Cation Exchange Resins
Ion Exchange Resins
Anion Exchange Resins
Chromatography, Ion Exchange
Resins, Synthetic
Epichlorohydrin
Diphenhydramine
Cations
Polystyrenes
Resins, Plant
Acrylic Resins
Ion Exchange
Solubility
A transfection compound series based on a versatile Tris linkage. (1/108)
The family of cationic lipid transfection reagents described here demonstrates a modular design that offers potential for the ready synthesis of a wide variety of molecular variants. The key feature of these new molecules is the use of Tris as a linker for joining the hydrophobic domain to a cationic head group. The molecular design offers the opportunity to conveniently synthesise compounds differing in charge, the number and nature of hydrophobic groups in the hydrophobic domain and the characteristics of the spacer between the cationic and hydrophobic moieties. We show that prototype reagents of this design can deliver reporter genes into cultured cells with efficiencies rivaling those of established cationic lipid transfection reagents. A feature of these reagents is that they are not dependent on formulation with a neutral lipid for activity. (+info)Non-viral neuronal gene delivery mediated by the HC fragment of tetanus toxin. (2/108)
Many inherited neurological diseases and cancers could potentially benefit from efficient targeted gene delivery to neurons of the central nervous system. The nontoxic fragment C (HC) of tetanus toxin retains the specific nerve cell binding and transport properties of tetanus holotoxin. The HC fragment has previously been used to promote the uptake of attached proteins such as horseradish peroxidase, beta-galactosidase and superoxide dismutase into neuronal cells in vitro and in vivo. We report the use of purified recombinant HC fragment produced in yeast and covalently bound to polylysine [poly(K)] to enable binding of DNA. We demonstrate that when used to transfect cells, this construct results in nonviral gene delivery and marker gene expression in vitro in N18 RE 105 cells (a neuroblastoma x glioma mouse/rat hybrid cell line) and F98 (a glioma cell line). Transfection was dependent on HC and was neuronal cell type specific. HC may prove a useful targeting ligand for future neuronal gene therapy. (+info)In vitro cytotoxicity of poly(amidoamine)s: relevance to DNA delivery. (3/108)
We have examined the cytotoxicity of a number of poly(amidoamine) polymers which have been proposed for use as DNA delivery systems and compared them to the charged polyamino acid polylysine. Most of the poly(amidoamine)s tested were shown to be remarkably non-toxic to both HepG2 and HL60 cell lines. However, one of the structures (NG30, co-monomers methylene bisacrylamide, dimethylethylene diamine) did show cytotoxicity similar to that of polylysine. A second PAA structure (NG37, NG38, NG39, co-monomers bisacryloyl piperazine, 2-methyl piperazine) showed mild cytotoxicity towards both cell lines, related to the degree of polymerisation. The results support the idea that the cytotoxicity of polycations has a strong structural basis rather than being an effect due only to charge. As a consequence of their general reduced level of cytotoxicity, poly(amidoamine)s appear to have possible advantages for complexation with DNA over some other cationic polymers as a key component of DNA delivery systems. (+info)Oligonucleotide uptake in cultured keratinocytes: influence of confluence, cationic liposomes, and keratinocyte cell type. (4/108)
The success of anti-sense strategies has been limited, at least in part, by the poor uptake of these agents into the target cells. In keratinocytes, there is conflicting evidence as to the amount and location of oligonucleotide uptake into these cells, with variable proportions of cells reported to take up oligodeoxynucleotide, and also cytoplasmic and nuclear localization reported. In this study, the uptake of oligodeoxynucleotides in cultured normal human keratinocytes and the HaCaT cell line was quantitated in the presence of various lipids designed to enhance uptake and in varying culture conditions. About 12% of cells in a confluent normal human keratinocyte culture showed nuclear uptake, with a small and variable proportion showing cytoplasmic localization after 24 h incubation with 1 microM oligodeoxynucleotide. Uptake of oligodeoxynucleotide was found to be increased by liposome encapsulation (to a maximum of 28.1% +/- 2.1% of cells), low confluence (39.5% +/- 2.5%), and further increased by a combination of the two conditions (55.4% +/- 4.3%). HaCaT cell populations showed sparse but consistent uptake of oligodeoxynucleotide, with about 1% of cells showing nuclear localization in the presence of 1 microM oligodeoxynucleotide, increasing to 13.5% +/- 4.9% in the presence of cationic lipid (Tfx-50) in low confluence HaCaT monolayers. We conclude that normal keratinocytes exhibit reliable, substantial uptake of oligonucleotides in conditions controlled for confluence and aided by liposome encapsulation. (+info)Molecular correlates of the calcium-independent, depolarization-activated K+ currents in rat atrial myocytes. (5/108)
1. In adult rat atrial myocytes, three kinetically distinct Ca2+-independent depolarization-activated outward K+ currents, IK, fast, IK,slow and Iss, have been separated and characterized. 2. To test directly the hypothesis that different voltage-dependent K+ channel (Kv channel) alpha subunits underlie rat atrial IK,fast, IK, slow and Iss, the effects of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (AsODNs) targeted against the translation start sites of the Kv alpha subunits Kv1.2, Kv1.5, Kv4.2, Kv4.3, Kv2.1 and KvLQT1 were examined. 3. Control experiments on heterologously expressed Kv alpha subunits revealed that each AsODN is selective for the subunit against which it was targeted. 4. Peak outward K+ currents were attenuated significantly in rat atrial myocytes exposed to AsODNs targeted against Kv4.2, Kv1.2 and Kv1.5, whereas AsODNs targeted against Kv2.1, Kv4.3 and KvLQT1 were without effects. 5. No measurable effects on inwardly rectifying K+ currents (IK1) were observed in atrial cells exposed to any of the Kv alpha subunit AsODNs. 6. Kinetic analysis of the currents evoked during long (10 s) depolarizing voltage steps revealed that AsODNs targeted against Kv4.2, Kv1.2 and Kv1.5 selectively attenuate rat atrial IK,fast, IK, slow and Iss, respectively, thus demonstrating that the molecular correlates of rat atrial IK,fast, IK,slow and Iss are distinct. 7. The lack of effect of the Kv4.3 AsODNs on peak outward K+ currents reveals that Kv4.2 and Kv4.3 do not heteromultimerize in rat atria in vivo. In addition, the finding that Kv1.2 and Kv1.5 contribute to distinct K+ currents in rat atrial myocytes demonstrates that Kv1.2 and Kv1.5 also do not associate in rat atria in vivo. (+info)Gene transfer mediated by YKS-220 cationic particles: convenient and efficient gene delivery reagent. (6/108)
