A colorless, flammable, poisonous liquid, CS2. It is used as a solvent, and is a counterirritant and has local anesthetic properties but is not used as such. It is highly toxic with pronounced CNS, hematologic, and dermatologic effects.
"In the context of medicine, 'textiles' refers to the use of woven, knitted, or nonwoven materials, often as components of medical devices such as bandages, sutures, or implantable materials, which can be designed to have specific properties like biocompatibility, breathability, or antimicrobial activity."
The aggregate enterprise of manufacturing and technically producing chemicals. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)
The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents that occurs as a result of one's occupation.
Diseases caused by factors involved in one's employment.

Carbon disulphide absorption during xanthate reagent mixing in a gold mine concentrator. (1/101)

A xanthate reagent mixer at a gold mine concentrator was exposed to carbon disulphide by extensive skin contamination with xanthate powder and solution during the reagent mixing process. Absorption of carbon disulphide was confirmed by the detection of urinary 2-thiothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (TTCA). Drager colorimetric tube testing during subsequent mixing recorded a maximum concentration of at least 60 ppm carbon disulphide. An illness consisting of predominantly gastrointestinal symptoms began 20 h after the exposure. Although this may have been due to carbon disulphide toxicity this is by no means certain. The need for engineering controls, impervious protective clothing and full-face respirators with particulate and organic vapour cartridges is discussed. This episode occurred at another mine site, unrelated to Mount Isa Mines Limited.  (+info)

Preliminary external quality assessment for the biological monitoring of carbon disulfide with urinary 2-thiothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid. (2/101)

Four laboratories have participated in an external quality control assessment for the determination of 2-thiothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (TTCA). TTCA is used as a biomarker for exposure to CS2. Thirteen different urine samples were analyzed by each laboratory. Ten of these were spiked with known amounts of TTCA, and had either a high or intermediate creatinine content. Two samples without any TTCA were used as controls and one sample was a pool of samples of urine from five employees occupationally exposed to CS2. The latter had unknown TTCA content. For each sample, TTCA and creatinine concentration were determined. The samples were supplied in three consecutive deliveries. Several samples were offered more than once. Thus, within-laboratory variability could be established for creatinine and TTCA determination and accuracy could be determined for TTCA analysis. Within-laboratory variability was low for all laboratories for creatinine, although laboratory D seemed to have a slight downward bias. Accuracy for TTCA was good for all laboratories. No significant mean deviation from the expected TTCA value was encountered. There does not seem to be any clear influence of the TTCA concentration level of the samples on the accuracy and within-laboratory variability. Two of the four laboratories (A and C) showed lower within-laboratory variability than the other two for TTCA, although coefficients of variation between replicated samples are high for these two laboratories as well. The laboratory giving the best accuracy, gave the highest within-laboratory variability. A non-systematic, random error is probably the source of this. The results of this preliminary study indicate that analysis of TTCA, although regarded as an established biomarker, can give biases and thus negatively interfere with inferred dose-effect or dose-response relationships in occupational epidemiology.  (+info)

Exposure of C57BL/6 mice to carbon disulfide induces early lesions of atherosclerosis and enhances arterial fatty deposits induced by a high fat diet. (3/101)

Even though atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD) is the number one cause of death in the United States, the effects of environmental toxicants on this process are less well studied than the effects of chemicals on the second leading cause of death, cancer. There is considerable epidemiological evidence that workers exposed to carbon disulfide (CS2) have increased rates of ACVD, and there is conflicting evidence of the atherogenic potential of CS2 from animal studies. Chemical modification, such as oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (LDL), is tightly associated with increased LDL uptake by macrophages and the development of arterial fatty streaks. CS2 has been previously demonstrated to modify several proteins in vitro including LDL, and others in vivo through derivatization and covalent cross-linking. To investigate both the capacity of CS2 to induce arterial fatty deposits by itself, and its ability to enhance the rate of fatty deposit formation induced by a western style, high fat diet, groups of 20 female C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 0, 50, 500, or 800 ppm CS2 by inhalation. Half the animals in each group were placed on an atherogenic high fat diet and half on a control diet (NIH-07). Animals were sacrificed after 1, 4, 8, 12, 16, or 20 weeks of exposure, and the rates of fatty deposit formation under the aortic valve leaflets were evaluated. Exposure of mice on the control diet to 500 and 800 ppm CS2 induced a small but significant increase in the rate of fatty deposit formation over non-exposed controls. A more striking result was observed in the animals on the high fat diet. There was marked enhancement of the rate of fatty deposit formation in mice exposed to 500 and 800 ppm over the animals on the high fat diet alone. In addition, there was a small but significant enhancement in mice exposed to 50 ppm over the rate of fatty deposit formation induced by the high fat diet alone. Analysis of erythrocyte spectrin for protein cross-linking revealed a dose-dependent formation of alpha- and beta-heterodimers in animals on both diets. These data demonstrate that CS2 is atherogenic at high concentrations, but more importantly, suggest that, in conjunction with other risk factors, CS2 at relatively low concentrations can enhance atherogenesis.  (+info)

Simultaneous analysis of urinary 2-thiothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid and thiocarbamide as a biological exposure index for carbon disulfide exposure. (4/101)

