Cell Nucleolus
A computational screen for methylation guide snoRNAs in yeast. (1/2190)
Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are required for ribose 2'-O-methylation of eukaryotic ribosomal RNA. Many of the genes for this snoRNA family have remained unidentified in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, despite the availability of a complete genome sequence. Probabilistic modeling methods akin to those used in speech recognition and computational linguistics were used to computationally screen the yeast genome and identify 22 methylation guide snoRNAs, snR50 to snR71. Gene disruptions and other experimental characterization confirmed their methylation guide function. In total, 51 of the 55 ribose methylated sites in yeast ribosomal RNA were assigned to 41 different guide snoRNAs. (+info)Differential transcriptional activity associated with chromatin configuration in fully grown mouse germinal vesicle oocytes. (2/2190)
It was previously shown that fully grown ovarian germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes of adult mice exhibit several nuclear configurations that differ essentially by the presence or absence of a ring of condensed chromatin around the nucleolus. These configurations have been termed, respectively, SN (surrounded nucleolus) and NSN (nonsurrounded nucleolus). Work from our and other laboratories has revealed ultrastructural and functional differences between these two configurations. The aims of the present study were 1) to analyze the equilibrium between the SN and the NSN population as a function of the age of the mice and the time after hCG-induced ovulation and 2) to study the polymerase I (pol I)- and polymerase II (pol II)-dependent transcription in both types of oocytes through the detection of bromouridine incorporated into nascent RNA. We show 1) that ovarian GV oocytes exhibiting the SN-type configuration can be found as soon as 17 days after birth in the C57/CBA mouse strain and 2) that the SN:NSN ratio of ovarian GV oocytes is very low just after hCG-induced ovulation and then increases progressively with the time after ovulation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the SN configuration correlates strictly with the arrest of both pol I- and pol II-dependent transcription in mice at any age. Finally, we show that ribosomal genes are located at the outer periphery of the nucleolus in the NSN configuration and that pol I-dependent perinucleolar transcription sites correspond to specific ultrastructural features of the nucleolus. Altogether, these results provide clear-cut criteria delineating transcriptionally active GV oocytes from those that are inactive, and confirm that the SN-type configuration is mostly present in preovulatory oocytes. (+info)Onset of nucleolar and extranucleolar transcription and expression of fibrillarin in macaque embryos developing in vitro. (3/2190)
Specific aims were to characterize the onset of nucleolar and extranucleolar transcription and expression of the nucleolar protein fibrillarin during preimplantation development in vitro in macaque embryos using autoradiographic and immunocytochemical techniques. Autoradiography was performed on whole embryos cultured with [3H]uridine for assessment of nucleolar (rRNA) and extranucleolar (mRNA) transcription. Expression of fibrillarin was immunocytochemically assessed in whole embryos using a primary antibody against fibrillarin and a fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated secondary antibody. Extranucleolar incorporation of [3H]uridine was first detected in 2-cell embryos cultured 6-10 h with [3H]uridine. Culture with alpha-amanitin prevented incorporation of label in 2-cell embryos, and treatment with ribonuclease reduced the signal to background levels, indicating that [3H]uridine was incorporated into mRNA and not rRNA or DNA. Nucleolar incorporation of [3H]uridine was not evident in pronucleate-stage or 2- to 5-cell embryos, but it was detected in one 6-cell embryo and in all 8-cell to blastocyst-stage embryos. Fibrillarin was first expressed in some 6- to 7-cell embryos, but it was consistently expressed in all 8-cell embryos. Fibrillarin was localized to the perimeter of the nucleolar precursor bodies, forming a ring that completely encapsulated these structures. Fibrillarin was not expressed in 8- to 16-cell embryos cultured with alpha-amanitin, indicating that it is transcribed, rather than recruited, at the 8-cell stage. In conclusion, in in vitro-fertilized macaque embryos developing in vitro, extranucleolar synthesis of mRNA is initiated at the 2-cell stage while the onset of nucleolar transcription occurs at the 6- to 8-cell stage, coincident with expression of fibrillarin. (+info)Structure and functions of nucleolin. (4/2190)
Nucleolin is an abundant protein of the nucleolus. Nucleolar proteins structurally related to nucleolin are found in organisms ranging from yeast to plants and mammals. The association of several structural domains in nucleolin allows the interaction of nucleolin with different proteins and RNA sequences. Nucleolin has been implicated in chromatin structure, rDNA transcription, rRNA maturation, ribosome assembly and nucleo-cytoplasmic transport. Studies of nucleolin over the last 25 years have revealed a fascinating role for nucleolin in ribosome biogenesis. The involvement of nucleolin at multiple steps of this biosynthetic pathway suggests that it could play a key role in this highly integrated process. (+info)Gene expression and chromatin organization during mouse oocyte growth. (5/2190)
