Carrageenan
Edema
Pleurisy
Hyperalgesia
Inflammation
Zinc Acetate
Pain
Excipients
Chondroitinsulfatases
Anti-Infective Agents, Local
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal
Hindlimb
Kaolin
Diclofenac
Pain Measurement
N-Acetylgalactosamine-4-Sulfatase
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Nociceptors
Rats, Wistar
Bornanes
Food Additives
Hyperesthesia
Rhodophyta
Peroxidase
Characterization of the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of ketorolac and its enantiomers in the rat. (1/905)
The marked analgesic efficacy of ketorolac in humans, relative to other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), has lead to speculation as to whether additional non-NSAID mechanism(s) contribute to its analgesic actions. To evaluate this possibility, we characterized (R,S)-ketorolac's pharmacological properties in vivo and in vitro using the nonselective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors [indomethacin (INDO) and diclofenac sodium (DS)] as well as the selective COX-2 inhibitor, celecoxib, as references. The potency of racemic (R,S)-ketorolac was similar in tests of acetic acid-induced writhing, carrageenan-induced paw hyperalgesia, and carrageenan-induced edema formation in rats; ID50 values = 0.24, 0. 29, and 0.08 mg/kg, respectively. (R,S)-ketorolac's actions were stereospecific, with (S)-ketorolac possessing the biological activity of the racemate in the above tests. The analgesic potencies for (R,S)-, (S)-, and (R)-ketorolac, INDO, and DS were highly correlated with their anti-inflammatory potencies, suggesting a common mechanism. (R,S)-ketorolac was significantly more potent than INDO or DS in vivo. Neither difference in relative potency of COX inhibition for (R,S)-ketorolac over INDO and DS nor activity of (S)-ketorolac at a number of other enzymes, channels, or receptors could account for the differences in observed potency. The distribution coefficient for (R,S)-ketorolac was approximately 30-fold less than for DS or INDO, indicating that (R,S)-ketorolac is much less lipophilic than these NSAIDs. Therefore, the physicochemical and pharmacokinetics properties of (R,S)-ketorolac may optimize the concentrations of (S)-ketorolac at its biological target(s), resulting in greater efficacy and potency in vivo. (+info)Cytokine-mediated inflammatory hyperalgesia limited by interleukin-4. (2/905)
1. The effect of IL-4 on responses to intraplantar (i.pl.) carrageenin, bradykinin, TNFalpha, IL-1beta, IL-8 and PGE2 was investigated in a model of mechanical hyperalgesia in rats. Also, the cellular source of the IL-4 was investigated. 2. IL-4, 30 min before the stimulus, inhibited responses to carrageenin, bradykinin, and TNFalpha, but not responses to IL-1beta, IL-8 and PGE2. 3. IL-4, 2 h before the injection of IL-1beta, did not affect the response to IL-1beta, whereas IL-4, 12 or 12+2 h before the IL-1beta, inhibited the hyperalgesia (-30%, -74%, respectively). 4. In murine peritoneal macrophages, murine IL-4 for 2 h before stimulation with LPS, inhibited (-40%) the production of IL-1beta but not PGE2. Murine IL-4 (for 16 h before stimulation with LPS) inhibited LPS-stimulated PGE2 but not IL-1beta. 5. Anti-murine IL-4 antibodies potentiated responses to carrageenin, bradykinin and TNFalpha, but not IL-1beta and IL-8, as well as responses to bradykinin in athymic rats but not in rats depleted of mast cells with compound 40/80. 6. These data suggest that IL-4 released by mast cells limits inflammatory hyperalgesia. During the early phase of the inflammatory response the mode of action of the IL-4 appears to be inhibition of the production TNFalpha, IL-1beta and IL-8. In the later phase of the response, in addition to inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-4 also may inhibit the release of PGs. (+info)The effects of inflammation and inflammatory mediators on nociceptive behaviour induced by ATP analogues in the rat. (3/905)
1. We have studied the behavioural effects of intraplantar injections of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) and related compounds in freely moving rats and investigated whether these nociceptive effects are augmented in the presence of inflammatory mediators. 2. We find that in normal animals ATP and analogues produce dose-dependent nocifensive behaviour (seen as bursts of elevation of the treated hindpaw), and localized thermal hyperalgesia. The rank order of potency was: alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate (alpha,beta-methylene ATP) > 2-methylthioadenosine triphosphate (2-methylthio ATP) > ATP. After neonatal treatment with capsaicin, to destroy small calibre primary sensory neurones, nocifensive behaviour was largely absent. 3. The effects of ATP analogues were assessed in three models of peripheral sensitization: 2 h after dilute intraplantar carrageenan (0.25% w v(-1)); 24 h after irradiation of the hindpaw with ultraviolet (U.V.) B; immediately following prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) treatment. In all models the effect of alpha,beta-methylene ATP was greatly augmented. After carrageenan, significant hindpaw-lifting behaviour activity was induced by injection of only 0.05 nmol of alpha,beta-methylene ATP, some 100 times less than necessary in normal skin. 4. Our data suggest that it is much more likely that endogenous levels of ATP will reach levels capable of exciting nociceptors in inflamed versus normal skin. Our data also suggest the involvement of P2X3 receptor subunits in ATP-induced nociception. (+info)Effect of sodium glycyrrhetinate on chemical peritonitis in rats. (4/905)
AIM: To study the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of sodium glycyrrhetinate (SG). METHODS: Rat chemical peritonitis was used. The protein content and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) content in exudate were measured by Folin-phenol assay and RIA, respectively. SOD activity in neutrophils (Neu) was determined by pyrogallol-NBT colorimetry. cAMP content in Neu was detected by competitive protein binding assay. RESULTS: In peritonitis caused by histamine, SG 10-20 mg.kg-1 i.m. reduced exudate volume and Neu counts, and 5-20 mg.kg-1 i.m. lowered the protein content in exudate. In peritonitis induced by carrageenan, SG 20 mg.kg-1 i.m. reduced exudate volume, Neu counts, protein content and PGE2 content in exudate, increased SOD activity in Neu, but did not affect beta-glucuronidase release from Neu. In peritonitis induced by arachidonic acid, SG 20 mg.kg-1 i.m. reduced Neu counts, protein content, and PGE2 content in exudate, and attenuated the reduction of cAMP level in Neu. CONCLUSION: SG exerts its anti-inflammatory action by lowering permeability of capillaries in inflammatory site, inhibiting Neu emigration and PGE2 biosynthesis, and scavenging oxygen free radicals. (+info)Beneficial effects of raxofelast (IRFI 016), a new hydrophilic vitamin E-like antioxidant, in carrageenan-induced pleurisy. (5/905)
1. Peroxynitrite is a strong oxidant that results from reaction between NO and superoxide. It has been recently proposed that peroxynitrite plays a pathogenetic role in inflammatory processes. Here we have investigated the therapeutic efficacy of raxofelast, a new hydrophilic vitamin E-like antioxidant agent, in rats subjected to carrageenan-induced pleurisy. 2. In vivo treatment with raxofelast (5, 10, 20 mg kg(-1) intraperitoneally 5 min before carrageenan) prevented in a dose dependent manner carrageenan-induced pleural exudation and polymorphonuclear migration in rats subjected to carrageenan-induced pleurisy. Lung myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, as well as histological organ injury were significantly reduced by raxofelast. 3. Immunohistochemical analysis for nitrotyrosine, a footprint of peroxynitrite, revealed a positive staining in lungs from carrageenan-treated rats. No positive nitrotyrosine staining was found in the lungs of the carrageenan-treated rats, which received raxofelast (20 mg kg 1) treatment. 4. Furthermore, in vivo raxofelast (5, 10, 20 mg kg(-1)) treatment significantly reduced peroxynitrite formation as measured by the oxidation of the fluorescent dihydrorhodamine 123, prevented the appearance of DNA damage, the decrease in mitochondrial respiration and partially restored the cellular level of NAD+ in ex vivo macrophages harvested from the pleural cavity of rats subjected to carrageenan-induced pleurisy. 5. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that raxofelast, a new hydrophilic vitamin E-like antioxidant agent, exerts multiple protective effects in carrageenan-induced acute inflammation. (+info)Bradykinin B1 and B2 receptors, tumour necrosis factor alpha and inflammatory hyperalgesia. (6/905)