The objectives of this study were to develop optimal analytic methods for detecting urinary 2-thiothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (TTCA) and thiocarbamide simultaneously and to evaluate the usefulness of these metabolites to a biological exposure index (BEI) for carbon disulfide (CS2) exposure. For this experiment, synthesized TTCA and thiocarbamide were used. The synthesized TTCA was identified by infrared spectrophotometer, nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer and thin layer chromatography. The recovery rates of both metabolites were calculated to find the optimum analytical method. The amounts of urinary TTCA and thiocarbamide were measured by using an ultraviolet detector connected to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after the administration of CS2 (350, 700 mg/kg) into Sprague-Dawley rats intraperitoneally. The maximum absorbance wave lengths for TTCA and thiocarbamide were 272 and 236 nm, respectively. Ethyl acetate extraction with NaCl as a salting-out reagent was used as a simultaneous extraction method for these metabolites. HPLC conditions for these metabolites included using a NH2 column, 50 mM KH2PO4: acetonitrile (85:15) and pH 3. Excreted amounts of urinary TTCA and thiocarbamide were increased significantly following CS2 administration. TTCA, which was already adopted as a BEI for CS2 by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), seems to be a more useful BEI for CS2 exposure than thiocarbamide. However further studies are needed to increase analytical efficiency before thiocarbamide can be adopted as a BEI and to apply this analytic method for simultaneous analysis of these metabolites in workers exposed to CS2.  (+info)

Toluene-3,4-dithiol analysis of blood for assessing carbon disulfide exposure. (5/101)

Carbon disulfide is a neurotoxic compound used in the production of viscose rayon, and is a major decomposition product of dithiocarbamates used in industry, agriculture, and medicine. Methods used currently for assessing exposure to CS2 are limited in their ability to evaluate cumulative exposures and provide useful information for relatively short periods of time after exposure has ended. The present investigation evaluates a method for monitoring CS2 exposure that consists of cleaving the thiocarbonyl function of free CS2 or certain CS2-generated modifications on proteins using toluene-3,4-dithiol. The resulting toluene trithiocarbonate product is then quantified using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The sensitivity, dose response, kinetics and specificity of this biomarker in blood were examined in rats administered CS2 by inhalation, intraperitoneal injection, or gavage for acute through subchronic periods. Dithiol reactive functions in plasma and hemolysate demonstrated a linear dose response over a wide range of exposure levels, were dependent upon the duration of exposure, and appeared to have an appropriate sensitivity for evaluating occupational levels of exposure. Elimination rates of dithiol reactive functions may also be dependent upon exposure duration and exhibit different kinetics for plasma and hemolysate suggesting that elimination rates may be useful for estimating cumulative exposure and intervals between exposure and sample procurement. Dithiol analysis, used in conjunction with previously established erythrocyte protein cross-linking biomarkers, may provide a means to characterize the internal dose of CS2 resulting from acute through chronic periods, and may provide insight into the level of CS2-mediated covalent protein modifications occurring within the nervous system.  (+info)

Indicators of cardiovascular risk among workers exposed to high intermittent levels of carbon disulphide. (6/101)

The effects of exposure to carbon disulphide have been studied mostly among workers in the viscous rayon industry, where the usual exposure profile has been relatively steady exposure over work shifts. We investigated 13 workers in a small chemical company who were exposed to low levels, peaking intermittently to relatively high levels in the range of 100-200 ppm at the end of the work shift, a pattern that may change the risk profile. Our investigation was part of a compliance order that was fought by the company and our access and follow-up was limited. Two workers had burns on their bodies associated with exposure to caustic. Four had elevations in total serum cholesterol, one had elevated serum triglycerides and three had elevations in fasting blood glucose--two of them were known to be diabetics before employment and one had a history of unexplained peripheral neuropathy. No consistent pattern suggestive of a defined lipoprotein abnormality was obvious but several atherogenic profiles were observed. Five had abnormalities on electrocardiogram, four of whom appeared to be among the most heavily exposed. The presence of these changes taken together in this context may suggest accelerated atherosclerotic changes. Tests of liver and kidney function were within the normal range for all workers, as was a complete blood count. Four of the workers had evidence of a bilateral reduction in hearing threshold at 4,000 Hz. A complete set of recommendations was forwarded to the employer, emphasizing further control of exposure to carbon disulphide, personal protection requirements and a cardiovascular risk reduction programme. Conditions improved in the plant following modifications introduced in response to a stop work order from the provincial government's occupational health and safety agency. However, a fire in 1998 put the company out of business and ended further follow-up or interventions. We conclude that these findings, while difficult to interpret because of the circumstances of the investigation, are compatible with an atherogenic effect of exposure to peaking levels of carbon disulphide. The observation should be tested in a larger population with fewer confounding factors and greater control over the investigation.  (+info)

Characterization of carbon disulfide neurotoxicity in C57BL6 mice: behavioral, morphologic, and molecular effects. (7/101)

Female C57BL6 mice were exposed to 0 or 800 ppm carbon disulfide (CS2), 6 h/d, 5 d/wk for 20 weeks. The neurologic function of all mice was assessed once at the end of exposures using a functional observational battery. General health effects included a decrease in body weight gain, piloerection, hunched body posture, and ptosis. Treatment-related effects included altered gait (uncoordinated placement of hind limbs and ataxia) and impaired function on an inverted screen test. In addition, rearing and locomotor movement were decreased in treated mice. Focal to multifocal axonal swelling was seen predominantly in the muscular branch of the posterior tibial nerve, and occasionally giant axonal swelling was detected in the lumbar segment of the spinal cord. Electron microscopic examination revealed swollen axons with massive accumulation of neurofilament proteins within the axoplasm. Covalent cross-linking of erythrocyte spectrin (surrogate protein to neurofilament protein) was demonstrated in mice exposed to CS2 but not in mice receiving filtered air. These data provide supportive evidence that covalent cross-linking of neurofilament proteins is a significant feature of the axonal swellings in mice produced by inhalation exposure to CS2.  (+info)

Behavioral toxicology of carbon disulfide and toluene. (8/101)