A monocationic lipid, YKS-220, with a symmetrical and biodegradable structure can be used as an effective gene transfer vector in a cationic particle form (not a cationic liposome form), and is obtained by diluting an ethanol solution of YKS-220 and DOPE (1:5, molar ratio) with an aqueous medium. This preparation method is more convenient than that for cationic liposomes. YKS-220 cationic particles showed a heterogeneous large mean diameter of 4.4 microm. An obvious size change was not observed when plasmid DNA was added. The transfection activity of YKS-220 cationic particles was comparable to those of YKS-220 liposomes and DOSPA liposomes (LipofectAMINE), and even higher than that of DOGS (TRNSFECTAM). Interestingly, the YKS-220 cationic particle/DNA complexes were resistant to the neutralizing effect of serum. All of these findings indicate that YKS-220 cationic particles are a convenient and efficient gene delivery reagent. (+info)Differential behaviour of lipid based and polycation based gene transfer systems in transfecting primary human fibroblasts: a potential role of polylysine in nuclear transport. (7/108)
DNA delivery systems for gene therapy applications have to be able to trigger the uptake of plasmid DNA into the nucleus. We have tested two types of non-viral vector systems, lipofection (cationic lipid-based, using Lipofectamine) and polyfection (cationic polymer-based, using glycerol enhanced transferrinfection), for their ability to transfect confluent, contact inhibited primary human fibroblasts. While both systems worked well with growing fibroblasts, polyfection was superior with confluent cells. A slight reduction in cell associated plasmid DNA was observed with resting cells, but it was similar for both types of complexes. Lipofectamine showed a prevalence for transfecting cycling cells as judged by costaining transfected cells with cell cycle markers. No such bias was observed when glycerol enhanced transferrinfection was used. Microinjection of plasmid DNA/polylysine complexes into the cytoplasm of fibroblasts resulted in a higher percentage of expressing cells than injection of plasmid DNA, offering an explanation for the higher transfection levels obtained with transferrinfection in non-growing cells. (+info)Method of transfection affects the cAMP-mediated induction of the RIIbeta subunit of protein kinase A in Sertoli cells: inhibition of response by increase in intracellullar calcium. (8/108)
mRNA for the regulatory subunit RIIbeta of cAMP-dependent protein kinase is stimulated more than 50-fold by cAMP in primary cultures of rat Sertoli cells. We have previously shown that this induction involves regulation of transcriptional activation as well as mRNA stabilization. The rat RIIbeta gene contains no cAMP response element (CRE), and the induction of RIIbeta mRNA is slow and requires on-going protein synthesis. When a construct containing the 5'-flanking region of the RIIbeta gene upstream of a CAT reporter was transfected into Sertoli cells by the calcium phosphate method, low and variable responses to cAMP (three- to fivefold) were observed, whereas a 15- to 20-fold increase in reporter activity by cAMP was observed after lipofectamine transfection. Interestingly, when a vector containing CRE elements upstream of a reporter gene was transfected into Sertoli cells, the responses to cAMP were similar regardless of the transfection method used. We have also demonstrated that increased intracellular levels of calcium by A23187 and thapsigargin dramatically inhibit cAMP-mediated induction of RIIbeta mRNA, but not the mRNA for the CRE-containing RIalpha gene. Furthermore, decreased cAMP responsiveness of endogenous RIIbetamRNA (but not RIalpha) was also observed in calcium phosphate-transfected Sertoli cells but not in lipofectamine-transfected cells. Thus, calcium-mediated reduction in cAMP response appears to be a gene-specific phenomenon. (+info)Cation exchange resins are a type of ion exchange resin that are positively charged and used to remove cations (positively charged ions) from aqueous solutions. They are often used in water treatment to soften water by removing calcium and magnesium ions, which can cause scale buildup in pipes and appliances. Cation exchange resins can also be used to remove heavy metals and other contaminants from water.
The resin itself is typically made of a cross-linked polymer matrix, such as polystyrene or polyacrylate, which contains functional groups that give the resin its ion exchange properties. The most common type of cation exchange resin is the sulfonated styrene divinylbenzene copolymer (SSDVB), in which the functional group is a sulfonic acid (-SO3H) group. When this resin comes into contact with a solution containing cations, such as a water supply, the cations in the solution will replace the hydrogen ions on the resin, causing the resin to become positively charged and the solution to become deionized.
Cation exchange resins can be regenerated by washing them with a strong acid, which replaces the captured cations with hydrogen ions, allowing the resin to be reused. The regeneration process must be done carefully to avoid damaging the resin and to ensure that it is properly rinsed of any residual acid before being put back into service.
Cation exchange resins are widely used in various industries such as pharmaceuticals, food and beverage, power generation, chemical processing and metal finishing for purification of water and wastewater treatment.
