before the surgery, the patient will be given a local anesthetic to numb the area around the chalazion. (healthmagazineonline.com)
- Most patients recover fully within a week or two after chalazion surgery. (healthmagazineonline.com)
- Did the chalazion surgery ruin my vision, or is it possible that a chalazion as small as 1.5 mm could still be affecting my vision? (optometryforums.com)
- Early intervention can prevent the chalazion from getting to the stage requiring in-office surgery. (whiteplainseyecare.com)
- Should in-office surgery be required, your eye surgeon will numb the part of the eyelid where the chalazion is located using local anesthesia. (whiteplainseyecare.com)
Treatment6
- A chalazion will often go away without treatment in a month or so. (medlineplus.gov)
- What is the treatment for chalazion? (eyeandear.org.au)
- If the chalazion is quite large or has not responded to treatment, it may beremoved surgically. (healthiack.com)
- There are several treatment options available for this patient, and virtually every doctor has a preferred approach to managing chalazia. (reviewofoptometry.com)
- Sary from Cambodia raised $187 to fund chalazion eye treatment. (watsi.org)
- Sary underwent chalazion eye treatment. (watsi.org)
Painful1
- A chalazion is not usually painful. (beos.ca)