Organic solvents are pervasive in the communal and industrial environments. Although many are potent central nervous system agents, clearly delineated behavioral effects have played only a minor role in the formation of exposure standards. A comprehensive behavioral pharmacology and toxicology of these compounds is one aim of US/USSR collaboration. The current report describes some actions of carbon disulfide and toulene. Earlier data about the actions of carbon disulfide on pigeon operant performance indicated disruption of schedule-controlled key-pecking. Primate data are now described from a situation designed to determine aversive thresholds to electrical stimulation. Effective concentrations of carbon disulfide produced both a rise in the amount of electric shock tolerated and a diminution of the response force exerted by the monkeys. In experiments with toluene, pigeons were shown to elevate key-pecking rate in an operant situation at certain concentrations. Toluene also was studied for its capacity to maintain self-administration in the same way as drugs of abuse. Monkeys worked to gain access to toulene vapor just as they work for opiates or amphetamines. The current experiments demonstrate how comprehensive the range of behavioral toxicology needs to be to deal with environmental health issues.  (+info)

Carbon disulfide is a colorless, volatile, and flammable liquid with the chemical formula CS2. It has a unique odor that is often described as being similar to that of rotten eggs or garlic. In industry, carbon disulfide is primarily used as a solvent in the production of rayon and cellophane.

In medicine, exposure to carbon disulfide has been linked to various health problems, including neurological disorders, cardiovascular disease, and reproductive issues. Long-term exposure can lead to symptoms such as headaches, dizziness, memory loss, and peripheral neuropathy. It is also considered a potential occupational carcinogen, meaning that it may increase the risk of cancer with prolonged exposure.

It's important for individuals who work in industries where carbon disulfide is used to follow proper safety protocols, including using appropriate personal protective equipment and monitoring air quality to minimize exposure.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "textiles" is not a term that is typically used in a medical context. In general, textiles refer to the broad category of flexible materials made by weaving, knitting, braiding, or felting fibers together. They include things like clothing, upholstery, and other soft goods.

In a medical setting, terms such as "medical textiles" or "healthcare textiles" might be used to refer to textile-based products that are specifically designed for use in medical applications, such as bandages, wound dressings, sutures, and implantable materials. These products must meet strict regulatory requirements to ensure their safety and effectiveness.

However, it's important to note that while some healthcare professionals may be familiar with the term "textiles" in this context, it is not a standard medical term and would not be used in a formal medical definition.

The chemical industry is a broad term that refers to the companies and organizations involved in the production or transformation of raw materials or intermediates into various chemical products. These products can be used for a wide range of applications, including manufacturing, agriculture, pharmaceuticals, and consumer goods. The chemical industry includes businesses that produce basic chemicals, such as petrochemicals, agrochemicals, polymers, and industrial gases, as well as those that manufacture specialty chemicals, such as dyestuffs, flavors, fragrances, and advanced materials. Additionally, the chemical industry encompasses companies that provide services related to the research, development, testing, and distribution of chemical products.

Occupational exposure refers to the contact of an individual with potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents as a result of their job or occupation. This can include exposure to hazardous substances such as chemicals, heavy metals, or dusts; physical agents such as noise, radiation, or ergonomic stressors; and biological agents such as viruses, bacteria, or fungi.

Occupational exposure can occur through various routes, including inhalation, skin contact, ingestion, or injection. Prolonged or repeated exposure to these hazards can increase the risk of developing acute or chronic health conditions, such as respiratory diseases, skin disorders, neurological damage, or cancer.

Employers have a legal and ethical responsibility to minimize occupational exposures through the implementation of appropriate control measures, including engineering controls, administrative controls, personal protective equipment, and training programs. Regular monitoring and surveillance of workers' health can also help identify and prevent potential health hazards in the workplace.

Occupational diseases are health conditions or illnesses that occur as a result of exposure to hazards in the workplace. These hazards can include physical, chemical, and biological agents, as well as ergonomic factors and work-related psychosocial stressors. Examples of occupational diseases include respiratory illnesses caused by inhaling dust or fumes, hearing loss due to excessive noise exposure, and musculoskeletal disorders caused by repetitive movements or poor ergonomics. The development of an occupational disease is typically related to the nature of the work being performed and the conditions in which it is carried out. It's important to note that these diseases can be prevented or minimized through proper risk assessment, implementation of control measures, and adherence to safety regulations.