Mouse oocytes can be classified according to their chromatin organization and the presence [surrounded nucleolus (SN) oocytes] or absence [nonsurrounded nucleolus (NSN) oocytes] of a ring of Hoechst-positive chromatin around the nucleolus. Following fertilization only SN oocytes are able to develop beyond the two-cell stage. These studies indicate a correlation between SN and NSN chromatin organization and the developmental competence of the female gamete, which may depend on gene expression. In the present study, we have used the HSP70.1Luc transgene (murine HSP70.1 promoter + reporter gene firefly luciferase) to analyze gene expression in oocytes isolated from ovaries of 2-day- to 13-week-old females. Luciferase was assayed on oocytes after classification as SN or NSN type. Our data show that SN oocytes always exhibit a higher level of luciferase activity, demonstrating a higher gene expression in this category. Only after meiotic resumption, metaphase II oocytes derived from NSN or SN oocytes acquire the same level of transgene expression. We suggest that the limited availability of transcripts and corresponding proteins, excluded from the cytoplasm until GVBD in NSN oocytes, could explain why these oocytes have a lower ability to sustain embryonic development beyond the two-cell stage at which major zygotic transcription occurs. With this study we have furthered our knowledge of epigenetic regulation of gene expression in oogenesis. (+info)Nuclear and nucleolar targeting of human ribosomal protein S25: common features shared with HIV-1 regulatory proteins. (6/2190)
The nuclear and nucleolar targeting properties of human ribosomal protein S25 (RPS25) were analysed by the expression of epitope-tagged RPS25 cDNAs in Cos-1 cells. The tagged RPS25 was localized to the cell nucleus, with a strong predominance in the nucleolus. At the amino terminus of RPS25, two stretches of highly basic residues juxtapose. This configuration shares common features with the nucleolar targeting signals (NOS) of lentiviral RNA-binding transactivators, including human immunodeficiency viruses' (HIV) Rev proteins. Deletion and site-directed mutational analyses demonstrated that the first NOS-like stretch is dispensable for both nuclear and nucleolar localization of RPS25, and that the nuclear targeting signal is located within the second NOS-like stretch. It has also been suggested that a set of continuous basic residues and the total number of basic residues should be required for nucleolar targeting. Signal-mediated nuclear/nucleolar targeting was further characterized by the construction and expression of a variety of chimeric constructs, utilizing three different backbones with RPS25 cDNA fragments. Immunofluorescence analyses demonstrated a 17 residue peptide of RPS25 as a potential nuclear/nucleolar targeting signal. The identified peptide signal may belong to a putative subclass of NOS, characterized by compact structure, together with lentiviral RNA-binding transactivators. (+info)Expression of the transcriptional repressor protein Kid-1 leads to the disintegration of the nucleolus. (7/2190)
The rat Kid-1 gene codes for a 66-kDa protein with KRAB domains at the NH2 terminus and two Cys2His2-zinc finger clusters of four and nine zinc fingers at the COOH terminus. It was the first KRAB-zinc finger protein for which a transcriptional repressor activity was demonstrated. Subsequently, the KRAB-A domain was identified as a widespread transcriptional repressor motif. We now present a biochemical and functional analysis of the Kid-1 protein in transfected cells. The full-length Kid-1 protein is targeted to the nucleolus and adheres tightly to as yet undefined nucleolar structures, leading eventually to the disintegration of the nucleolus. The tight adherence and nucleolar distribution can be attributed to the larger zinc finger cluster, whereas the KRAB-A domain is responsible for the nucleolar fragmentation. Upon disintegration of the nucleolus, the nucleolar transcription factor upstream binding factor disappears from the nucleolar fragments. In the absence of Kid-1, the KRIP-1 protein, which represents the natural interacting partner of zinc finger proteins with a KRAB-A domain, is homogeneously distributed in the nucleus, whereas coexpression of Kid-1 leads to a shift of KRIP-1 into the nucleolus. Nucleolar run-ons demonstrate that rDNA transcription is shut off in the nucleolar fragments. Our data demonstrate the functional diversity of the KRAB and zinc finger domains of Kid-1 and provide new functional insights into the regulation of the nucleolar structure. (+info)The beta4 integrin interactor p27(BBP/eIF6) is an essential nuclear matrix protein involved in 60S ribosomal subunit assembly. (8/2190)
p27(BBP/eIF6) is an evolutionarily conserved protein that was originally identified as p27(BBP), an interactor of the cytoplasmic domain of integrin beta4 and, independently, as the putative translation initiation factor eIF6. To establish the in vivo function of p27(BBP/eIF6), its topographical distribution was investigated in mammalian cells and the effects of disrupting the corresponding gene was studied in the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In epithelial cells containing beta4 integrin, p27(BBP/eIF6) is present in the cytoplasm and enriched at hemidesmosomes with a pattern similar to that of beta4 integrin. Surprisingly, in the absence and in the presence of the beta4 integrin subunit, p27(BBP/eIF6) is in the nucleolus and associated with the nuclear matrix. Deletion of the IIH S. cerevisiae gene, encoding the yeast p27(BBP/eIF6) homologue, is lethal, and depletion of the corresponding gene product is associated with a dramatic decrease of the level of free ribosomal 60S subunit. Furthermore, human p27(BBP/eIF6) can rescue the lethal effect of the iihDelta yeast mutation. The data obtained in vivo suggest an evolutionarily conserved function of p27(BBP/eIF6) in ribosome biogenesis or assembly rather than in translation. A further function related to the beta4 integrin subunit may have evolved specifically in higher eukaryotic cells. (+info)The nucleolus is a structure found within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells (cells that contain a true nucleus). It plays a central role in the production and assembly of ribosomes, which are complex molecular machines responsible for protein synthesis. The nucleolus is not a distinct organelle with a membrane surrounding it, but rather a condensed region within the nucleus where ribosomal biogenesis takes place.