The effects of BK agonists and antagonists, and other hyperalgesic/antihyperalgesic drugs were measured (3 h after injection of hyperalgesic drugs) in a model of mechanical hyperalgesia (the end-point of which was indicated by a brief apnoea, the retraction of the head and forepaws, and muscular tremor). DALBK inhibited responses to carrageenin, bradykinin, DABK, and kallidin. Responses to kallidin and DABK were inhibited by indomethacin or atenolol and abolished by the combination of indomethacin + atenolol. DALBK or HOE 140, given 30 min before, but not 2 h after, carrageenin, BK, DABK and kallidin reduced hyperalgesic responses to these agents. A small dose of DABK+ a small dose of BK evoked a response similar to the response to a much larger dose of DABK or BK, given alone. Responses to BK were antagonized by HOE 140 whereas DALBK antagonized only responses to larger doses of BK. The combination of a small dose of DALBK with a small dose of HOE 140 abolished the response to BK. The hyperalgesic response to LPS (1 microg) was inhibited by DALBK or HOE 140 and abolished by DALBK + HOE 140. The hyperalgesic response to LPS (5 microg) was not antagonized by DALBK + HOE 140. These data suggest: (a) a predominant role for B2 receptors in mediating hyperalgesic responses to BK and to drugs that stimulate BK release, and (b) activation of the hyperalgesic cytokine cascade independently of both B1 and B2 receptors if the hyperalgesic stimulus is of sufficient magnitude. (+info)Limited anti-inflammatory efficacy of cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibition in carrageenan-airpouch inflammation. (7/905)
1. Cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) is expressed at sites of inflammation and is believed to be the major source of inflammation-associated prostaglandin synthesis. Selective inhibition of COX-2 has been suggested to produce anti-inflammatory effects with reduced toxicity in the gastrointestinal tract. We examined the extent to which suppression of COX-2 led to inhibition of various components of inflammation in the carrageenan-airpouch model in the rat. 2. Indomethacin (> or =0.3 mg kg(-1)), nimesulide (> or =3 mg kg(-1)) and the selective COX-2 inhibitor, SC-58125 (> or =0.3 mg kg(-1)), significantly suppressed the production of prostaglandin E2 at the site of inflammation. At higher doses, indomethacin (> or =1 mg kg(-1)) and nimesulide (30 mg kg(-1)), but not SC-58125 (up to 10 mg kg(-1)), significantly inhibited COX-1 activity (as measured by whole blood thromboxane synthesis). 3. All three test drugs significantly reduced the volume of exudate in the airpouch, but only at doses greater than those required for substantial (>90%) suppression of COX-2 activity. Similarly, reduction of leukocyte infiltration was only observed with the doses of indomethacin and nimesulide that caused significant suppression of COX-1 activity. 4. SC-58125 did not significantly affect leukocyte infiltration into the airpouch at any dose tested (up to 10 mg kg(-1)). A second selective COX-2 inhibitor, Dup-697, was also found to suppress exudate PGE2 levels without significant effects on leukocyte infiltration. 5. These results indicate that selective inhibition of COX-2 results in profound suppression of PGE2 synthesis in the carrageenan-airpouch, but does not affect leukocyte infiltration. Exudate volume was only reduced with the highly selective COX-2 inhibitor when a dose far above that necessary for suppression of COX-2 activity was used. Inhibition of leukocyte infiltration was observed with indomethacin and nimesulide, but only at doses that inhibited both COX-1 and COX-2. (+info)Spinal blockade of opioid receptors prevents the analgesia produced by TENS in arthritic rats. (8/905)
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is commonly used for relief of pain. The literature on the clinical application of TENS is extensive. However, surprisingly few reports have addressed the neurophysiological basis for the actions of TENS. The gate control theory of pain is typically used to explain the actions of high-frequency TENS, whereas, low-frequency TENS is typically explained by release of endogenous opioids. The current study investigated the role of mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors in antihyperalgesia produced by low- and high-frequency TENS by using an animal model of inflammation. Antagonists to mu (naloxone), delta (naltrinodole), or kappa (nor-binaltorphimine) opioid receptors were delivered to the spinal cord by microdialysis. Joint inflammation was induced by injection of kaolin and carrageenan into the knee-joint cavity. Withdrawal latency to heat was assessed before inflammation, during inflammation, after drug (or artificial cerebral spinal fluid as a control) administration, and after drug (or artificial cerebral spinal fluid) administration + TENS. Either high- (100 Hz) or low- frequency (4 Hz) TENS produced approximately 100% inhibition of hyperalgesia. Low doses of naloxone, selective for mu opioid receptors, blocked the antihyperalgesia produced by low-frequency TENS. High doses of naloxone, which also block delta and kappa opioid receptors, prevented the antihyperalgesia produced by high-frequency TENS. Spinal blockade of delta opioid receptors dose-dependently prevented the antihyperalgesia produced by high-frequency TENS. In contrast, blockade of kappa opioid receptors had no effect on the antihyperalgesia produced by either low- or high-frequency TENS. Thus, low-frequency TENS produces antihyperalgesia through mu opioid receptors and high-frequency TENS produces antihyperalgesia through delta opioid receptors in the spinal cord. (+info)Carriageenans are a family of linear sulfated polysaccharides that are extracted from red edible seaweeds. They have been widely used in the food industry as thickening, gelling, and stabilizing agents. In the medical field, they have been studied for their potential therapeutic applications, such as in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders and inflammation. However, some studies have suggested that certain types of carriageenans may have negative health effects, including promoting inflammation and damaging the gut lining. Therefore, more research is needed to fully understand their safety and efficacy.
Edema is the medical term for swelling caused by excess fluid accumulation in the body tissues. It can affect any part of the body, but it's most commonly noticed in the hands, feet, ankles, and legs. Edema can be a symptom of various underlying medical conditions, such as heart failure, kidney disease, liver disease, or venous insufficiency.
The swelling occurs when the capillaries leak fluid into the surrounding tissues, causing them to become swollen and puffy. The excess fluid can also collect in the cavities of the body, leading to conditions such as pleural effusion (fluid around the lungs) or ascites (fluid in the abdominal cavity).
The severity of edema can vary from mild to severe, and it may be accompanied by other symptoms such as skin discoloration, stiffness, and pain. Treatment for edema depends on the underlying cause and may include medications, lifestyle changes, or medical procedures.
Pleurisy is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the pleura, which are the thin membranes that surround the lungs and line the inside of the chest cavity. The pleura normally produce a small amount of lubricating fluid that allows for smooth movement of the lungs during breathing. However, when they become inflamed (a condition known as pleuritis), this can cause pain and difficulty breathing.
The symptoms of pleurisy may include sharp chest pain that worsens with deep breathing or coughing, shortness of breath, cough, fever, and muscle aches. The pain may be localized to one area of the chest or may radiate to other areas such as the shoulders or back.