... production also emits carbon disulfide. As of 2004[update], about 250 g of carbon disulfide is emitted per ... About 30 g of carbon disulfide is emitted per kilogram of carbon black produced. About 0.341 g of carbon disulfide is emitted ... Carbon monosulfide Carbon subsulfide Carbon diselenide 1949 Holland Tunnel fire, accident with truck carrying carbon disulfide ... Carbon disulfide (also spelled as carbon disulphide) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula CS2 and structure S=C=S ...
It catalyzes the hydrolysis of carbon disulfide. Carbon disulfide occurs naturally in the mudpots of volcanic solfataras. It is ... Carbon disulfide hydrolase is an enzyme with a molecular mass of 23,576 Da. The enzyme is hexadecameric. ... "Evolution of a new enzyme for carbon disulphide conversion by an acidothermophilic archaeon". Nature. 478 (7369): 412-416. ...
This page provides supplementary chemical data on carbon disulfide. The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety ...
Most rayon is now produced using the viscose process, which uses toxic carbon disulfide. Carbon disulfide emissions are ... "Chapter 5.4 : Carbon disulfide". Air Quality Guidelines (PDF) (2 ed.). WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark. ... Blake, Nicola J. (2004). "Carbonyl sulfide and carbon disulfide: Large-scale distributions over the western Pacific and ...
Carbon disulfide, used in rayon production, increases the risk of heart attacks and strokes in rayon workers (among other ... "Chapter 5.4 : Carbon disulfide". Air Quality Guidelines (PDF) (2 ed.). WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark. ... The lyocell process does not use carbon disulfide. By the late 1980s, the manufacture of clothing was quickly moving to South ... The production of lyocell does not use carbon disulfide, but is more expensive than viscose rayon. In January 1993, the Tencel ...
Myerson, Albert L. (1954). "Combustion studies: Carbon disulfide-oxygen explosions". Journal of the Franklin Institute. 257 (4 ...
The plant emitted carbon disulfide (CS2). In 1991, the EPA found the carbon disulfide emissions of the Axis plant to be more ... of the carbon disulfide it used. In 1993-1997, the plant was upgraded in a manner that increased the reuse efficiency of carbon ... Courtalds did not monitor carbon disulfide concentrations in its stacks or in air around the factory. "2021 U.S. Gazetteer ... but would not have improved revenue by decreasing carbon disulfide demand, so improved spinning machines were bought instead. ...
... reacts with sulfur to form carbon disulfide, and it reacts with steam in the coal-gas reaction used in coal gasification ... Carbon chauvinism Carbon detonation Carbon footprint Carbon star Carbon planet Gas carbon Low-carbon economy Timeline of carbon ... Carbon can form very long chains of interconnecting carbon-carbon bonds, a property that is called catenation. Carbon-carbon ... The system of carbon allotropes spans a range of extremes: Atomic carbon is a very short-lived species and, therefore, carbon ...
Smyth, H. D. (1934). "Ionization of carbon disulfide by electron impact". Physical Review. 46 (4): 276-77. Bibcode:1934PhRv... ... and carbon disulfide. As Robert H. Dicke, Val Logsdon Fitch, and Rubby Sherr wrote in 1989, "By 1935 his 30 published papers ... Smyth, H. D.; Stueckelberg, E. C. G. (1930). "The ionization of carbon dioxide by electron impact". Physical Review. 36 (3): ... He also published on the ionization of hydrogen, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, nitrogen dioxide, water vapor, sulfur dioxide, ...
... who prepared it by treating hydrogen selenide with carbon tetrachloride in a hot tube. Like carbon disulfide, carbon diselenide ... Pure distilled carbon diselenide has an odor very similar to that of carbon disulfide, but mixed with air, it creates extremely ... It is the selenium analogue of carbon disulfide (CS2) and carbon dioxide (CO2). This light-sensitive compound is insoluble in ... 2005). "Poly(Carbon Disulfide), Poly(Carbon Diselenide), and Polythiocyanogen". Inorganic Polymers. 21. doi:10.1002/14356007. ...
Carbon disulfide is chlorinated using an iodine catalyst. The following equations operate most efficiently at temperatures ... doi:10.1021/cr50021a003 Manchiu D. S. Lay, Mitchell W. Sauerhoff And Donald R. Saunders "Carbon Disulfide" in Ullmann's ... The more volatile byproducts such as carbon tetrachloride and sulfur dichloride can be removed by distillation. The separation ... It reacts with iron, evolving carbon tetrachloride. Perchloromethyl mercaptan is oxidized by nitric acid to ...
Mercury sulfide and carbon disulfide are also produced. "Mercuric thiocyanate (Compound)". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved ... Igniting mercury thiocyanate causes it to form an insoluble brown mass that is primarily carbon nitride, C3N4. ...
... and a carbon dichalcogenide (X1=C=X2). The reaction of carbon disulfide (CS2) with electron deficient acetylene derivatives is ... H. D. Hartzler (1972). "1,3-Dithiolium carbenes from acetylenes and carbon disulfide". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 95 (13): 4379-4387. ... The carbene carbon has an sp-hybridisation, the two remaining orthogonal p-orbitals each conjugating with one of the aromatic ... Another family of carbenes is based on a cyclopropenylidene core, a three-carbon ring with a double bond between the two atoms ...
"On the detection of higher order carbon sulfides (CSx; x=4-6) in low temperature carbon disulfide ices". Chemical Physics ... Carbon tetroxide or Oxygen carbonate (in its C2v isomer) is a highly unstable oxide of carbon with formula CO 4. It was ... was first detected in electron-irradiated ices of carbon dioxide via infrared spectroscopy. The isovalent carbon tetrasulfide ... Jamiesona, Corey S.; Mebelb, Alexander M.; Kaiser, Ralf I. (2007). "Novel Detection of the C2v isomer of carbon tetraoxide (CO4 ...
C2S2 is made along with carbon subsulfide and carbon monosulfide, in an electric discharge in carbon disulfide vapour. In its ... "Photopolymerization of Liquid Carbon Disulfide Produces Nanoscale Polythiene Films". Journal of the American Chemical Society. ... Ethenedithione or ethylenedithone is an unstable chemical substance with formula S=C=C=S made from carbon and sulfur. ... Zhang, Zhong; Pu, Liang; Li, Qian-shu; King, R. Bruce (2014). "The facile coupling of carbon monochalcogenides to ...