The process of ribosome formation begins in the nucleolus with the transcription of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) genes into long precursor RNA molecules called rRNAs (ribosomal RNAs). Within the nucleolus, these rRNA molecules are cleaved, modified, and assembled together with ribosomal proteins to form small and large ribosomal subunits. Once formed, these subunits are transported through the nuclear pores to the cytoplasm, where they come together to form functional ribosomes that can engage in protein synthesis.
In addition to its role in ribosome biogenesis, the nucleolus has been implicated in other cellular processes such as stress response, cell cycle regulation, and aging. Changes in nucleolar structure and function have been associated with various diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.
Nucleolus
Paraspeckle
Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression
Mitosis
Tendon cell
Induced pluripotent stem cell
Wound healing
Mdm2
Promyelocytic leukemia protein
Extrachromosomal rDNA circle
Sertoli cell
Small nucleolar RNA SNORA30
GNL3
Oocyte
ZNF259
Metanephric adenoma
Fonticula
NHP2L1
UTP4
ILF2
TINP1
TEX10
Protein AATF
WDR12
PA2G4
RRP12
PPAN
GRWD1
Poly(A)-specific ribonuclease
RRP1B
KAKEN - Research Projects | The nucleolus regulates hematopoietic cell differentiation (KAKENHI-PROJECT-24770178)
Hiding proteins in the nucleolus | Journal of Cell Biology | Rockefeller University Press
Nucleolus - Wikipedia
nucleolus function in a cell - The Education
The Nucleolus: Ribosome Factory of the Cell - DRISMAYIL.COM
Dictionary - Cell: Nucleoli - The Human Protein Atlas
A 'Sleeping Trojan Horse' which transports metal ions into cells, localises in nucleoli, and has potential for bimodal...
2020-2021 BCSC Basic and Clinical Science Course™
Binding of monoclonal anti-interleukin 2 antibody to nucleoli in acute leukemia blast cells. - OxPLoreD
A 5S rRNA/L5 complex is a precursor to ribosome assembly in mammalian cells
All about the plant cell :)
Nucleolar RNA polymerase II drives ribosome biogenesis | Nature
Choroidal Melanoma: Practice Essentials, Overview, Pathophysiology
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Genetic identification of Arabidopsis RID2 as an essential factor involved in pre-rRNA processing
Journal of Jilin University Medicine Edition
Transcription organizes euchromatin via microphase separation | Nature Communications
Molecular/Genetics
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Adrenal Gland | College of American Pathologists
Periocular Trichoblastoma: A Diagnostic Dilemma | Case Reports in Ophthalmology | Karger Publishers
A CellAgeClock for expedited discovery of anti-ageing compounds | bioRxiv
Metastatic Malignant Melanoma Mimicking Benign Breast Cysts
Pathology of Prostate Xanthoma: Overview, Clinical Features and Gross Findings, Microscopic Findings
Choroidal Melanoma: Practice Essentials, Overview, Pathophysiology
Quiz Hub: Cells
Eukaryotic cells6
- PL: nucleoli /-laɪ/) is the largest structure in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. (wikipedia.org)
- They are usually found in all eukaryotic cells. (protopage.com)
- Nucleolus is an important structure inside the nucleus in eukaryotic cells. (umassmed.edu)
- Nucleophosmin (NPM1) is a multifunctional phosphoprotein localized predominantly within the nucleoli of eukaryotic cells. (harvard.edu)
- Students will know the names and functions of the major organelles found in eukaryotic cells. (ti.com)
- Mitochondria exist in most eukaryotic cells and play a very important role in oxidative metabolism by generating ATP as an energy source. (dojindo.com)
Nucleus13
- Nucleolus Function: The nucleolus is a round body located inside the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. (theeducationlife.com)
- plump polyhedral nevus cells: Abundant cytoplasm is filled with pigment and has a small round to oval nucleus with bland appearance. (aao.org)
- slender spindle nevus cells (Fig 12-16): The cytoplasm contains scant pigment and a small, dark, elongated nucleus. (aao.org)
- balloon cells: Abundant, foamy cytoplasm lacks pigment and has a bland nucleus. (aao.org)
- The nucleus of the plant cell is on the inside of the plant cell in most opinions is the brain and power behind the cell. (protopage.com)
- The nucleolus is a sub-organelle of the cell nucleus though itself is a nucleus. (protopage.com)
- The jellylike material outside the cell nucleus in which the organelles are located. (enchantedlearning.com)
- The nucleus controls many of the functions of the cell (by controlling protein synthesis) and contains DNA (in chromosomes). (enchantedlearning.com)
- Positional cloning of the RID2 gene revealed that it encodes an evolutionarily conserved methyltransferase-like protein, which was found to localize in the nucleus, with accumulation being most evident in the nucleolus. (nih.gov)
- In eukaryotes, DNA is packed inside the cell nucleus in the form of chromatin, which consists of DNA, proteins such as histones, and RNA. (nature.com)
- Close-ups of cell nuclei in a human cell culture: HMGB1 protein (green) is usually found throughout the nucleus (dotted line). (mpg.de)
- As the researchers found out, BPTAS is caused by a special genetic change that causes an essential protein to migrate to the nucleolus, a large proteinaceous droplet in the cell nucleus. (mpg.de)
- This protein has the task of organizing the genetic material in the cell nucleus and facilitates the interaction of other molecules with the DNA, for example to read genes. (mpg.de)
Chromatin7
- In spindle-B melanoma cells, coarse, granular chromatin and plump, large nuclei are seen. (aao.org)
- Their nuclei have a conspicuous nuclear membrane, very coarse chromatin, and large nucleoli. (aao.org)