Pleurisy can have many different causes, including bacterial or viral infections, autoimmune disorders, pulmonary embolism (a blood clot that travels to the lungs), and certain medications or chemicals. Treatment typically involves addressing the underlying cause of the inflammation, as well as managing symptoms such as pain and breathing difficulties with medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or opioids. In some cases, more invasive treatments such as thoracentesis (removal of fluid from the chest cavity) may be necessary.
Hyperalgesia is a medical term that describes an increased sensitivity to pain. It occurs when the nervous system, specifically the nociceptors (pain receptors), become excessively sensitive to stimuli. This means that a person experiences pain from a stimulus that normally wouldn't cause pain or experiences pain that is more intense than usual. Hyperalgesia can be a result of various conditions such as nerve damage, inflammation, or certain medications. It's an important symptom to monitor in patients with chronic pain conditions, as it may indicate the development of tolerance or addiction to pain medication.
Anti-inflammatory agents are a class of drugs or substances that reduce inflammation in the body. They work by inhibiting the production of inflammatory mediators, such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes, which are released during an immune response and contribute to symptoms like pain, swelling, redness, and warmth.
There are two main types of anti-inflammatory agents: steroidal and nonsteroidal. Steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (SAIDs) include corticosteroids, which mimic the effects of hormones produced by the adrenal gland. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a larger group that includes both prescription and over-the-counter medications, such as aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, and celecoxib.
While both types of anti-inflammatory agents can be effective in reducing inflammation and relieving symptoms, they differ in their mechanisms of action, side effects, and potential risks. Long-term use of NSAIDs, for example, can increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding, kidney damage, and cardiovascular events. Corticosteroids can have significant side effects as well, particularly with long-term use, including weight gain, mood changes, and increased susceptibility to infections.
It's important to use anti-inflammatory agents only as directed by a healthcare provider, and to be aware of potential risks and interactions with other medications or health conditions.
Analgesics are a class of drugs that are used to relieve pain. They work by blocking the transmission of pain signals in the nervous system, allowing individuals to manage their pain levels more effectively. There are many different types of analgesics available, including both prescription and over-the-counter options. Some common examples include acetaminophen (Tylenol), ibuprofen (Advil or Motrin), and opioids such as morphine or oxycodone.
The choice of analgesic will depend on several factors, including the type and severity of pain being experienced, any underlying medical conditions, potential drug interactions, and individual patient preferences. It is important to use these medications as directed by a healthcare provider, as misuse or overuse can lead to serious side effects and potential addiction.
In addition to their pain-relieving properties, some analgesics may also have additional benefits such as reducing inflammation (like in the case of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or NSAIDs) or causing sedation (as with certain opioids). However, it is essential to weigh these potential benefits against the risks and side effects associated with each medication.
When used appropriately, analgesics can significantly improve a person's quality of life by helping them manage their pain effectively and allowing them to engage in daily activities more comfortably.
Inflammation is a complex biological response of tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants. It is characterized by the following signs: rubor (redness), tumor (swelling), calor (heat), dolor (pain), and functio laesa (loss of function). The process involves the activation of the immune system, recruitment of white blood cells, and release of inflammatory mediators, which contribute to the elimination of the injurious stimuli and initiation of the healing process. However, uncontrolled or chronic inflammation can also lead to tissue damage and diseases.
Zinc acetate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Zn(C2H3O2)2. It is a white, crystalline salt that is highly soluble in water and readily forms dihydrates. Zinc acetate is used as a dietary supplement and as a topical treatment for various medical conditions such as cold sores, throat irritations, and skin disorders.
In the medical field, zinc acetate is commonly found in lozenges and nasal sprays that are used to reduce the severity and duration of the common cold. It has been shown to have antimicrobial properties and can help to boost the immune system. Additionally, zinc acetate is also used in the treatment of Wilson's disease, a rare genetic disorder that causes copper to accumulate in the body. By binding to copper, zinc acetate helps to remove excess copper from the body.
It's important to note that excessive intake of zinc can lead to adverse effects such as nausea, vomiting, and other gastrointestinal symptoms. Therefore, it is recommended to follow the dosage instructions carefully when taking zinc acetate or any other zinc supplement.
Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage. It is a complex phenomenon that can result from various stimuli, such as thermal, mechanical, or chemical irritation, and it can be acute or chronic. The perception of pain involves the activation of specialized nerve cells called nociceptors, which transmit signals to the brain via the spinal cord. These signals are then processed in different regions of the brain, leading to the conscious experience of pain. It's important to note that pain is a highly individual and subjective experience, and its perception can vary widely among individuals.
Pain threshold is a term used in medicine and research to describe the point at which a stimulus begins to be perceived as painful. It is an individual's subjective response and can vary from person to person based on factors such as their pain tolerance, mood, expectations, and cultural background.
The pain threshold is typically determined through a series of tests where gradually increasing levels of stimuli are applied until the individual reports feeling pain. This is often used in research settings to study pain perception and analgesic efficacy. However, it's important to note that the pain threshold should not be confused with pain tolerance, which refers to the maximum level of pain a person can endure.
I apologize for any confusion, but "Lecythidaceae" is not a medical term. It is a taxonomic category in botany, referring to a family of flowering plants known as the Brazil nut family. This family includes several genera of trees that are native to tropical regions of the Americas and Africa. The seeds of some species in this family, such as the Brazil nut tree (Bertholletia excelsa), are edible and economically important.
If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health sciences, I would be happy to help!
Excipients are inactive substances that serve as vehicles or mediums for the active ingredients in medications. They make up the bulk of a pharmaceutical formulation and help to stabilize, preserve, and enhance the delivery of the active drug compound. Common examples of excipients include binders, fillers, coatings, disintegrants, flavors, sweeteners, and colors. While excipients are generally considered safe and inert, they can sometimes cause allergic reactions or other adverse effects in certain individuals.
Chondroitin sulfatases are a group of enzymes that break down chondroitin sulfate, which is a type of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) found in connective tissues such as cartilage, bone, and skin. Glycosaminoglycans are long, complex chains of sugars that help provide structure, hydration, and elasticity to these tissues.
Chondroitin sulfate is composed of alternating units of glucuronic acid and N-acetylgalactosamine, with various sulfate groups attached at different positions along the chain. Chondroitin sulfatases cleave specific bonds within this structure to help regulate the turnover and remodeling of GAGs in tissues.
There are several types of chondroitin sulfatases (designated as chondroitin sulfatase A, B, C, D, etc.), each with distinct substrate specificities and cellular localizations. Defects in these enzymes can lead to various genetic disorders, such as skeletal dysplasias and neurodegenerative diseases, due to the accumulation of unprocessed or partially degraded chondroitin sulfate in tissues.
Anti-infective agents, local, are medications that are applied directly to a specific area of the body to prevent or treat infections caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses, or parasites. These agents include topical antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals, and anti-parasitic drugs. They work by killing or inhibiting the growth of the infectious organisms, thereby preventing their spread and reducing the risk of infection. Local anti-infective agents are often used to treat skin infections, eye infections, and other localized infections, and can be administered as creams, ointments, gels, solutions, or drops.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs) are a class of medications that reduce pain, inflammation, and fever. They work by inhibiting the activity of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, which are involved in the production of prostaglandins, chemicals that contribute to inflammation and cause blood vessels to dilate and become more permeable, leading to symptoms such as pain, redness, warmth, and swelling.
NSAIDs are commonly used to treat a variety of conditions, including arthritis, muscle strains and sprains, menstrual cramps, headaches, and fever. Some examples of NSAIDs include aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, and celecoxib.