Ion exchange resins are insoluble, cross-linked polymeric materials that contain functional groups which can exchange ions with surrounding solutions. These resins are typically used in water treatment and purification processes to remove unwanted dissolved ions, molecules, or gases. They operate through the principle of ion exchange, where ions held on the resin are exchanged for ions in the solution. The process can be used to soften water, remove heavy metals, treat wastewater, and deionize water, among other applications.
The resins consist of a three-dimensional network of cross-linked polymer chains, providing a large surface area for ion exchange. They are often made from styrene and divinylbenzene monomers, which form a rigid structure that can withstand repeated ion exchange cycles without losing its shape or functionality. The functional groups on the resins can be cationic (positively charged) or anionic (negatively charged), allowing them to attract and retain ions of opposite charge from the surrounding solution.
Cation exchange resins are used to remove positively charged ions, such as calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium, while anion exchange resins are used to remove negatively charged ions, such as chloride, sulfate, nitrate, and bicarbonate. The resins can be regenerated by washing them with a strong solution of the ion to be recovered, allowing them to be reused multiple times before they need to be replaced.
Anion exchange resins are a type of ion exchange resin that are positively charged and used to remove anions (negatively charged ions) from aqueous solutions. These resins contain functional groups such as quaternary ammonium or tertiary amine groups, which can attract and retain anions like chloride, sulfate, or nitrate ions.
Anion exchange resins are commonly used in water treatment to remove excess dissolved salts, heavy metals, and other impurities from drinking water, industrial wastewater, and process water. They can also be used in the pharmaceutical industry for the purification of drugs and biomolecules, as well as in research and analytical applications.
When anions come into contact with the resin, they are attracted to the positively charged functional groups and exchanged for hydroxide ions (OH-) present on the resin surface. This exchange results in the formation of water and the release of the anion from the resin. The resin can then be regenerated by washing it with a strong base, which replaces the hydroxide ions and restores its ability to exchange anions.
Overall, anion exchange resins are important tools for removing unwanted anions from various types of solutions, including water, biological samples, and industrial process streams.
Ion exchange chromatography is a type of chromatography technique used to separate and analyze charged molecules (ions) based on their ability to exchange bound ions in a solid resin or gel with ions of similar charge in the mobile phase. The stationary phase, often called an ion exchanger, contains fixed ated functional groups that can attract counter-ions of opposite charge from the sample mixture.
In this technique, the sample is loaded onto an ion exchange column containing the charged resin or gel. As the sample moves through the column, ions in the sample compete for binding sites on the stationary phase with ions already present in the column. The ions that bind most strongly to the stationary phase will elute (come off) slower than those that bind more weakly.
Ion exchange chromatography can be performed using either cation exchangers, which exchange positive ions (cations), or anion exchangers, which exchange negative ions (anions). The pH and ionic strength of the mobile phase can be adjusted to control the binding and elution of specific ions.
Ion exchange chromatography is widely used in various applications such as water treatment, protein purification, and chemical analysis.
Synthetic resins are artificially produced substances that have properties similar to natural resins. They are typically created through polymerization, a process in which small molecules called monomers chemically bind together to form larger, more complex structures known as polymers.
Synthetic resins can be classified into several categories based on their chemical composition and properties, including:
1. Thermosetting resins: These resins undergo a chemical reaction when heated, resulting in a rigid and infusible material that cannot be melted or reformed once it has cured. Examples include epoxy, phenolic, and unsaturated polyester resins.
2. Thermoplastic resins: These resins can be repeatedly softened and hardened by heating and cooling without undergoing any significant chemical changes. Examples include polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene.
3. Elastomeric resins: These resins have the ability to stretch and return to their original shape when released, making them ideal for use in applications that require flexibility and durability. Examples include natural rubber, silicone rubber, and polyurethane.
Synthetic resins are widely used in various industries, including construction, automotive, electronics, and healthcare. In the medical field, they may be used to create dental restorations, medical devices, and drug delivery systems, among other applications.
Epichlorohydrin is an industrial chemical with the formula C3H5ClO. It is a colorless liquid with an irritating odor, and it is used primarily as a building block in the production of other chemicals, including epoxy resins, synthetic gums, and plastics. Epichlorohydrin is produced by reacting chlorine with propylene in the presence of a catalyst. It is classified as a probable human carcinogen based on evidence from animal studies, and exposure to this chemical can cause irritation of the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. Therefore, it is important to handle epichlorohydrin with care and to use appropriate safety measures when working with this chemical.
Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine medication used to relieve symptoms of allergies, such as sneezing, runny nose, and itchy or watery eyes. It works by blocking the action of histamine, a substance in the body that causes allergic reactions. Diphenhydramine can also be used to treat motion sickness, insomnia, and symptoms of the common cold.
In addition to its antihistamine effects, diphenhydramine also has anticholinergic properties, which means it can help to reduce secretions in the nose and throat, and may have a drying effect on the mouth and eyes. It is available over-the-counter in various forms, including tablets, capsules, liquid, and topical creams or ointments.
It's important to note that diphenhydramine can cause drowsiness, so it should be used with caution when operating heavy machinery or driving a vehicle. It may also interact with other medications, so it's important to speak with a healthcare provider before taking this medication.
A cation is a type of ion, which is a charged particle, that has a positive charge. In chemistry and biology, cations are formed when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons during chemical reactions. The removal of electrons results in the atom having more protons than electrons, giving it a net positive charge.
Cations are important in many biological processes, including nerve impulse transmission, muscle contraction, and enzyme function. For example, sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), and magnesium (Mg2+) are all essential cations that play critical roles in various physiological functions.