- Compared to earlier methods for assaying chromatin accessibility, ATAC-seq is faster and easier to perform, does not require cross-linking, has higher signal to noise ratio, and can be performed on small cell numbers. (umassmed.edu)
- Endocervical smear: sheet of atypical cells of glandular type with enlarged nuclei and a regular chromatin pattern. (iarc.fr)
- At higher magnification, the tumor cells showed minimal cytological atypia, scant cytoplasm, fine chromatin, small inconspicuous nucleoli, and rare mitotic figures (Figure 2 ). (hindawi.com)
- The tumor cells were round to oval with fine chromatin, small inconspicuous nucleoli, indistinct cell borders, and light nongranular cytoplasm. (hindawi.com)
- the chromatin and the nuclear-cellular ratio (N/C) of each plasma cell. (bvsalud.org)
Nucleolar6
- In response to the inhibition of rRNA transcription, nucleolar protein MYBBP1A was translocated from the nucleolus to the nucleoplasm and interacted with c-Myc, which is one of the master regulator of hematopoietic differentiation. (nii.ac.jp)
- Although nucleolar proteins involved in ribosome synthesis move in and out of the structure constantly, the authors saw that VHL was static in the nucleolus, based on FRAP, FLIP, and heterokaryon experiments. (rupress.org)
- MDM2, an E3 that induces the degradation of the p53 tumor suppressor protein, also became fixed in the nucleolus in response to actinomycin-D treatment, which is known to block p53 ubiquitylation.The authors propose that such nucleolar sequestration, and more generally the concept of switching proteins between a mobile and static state, is likely to be a commonly used mechanism for regulating enzyme reactions. (rupress.org)
- Nucleoli are made of proteins, DNA and RNA, and form around specific chromosomal regions called nucleolar organizing regions. (wikipedia.org)
- Another structure identified within many nucleoli (particularly in plants) is a clear area in the center of the structure referred to as a nucleolar vacuole. (wikipedia.org)
- We reveal a nucleolar Pol-II-dependent mechanism that drives ribosome biogenesis, identify disease-associated disruption of nucleoli by noncoding RNAs, and establish locus-targeted R-loop modulation. (nature.com)
Ribosomes3
- L5 may therefore play a role in delivering 5S rRNA to the nucleolus for assembly into ribosomes. (nih.gov)
- Ribosomes assemble proteins and polypeptides for cell division. (protopage.com)
- The nucleolus is responsible for the production and the assembly of the ribosomes. (protopage.com)
Nucleoplasm3
- The authors identified a domain within VHL that detects increased acidity, such as occurs during hypoxia, and somehow induces VHL to move to the nucleolus from the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm, where it normally resides. (rupress.org)
- In higher eukaryotes and plants, the situation is more complex, for the 5S DNA sequence lies outside the NOR and is transcribed by RNA pol III in the nucleoplasm, after which it finds its way into the nucleolus to participate in the ribosome assembly. (wikipedia.org)
- Membraneless intracellular compartments formed through liquid-liquid phase separation from the surrounding CYTOPLASM or nucleoplasm or by the concentration of proteins and nucleic acids into droplets as they aggregate on static cellular structures such as CELL MEMBRANES. (bvsalud.org)
Proteins13
- Several E3 proteins aggregate in the nucleolus in response to inhibitory signals. (rupress.org)
- The Golgi Apparatus sorts, modifies, and packages proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or secretion outside the cell. (protopage.com)
- The endoplasmic reticulum translates proteins and transports items throughout the cell. (protopage.com)
- The cell membrane is a lipid bilayer that contains a wide variety of molecules mostly proteins and lipids. (protopage.com)
- In addition, nucleoli are dynamic hubs through which numerous proteins shuttle and contact specific non-rDNA genomic loci. (umassmed.edu)
- The golgi body packages proteins and carbohydrates into membrane-bound vesicles for "export" from the cell. (enchantedlearning.com)
- Rough ER transport materials through the cell and produces proteins in sacks called cisternae (which are sent to the Golgi body, or inserted into the cell membrane). (enchantedlearning.com)
- An important step in the functional analysis of the nucleolus is to determine the complement of proteins of this nuclear compartment. (hud.ac.uk)
- Here, we describe the first proteomic analysis of plant (Arabidopsis thaliana) nucleoli, in which we have identified 217 proteins. (hud.ac.uk)
- The inefficient delivery of proteins into mammalian cells remains a major barrier to realizing the therapeutic potential of many proteins. (harvard.edu)
- The most commonly stained cell components are cell membranes, proteins, and nucleotides. (dojindo.com)
- These compounds are neutral molecules that pass through cell membranes and covalently conjugate with cell proteins. (dojindo.com)
- Since it has an amine-reactive succinimidyl group, fluorescein derived from CFSE can covalently bond to proteins or other amino groups in the cell or on the cell membrane. (dojindo.com)
Tumor cells7
- By immunohistochemistry, the tumor cells are positive for inhibin and negative for chromogranin and S100. (cap.org)
- Oftentimes, ACCs have thick capsules, broad fibrous bands, tumor cells arranged in disordered nests and trabeculae, and necrosis. (cap.org)
- If prostate biopsies are performed following hormonal therapy for prostatic adenocarcinoma, the appearance of residual tumor cells can mimic xanthoma cells. (medscape.com)
- Tumor cells usually retain prostatic epithelial antigenicity, and immunohistochemical stains can be used for their identification. (medscape.com)