While NSAIDs are generally safe and effective when used as directed, they can have side effects, particularly when taken in large doses or for long periods of time. Common side effects include stomach ulcers, gastrointestinal bleeding, and increased risk of heart attack and stroke. It is important to follow the recommended dosage and consult with a healthcare provider if you have any concerns about using NSAIDs.
A hindlimb, also known as a posterior limb, is one of the pair of extremities that are located distally to the trunk in tetrapods (four-legged vertebrates) and include mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians. In humans and other primates, hindlimbs are equivalent to the lower limbs, which consist of the thigh, leg, foot, and toes.
The primary function of hindlimbs is locomotion, allowing animals to move from one place to another. However, they also play a role in other activities such as balance, support, and communication. In humans, the hindlimbs are responsible for weight-bearing, standing, walking, running, and jumping.
In medical terminology, the term "hindlimb" is not commonly used to describe human anatomy. Instead, healthcare professionals use terms like lower limbs or lower extremities to refer to the same region of the body. However, in comparative anatomy and veterinary medicine, the term hindlimb is still widely used to describe the corresponding structures in non-human animals.
Kaolin is not a medical term per se, but it is a mineral that has various applications in the medical field. Medically, kaolin is used as an ingredient in some over-the-counter (OTC) medications and clinical products, particularly in oral and topical formulations.
Medical definition: Kaolin is a natural hydrated aluminum silicate clay mineral (with the chemical formula Al2Si2O5(OH)4) used in medical applications as an antidiarrheal agent and as a component in various dermatological products for its absorbent, protective, and soothing properties.
Diclofenac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) commonly used to treat pain, inflammation, and fever. It works by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins, which are hormone-like substances that cause pain and inflammation in the body. Diclofenac is available in various forms, including tablets, capsules, suppositories, topical creams, gels, and patches.
The medical definition of Diclofenac is:
Diclofenac sodium: A sodium salt of diclofenac, a phenylacetic acid derivative that is a potent inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis. It is used in the treatment of inflammation and pain in rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and other conditions. Diclofenac sodium has also been used to treat actinic keratosis, a precancerous skin condition. It is available by prescription in various forms, including oral tablets, capsules, topical creams, gels, and patches.
Pain measurement, in a medical context, refers to the quantification or evaluation of the intensity and/or unpleasantness of a patient's subjective pain experience. This is typically accomplished through the use of standardized self-report measures such as numerical rating scales (NRS), visual analog scales (VAS), or categorical scales (mild, moderate, severe). In some cases, physiological measures like heart rate, blood pressure, and facial expressions may also be used to supplement self-reported pain ratings. The goal of pain measurement is to help healthcare providers better understand the nature and severity of a patient's pain in order to develop an effective treatment plan.
N-Acetylgalactosamine-4-Sulfatase is an enzyme that is responsible for breaking down complex carbohydrates in the body. Its specific function is to remove a sulfate group from a particular type of sugar molecule called N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfate, which is found on certain proteoglycans (large, complex sugars attached to proteins) in the body.
This enzyme plays an important role in the normal functioning of cells and tissues, particularly in the development and maintenance of bones, cartilage, and other connective tissues. Deficiencies in this enzyme can lead to a rare genetic disorder called Morquio A syndrome (also known as MPS IVA), which is characterized by skeletal abnormalities, short stature, and other health problems.
Sprague-Dawley rats are a strain of albino laboratory rats that are widely used in scientific research. They were first developed by researchers H.H. Sprague and R.C. Dawley in the early 20th century, and have since become one of the most commonly used rat strains in biomedical research due to their relatively large size, ease of handling, and consistent genetic background.
Sprague-Dawley rats are outbred, which means that they are genetically diverse and do not suffer from the same limitations as inbred strains, which can have reduced fertility and increased susceptibility to certain diseases. They are also characterized by their docile nature and low levels of aggression, making them easier to handle and study than some other rat strains.
These rats are used in a wide variety of research areas, including toxicology, pharmacology, nutrition, cancer, and behavioral studies. Because they are genetically diverse, Sprague-Dawley rats can be used to model a range of human diseases and conditions, making them an important tool in the development of new drugs and therapies.
Nociceptors are specialized peripheral sensory neurons that detect and transmit signals indicating potentially harmful stimuli in the form of pain. They are activated by various noxious stimuli such as extreme temperatures, intense pressure, or chemical irritants. Once activated, nociceptors transmit these signals to the central nervous system (spinal cord and brain) where they are interpreted as painful sensations, leading to protective responses like withdrawing from the harmful stimulus or seeking medical attention. Nociceptors play a crucial role in our perception of pain and help protect the body from further harm.
A nasal spray is a medication delivery device that delivers a liquid formulation directly into the nostrils, where it can then be absorbed through the nasal mucosa and into the bloodstream. Nasal sprays are commonly used to administer medications for local effects in the nose, such as decongestants, corticosteroids, and antihistamines, as well as for systemic absorption of drugs like vaccines and pain relievers.
The medication is typically contained in a small bottle or container that is pressurized or uses a pump mechanism to create a fine mist or spray. This allows the medication to be easily and precisely administered in a controlled dose, reducing the risk of overdose or incorrect dosing. Nasal sprays are generally easy to use, non-invasive, and can provide rapid onset of action for certain medications.
"Wistar rats" are a strain of albino rats that are widely used in laboratory research. They were developed at the Wistar Institute in Philadelphia, USA, and were first introduced in 1906. Wistar rats are outbred, which means that they are genetically diverse and do not have a fixed set of genetic characteristics like inbred strains.
Wistar rats are commonly used as animal models in biomedical research because of their size, ease of handling, and relatively low cost. They are used in a wide range of research areas, including toxicology, pharmacology, nutrition, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and behavioral studies. Wistar rats are also used in safety testing of drugs, medical devices, and other products.
Wistar rats are typically larger than many other rat strains, with males weighing between 500-700 grams and females weighing between 250-350 grams. They have a lifespan of approximately 2-3 years. Wistar rats are also known for their docile and friendly nature, making them easy to handle and work with in the laboratory setting.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "bornanes" is not a medical term or concept. It is a chemical term that refers to a class of compounds called bornane derivatives, which are structurally related to the naturally occurring compound bornane. These compounds have various uses in chemistry and materials science, but they do not have specific relevance to medicine or human health.
Food additives are substances that are added to food or drink during manufacturing or processing to perform various functions such as preservation, coloring, flavoring, enhancing taste and texture, and increasing nutritional value. These additives can be natural or synthetic and must be approved by regulatory authorities before they can be used in food products. Examples of food additives include salt, sugar, vinegar, spices, artificial flavors, preservatives, emulsifiers, and food dyes. It is important to note that some people may have allergies or sensitivities to certain food additives, and excessive consumption of some additives may have negative health effects.
Hyperesthesia is a medical term that refers to an increased sensitivity to sensory stimuli, including touch, pain, temperature, or sound. It can affect various parts of the body and can be a symptom of several different conditions, such as nerve damage, multiple sclerosis, or complex regional pain syndrome. Hyperesthesia can cause discomfort, pain, or even intense pain in response to light touch or other stimuli that would not normally cause such a reaction. Treatment for hyperesthesia depends on the underlying cause and may include medications, physical therapy, or other interventions.
Rhodophyta, also known as red algae, is a division of simple, multicellular and complex marine algae. These organisms are characterized by their red pigmentation due to the presence of phycobiliproteins, specifically R-phycoerythrin and phycocyanin. They lack flagella and centrioles at any stage of their life cycle. The cell walls of Rhodophyta contain cellulose and various sulphated polysaccharides. Some species have calcium carbonate deposits in their cell walls, which contribute to the formation of coral reefs. Reproduction in these organisms is typically alternation of generations with a dominant gametophyte generation. They are an important source of food for many marine animals and have commercial value as well, particularly for the production of agar, carrageenan, and other products used in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.