In medical contexts, cations can also be relevant in the diagnosis and treatment of various conditions. For instance, abnormal levels of certain cations, such as potassium or calcium, can indicate specific diseases or disorders. Additionally, medications used to treat various conditions may work by altering cation concentrations or activity within the body.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Polystyrenes" is not a medical term. Polystyrene is a type of synthetic aromatic hydrocarbon polymer that is used in a variety of commercial and industrial products, such as packaging materials, insulation, and disposable cutlery. It's important to note that some polystyrene products may contain potentially harmful chemicals, such as styrene, which can leach out into food or drink, posing potential health risks. However, the medical community primarily deals with the health effects of exposure to these chemicals rather than defining the material itself.
I apologize for any confusion, but "Pinus ponderosa" is not a medical term. It is the scientific name for a species of pine tree commonly known as the western yellow pine or ponderosa pine. This tree is native to North America and is one of the most widely distributed pine species in the continent.
Here's a brief overview of its botanical characteristics:
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Pinophyta
Class: Pinopsida
Order: Pinales
Family: Pinaceae
Genus: Pinus
Species: P. ponderosa
The ponderosa pine is a large evergreen tree, reaching heights of 150-250 feet (46-76 meters) tall and trunk diameters up to 8 feet (2.4 meters). Its needle-like leaves are grouped in bundles of three, and its cones are long and slender, typically 3-6 inches (7.6-15.2 cm) in length.
If you have any questions related to medical terminology or healthcare topics, please feel free to provide them, and I'd be happy to help.
In a medical context, "resins, plant" refer to the sticky, often aromatic substances produced by certain plants. These resins are typically composed of a mixture of volatile oils, terpenes, and rosin acids. They may be present in various parts of the plant, including leaves, stems, and roots, and are often found in specialized structures such as glands or ducts.
Plant resins have been used for centuries in traditional medicine and other applications. Some resins have antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, or analgesic properties and have been used to treat a variety of ailments, including skin conditions, respiratory infections, and pain.
Examples of plant resins with medicinal uses include:
* Frankincense (Boswellia spp.) resin has been used in traditional medicine to treat inflammation, arthritis, and asthma.
* Myrrh (Commiphora spp.) resin has been used as an antiseptic, astringent, and anti-inflammatory agent.
* Pine resin has been used topically for its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties.
It's important to note that while some plant resins have demonstrated medicinal benefits, they should be used with caution and under the guidance of a healthcare professional. Some resins can have adverse effects or interact with medications, and it's essential to ensure their safe and effective use.
Composite resins, also known as dental composites or filling materials, are a type of restorative material used in dentistry to restore the function, integrity, and morphology of missing tooth structure. They are called composite resins because they are composed of a combination of materials, including a resin matrix (usually made of bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate or urethane dimethacrylate) and filler particles (commonly made of silica, quartz, or glass).
The composite resins are widely used in modern dentistry due to their excellent esthetic properties, ease of handling, and ability to bond directly to tooth structure. They can be used for a variety of restorative procedures, including direct and indirect fillings, veneers, inlays, onlays, and crowns.
Composite resins are available in various shades and opacities, allowing dentists to match the color and translucency of natural teeth closely. They also have good wear resistance, strength, and durability, making them a popular choice for both anterior and posterior restorations. However, composite resins may be prone to staining over time and may require more frequent replacement compared to other types of restorative materials.
Acrylic resins are a type of synthetic polymer made from methacrylate monomers. They are widely used in various industrial, commercial, and medical applications due to their unique properties such as transparency, durability, resistance to breakage, and ease of coloring or molding. In the medical field, acrylic resins are often used to make dental restorations like false teeth and fillings, medical devices like intraocular lenses, and surgical instruments. They can also be found in orthopedic implants, bone cement, and other medical-grade plastics. Acrylic resins are biocompatible, meaning they do not typically cause adverse reactions when in contact with living tissue. However, they may release small amounts of potentially toxic chemicals over time, so their long-term safety in certain applications is still a subject of ongoing research.
Ion exchange is not a medical term per se, but it is a process that is used in various medical and healthcare applications. Here's a general definition:
Ion exchange is a reversible chemical reaction where ions are exchanged between two electrolytes or between an electrolyte and a solid phase. In the context of medical and healthcare applications, ion exchange resins are often used to remove unwanted ions or to add beneficial ones in various settings such as water treatment, dialysis, and drug delivery systems.
In water treatment, for example, ion exchange resins can be used to soften hard water by exchanging calcium and magnesium ions with sodium ions. In hemodialysis, ion exchange membranes are used to selectively remove waste products and excess fluids from the blood of patients with kidney failure. Ion exchange resins are also used in some drug delivery systems to control the release of drugs in a targeted and sustained manner.
Solubility is a fundamental concept in pharmaceutical sciences and medicine, which refers to the maximum amount of a substance (solute) that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent (usually water) at a specific temperature and pressure. Solubility is typically expressed as mass of solute per volume or mass of solvent (e.g., grams per liter, milligrams per milliliter). The process of dissolving a solute in a solvent results in a homogeneous solution where the solute particles are dispersed uniformly throughout the solvent.
Understanding the solubility of drugs is crucial for their formulation, administration, and therapeutic effectiveness. Drugs with low solubility may not dissolve sufficiently to produce the desired pharmacological effect, while those with high solubility might lead to rapid absorption and short duration of action. Therefore, optimizing drug solubility through various techniques like particle size reduction, salt formation, or solubilization is an essential aspect of drug development and delivery.