- The tumor is heterogeneous with meningeal tumor cells, mainly a mixture of fibroblast like cells, and neuroepithelial cells in a background of connective tissue. (frontiersin.org)
- The tumor cells appeared spindled with normochromatic, small nuclei and indistinct nucleoli (Figure 7 ). (upmc.edu)
- The tumor cells were focally embedded in a myxochondroid and osteoid-like matrix (Figures 8 and 9 ) with scattered areas of dystrophic calcification (Figure 8 ). (upmc.edu)
Mitotic3
- Medulloblastoma is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as "an embryonal neuroepithelial tumor arising in the cerebellum or dorsal brainstem, presenting mainly in childhood and consisting of densely packed small round undifferentiated cells with mild to moderate nuclear pleomorphism and high mitotic count. (medscape.com)
- The Weiss criteria define malignancy based on the presence of three or more of the following features: high-grade nuclei, high mitotic rate (more than 5 mitoses per 50 high-power fields (HPF)), atypical mitotic figures, clear cells comprising less than 25% of cells, diffuse architecture, tumor necrosis, venous invasion, sinusoidal invasion, and capsular invasion. (cap.org)
- The important diagnostic keys for AIS cytology are as follows: (1) The appearance of microbiopsies/HCG (single-cell pattern is rare), (2) mitotic figures in the microbiopsies/HCG, (3) a lack of necrotic tumor diathesis in cases with polymorphic AIS, and (4) recognition of typical cytological subtypes. (cytojournal.com)
Cytoplasm and enlarged2
- Epithelioid melanoma cells resemble epithelium because of their abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and enlarged round to oval nuclei. (aao.org)
- Smear dominated by large mononuclear cells with slightly condensed basophilic cytoplasm and enlarged nucleoli. (hindawi.com)
Nuclei5
- Figure 12-16 Spindle-cell choroidal nevus (between arrows) is composed of slender spindle-shaped cells with thin, homogeneously staining nuclei. (aao.org)
- Histologically, a melanocytoma is composed of large polyhedral cells with small round to oval nuclei and abundant cytoplasm. (aao.org)
- Spindle-A melanoma cells have slender, elongated nuclei with small nucleoli. (aao.org)
- Scattered cells had uncharacteristic pigment with slightly enlarged nuclei. (hindawi.com)
- Foamy gland carcinoma of the prostate features cells with abundant finely vacuolated cytoplasm and pyknotic hyperchromatic nuclei. (medscape.com)
Nuclear2
- Histologically, the tumor is composed of sheets of cells with nuclear pleomorphism and areas of oncocytic appearance. (cap.org)
- This variant should be differentiated from oncocytic adenoma which may exhibit atypical features that are components of the Weiss criteria including high nuclear grade, less than 25% clear cells, and diffuse architecture. (cap.org)
RRNA4
- I found that rRNA transcription was downregulated during hematopoietic differentiation in both human leukemia cell line and mouse hematopoietic stem cells. (nii.ac.jp)
- These results suggest that the downregulation of rRNA transcription accelerates cellular differentiation at least in hematopoietic cells. (nii.ac.jp)
- In an initial stage, the rRNA genes are transcribed as a single unit within the nucleolus by RNA polymerase I. In order for this transcription to occur, several pol I-associated factors and DNA-specific trans-acting factors are required. (wikipedia.org)
- Outside nucleoli, Pol III synthesizes 5S rRNA molecules that are targeted to nucleoli for processing. (nature.com)
Cytoplasmic3
- The cytoplasmic melanin content in melanoma cells can vary considerably. (aao.org)
- In 17 cases reaction was restricted to the nucleoli, in 4 cases additional cytoplasmic staining was observed. (ox.ac.uk)
- The anti-IL-2 staining of nucleoli in AML cells is distinct from the cytoplasmic staining which is observed in PHA-activated normal lymphocytes and in a minority of AML cells. (ox.ac.uk)
Fibrillar1
- Three major components of the nucleolus are recognized: the fibrillar center (FC), the dense fibrillar component (DFC), and the granular component (GC). (wikipedia.org)
Immunofluorescence4
- Antibodies against the PAF49 protein can also be used as a marker for the nucleolus in immunofluorescence experiments. (wikipedia.org)
- Indirect immunofluorescence indicates that the L5/5S complex is concentrated in the nucleolus. (nih.gov)
- To investigate whether Pol II exists within human nucleoli, we first used immunofluorescence coupled to super-resolution microscopy. (nature.com)
- Testing of IgG autoantibodies to human cellular antigens was performed by the HEp-2 cell immunofluorescence assay using slides from INOVA Diagnostics, San Diego, CA (Cat # 508100) following the manufacturer's instructions and evaluated primarily using their NOVA View system. (cdc.gov)
Mononuclear cells3
- FNAC (fine needle aspiration cytology) was performed as part of the triple test, and air-dried, May-Grünwald-Giemsa-stained smears interpreted by the cytopathologist on duty revealed dissociated mononuclear cells of uncertain origin (Figure 2 ). (hindawi.com)
- Mononuclear cells positive for Melan-A, consistent with metastatic cells. (hindawi.com)
- Large mononuclear cells, their nucleoli tend to be basophilic rather than eosinophilic and their cytoplasm is basophilic/amphophilic rather than eosinophilic. (medscape.com)
Protein10
- The nucleolus ultrastructure can be seen through an electron microscope, while the organization and dynamics can be studied through fluorescent protein tagging and fluorescent recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). (wikipedia.org)
- A novel 5S RNA-protein (RNP) complex in human and mouse cells has been analyzed using patient autoantibodies. (nih.gov)