"On the detection of higher order carbon sulfides (CSx; x=4-6) in low temperature carbon disulfide ices". Chemical Physics ... The double carbon to oxygen bond is the shortest at 1.180 Å. There is no carbon-to-carbon bond as there is only one carbon atom ... or carbon monoxide and oxygen, or carbon trioxide and oxygen. Carbon pentaoxide is less volatile than carbon dioxide, remaining ... Carbon pentaoxide, carbon pentoxide or tetraoxolan-5-one is an unstable molecular oxide of carbon. The molecule has been ...
Optimum pH for P. marquandii growth is 5-6. It is sensitive to organic chemicals like carbon disulfide. Paecilomyces marquandii ... Oxygen uptake of P. marquandii is reduced by saturated 8-11 carbon chain fatty acids as a sole carbon source but favoured by ... Growth is inhibited at atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide less than 3%. Paecilomyces marquandii exhibits antagonism ...
"On the detection of higher order carbon sulfides (CSx; x = 4-6) in low temperature carbon disulfide ices". Chemical Physics ... Carbon hexoxide or carbon hexaoxide is an oxide of carbon with an unusually large quantity of oxygen. The molecule has been ... The reaction proceeds by breaking atomic oxygen from carbon dioxide: CO2 → CO + O The atomic oxygen then reacts with carbon ... dioxide to form carbon trioxide, and similar reactions occur to generate the series of ring oxides carbon tetroxide and carbon ...
... carbon disulfide, and strong acids. Retailers have sold both end products as "bamboo fabric" to cash in on bamboo's current ... The Poor Man's Carbon Sink Bamboo in Climate Change and Poverty Alleviation (PDF). FAO Forestry Department. 2009. "About ... Moreover, because of the rapid growth, bamboo is an effective climate change mitigation and carbon sequestration crop, ... carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation. Bamboo is versatile and has notable economic and cultural significance in ...
It is synthesized by treating ethylenediamine with carbon disulfide. Ethylene thioureas are an excellent accelerant of ...
... carbon disulfide, and strong acids. Retailers have sold both end products as "bamboo fabric" to cash in on bamboo's current ...
... dissolves in carbon disulfide, forming a complex thiocarbamate. Coniine solidifies into a soft crystalline mass at −2 ° ... The error in the amount of carbon is due, in part, to his having assumed that the atomic mass of carbon is 6, not 12 - a common ... a Schiff base differing from coniine only by its carbon-nitrogen double bond in the ring. This pathway results in natural ...
The compound carbon disulfide, CS2 is described with the structural formula i.e. S=C=S. This molecule is not a disulfide in the ... disulfide species". A disulfide ensemble is a grouping of all disulfide species with the same number of disulfide bonds, and is ... Disulfides where the two R groups are the same are called symmetric, examples being diphenyl disulfide and dimethyl disulfide. ... This process of disulfide rearrangement (known as disulfide shuffling) does not change the number of disulfide bonds within a ...
S. Sakai et al., Reaction of Dialkyltin Dialkoxides with Carbon Disulfide at Higher Temperature. Preparation of Orthocarbonates ... and carbon disulfide. Tetraethoxymethane is a water-clear, aromatic or fruity smelling, liquid of low-viscosity which is ... and carbon disulfide, Synthesis 1984 (3), 233-234, doi:10.1055/s-1984-30785. J. H. Ruth, Odor Thresholds and Irritation Levels ... is the reaction of dialkyltin dialkoxides with carbon disulfide at elevated temperature in an autoclave: A more recent ...
It is soluble in dichloromethane, chloroform, benzene, diethyl ether, carbon disulfide and turpentine. Petroleum jelly is ... carbon disulfide, chloroform, or turpentine oil; soluble in ether, solvent hexane, or in most fixed and volatile oils, the ... with carbon numbers mainly higher than 25), originally promoted as a topical ointment for its healing properties. Vaseline has ...
... ates react with carbon disulfide to give thioxanthate (RSCS− 2). Free radicals derived from mercaptans, called thiyl ... an oxidation reaction can generate a cystine unit with a disulfide bond (−S−S−). Disulfide bonds can contribute to a protein's ... The formation of carbon-centred radicals could lead to protein damage via the formation of C−C bonds or backbone fragmentation ... Another method involves homolysis of organic disulfides. In biology thiyl radicals are responsible for the formation of the ...
They are prepared by treating anionic complexes with carbon disulfide. James R. Sweet; William A. G. Graham (1982). "Hydrido ... These compounds are intermediates in reactions that involve carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, these species are intermediates ...
Ethylene thiourea is synthesized by treating ethylenediamine with carbon disulfide. In some cases, thioureas can be prepared by ...
The third possibility is using dibutyltin oxide and carbon disulfide:: 38 1,3-propanediol is reacting with dibutyltin oxide to ... ISBN 0-8493-5156-1. Even though the change from a van der Waals dinstance (3.4 Å) to a single carbon-carbon bond (1.54 Å) is ... 2-dioxastannane and carbon disulfide to the cyclic sulfite of 1,3-propanediol. Both are forming together 1,5,7,11-tetraoxa- ... that each ring contains at least one non-carbon atom and that the rings are opening in asymmetrical manner (meaning for example ...
Her paper described a case of workers who developed carbon disulfide intoxication at a rubber manufacturing company and coined ... "Neuropsychiatric Effects in Workers with Occupational Exposure to Carbon Disulfide". Journal of Occupational Health. 45 (2): 81 ...
Carbon disulfide production also emits carbon disulfide. As of 2004[update], about 250 g of carbon disulfide is emitted per ... About 30 g of carbon disulfide is emitted per kilogram of carbon black produced. About 0.341 g of carbon disulfide is emitted ... Carbon monosulfide Carbon subsulfide Carbon diselenide 1949 Holland Tunnel fire, accident with truck carrying carbon disulfide ... Carbon disulfide (also spelled as carbon disulphide) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula CS2 and structure S=C=S ...