Bentonite is not a medical term, but a geological one. It refers to a type of clay that is composed primarily of montmorillonite, a soft phyllosilicate mineral. Bentonite has a wide range of uses, including as a binding agent in the manufacture of medicines, as an absorbent in cat litter and personal care products, and as a component in drilling muds and cement mixtures.
In medical contexts, bentonite is sometimes used as a bulk-forming laxative to treat constipation or irregularity. It works by absorbing water and increasing the size and weight of stool, which stimulates bowel movements. However, it's important to note that bentonite should only be used under the guidance of a healthcare professional, as it can interfere with the absorption of certain medications and may cause side effects such as bloating, gas, and diarrhea.
Counterion
Hyperkalemia
Perovskite solar cell
Feline leukemia virus
Ion chromatography
Einsteinium
Mendelevium
Diethyl maleate
Hydrochloric acid
Potassium binder
Ion-exchange resin
Electrodeionization
Ion exchange
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Feline immunodeficiency virus
Ion-exchange membrane
Ian Croudace
Purified water
Microbial biodegradation
Sulfolane
Michael McKubre
Cottam power stations
Dealkalization of water
Berkelium
High-performance liquid chromatography
Actinium
Hydrometallurgy
Acid mine drainage
Scandium-44
List of MeSH codes (D27)
D4548 Standard Test Method for Anion-Cation Balance of Mixed Bed Ion-Exchange Resins
Dissolution and Degradation of Spent Radioactive Cation Exchange Resin by Fenton Oxidation Combining Microwave
AG 50W-X2 Cation Exchange Resin, analytical grade, 100-200 mesh, hydrogen form, 10 kg #1421242 | Bio-Rad
Weak Acid Cation Macroporous Ion Exchange Resin | Purolite | www.purolite.com
cation exchange resin-Chengdu Senger Environmental Protection Technology
Ion Exchange Resin, Cation Exchange Resin, Anion Exchange Resin - Dongli
Preparation of palm (Elaeis oleifera) pressed fibre cellulose nanocrystals via cation exchange resin: characterisation and...
Mitsubishi DIAION™ UBKN1 Strongly Acidic Cation Exchange Resin Data Sheet - Biokal Chromatography & Purification Solutions
Mitsubishi DIAION™ SK1BL Strongly Acidic Cation Exchange Resin Data Sheet - Biokal Chromatography & Purification Solutions
Risk of Hospitalization for Serious Adverse Gastrointestinal Events Associated With Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate Use in...
TC008FG-Na Food Grade high capacity gel type strong acid cation exchange resin - Sodium form - Canftech
ADSORPTION METHOD FOR SEPARATING THORIUM VALUES FROM URANIUM VALUES (Patent) | DOE Patents
DailyMed - LEVOTHYROXINE SODIUM tablet
Electrodeionization 1: migration of nickel ions absorbed in a rigid, macroporous cation-exchange resin<...
Window Cleaning Resin|Mixed Bed High Capacity Anion & Cation mixture|ideal For Portable Exchange DI Systems with High Total...
USP L22 A cation-exchange resin made of porous polystyrene gel with sulfonic acid groups, about 10 µm in size |
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ION EXCHANGE RESIN SOFTENER (CATIONS RESIN) Small T Water Filter Filter Series Johor, Malaysia, Simpang Renggam Supplier,...
Counterion - Wikipedia
Creator: Schechter, David Charles / Language: English / Genre: Articles / Publisher: Association of Military Surgeons of the...
World Ion Exchange Resins Industry
Konstantinos KONTOGIANNOPOULOS | Research Assistant | PhD | Hellenic Agricultural Organization - Demeter, Athens | ELGO | Soil...
AmberChrom™ 1X8 50-100 MESH (CL-) Anion | 69011-19-4
water softener chemistry - water softener chemistry Manufacturer
Photoinduced hydrogen release from hydrogen boride sheets | Nature Communications
Nutrients | Free Full-Text | Potassium Metabolism and Management in Patients with CKD
Omnipure Q5554-C100E Q-Series Softening - 10' 600 grains Filter
- Fresh Water Systems
Improving Protein Production Processes
Frontiers | Production of Mass-Separated Erbium-169 Towards the First Preclinical in vitro Investigations
Magyar Szabványügyi Testület > Szabványosítás > Hírek > 2023 > 01 > 2022-ben kiadott európai szabvány jellegű dokumentumok (CEN...