- There is only 1 in each cell and it transports protein around. (protopage.com)
- cell membrane - the thin layer of protein and fat that surrounds the cell, but is inside the cell wall. (enchantedlearning.com)
- the expression levels of protein associated with apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) of SKO-007 cells in various groups were detected by Western blotting method. (researchgate.net)
- Objective: To investigate the effects of prion protein 106-126 peptide on inducing apoptosis in differentiated PC12 cells. (researchgate.net)
- Methods: After differentiated by nerve growth factor (NGF), the PC12 cells were infected by prion protein 106-126 peptide. (researchgate.net)
- Conclusion: Prion protein 106-126 peptide can induce apoptosis in differentiated PC12 cells and present cellular toxicity definitely. (researchgate.net)
- In a cell, antisense DNA serves as the template for producing messenger RNA (mRNA), which directs the synthesis of a protein. (genome.gov)
- Genes Genes are segments of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that contain the code for a specific protein that functions in one or more types of cells in the body or the code for functional ribonucleic. (msdmanuals.com)
Ribosomal1
- In 1966 Max L. Birnstiel and collaborators showed via nucleic acid hybridization experiments that DNA within nucleoli code for ribosomal RNA. (wikipedia.org)
Biol1
- J Cell Biol (2005) 170 (5): 696. (rupress.org)
Interphase cells2
- Yamaguchi M, Kuwabara Y, Shimizu M, Furukawa H, Nishioka H, Takeo k: The spindle pole bodyof the pathogenic yeast Exphiala dermatitidis variation in morphology and positional relationship to the nucleolus and the bun in interphase cells. (researchmap.jp)
- variation in morphology and positional relationship to the nucleolus and the bun in interphase cells. (researchmap.jp)
Vacuole2
- There is one vacuole in a plant cell. (protopage.com)
- As you can see, the vacuole takes up a lot of room in each plant cell. (protopage.com)
Mitoses1
- The cells have prominent nucleoli and areas of necrosis and mitoses are present. (cap.org)
Polymerase1
- Here we show, however, that RNA polymerase II (Pol II) inside human nucleoli operates near genes encoding rRNAs to drive their expression. (nature.com)
Mitochondria7
- The Mitochondria holds the DNA and the RNA of the plant cell. (protopage.com)
- There are hundreds of mitochondria in a plant cell and it also converts glucose into energy. (protopage.com)
- In plant cells, ATP is produced in the cristae of mitochondria and chloroplasts. (enchantedlearning.com)
- Positively charged molecules are usually cell membrane permeable and accumulate in mitochondria. (dojindo.com)
- The average number of mitochondria per cell is from 100 to 2,000. (dojindo.com)
- Although the typical size is about 0.5-2 mm, the shape, abundance, and location of mitochondria vary by cell type, cell cycle, and cell viability.Therefore, visualization of mitochondra is important. (dojindo.com)
- MitoRed and Rh123 readily pass through cell membranes and accumulate in mitochondria. (dojindo.com)
Atypia1
- The World Health Organization recognizes some variations of osteosarcoma, which differ in location, clinical presentation and level of cell atypia. (bvsalud.org)
Membranes7
- Lavender leaf hairs accumulate essential oils under the cuticle of secreting cells, the cuticle are tightly attached to the membranes of the secretory cells due to the absence of excretion products. (scirp.org)
- Small neutral molecules and positively charged molecules can pass through viable cell membranes and remain inside of cells, depending on their reactivity or hydrophilicity. (dojindo.com)
- Negatively charged molecules cannot pass through viable cell membranes. (dojindo.com)
- Ester can pass through viable cell membranes, where it is hydrolyzed by cellular esterases into a negatively charged molecule under physiological conditions. (dojindo.com)
- CFSE is also an ester compound that passes through viable cell membranes. (dojindo.com)
- Cell membranes of viable cells are impermeable to these fluorescent dyes,except for the Hoechst dyes, and these dyes can therefore be used as fluorescent indicators of dead cells. (dojindo.com)
- Hoechst dyes are positively charged under physiological conditions and can pass through viable cell membranes. (dojindo.com)
Biology2
- Molecular Biology of the Cell , 16 (1), 260-269. (hud.ac.uk)
- The Science Explorer interviews Angeline Lim, an Applications Scientist at Molecular Devices, to learn more about Cell Painting and the impact it is having on cell biology research and drug discovery. (moleculardevices.com)
Abundant3
- Note the balloon cells (arrowheads) with abundant foamy cytoplasm. (aao.org)
- The most common variant, oncocytic ACC, is characterized by cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. (cap.org)
- Binucleate or multilobated cells with abundant cytoplasm, large eosinophilic nucleoli, which can be round or linear, surrounded by a clear halo. (medscape.com)
Antibody3
- Binding of monoclonal anti-interleukin 2 antibody to nucleoli in acute leukemia blast cells. (ox.ac.uk)
- Enrichment of cancer stem cells was observed in neurospheres by FACS using CD133 antibody and RT-PCR. (frontiersin.org)
- Report of the First International Consensus on Standardized Nomenclature of Antinuclear Antibody HEp-2 Cell Patterns 2014-2015. (cdc.gov)
Inhibitory2
- The phenotypes of rid2-1 in tissue culture and in seedlings indicated that the rid2 mutation has various (acute and non-acute) inhibitory effects on different aspects of cell proliferation. (nih.gov)
- The accumulation of both peptides in the endothelial cells suggested in vivo inhibitory activity of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme. (go.jp)