Carbon disulfide has been found in at least 210 of the 1,430 National Priorities List sites identified by the Environmental ... Exposure to carbon disulfide can occur by breathing it in the air and by drinking water or eating foods that contain it. ... What is carbon disulfide?. Pure carbon disulfide is a colorless liquid with a pleasant odor that is like the smell of ... What happens to carbon disulfide when it enters the environment?. *The amount of carbon disulfide released into the air through ...
1. AIHA [1956]. Carbon disulfide (carbon bisulfide). In: Hygienic guide series. Am Ind Hyg Assoc Q 17:446-447. ... 1972; Browning 1953; Flury and Zernik 1931; Lefaux 1968], the original IDLH for carbon disulfide (500 ppm) is not being revised ... 2. AIHA [1992]. Emergency response planning guidelines: carbon disulfide. Akron, OH: American Industrial Hygiene Association. ...
Correction to Preamble of Air Contaminants Standard; Carbon Disulfide; Tasks for Which Respirators May be Worn to Achieve ... Correction to Preamble of Air Contaminants Standard; Carbon Disulfide; Tasks for Which Respirators May be Worn to Achieve ...
Many industries use carbon disulfide as a building block in organic chemistry and as an industrial solvent. NIOSH lists some ... Carbon disulfide is described by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) as a colorless liquid with ... "Workers may be harmed from exposure to carbon disulfide with the level of exposure depending upon the dose, duration and work ... Identifying Occupational Exposure Risks to Carbon Disulfide and Other Industrial Chemicals. Introduction. EMSL Analytical ...
In internal comparisons, long-term workers exposed to carbon disulfide and shift work for 4 years or more had a near 3-fold ... Method Jobs with carbon disulfide and shift work exposure (≥1 day) were identified among departments and job titles in specific ... 0422 Coronary artery disease mortality among workers exposed to carbon disulfide and shift work at a chemical manufacturing ... 0422 Coronary artery disease mortality among workers exposed to carbon disulfide and shift work at a chemical manufacturing ...
Note: Reference standards containing greater than 99% carbon disulfide are classified as UN1131 carbon disulfide 3(6.1), I and ... Florida TRPH Standard (HC), 2000 ug/mL, Carbon Disulfide, 1 mL/ampul. Catalog No. 31878 ... Florida TRPH Standard (HC), 2000 ug/mL, Carbon Disulfide, 1 mL/ampul. ...
Uniphos Carbon Disulfide Detector Tubes, 50 - 1,600 ppm range, 5 tubes and 5 pre tubes per box ... Carbon Disulfide Detector Tubes, 50-1600 ppm, (Double Tube 5 Samples/5 Pre Tubes) 5 per box. $52.00. ... Carbon Disulfide Detector Tubes, 50-1600 ppm, (Double Tube 5 Samples/5 Pre Tubes) 5 per box quantity. ... Carbon Disulfide Detector Tubes, 50-1600 ppm, (Double Tube 5 Samples/5 Pre Tubes) 5 per box quantity. ...
Carbon disulfide, CAS 75-15-0, Sulfur compounds, Carbon Disulfide (CS₂) is a colorless, dense, highly refractive, volatile, ... Carbon Disulfide (CS₂) is an effective solvent for oils, waxes, sulfur and many organic compounds. CS₂ is a main building block ... Carbon disulfide is a main building block in the production of agricultural chemicals including some of the fungicides and soil ... Carbon Disulfide (CS₂) is a colorless, dense, highly refractive, volatile, flammable and toxic liquid. CS₂ plays a vital role ...
The flux of carbonyl sulfide and carbon disulfide between the atmosphere and a spruce forest X. Xu, H. G. Bingemer, and U. ... Xu, X., Bingemer, H. G., and Schmidt, U.: The flux of carbonyl sulfide and carbon disulfide between the atmosphere and a spruce ... Abstract. Turbulent fluxes of carbonyl sulfide (COS) and carbon disulfide (CS2) were measured over a spruce forest in Central ...
H. SAKURAI, T. TOYAMA. (1969). Chronic nephropathy in carbon disulfide ...
703,704 Icon Business Centre, Opp. Central Mall, Next to Valentine Cinema, Dumas Road, Surat - 395 007, Gujarat, India ...
Cant find what you are looking for? We represent hundreds of suppliers and not every product is on this site. We will help you find the exact product you need. Call 973-584-8777 for assistance.. ...
Draeger Tubes used in testing for Carbon Disulfide 30/a Draeger Part # CH23201 Measuring Range: 32 - 3,200 ppm (10 Tests per ...
... Author. EHRSSON H. ... "GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF BARBITURATES AFTER EXTRACTIVE METHYLATION IN CARBON DISULFIDE;s:9:\u0000*\u0000jtitle ... "GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF BARBITURATES AFTER EXTRACTIVE METHYLATION IN CARBON DISULFIDE;s:8:\u0000*\u0000place ... "GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF BARBITURATES AFTER EXTRACTIVE METHYLATION IN CARBON DISULFIDE;s:9:\u0000*\u0000jtitle ...
Carbon Disulfide Standard Safety Data Sheet for NV-130-1. * Safety Data Sheets ...
One booklet about carbon disulfide poisoning, published in 1938. Scope and Content. Booklet titled Carbon Disulfide Poisoning: ... Carbon Disulfide Poisoning, With a Report of Six Cases Notifications. Held at: Science History Institute Archives [Contact Us] ... Carbon Disulfide Poisoning: With a Report of Six Cases was donated to the Science History Institute (formerly the Chemical ... Carbon Disulfide Poisoning: With a Report of Six Cases, 1938, Science History Institute Archives, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. ...
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.. ...
Carbon dioxide. 124-38-9. 1988. Carbon disulfide. 75-15-0. 1988. ...
Carbon disulfide. 2.6 BoPET. 3.1[2] Paper, printing. 1.4[3] (200 kHz) ...
Combustion chemistry of carbon disulphide (CS2). Posted on November 3, 2020. by Aditi ...
Carbon disulfide Single-Component Organic Standard, 1,000 µg/mL (1,000 ppm), CAS #75-15-0 in Methanol-P&T, 1 mL. ... Carbon disulfide Single-Component Organic Standard, 1,000 µg/mL (1,000 ppm), CAS #75-15-0 in Methanol-P&T, 1 mL ...
Key term: carbon disulfide. Review 1975;1(2):63-77 pdf Vascular effects of carbon disulfide: a review.. Tolonen M Original ... Ten-year coronary mortality of workers exposed to carbon disulfide.. Tolonen M, Nurminen M, Hernberg S 1981;7 suppl 4:20-27 pdf ... Eight-year follow-up of viscose rayon workers exposed to carbon disulfide.. Hernberg S, Tolonen M, Nurminen M Original article ... Electrophysiological studies on rabbits in long-term exposure to carbon disulfide.. Seppäläinen AM, Linnoila I Original article ...