Foot injuries refer to any damage or trauma caused to the various structures of the foot, including the bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments, blood vessels, and nerves. These injuries can result from various causes such as accidents, sports activities, falls, or repetitive stress. Common types of foot injuries include fractures, sprains, strains, contusions, dislocations, and overuse injuries like plantar fasciitis or Achilles tendonitis. Symptoms may vary depending on the type and severity of the injury but often include pain, swelling, bruising, difficulty walking, and reduced range of motion. Proper diagnosis and treatment are crucial to ensure optimal healing and prevent long-term complications.
Peroxidase is a type of enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction in which hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is broken down into water (H2O) and oxygen (O2). This enzymatic reaction also involves the oxidation of various organic and inorganic compounds, which can serve as electron donors.
Peroxidases are widely distributed in nature and can be found in various organisms, including bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals. They play important roles in various biological processes, such as defense against oxidative stress, breakdown of toxic substances, and participation in metabolic pathways.
The peroxidase-catalyzed reaction can be represented by the following chemical equation:
H2O2 + 2e- + 2H+ → 2H2O
In this reaction, hydrogen peroxide is reduced to water, and the electron donor is oxidized. The peroxidase enzyme facilitates the transfer of electrons between the substrate (hydrogen peroxide) and the electron donor, making the reaction more efficient and specific.
Peroxidases have various applications in medicine, industry, and research. For example, they can be used for diagnostic purposes, as biosensors, and in the treatment of wastewater and medical wastes. Additionally, peroxidases are involved in several pathological conditions, such as inflammation, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases, making them potential targets for therapeutic interventions.
Animal disease models are specialized animals, typically rodents such as mice or rats, that have been genetically engineered or exposed to certain conditions to develop symptoms and physiological changes similar to those seen in human diseases. These models are used in medical research to study the pathophysiology of diseases, identify potential therapeutic targets, test drug efficacy and safety, and understand disease mechanisms.
The genetic modifications can include knockout or knock-in mutations, transgenic expression of specific genes, or RNA interference techniques. The animals may also be exposed to environmental factors such as chemicals, radiation, or infectious agents to induce the disease state.
Examples of animal disease models include:
1. Mouse models of cancer: Genetically engineered mice that develop various types of tumors, allowing researchers to study cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis.
2. Alzheimer's disease models: Transgenic mice expressing mutant human genes associated with Alzheimer's disease, which exhibit amyloid plaque formation and cognitive decline.
3. Diabetes models: Obese and diabetic mouse strains like the NOD (non-obese diabetic) or db/db mice, used to study the development of type 1 and type 2 diabetes, respectively.
4. Cardiovascular disease models: Atherosclerosis-prone mice, such as ApoE-deficient or LDLR-deficient mice, that develop plaque buildup in their arteries when fed a high-fat diet.
5. Inflammatory bowel disease models: Mice with genetic mutations affecting intestinal barrier function and immune response, such as IL-10 knockout or SAMP1/YitFc mice, which develop colitis.
Animal disease models are essential tools in preclinical research, but it is important to recognize their limitations. Differences between species can affect the translatability of results from animal studies to human patients. Therefore, researchers must carefully consider the choice of model and interpret findings cautiously when applying them to human diseases.
Carrageenan
Philippine Nuclear Research Institute
Alteromonas
Gelatin dessert
Kappaphycus
Agar
Brewing
Carmen, Cebu
Seaweed farming
Beer
Mechanics of gelation
Gulaman
Cornucopia Institute
Gelatin
Heparinoid
J.M. Huber Corporation
Thickening agent
Gavino Trono
Kappaphycus alvarezii
Rhinovirus
Microbicides for sexually transmitted diseases
Poligeenan
Paper marbling
Aquaculture
Dokdonia
Algae
Punicalin
Noscapine
Planctomycetota
Eucheuma
Carrageenan - Wikipedia
Carrageenan
What Is Carrageenan? | The Kitchn
Carrageenan (Blender Type)
Carrageenans as a Versatile Tool in Drug Delivery
What Organic Eaters Need to Know About Carrageenan - Cornucopia Institute
Nasal delivery of lidocaine decreases carrageenan-induced orofacial pain [poster]
carrageenan - Clean Eating
Jacquard Carrageenan | MisterArt.com
Jacquard Carrageenan
Continuous-flow fermentation of banana fruit pulp sugar into ethanol by carrageenan-immobilized yeast | Biotechnology Letters
Carrageenan Market - Share, Growth, Size & Forecast 2033
What is Carrageenan? | GoodGirlGoneGreen.com - Stephanie Moram
Conductive bio-polymer Electrolyte Iota-carrageenan with Ammonium Nitrate for Application in electrochemical Devices - Amrita...
French firm claims new extraction process cuts costs for semi-refined carrageenan
Carrageenan & Seaweed
Edible Films from Carrageenan/Orange Essential Oil/Trehalose-Structure, Optical Properties, and Antimicrobial Activity |...
Global Seaweed Hydrocolloids Market - Agar, Alginates and Carrageenan | FB021
CP Kelco Closes Sale of Carrageenan Production Site in Philippines to Marcel Trading Corporation - CP Kelco
Ingredion enters carrageenan agreement | Bakingbusiness.com | February 17, 2015 11:29 | Baking Business
Pregabalin Attenuates Carrageenan-Induced Acute Inflammation in Rats by Inhibiting Proinflammatory Cytokine Levels
USDA Defies Advisers, Allows Carrageenan To Keep Organic Label | WFSU News
AID 1086017 - Anti-inflammatory activity in Rattus norvegicus Wistar albino (rat) assessed as inhibition of carrageenan-induced...
Table 50: Malaysia exports of HS 130239 (includes carrageenan), by importing country, 2004-2006, Value in USD (1 USD = 3.4525...