Proliferation2
- This suggests that the RID2 function is not directly involved in every cycle of cell division, but is related to 'vitality', supporting cell proliferation. (nih.gov)
- The results showed that compounds 1-4 significantly promoted the proliferation of MCF-7 cells, and the proliferation was antagonized by the specific ER antagonist ICI182,780, suggesting that compounds 1-4 might have the estrogen-like effect in vitro potentially. (bvsalud.org)
Membrane9
- A rhenium polypyridine-based molecular vessel is membrane impermeant when empty, but, upon loading with metal ions, the cationic form is taken up by MCF-7 cells, localising in nucleoli. (cardiff.ac.uk)
- The cell wall is a fairly rigid layer surrounding a cell, located external to the cell membrane, which provides the cell with structural support, protection, and acts as a filtering mechanism. (protopage.com)
- The cell membrane is semipermeable, allowing some substances to pass into the cell and blocking others. (enchantedlearning.com)
- A thick, rigid membrane that surrounds a plant cell. (enchantedlearning.com)
- Part of the chloroplasts in plant cells, located within the inner membrane of chloroplasts, between the grana. (enchantedlearning.com)
- Human cells have a surface membrane (called the cell membrane) that holds the contents together. (msdmanuals.com)
- However, this membrane is not just a sac, it is an active participant in the life of a cell. (msdmanuals.com)
- The membrane controls what chemicals and other substances can enter and leave the cell. (msdmanuals.com)
- The membrane also has receptors that identify the cell to other cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Molecular1
- What would you say is the advantage of using Molecular Devices high-content imaging systems in particular for Cell Painting? (moleculardevices.com)
Heterochromatin1
- Two Contrasting Classes of Nucleolus-Associated Domains in Mouse Fibroblast Heterochromatin. (umassmed.edu)
Molecules3
- The RNP is small (approximately 7S) and contains most of the nonribosome-associated 5S RNA molecules in HeLa cells. (nih.gov)
- Covalently conjugated molecules can stay in the cell for several weeks. (dojindo.com)
- Calcein and BCECF can be converted into electrically neutral molecules by the addition of acetyl or acetoxymethyl groups to their phenolic OH or carboxylic groups, which allows them to freely permeate into the cell. (dojindo.com)
Cellular5
- In this study, I have tried to address the role of the nucleolus in cellular differentiation. (nii.ac.jp)
- Microtubules serve as structural components within cells and are involved in many cellular processes including mitosis, cytokinesis, and vescular transport. (protopage.com)
- It surrounds the cytoplasm of a cell, and physically separates the inner cellular components from the outter cellular enviroment. (protopage.com)
- The eukaryotic nucleolus is involved in ribosome biogenesis and a wide range of other RNA metabolism and cellular functions. (hud.ac.uk)
- Our aim was to establish a live cell culture to enable the understanding of the cellular processes driving the non-malignant growth of these tumors. (frontiersin.org)
Organelles3
- Chloroplasts are extremely important organelles, and the more a cell has, the healthier and more efficient the plant is. (protopage.com)
- Spherical body containing many organelles, including the nucleolus. (enchantedlearning.com)
- Using cell model diagrams, students will interact with both animal and plant cells and explore the structure and function of the organelles. (ti.com)
Monoclonal2
- Neutralizing anti-IL-2, anti-IL-3, and anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were used for the immunoenzymatic detection of the respective cytokines in blast cells of 38 patients with acute myeloid (AML) and lymphoid (ALL) leukemias by the APAAP-technique. (ox.ac.uk)
- In contrast, B cells from immunocytomas showed light chain restriction and monoclonal rearrangement for IgH, confirming their neoplastic nature. (bmj.com)
Prominent1
- Nucleoli are prominent. (aao.org)
Experiments1
- Here, we combine experiments in pluripotent zebrafish cells and theory to show that euchromatin is organized in line with an active microemulsion model. (nature.com)
Enzymes3
- Cells regulate metabolic pathways by rigidly locking enzymes in the nucleolus, report Mekhail et al. (rupress.org)
- Two ubiquitin ligase enzymes bind in the nucleolus in response to signals that block their activity. (rupress.org)
- They contain enzymes that breakdown materials things in the cell. (protopage.com)
Multiple myeloma3
- Methods: The human multiple myeloma SKO-007 cells in logarithm growth phase were selected and randomly divided into control group, LDM group, BZM group, and BZM combined with LDM group. (researchgate.net)
- Objective: To identify the different types of plasma cells in multiple myeloma. (bvsalud.org)
- Results: Morphological aspects of plasma cells of 55 cases of multiple myeloma from 2004 to 2010 were analyzed in two laboratories in Kinshasa. (bvsalud.org)
Morphology2
- plump fusiform dendritic nevus cells: Morphology is intermediate between that of plump polyhedral and slender spindle. (aao.org)
- To evaluate the survival of patients according to plasma cell morphology. (bvsalud.org)
Assay6
- Cell viability was determined by using the MTT assay and the morphological changes were observed. (researchgate.net)
- These esterase substrates, therefore, can serve as assay probes of cell viability. (dojindo.com)
- Sure, so Cell Painting essentially is a high-content, image-based assay that you would use for morphological profiling. (moleculardevices.com)