Carbon disulfide (CS2) has a vapor pressure of 300 Torr at r…. Posted on August 29, 2023. , by Essays Research ... Carbon disulfide (CS2) has a vapor pressure of 300 Torr at room temperature (almost half of atmospheric pressure). A sample of ...
Carbon Disulfide, 2.5-50 PPM, SCS-2 (DB) Colorimetric Stain Tubes. Regular price $52.00 Sale ...
Carbon disulfide: Reduced or absent sensory nerve action potentials (SNAPs) are common; conduction velocities are usually ... Seppalainen AM, Tolonen E. Neurotoxicity of long term effects of carbon disulfide in the viscose rayon industry. Scand J Work ... Effects on the peripheral nervous system of workers exposure to carbon disulfide. Neurotoxicology. 1983. 4(1):53-65. [QxMD ... Toxicological profile for carbon disulphide. US Department of Health and Human Services. 1994. ...
Carbon Disulfide. *Cyanide. *Chlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins (CDDs). *n-Hexane. *Naphthalene. *Perfluoroalkyls ...
Carbon Disulfide. *Chloroethane. *Chloroform. *Chlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins (CDDs). *n-Hexane. *Naphthalene ...
If the stain is badly colored due to artificial food colorings, try poulticing with carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride or ... Carbon Disulfide (CS2): *A colorless flammable poisonous liquid used as a solvent for rubber and as an insect fumigant. ... Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4): *A colorless, nonflammable, toxic liquid that has an odor resembling chloroform and is used as a ...
  • Reduction of carbon disulfide with sodium affords sodium 1,3-dithiole-2-thione-4,5-dithiolate together with sodium trithiocarbonate: 4 Na + 4 CS2 → Na2C3S5 + Na2CS3 Chlorination of CS2 provides a route to carbon tetrachloride: CS2 + 3 Cl2 → CCl4 + S2Cl2 This conversion proceeds via the intermediacy of thiophosgene, CSCl2. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is also a valued intermediate in chemical synthesis of carbon tetrachloride. (wikipedia.org)
  • carbon tetrachloride: insoluble(lit. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Reactions of Carbonyl Sulfide and Carbon Disulfide with Iron and Ruthenium Complexes. (northwestern.edu)
  • Dive into the research topics of 'Reactions of Carbonyl Sulfide and Carbon Disulfide with Iron and Ruthenium Complexes. (northwestern.edu)
  • Small amounts of carbon disulfide are released by volcanic eruptions and marshes. (wikipedia.org)
  • In nature, small amounts of carbon disulfide are found in gases released to the earth's surface as, for example, in volcanic eruptions or over marshes. (cdc.gov)
  • In nature, small amounts of carbon disulfide are found in The people most often exposed to carbon disulfide are workers in plants that use carbon disulfide in their manu gases released to the earth's surface as, for example, in volca facturing processes. (cdc.gov)
  • A mixture of hydrogen chloride and carbon monoxide (Note 2) is led to the bottom of the reaction bottle through tube B at such rates that the carbon monoxide is admitted uniformly during seven hours and the hydrogen chloride at about one-half this rate. (orgsyn.org)
  • The rates of flow of the two gases may be compared by the bubbling in wash bottles C and D. The extent of absorption can be estimated from the bubbling of the effluent gases in wash bottle E. The carbon monoxide is absorbed almost quantitatively at the beginning, and as the mixture thickens the absorption becomes less complete. (orgsyn.org)
  • In place of this large container for carbon monoxide it is possible to generate the gas more conveniently by adding 170 g. (141 cc., 3.69 moles) of pure formic acid (sp. (orgsyn.org)
  • In order to ensure a smooth and constant flow of carbon monoxide , the formic acid is placed in a dropping funnel which extends through a two-holed rubber stopper in the neck of the distilling flask. (orgsyn.org)
  • Compared to the isoelectronic carbon dioxide, CS2 is a weaker electrophile. (wikipedia.org)
  • CS2 once was manufactured by combining carbon (or coke) and sulfur at 800-1000 °C. C + 2S → CS2 A lower-temperature reaction, requiring only 600 °C, utilizes natural gas as the carbon source in the presence of silica gel or alumina catalysts: 2 CH4 + S8 → 2 CS2 + 4 H2S The reaction is analogous to the combustion of methane. (wikipedia.org)
  • Commercial carbon disulfide is made by combining carbon and sulfur at very high temperatures. (cdc.gov)
  • People may be exposed by breathing air, drinking water, made by combining carbon and sulfur at very high tempera or eating foods that contain it. (cdc.gov)
  • Carbon Disulfide (CS₂) is an effective solvent for oils, waxes, sulfur and many organic compounds. (nouryon.com)
  • Exposure to carbon disulfide can occur by breathing it in the air and by drinking water or eating foods that contain it. (cdc.gov)
  • However, the test is not specific for carbon disulfide exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • Workers may be harmed from exposure to carbon disulfide with the level of exposure depending upon the dose, duration and work being done," said Joe Frasca, Senior Vice President, Marketing at EMSL Analytical, Inc. "Exposure can occur by breathing contaminated air, skin contact, or by drinking water or foods that contain it. (emsl.com)
  • To help protect workers, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set a Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) and NIOSH has a Recommended Exposure Limit (REL) for carbon disulfide. (emsl.com)
  • EMSL Analytical offers industrial hygiene and environmental testing services to detect and monitor for occupational exposure risks to carbon disulfide and many other potential chemical hazards. (emsl.com)
  • Method Jobs with carbon disulfide and shift work exposure (≥1 day) were identified among departments and job titles in specific years. (bmj.com)
  • Electrophysiological studies on rabbits in long-term exposure to carbon disulfide. (sjweh.fi)
  • Many industries use carbon disulfide as a building block in organic chemistry and as an industrial solvent. (emsl.com)