Acidic cation excha2
- For example, the polymers of styrene and divinylbenzene are sulfonated to form strong acidic cation exchange resin. (sgrhb.com)
- DIAION™ SK1BL is a gel type strongly acidic cation exchange resin. (biokal.com)
Anion-exchange resins3
- 5.2 This test method is intended for mixtures of ion-exchange materials that have salt-splitting capacity as measured by Test Method E of Test Methods and Practices D2187 for cation-exchange resins, and Test Method H for anion-exchange resins. (astm.org)
- Correspondingly, anion-exchange resins are typically provided in the form of chloride Cl−, which is a highly mobile counteranion. (wikipedia.org)
- The causes for loss of uranium originally adsorbed on strong base anion exchange resins from Rand cyanide residue leach liquors after prolonged passage of such liquors through resin columns were investigated. (unt.edu)
Macroporous4
- Our weak acid cation macroporous ion exchange resin products have fast kinetics and high capacity and similar to all macroporous products have high oxidative resistance and osmotic shock. (purolite.com)
- Weak acid cation macroporous resin products have carboxylic functional groups which give high chemical efficiency in many applications including the removal of bicarbonate alkalinity. (purolite.com)
- Bokhoni bo felletseng ba tlhahiso bo entsoe ka 30000 M3, ho kenyeletsoa semela sa Cation resin, semela sa anion lehoakhoa sa macroporous. (dongli-chem.com)
- AmberLite™ HPR8400 H Ion Exchange Resin is an Acrylic, Macroporous, Weak Acid Cation Exchange Resin for Industrial Demineralization, Softening, and Dealkalization Applications. (dupont.com)
Polystyrene2
- Do not heat sodium polystyrene sulfonate as it could alter the exchange properties of the resin. (nih.gov)
- C108FMDQ(Na) resin is a high-capacity, conventional gel polystyrene strong acid cation exchange resin designed for use in residential or industrial water softening equipment. (complete-water.com)
Ions7
- Most of them contain acid groups such as sulfonate (- SO3H), carboxyl (- COOH) or phenol (- C6H4OH), in which hydrogen ions can be exchanged with metal ions or other cations in solution. (sgrhb.com)
- The removal of nickel ions from a packed bed of ion-exchange material under an applied potential is studied. (tue.nl)
- Counterions are the mobile ions in ion exchange polymers and colloids. (wikipedia.org)
- resin to remove calcium and magnesium ions in water and reduce raw water hardness in order to soften hard water and avoid carbonates fouling in the pipeline, container and boiler and so on. (fazendomedia.com)
- MgB 2 powder and cation-exchange resin were introduced into an acetonitrile solution, followed by stirring, where Mg 2+ ions of MgB 2 were exchanged with protons from the resin. (nature.com)
- Due to its good cation exchange rate with metals, Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 represents the most promising substrate for potential release of antimicrobial molecule or ions (i.e., silver, copper, and zinc). (hindawi.com)
- 8 Ion exchange resins are solid and suitably insolubilized high molecular weight polyelectrolytes that can exchange their mobile ions of equal charge with the surrounding medium reversibly. (sld.cu)
Polymers2
- In the case of cation-exchange resins, these are styrene-based polymers with sulfonic acid functional groups. (astm.org)
- Ion-exchange resins are polymers with a net negative or positive charge. (wikipedia.org)
Chromatography6
- Use this hydrogen-form resin for gravity or low-pressure chromatography. (bio-rad.com)
- Accelerate your biologic drug development with Praesto ® chromatography resins. (purolite.com)
- various drawbacks have been identified in the purification techniques of ion resin adsorption ( 12 , 13 ), silica gel column chromatography ( 14 ) and supercritical extraction ( 15 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
- High-Performance Anion-Exchange chromatography with Pulsed Amperometric Detection (HPAE-PAD) is a widely used technique for determination of carbohydrates as it removes the need to modify glycans before analysis and ensures high resolution and sensitivity. (thermofisher.com)
- HPAE-PAD - High-Performance Anion Exchange chromatography with Pulsed Amperometric Detection - is a technique that was developed specifically for the separation and detection of carbohydrates. (thermofisher.com)
- High-Performance Anion Exchange (HPAE) chromatography is used to separate analytes that are ionized under high pH conditions, such as carbohydrates (pKas are usually between 12-13). (thermofisher.com)
Composite resins2
- For wHA filled composite resins, several efforts are still necessary to enhance the interphase combination and investigate the overall properties [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Moreover, unlike other aesthetic adhesive materials, such as composite resins, adhesion to dental structures of GIC is less sensitive to technique and its quality increases with time 10 . (bvsalud.org)
Regeneration1
- 5.6 This practice is intended to supplement, not displace, other indicators of resin performance, such as exchange capacity, percent regeneration, and service experience records. (astm.org)
SOFTENER2
- Softener Chemistry for cotton textile auxiliaries weak cation Softening Agent PH value 6.5 Specifications: Appearance: Colorless to yellowish transparent liquid Ionicity: weak cation PH value: 6.5 Content: 60% Solubility: Easily soluble in water Brief Description: The special product silicone smooth softener . (fazendomedia.com)
- The Q5554-C100E is a FDA grade softener resin. (freshwatersystems.com)
Sichuan1
- Sichuan cation exchange resin in winter storage and transportation should be maintained in the temperature environment of 5-40 C, to avoid supercooling or overheating, affecting quality. (sgrhb.com)
Weak3
- When operated in the H form, it will remove only the hardness associated with alkalinity-a weak acid cation resin operated in the H form is well-suited for use with strong acid cation resins to improve overall efficiency and throughput of a demineralization system by reducing the hardness exposure on the strong acid cation resin. (dupont.com)
- In Na-form softening operation, AmberLite HPR8400 H enables improved operating capacity for total hardness versus other weak acid cation resins currently available, which allows more competitive vessel design or extended production capacity when installed in existing systems. (dupont.com)
- In dealkalization, AmberLite HPR8400 H has demonstrated improved operating capacity versus other weak acid cation resins currently available, which allows users to simultaneously minimize operating costs and environmental impacts while also preserving precious raw water resources under the right conditions. (dupont.com)