Carrageenan Prices: Latest Price, Pricing, News, Market Analysis
PRODUCTION, TRADE AND UTILIZATION OF SEAWEEDS AND SEAWEED PRODUCTS
Carrageenan - Sarda Gums
carrageenan Archives - Loveabowl
Carrageenan? - Vegan Bootcamp
Kappa16
- Kappa-carrageenan has one sulfate group per disaccharide, iota-carrageenan has two, and lambda-carrageenan has three. (wikipedia.org)
- There are three main commercial classes of carrageenan: Kappa forms strong, rigid gels in the presence of potassium ions, and reacts with dairy proteins. (wikipedia.org)
- The primary differences that influence the properties of kappa, iota, and lambda carrageenan are the number and position of the ester sulfate groups on the repeating galactose units. (wikipedia.org)
- For instance, the genus Gigartina produces mainly kappa carrageenans during its gametophytic stage, and lambda carrageenans during its sporophytic stage. (wikipedia.org)
- Here's why: Lambda carrageenan is soluble at cooler temperatures whereas Kappa and Iota need a heat and cool process. (dharmatrading.com)
- Carrageenans can be classified into three main types based on their chemical structure: kappa, iota, and lambda. (selfgrowth.com)
- Kappa carrageenan has a linear chain with alternating sulfated and unsulfated regions, whereas iota carrageenan has a similar structure but with an additional sulfate group on every third unit. (selfgrowth.com)
- Among the different types of carrageenans, Kappa carrageenan is the most widely used due to its unparalleled ability to form gels. (selfgrowth.com)
- The use of Kappa carrageenan in controlled drug delivery systems has become increasingly popular due to its ability to sustain drug release over a prolonged period of time. (selfgrowth.com)
- The extracted juice of ripe Cavendish banana fruit pulp, which contained about 126 g/l total sugars, was fermented into ethanol by yeast immobilized on kappa-carrageenan. (springer.com)
- Kappa-carrageenan has one sulphate group per disaccharide. (mohebtc.com)
- Carrageenan is Refined Kappa Carrageenan derived from Euchema Cottoni and similar species. (sardagum.com)
- Kappa Carrageenan that forms strong, rigid gels in the presence of potassium ions, and reacts with dairy proteins. (sardagum.com)
- Sarda is the largest carrageenan producer in India and is capable to produce Semi-Refined and Refined types of Kappa and Iota Carrageenan. (sardagum.com)
- The results indicated the self-assembly of hyaluronic acid and kappa-carrageenan and the thermal stability of the fabricated injectable hydrogel with tunable gelation properties. (allergy-link.com)
- While many people are familiar with the classification of carrageenan into Kappa, Iota , and Lambda categories, fewer are aware that carrageenan can also be categorized as Pure Carrageenan and Standardized Carrageenan. (ginobiotech.com)
Different types of carrageenans1
- Many red algal species produce different types of carrageenans during their developmental history. (wikipedia.org)
Agar-Agar1
- We are a biotech company specializing in the research, development, and commercialization of innovative and technological food additives hydrocolloids Agar Agar , Carrageenan , and Tailor-Made Stabilizer Solutions . (ginobiotech.com)
Seaweeds7
- Carrageenan is an extract derived from seaweeds like these harvested off Hingutanan Island, Bien Unido, Bohol, Philippines. (wfsu.org)
- The present chapter, whilst also considering the use of seaweeds in animal feedstuffs and fertilizers, deals principally with the industrial products of present greatest economic importance - the phycocolloids agar, carrageenan, furcellaran and algin. (fao.org)
- Carrageenans or carrageenins are a family of linear sulphated polysaccharides that are extracted from red edible seaweeds. (mohebtc.com)
- Carrageenan is a natural hydrocolloid that is extracted from seaweeds (species like Euchema Cottoni). (sardagum.com)
- Carrageenan is found in red seaweeds . (oyunu-oyna.net)
- Collected fresh seaweeds are washed and dried and then processed with alkali treatment, rinsing, baking and smashing to get the semi-refined carrageenan. (sh-blg.com)
- Carrageenan-containing seaweeds have been used for centuries in food preparations for their gelling properties, but the refined, isolated carrageenan found in modern processed foods has raised concerns in the health-conscious online community. (agutsygirl.com)
Semi-refined4
- French carrageenan producer Selt Marine spears blossoming semi-refined market with a new extraction process. (bakeryandsnacks.com)
- While FMC, CP Kelco and German chemicals firm Degussa (soon to be acquired by Cargill) dominate the refined market, Shemberg is the biggest player in semi-refined carrageenan, although the leaders in refined are now on board, said Seisun. (bakeryandsnacks.com)
- In the EU the food market has grown to use both refined - known as E407 on food labels- and semi-refined (E407a) carrageenans. (bakeryandsnacks.com)
- Gel-pressed/refined carrageenan (GPC) and semi-refined carrageenan (SRC) products were the Cebu plant's primary products. (cpkelco.com)
Hydrocolloids1
- The demand for carrageenan is anticipated to be driven by the growing interest in hydrocolloids in a variety of non-food industries, including pharmaceuticals and personal care. (futuremarketinsights.com)
Made with carrageenan2
- Moreover, it has turned imperative lately, as jelly, pie filling, and chocolate are all now made with carrageenan as a fat alternative. (futuremarketinsights.com)
- Jelly made with carrageenan is elastic and not watery, so it becomes a commonly used gelling agent for jelly. (auskelp.com.au)
Additive8
- In 2014, she found The Cornucopia Institute's research on carrageenan, a commonly used food additive and thickening agent that is such a predictable source of GI inflammation that it's used in laboratory settings to induce inflammation and test the effects of anti-inflammatory drugs. (cornucopia.org)
- The business has expanded this product line by creating Seabrid carrageenan that may be used as a texturizing additive in creamy dairy delicacies. (futuremarketinsights.com)
- In combinations with various other Gums Carrageenan can impartvarious properties , so it is possible to use Carrageenan as the main texturing additive in various food and non-food applications. (sardagum.com)
- Carrageenan may sound like an alien ingredient from an obscure planet, but it actually is a typical additive extracted from edible red seaweed. (loveabowlpets.com)
- To make sure that the food or treat you give your pet is absolutely carrageenan-free, take note of these names that this additive may also be listed as Irish Moss Algae, Vegetable Gelatin, Chondrus, or Danish Agar. (loveabowlpets.com)
- Pure Carrageenan refers to carrageenan that contains no additional ingredients, such as sugars or salts, is a naturally occurring food additive and thickening agent derived from specific species of red seaweed. (ginobiotech.com)
- In summary, Pure Carrageenan is a high-purity, unaltered food additive celebrated for its culinary versatility, while Standardized Carrageenan serves as a cost-effective alternative suitable for industrial applications. (ginobiotech.com)
- Note that seaweed is fibrous as foods that are processed with carrageenan as a natural additive takes on a soothing texture and viscosity properties that make them more nutritious. (anfasbevex.com)
Avoid carrageenan3
- Her new plan: intentionally avoid carrageenan. (cornucopia.org)
- A 2017 clinical trial showed that people with colitis should avoid carrageenan. (cornucopia.org)
- For now, the best course of action to avoid carrageenan is to make sure to read and double-check the label before adding it to the cart and sticking to trusty pet food without carrageenan like Loveabowl. (loveabowlpets.com)
Global carrageenan3
- Conclusively, the net valuation of the global carrageenan market, as per the FMI report, is projected to reach US$ 1,567.4 million by 2033. (futuremarketinsights.com)
- Based on the reports published earlier by FMI, the net worth of the global carrageenan market back in the year 2018 was US$ 740 million. (futuremarketinsights.com)
- But in recent months a strong pull in global carrageenan stocks, impacted by an increase in demand from China's booming processed food industry, has led to price spikes. (bakeryandsnacks.com)
Lambda carrageenan8
- Higher levels of ester sulfate lower the solubility temperature of the carrageenan and produce lower strength gels, or contribute to gel inhibition (lambda carrageenan). (wikipedia.org)
- We've learned to get the best results, you want to use a Lambda carrageenan (which is what we carry). (dharmatrading.com)
- When you want your marbling to stick, stick with us and stick with Lambda carrageenan. (dharmatrading.com)