- In a Cell Painting assay you would use up to six fluorescent dyes to label different components of the cell. (moleculardevices.com)
- I would say there are many, but some things to highlight would be that you could use any of our ImageXpress Micro systems in the imaging step for your Cell Painting assay. (moleculardevices.com)
- They used our ImageXpress system to develop a Cell Painting assay. (moleculardevices.com)
Epithelial3
- ACC is composed of epithelial cells originating from the adrenal cortex. (cap.org)
- Some tubes had double layers, with inner layer of epithelial cells and outer layer of myoepithelial cells. (hindawi.com)
- The luminal epithelial cells were positive for cytokeratin AE1/AE3, C-kit, and CEA, while the abluminal myoepithelial cells were positive for P63 and SMA (Figure 3 ). (hindawi.com)
Small5
- vesicle is a small and enclosed compartment within a cell. (protopage.com)
- [ 4 ] This is especially the case when they occur in seemingly infiltrating nests, cords, or single cells on small biopsy specimens. (medscape.com)
- [ 8 ] and can resemble xanthoma cells in small biopsies. (medscape.com)
- However, even these patients are at risk of dying from lung cancer (both small and non-small cell types). (cancer.gov)
- Human cells vary in size, but all are quite small. (msdmanuals.com)
Fluorescent8
- Apoptotic cells which nucleolus shrinked and rounded could be coloured orange by fluorescent colouration. (researchgate.net)
- Visualization of a cell with fluorescent compounds provides a wide variety of information for the analysis of cell functions. (dojindo.com)
- Various activities and structures of a cell can be targeted for staining with fluorescent compounds (Fig. 1). (dojindo.com)
- Succinimidyl ester compounds can also be used to improve retention of the fluorescent derivative within the cell. (dojindo.com)
- Nucleotide staining with fluorescent intercalators is mostly used for dead cell detection. (dojindo.com)
- Once converted into fluorescent products by esterase, these compounds are retained by cells because of their negative charges. (dojindo.com)
- Fluorescent esterase substrates may also be used in cell viability assays in place of tetrazolium analogs such as MTT or WST. (dojindo.com)
- Fluorescent staining using CTC is another method used to detect viable bacterial cells. (dojindo.com)
Organelle1
- An organelle in some plant cells that stores starch. (enchantedlearning.com)
Dynamics2
- NAD-seq has been used to study the biological functions of NAD and the dynamics of NAD distribution during embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation. (umassmed.edu)
- Here we combine theory and experiment to analyze the dynamics of euchromatin organization as pluripotent zebrafish cells exit mitosis and begin transcription. (nature.com)
Human8
- Malfunction of nucleoli can be the cause of several human conditions called "nucleolopathies" and the nucleolus is being investigated as a target for cancer chemotherapy. (wikipedia.org)
- Nucleoli of various plant species have been shown to have very high concentrations of iron in contrast to human and animal cell nucleoli. (wikipedia.org)
- Although usually only one or two nucleoli can be seen, a diploid human cell has ten nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) and could have more nucleoli. (wikipedia.org)
- Objective: To investigate the induction of tanshinone [1 A (Tan fl A) on the differentiation of human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPDMSCs) into cardiomyocytes, and to provide an experimental basis for Tan IT A as a cardiomyocytc differentiation inducer. (researchgate.net)
- Here, we developed CellAgeClock, a new epigenetic clock that measures subtle ageing changes in primary human cells in vitro . (biorxiv.org)
- The CellAgeClock outperforms other epigenetic clocks in measuring subtle ageing changes in primary human cells in culture. (biorxiv.org)
- The ____ of each human cell contains 23 chromosome pairs. (quizhub.com)
- In addition to human cells, the human body has foreign cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Mature2
- The lymphocytic clusters in SM contained nearly equal numbers of mature T and B cells, the latter with no coexpression of aberrant antigens, such as CD5 or CD23. (bmj.com)
- intermediate plasma cells and mature plasma cells. (bvsalud.org)
Differentiation1
- Coexisting foamy and nonfoamy adenocarcinoma with glandular differentiation devoid of basal cell lining is helpful in clarifying their malignant nature. (medscape.com)
Glandular1
- [ 7 ] Knowledge of preceding treatment and the finding of other therapy-related changes, such as glandular atrophy, as well as basal cell hyperplasia, should alert to this differential. (medscape.com)
Stem Cells2
- Both 2D monolayer and 3D neurospheres were successfully cultured and characterized for proliferative potential, intrinsic plasticity, presence of cancer stem cells and the expression of stem cell markers. (frontiersin.org)
- A spontaneous cell line-like cell culture with high percentage of stem cells has been established from a DIG tumor for the first time. (frontiersin.org)
Chloroplasts1
- There can be several hundred chloroplasts in one cell. (protopage.com)
Anaplastic medulloblastoma2
- Histologic subtypes of medulloblastoma include: (1) desmoplastic/nodular type, (2) medulloblastoma with extensive nodularity, and (3) large-cell/anaplastic medulloblastoma. (medscape.com)
- [ 1 ] Several subtypes of medulloblastoma have been recognized including: (1) desmoplastic/nodular type, (2) medulloblastoma with extensive nodularity, (3) large-cell variant, and (4) anaplastic medulloblastoma. (medscape.com)
Mitosis1
- During cell division (mitosis), the centrosome divides and the two parts move to opposite sides of the dividing cell. (enchantedlearning.com)