Sodium2
- In general, the resin is expanded by water, then the inorganic impurities (mainly iron compounds) can be removed by 4-5% dilute hydrochloric acid, and the organic impurities can be removed by 2-4% dilute sodium hydroxide solution and washed to near neutral. (sgrhb.com)
- Cation-exchange resins consist of an anionic polymer with countercations, typically Na+ (sodium). (wikipedia.org)
Solubility3
- Solubility of salts in organic solvents is a function of both the cation and the anion. (wikipedia.org)
- The solubility of cations in organic solvents can be enhanced when the anion is lipophilic. (wikipedia.org)
- Similarly, the solubility of anions in organic solvents is enhanced with lipophilic cations. (wikipedia.org)
Amberlite1
- AmberLite™ Ion Exchange Resins are available in a very wide range of chemical compositions and polymer structures and have been used for decades in a high-value applications including water treatment in industrial and power generation plants. (dupont.com)
Hydrogen4
- It is not necessary that the cation-exchanging resin be in the hydrogen form and the anion-exchanging resin be in the hydroxide form for this test method. (astm.org)
- Hydrochloric acid immersion, then gradually dilution, anion resin vulnerable to organic pollution, can be 10% NaC1 + 2-5% NaOH mixed solution immersion or elution, if necessary, 1% hydrogen peroxide solution bubble for several minutes, other alternative acid-base treatment, bleaching treatment, alcohol treatment and various sterilization methods. (sgrhb.com)
- Hydrogen boride nanosheets (HB sheets) are facilely synthesized via ion-exchange treatment on magnesium diboride (MgB 2 ) in an acetonitrile solution. (nature.com)
- Recently, our group established the synthesis of the hydrogen boride nanosheets (HB sheets) with a well-defined chemical composition using a facile ion-exchange technique in an organic solvent through an exfoliation process 15 . (nature.com)
Particle size2
- DIAION™ UBKN1 is a nuclear grade cation exchange resin with a uniform particle size. (biokal.com)
- The exceptionally high total capacity and the larger particle size of the resin help yield excellent operating capacity with low pressure drop, while reducing chemical regenerant and water usage. (dupont.com)
Degradation5
- Compared with the Fenton (99% after 180 min) and photo-Fenton (90% after 198 min) reactions, this unique microwave-enhanced Fenton reaction has the highest degradation rate for spent radioactive cation exchange resin degradation (98.55% after 60 min). (techscience.com)
- Carbon dioxide, sulfate and small molecular compounds were produced in the degradation of cation exchange resin, as determined by XRD and FT-IR. (techscience.com)
- A model for the microwave-enhanced Fenton degradation mechanism of cation exchange resin was constructed. (techscience.com)
- This paper provides a method for accelerating the treatment of spent radioactive ion exchange resin, which could exert a signifi- cant influence on the degradation pathway for radioactive organic matter. (techscience.com)
- In many cases, however, the anion resins are more likely to experience the types of degradation or fouling that could lead to impaired kinetics. (astm.org)
Strong6
- Choose analytical grade AG 50W-X 2 Resin for strong cation exchange. (bio-rad.com)
- In the use of cation exchange resins, it is necessary to prevent contact with metal (such as iron, copper, etc.) oil pollution, organic molecular microorganisms, strong oxidizers, etc., so as not to reduce the ion exchange capacity or even lose its function. (sgrhb.com)
- Canftech® TC008FG Is a premium food grade gel type strong acid cation exchange resin produced by sulfonated styrene-divinylbenzene (DVB) copolymers in standard Gaussian size distribution. (canftech.com)
- This is accomplished through hydroxide-based eluents and a strong anion-exchange stationary phase. (thermofisher.com)
- Tulsion T-42 is a premium quality strong acid cation exchange resin containing nuclear sulphonic acid groups. (psifilters.com.au)
- CrVI was separated from trivalent- chromium (CrIII) and other cations on a strong anion exchange resin using a slightly basic ammonium-sulfate buffer solution. (cdc.gov)
Hardness1
- The cation exchange softening cartridges reduces hardness and scale deposits. (freshwatersystems.com)
Functional groups2
- The anion-exchanging materials in this class are styrene-based materials with quaternary ammonium functional groups. (astm.org)
- The columns' nonporous resins have small anion-exchange microbeads carrying the anion-exchange functional groups. (thermofisher.com)
Concentration7
- Microwaves were implemented to boost the concentration of hydroxyl radicals in the Fenton reaction so that the cation resin infiltrated and formed a channel to facilitate entrance of hydroxyl groups into the interior of the resin. (techscience.com)
- If there is no thermal insulation equipment in winter, ion exchange resin can be stored in salt water, salt water concentration can be determined according to temperature. (sgrhb.com)
- The bed width, concentration of nickel in the resin and electrolyte concentration were varied. (tue.nl)
- potential taste masking increased with increasing concentration of resin. (sld.cu)
- Prolonged (upto 5 h) and slow drug release was observed with resin 214 at higher concentration. (sld.cu)
- out of three resins chosen, Indion ® 214 at higher concentration exhibit excellent taste masking as well as sustained drug release action. (sld.cu)
- Overview of Disorders of Potassium Concentration Potassium is the most abundant intracellular cation, but only about 2% of total body potassium is extracellular. (msdmanuals.com)
Capacity2
- 1.1 This test method determines the ratio between the equivalents of anion-exchange capacity and the equivalents of cation-exchange capacity present in a physical mixture of salt-splitting anion-exchange material and salt-splitting cation-exchange material. (astm.org)
- It has excellent chemical, physical and thermal stability, and high exchange capacity. (canftech.com)
Ratio3
- 5.3 It is recommended that the practice be followed with the resin ratio, flow rate, and influent quality as indicated. (astm.org)
- complexation technique is used to prepare complexes of drug where ion exchange resins such as Indion ® 214, Indion ® 234 and Indion ® 414 were used with a drug-resin ratio of 1:0.5, 1:1, 1:2. (sld.cu)
- Percent of drug loading was maximum at drug : resin ratio of 1:1, after that it decreased. (sld.cu)