- Lambda carrageenan has a branched structure with longer chains and fewer sulfates. (selfgrowth.com)
- Unlike its counterparts, lambda carrageenan has a low gel strength and is water-soluble, rendering it a valuable tool in the formulation of hydrophilic drugs. (selfgrowth.com)
- In addition to its unique properties, lambda carrageenan has been demonstrated to increase the hydration of the stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the skin. (selfgrowth.com)
- Lambda carrageenan has three sulphates per disaccharide. (mohebtc.com)
- Lambda carrageenan that although does not gel but can be used to thicken dairy products. (sardagum.com)
Ingredient8
- There is no clinical evidence for carrageenan as an unsafe food ingredient, mainly because its fate after digestion is inadequately determined. (wikipedia.org)
- An organic eater who was already careful about her food choices, she used Cornucopia's guide to ditch brands that contained carrageenan and, when dining out, asked restaurant employees to share the ingredient lists for sauces or the plumping agents used in chicken. (cornucopia.org)
- Carrageenan may be what gives it that "silky" mouth feel, but because the substance is used as a processing aide, it isn't always listed on the ingredient panel. (cornucopia.org)
- Owing to its antiviral qualities, carrageenan was also investigated as an active ingredient for COVID-19 therapy, which opened up new potential for the manufacturers. (futuremarketinsights.com)
- The U.S. Department of Agriculture has decided that organic food companies can keep using an emulsifier called carrageenan in foods like ice cream and high-protein drinks, despite a vote by an influential organic advisory committee to ban the ingredient. (wfsu.org)
- I'm a beginner vegan and I've never seen/noticed the word Carrageenan before so I googled it and the information is very scary to be recommended this ingredient/product. (veganbootcamp.org)
- Carrageenan is a seaweed-derived ingredient used widely in the food industry to perform gelling, thickening, and stabilizing functions. (dailyintakeblog.com)
- Carrageenan is a controversial ingredient used in many packaged foods and beverages, but what is carrageenan? (agutsygirl.com)
Xanthan Gum1
- Key product lines are Gellan Gum , Pectin , Xanthan Gum , Carrageenan , Diutan Gum , Cellulose Gum/Carboxymethyl Cellulose, and Microparticulated Whey Protein Concentrate , as well as other unique biopolymers. (cpkelco.com)
Physicochemical properties3
- The different structures of carrageenans result in different physicochemical properties that affect their behavior in drug delivery. (selfgrowth.com)
- In addition to their physicochemical properties, carrageenans have been shown to possess biological activities that can enhance drug delivery. (selfgrowth.com)
- In conclusion, carrageenans are a versatile tool in drug delivery due to their unique physicochemical properties and biological activities. (selfgrowth.com)
Iota4
- Iota carrageenan, on the other hand, has a lower gel strength and is an excellent candidate for the formulation of liquid drug delivery systems such as syrups and suspensions. (selfgrowth.com)
- Bio-polymer electrolyte iota-carrageenan (Ι-carrageenan) with ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) has been prepared by solution-casting technique. (amrita.edu)
- Iota-carrageenan has two sulphates per disaccharide. (mohebtc.com)
- Iota Carrageenan that forms soft gels in the presence of calcium ions. (sardagum.com)
Polysaccharides3
- Carrageenans contain 15-40% ester-sulfate content, which makes them anionic polysaccharides. (wikipedia.org)
- All carrageenans are high-molecular-weight polysaccharides and mainly made up of alternating 3-linked b-D-galactopyranose (G-units) and 4-linked a-D-galactopyranose (D-units) or 4-linked 3,6-anhydro-a-D-galactopyranose (DA-units), forming the disaccharide repeating unit of carrageenans. (wikipedia.org)
- Carrageenans , a family of sulfated polysaccharides derived from red seaweed, have been shown to be an effective tool in drug delivery due to their unique properties. (selfgrowth.com)
Inflammation6
- Carrageenans have anti-inflammatory properties, which can reduce inflammation in the body and improve drug efficacy. (selfgrowth.com)
- Thousands of cell-based and animal experiments, along with more than 2,500 complaints from people who use Cornucopia's consumer research, indicate that carrageenan causes inflammation. (cornucopia.org)
- A study in 2017 showed that carrageenan disrupts normal gut function, promotes intestinal inflammation, and consequently could compromise consumer health. (cornucopia.org)
- Finally, research in 2020 found that inflammatory properties of carrageenan are related to carrageenan's modification of the intestinal microbiome and that carrageenan can exacerbate chronic inflammation-which could explain why people with existing chronic conditions improve with a carrageenan-free diet. (cornucopia.org)
- Although many long-term studies support the safety of carrageenan consumption, concerns have been raised in recent years regarding its potential to cause gastrointestinal inflammation. (dailyintakeblog.com)
- The unique chemical structure of carrageenan triggers an innate immune response in the body, which leads to inflammation, a precursor to more serious disease. (agutsygirl.com)
Hydrocolloid2
- Carrageenan, a popular hydrocolloid used for texture and viscosity in food products, is a gum extracted from seaweed, largely sourced from the Philippines and Indonesia. (bakeryandsnacks.com)
- ATLANTA, May 11, 2018 - CP Kelco, a leading global producer of specialty hydrocolloid ingredients, today announced it has completed the sale of its carrageenan plant in Sibonga, Cebu, Philippines, to Marcel Trading Corporation, a carrageenan producer in the Philippines. (cpkelco.com)
Vegan alternative to gelatin2
- Carrageenan is a vegetarian and vegan alternative to gelatin in some applications, so may be used to replace gelatin in confectionery and other food. (wikipedia.org)
- Carrageenan also acts as a better vegan alternative to gelatin and has been widely used in the food industry. (oyunu-oyna.net)
Algae1
- Kate, carrageenan is an extract of seaweed or algae that is commonly used as a gum in many food products. (thekitchn.com)
20191
- A review of carrageenan safety research from 2019 concluded that this substance has not been definitively determined as "safe" and that more research is required. (cornucopia.org)
20161
- In December 2016, it voted to drop carrageenan from the list of approved organic ingredients, after hearing evidence that alternative ingredients existed that could replace carrageenan. (wfsu.org)
Chondrus1
- A common red seaweed used for manufacturing the hydrophilic colloids to produce carrageenan is Chondrus crispus (Irish moss), which is a dark red parsley-like alga that grows attached to rocks. (wikipedia.org)
Eucheuma1
- Although carrageenans were introduced on an industrial scale in the 1930s, they were known to be used in China since around 600 BCE (where Gigartina was used) and in Ireland around 400 CE Carrageenan derived from Eucheuma spp. (wikipedia.org)
Widely1
- Carrageenans are widely used in the food industry, for their gelling, thickening, and stabilizing properties. (wikipedia.org)
Beverages1
- Pure carrageenan can be used in different food products such as confectionery, meat, dairy, desserts, beverages, and also in emerging plant-based foods. (ginobiotech.com)
Dairy3
- So you will often find carrageenan in ice cream, yogurt, and other dairy products - especially low-fat ones, as the thickener helps create a good texture in the absence of extra fat. (thekitchn.com)
- An illustration, Cargill, Inc. introduced its new Satiagel ADG 0220 Seabird carrageenan, which may be utilized for dairy bases desserts that are gelled. (futuremarketinsights.com)
- Carrageenan, found in red seaweed, is used in dairy, meat and other applications to form gels, deliver creaminess, provide a clean flavor and help prevent syneresis (the separation of liquid from a gel caused by contraction). (bakingbusiness.com)
20201
- Marinomed Biotech AG, Cardiff University, Walgreens Boots Alliance, and a University Health Board together launched research in December 2020 to examine the carrageenan nasal and throat spray. (futuremarketinsights.com)
Pectin2
- Carrageenan as a good coagulant, can replace the usual agar, gelatin and pectin. (auskelp.com.au)
- 4. Carrageenan as a goodcoagulant, can replace the usual agar, gelatin and pectin. (chemcoraw.com)
Philippines6
- for carrageenan was developed in the Philippines. (wikipedia.org)
- The global top producers of carrageenan are the Philippines and Indonesia. (wikipedia.org)
- Carrageenan, along with agar, are used to produce traditional jelly desserts in the Philippines called gulaman. (wikipedia.org)
- today one of the main cultivated sources of carrageenan), known as gusô or tambalang in the Visayan languages, has also been traditionally used as food in the Philippines. (wikipedia.org)
- MCPI Corp (Philippines), Marcel Carrageenan (Philippines), PT Fortuna Cahaya Cemerlang (Indonesia). (procurementresource.com)
- Sarda produces carrageenan using crops that are mainly cultivated in the coastal area of Southern India, Indonesia and Philippines. (sardagum.com)
Gelatin1
- Unlike gelatin, which is made from animal products, Carrageenan is appropriate for vegans. (procurementresource.com)
Products5
- Carrageenan is also frequently applied as a thickener in cosmetic goods like lotions and skin creams, making it very desirable in personal care products. (futuremarketinsights.com)
- Utilizing its deep applications expertise and technology, the company remains committed to providing the global market with high-quality alcohol precipitated (APC), SRC and GPC carrageenan products, now and in the future. (cpkelco.com)
- In a statement published in the Federal Register Wednesday, the USDA says it "found sufficient evidence in public comments to the NOSB that carrageenan continues to be necessary for handling agricultural products because of the unavailability of wholly natural substitutes. (wfsu.org)
- Carrageenan applied to poultry products can improve and provide benefits to maintain moisture, flavor, texture, cuttability, freeze-thaw and stability. (auskelp.com.au)
- This study reveals the gelation mechanism of OP/κ-carrageenan and provides the theoretical basis for developing innovative oyster products. (allergy-link.com)
Molecules3
- Carrageenans are large, highly flexible molecules that form curling helical structures. (wikipedia.org)
- The sulfated groups on the carrageenan backbone provide anionic charges that can interact with positively charged drug molecules, leading to the formation of complexes. (selfgrowth.com)
- Carrageenans are flexible, naturally sulfated molecules used for various purposes. (procurementresource.com)
Extraction1
- It is obtained through the extraction and refinement of carrageenan without significant modification. (ginobiotech.com)
Produces1
- Gelymar, based in Santiago, Chile, produces carrageenan and operates two production facilities in the south of Chile. (bakingbusiness.com)
Inflammatory bowel d2
- Another recent study found that carrageenan may trigger or magnify an inflammatory response in the human intestine and that consumption of carrageenan was a risk factor for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). (cornucopia.org)
- Many individuals experiencing gastrointestinal symptoms (ranging from mild "belly bloat," to irritable bowel syndrome, to severe inflammatory bowel disease) have noticed that eliminating carrageenan from the diet leads to profound improvements in their gastrointestinal health. (agutsygirl.com)
Ingredients1
- People who cannot stand the taste and the smell of foods containing synthetic preservatives should subsequently be on the lookout for food packaging labels that lists carrageenan as one of the preservatives or ingredients. (anfasbevex.com)
Kelco2
- Major suppliers FMC BioPolymer and CP Kelco, for example, recently raised prices for their food-grade carrageenan portfolio, some by as much as 7 to 8 per cent. (bakeryandsnacks.com)
- CP Kelco is not exiting the carrageenan business and continues to operate a carrageenan production facility in Lille Skensved, Denmark. (cpkelco.com)
20221
- The net worth of all carrageenan sold globally in the year 2022 was estimated to be worth US$ 935.9 million. (futuremarketinsights.com)
Molecular1
- As a polysaccharide with a High molecular weight s, carrageenan is made up of repeating galactose units and 3,6 anhydrogalactose (3,6-AG), both sulfated and nonsulfated. (sardagum.com)
Edible2
Properties3
- Carrageenan is compatible with starch and provides stabilizing properties, suspension qualities and added viscosity. (bakingbusiness.com)
- In addition, the safe and non-toxic properties of carrageenan have been confirmed by the Joint FAO / WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). (auskelp.com.au)
- Seaweedsdiffer in kinds and properties, and can be classified into three categories - alginate, agar, and carrageenan. (oyunu-oyna.net)
Blender4
- Carrageenan (blender Type) - 8 Oz. (dharmatrading.com)
- Carrageenan (blender Type) - 5 Lbs. (dharmatrading.com)
- Carrageenan (blender Type) - 55 Lbs. (dharmatrading.com)
- In a blender, mix 1 TBS of Carrageenan into approximately 3 cups of warm tap water for 60 seconds. (misterart.com)
Thicken1
- Carrageenan can also be used to thicken vegan gelatins and puddings - it is very similar to agar. (thekitchn.com)
Food-grade4
- Undegraded carrageenan , on the other hand, is the food-grade counterpart found in most pet food. (loveabowlpets.com)
- It has also been noted that even undegraded carrageenan, considered "safe" and food-grade, contains trace amounts of the more harmful bits. (loveabowlpets.com)
- Generally, carrageenan comes in two different forms - food-grade carrageenan and degraded carrageenan. (oyunu-oyna.net)
- Food grade carrageenan has been extensively used in the food industry for hundreds of years. (oyunu-oyna.net)
Behavior2
- This study used a novel behavior apparatus to assess the effect of intranasal lidocaine in a rat model of carrageenan-induced orofacial pain. (healthpartners.com)
- Methods: The TrigeminAir behavior apparatus was used, which is designed to present air pressure on the sensitized, carrageenan-inflamed whisker pad and electronically measure sip rate of a sweetened condensed milk reward. (healthpartners.com)
Found5
- Carrageenan was also found to stimulate inflammatory pathways tied to immune response. (cornucopia.org)
- The glass transition temperature of the bio-polymer Ι-carrageenan with NH4NO3 electrolytes has been found using differential scanning calorimetric technique. (amrita.edu)
- From the AC impedance spectroscopic analysis, the ionic conductivity value has been found to be 1.46 × 10− 3 S/cm at ambient temperature for the composition of 1.0 g Ι-carrageenan: 0.4 wt% NH4NO3. (amrita.edu)
- Carrageenan is capable of growing up to 4 inches in height, and can be usually found growing in warmer waters since they require mild sunlight. (oyunu-oyna.net)
- People have often mistakenly associated it with degraded carrageenan which is found to be inedible. (oyunu-oyna.net)
Nutrients1
- In summary, calcium carrageenan -coated zein nanoparticles have potential for the encapsulation, protection , and controlled release of hydrophobic nutrients . (bvsalud.org)
Preservatives1
- The seaweed carrageenan benefits the world of nutrition are also noted when talking about natural food preservatives. (anfasbevex.com)
Consume1
- What they aren't telling you: the processed carrageenan we consume is much different than the one used in traditional cooking methods. (cornucopia.org)
Efficacy1
- Carrageenan-based drug delivery systems have been shown to improve drug efficacy and reduce side effects. (selfgrowth.com)
Versatility1
- They prize its versatility and effectiveness, calling it "one of nature's perfect stabilizers" and arguing that carrageenan is a "traditional food" that has been consumed for hundreds of years around the world. (cornucopia.org)
Industry5
- Researchers with ties to the carrageenan industry have diminished studies indicating carrageenan contributes to higher rates of gastrointestinal disease in laboratory animals, even discrediting and drowning out top researchers with industry-funded research. (cornucopia.org)
- Due to the increased demand for carrageenan from the food and beverage industry, the market for this substance has seen tremendous expansion over the last several years. (futuremarketinsights.com)
- Carrageenan is used by the pharmaceutical and drug industry to make inactive excipients during tablet preparation, which has rendered it sufficient importance. (futuremarketinsights.com)
- The debate over carrageenan has split the organics industry. (wfsu.org)
- All these make the carrageenan industry develop rapidly and extensively Used in the food industry, chemical industry and biochemistry, medical research and other fields. (auskelp.com.au)
Unlike1
- Unlike the ban of carrageenan, however, the animal welfare rules enjoyed solid support from almost all organic farmers and food companies. (wfsu.org)
Commonly2
- Carrageenan is extracted from a red seaweed commonly known as Irish Moss. (procurementresource.com)
- The carrageenan that's most commonly used in food industries today is harvested during the warmer months from the coasts of Ireland. (oyunu-oyna.net)