Potassium2
- Potassium (K), the main cation inside cells, plays roles in maintaining cellular osmolarity and acid-base equilibrium, as well as nerve stimulation transmission, and regulation of cardiac and muscle functions. (mdpi.com)
- Cation-Donating Antacids: may reduce the resin's potassium exchange capability and increase risk of systemic alkalosis ( 7.2 ). (nih.gov)
Ionic2
- Separation is achieved by utilizing differences in ionic interactions between the cation exchange group on the column resin surface and the hemoglobin components. (cdc.gov)
- We examined the ionic COF Py-BPy2+-COF as an ion exchange material for biomolecule separation. (bvsalud.org)
Purification1
- We are a world leader in resin-based separation, purification and extraction technology, that provides sustainable solutions for our environment, businesses and healthcare. (purolite.com)
Calcium1
- The resin has a higher affinity for highly charged countercations, for example by Ca2+ (calcium) in the case of water softening. (wikipedia.org)
Mixture1
- The test method will determine the amount of anion-exchange material of any functionality present in the mixture. (astm.org)
Particles2
- This process involves the use of an electrodialysis type cell in which the centre compartment is filled with a packed bed of ion-exchange particles. (tue.nl)
- This information is of primary interest in order to achieve a final consistency and specific formulation of hydroxyapatite whiskers mixed with silica particles filler in resin composite. (hindawi.com)
Kinetics2
- Its good ion exchange kinetics gives high efficiency for uses in both regenerable softeners and non-regenerable cartridges. (canftech.com)
- 5.4 It is possible that the cation resin could experience kinetics problems. (astm.org)
Regenerable1
- 5.1 This test method is applicable to the analysis of new materials that are sold as mixtures and to samples taken from regenerable units containing mixtures of anion-exchanging and cation-exchanging materials. (astm.org)
Silica1
- In fact, it was shown that the incorporation of hydroxyapatite with whiskers morphology can provide larger load transfer and favor toughening mechanisms, thus, increasing flexural modulus and fracture toughness of resins in comparison with conventional silica based fillers [ 6 - 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
Separation2
- The nonporous nature of the resin minimizes band-broadening and allows for highly effective separation of a wide variety of carbohydrates, including branched oligosaccharides. (thermofisher.com)
- Overall, the results demonstrated that Py-BPy2+-COF can be exploited as a robust crystalline anion exchange biomolecule separation material. (bvsalud.org)
Beads1
- As a global leader in resin technology, we develop and manufacture small beads that are used in the most regulated industries in the world to separate, remove or recover very specific elements and compounds. (purolite.com)
Beds1
- 1.1 This practice is intended to evaluate changes in kinetic performance of ion exchange resins used in mixed beds to produce high purity water. (astm.org)
Generally1
- Generally, the cationic resins are vulnerable to Fe pollution in softening process. (sgrhb.com)
Industrial2
- The industrial products of cation exchange resins often contain a small amount of oligomers and monomers that do not participate in the reaction, as well as inorganic impurities such as iron, lead and copper. (sgrhb.com)
- It is a high-quality resin for use in industrial demineralization and softening applications when high performance and cost-effective operation is required. (dupont.com)
Structure1
- Its structure can be simply expressed as R-SO3H, in which R represents the resin matrix. (sgrhb.com)
Water3
- The exchange principle of cation exchange resin is 2R-SO3H+Ca2+-(R-SO3)2Ca+2H+, which is also the principle of hard water softening. (sgrhb.com)
- When the resin is in contact with water, acid, alkali or other solutions, the above substances will be transferred into the solution, affecting the quality of the effluent. (sgrhb.com)
- BASF SEEichrom Technologies, Inc.Evoqua Water TechnologiesFinex OyIon Exchange ( India ) Ltd. (prnewswire.com)
Chemistry1
- Tetraphenylphosphonium chloride (C6H5)4PCl, abbreviated Ph4PCl or PPh4Cl is the chloride of a symmetrical phosphonium cation that is often used in organometallic chemistry. (wikipedia.org)
Extraction2
- AmberChrom ™ 1X8 is a strongly basic anion exchange resin which is used as an absorbent in solid phase extraction. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- CrVI was extracted from standard solutions and simulated samples and retained on an ion exchange resin via ultrasonic extraction in alkaline solution. (cdc.gov)
Solutions2
- For measurements in nonaqueous solutions, salts composed of both lipophilic cations and anions are employed, e.g., tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate. (wikipedia.org)
- Breakthrough of CrVI from the anion exchange resin and recovery of CrVI were examined by separating, eluting, and analyzing solutions of various buffer strengths spiked with CrVI and CrIII. (cdc.gov)
Small2
- As illustrated by the small counteranion tetrafluoroborate (BF− 4), lipophilic cations tend to be symmetric and singly charged. (wikipedia.org)
- These small anion-exchange microbeads are permanently attached electrostatically to a larger cation-exchange resin particle. (thermofisher.com)
Chemical1
- Bengbu Dongli Chemical Co., Ltd.ke moetsi ea ka sehloohong oa li-resin tsa phapanyetsano ea maemo a phahameng tsa China. (dongli-chem.com)
Solution1
- Over 95% of the CrVI was eluted from the anion exchange resin using 5 milliliters of the buffer solution containing 0.1M ammonium and 0.5M ammonium-sulfate. (cdc.gov)
Types1
- Within strict limitations, it also may be used for comparing resin of different types. (astm.org)
Properties1
- Nowadays, in order to avoid limits affecting long-term durability of resin composites, dental materials companies are focusing their attention on the improvement of the mechanical and biological properties of filler. (hindawi.com)
Method2
- This study introduced a significantly effective approach called the microwave-enhanced Fenton method to degrade spent radioactive cation exchange resin. (techscience.com)
- A number of methods have been reported for masking the bitter taste, such as use of ion-exchange resins, 1 use of inclusion complexes with cyclodextrins, 2 viscosity modifications 3 melt granulation, 4 microencapsulation techniques like spray-drying, 5 spray-congealing, 6 coacervation 7 and solvent evaporation method. (sld.cu)