  • Pure carbon disulfide has a pleasant, ether- or chloroform-like odor, but commercial samples are usually yellowish and are typically contaminated with foul-smelling impurities. (wikipedia.org)
  • Carbon disulfide is described by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) as a colorless liquid with an ether-like odor. (emsl.com)
  • Carbon disulfide (also spelled as carbon disulphide) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula CS2 and structure S=C=S. It is a colorless, flammable, neurotoxic liquid that is used as a building block in organic synthesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • High concentrations of carbon disulfide have caused skin burns when the chemical accidentally touched people's skin. (cdc.gov)
  • One chemical test using urine can be done to tell whether the levels of breakdown substances from carbon disulfide are higher than normal. (cdc.gov)
  • Carbon Disulfide Poisoning: With a Report of Six Cases was donated to the Science History Institute (formerly the Chemical Heritage Foundation) by Charlotte Glauser in 2015. (upenn.edu)
  • Furthermore, we now find that the chemical specificity of the cyclocondensation reaction is not restricted to isothiocyanates , but includes dithiocarbamates, and related thiocarbonyl compounds such as carbon disulfide , certain substituted thiourea derivatives, and xanthates. (bvsalud.org)
  • Mario Chemnitz, scientist at Leibniz IPHT and first author of the publication, explains the unusual effect as follows: "The fiber core is filled with carbon disulfide, a liquid chemical compound with a very high refractive index. (nanowerk.com)
  • Pure carbon disulfide is a colorless liquid with a pleasant odor that is like the smell of chloroform. (cdc.gov)
  • Most carbon disulfide in the air and surface water is from Pure carbon disulfide is a colorless liquid with a pleasant manufacturing and processing activities. (cdc.gov)
  • High concentrations of carbon disulfide have caused skin workweek. (cdc.gov)
  • The impure carbon disulfide that is usually used in most industrial processes is a yellowish liquid with an unpleasant odor, like that of rotting radishes. (cdc.gov)
  • disulfide that is usually used in most industrial processes is a Carbon disulfide does not stay dissolved in water very yellowish liquid with an unpleasant odor, like that of rotting long, and it also moves through soils fairly quickly. (cdc.gov)
  • We investigated exposures to carbon disulfide and shift work and their association with coronary artery disease. (bmj.com)
  • Carbon disulfide evaporates at room temperature, and the vapor is more than twice as heavy as air. (cdc.gov)
  • The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) reports that carbon disulfide evaporates at room temperature and the vapor is more than twice as heavy as air. (emsl.com)
  • Carbon disulfide (CS2) has a vapor pressure of 300 Torr at r. (essaysresearch.org)
  • Upon treatment with sodium sulfide, carbon disulfide affords trithiocarbonate: Na2S + CS2 → [Na+]2[CS32−] Carbon disulfide does not hydrolyze readily, although the process is catalyzed by an enzyme carbon disulfide hydrolase. (wikipedia.org)
  • After pregnant rats breathed carbon disulfide in the air, some of the newborn rats died or had birth defects. (cdc.gov)
  • The Occupational Safety and Health Administration pregnant rats breathed carbon disulfide in the air, some of the (OSHA) has set a limit of 20 parts of carbon disulfide per mil newborn rats died or had birth defects. (cdc.gov)
  • Histochemical and electron microscopic observations on the myoneural junctions of rats with carbon disulfide induced polyneuropathy. (sjweh.fi)
  • However, these workers may have been exposed to other chemicals besides carbon disulfide. (cdc.gov)
  • Has the federal government made posed to other chemicals besides carbon disulfide. (cdc.gov)
  • Carbon disulfide is a main building block in the production of agricultural chemicals including some of the fungicides and soil fumigants that allow farmers to increase yields. (nouryon.com)
  • Carbon disulfide is also a precursor to dithiocarbamates, which are used as drugs (e.g. (wikipedia.org)
  • Two different compounds, 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HD) and carbon disulfide (CS 2 ), cause axonopathies characterized by the formation of neurofilaments (NF) containing enlargements in preterminal regions of central and peripheral axons. (utmb.edu)
  • The people most often exposed to carbon disulfide are workers in plants that use carbon disulfide in their manufacturing processes. (cdc.gov)
  • In internal comparisons, long-term workers exposed to carbon disulfide and shift work for 4 years or more had a near 3-fold increase in coronary artery disease mortality, compared to workers exposed less than 4 years. (bmj.com)
  • Eight-year follow-up of viscose rayon workers exposed to carbon disulfide. (sjweh.fi)
  • Systolic time intervals as a measure of left ventricular function in viscose rayon workers exposed to carbon disulfide. (sjweh.fi)
  • Ten-year coronary mortality of workers exposed to carbon disulfide. (sjweh.fi)
  • A cross-sectional medical and industrial hygiene survey of workers exposed to carbon disulfide. (sjweh.fi)
  • Carbon disulfide has been linked to both acute and chronic forms of poisoning, with a diverse range of symptoms. (wikipedia.org)
  • Acute effects of tetraethyltiuram disulfide on serum levels of hypophyseal hormones in humans. (sjweh.fi)
  • The amount of carbon disulfide released into the air through natural processes is difficult to judge because it is so small. (cdc.gov)
  • Carbon disulfide is also used as an insecticide for the fumigation of grains, nursery stock, in fresh fruit conservation and as a soil disinfectant against insects and nematodes. (wikipedia.org)
  • People may also be exposed through skin contact with soil, water, or other substances that contain carbon disulfide. (cdc.gov)
  • There are no definitive data in humans or animals that indicate a carcinogenic potential for carbon disulfide. (cdc.gov)
  • The principal industrial uses of carbon disulfide, consuming 75% of the annual production, are the manufacture of viscose rayon and cellophane film. (wikipedia.org)
  • Most carbon disulfide in the air and surface water is from manufacturing and processing activities. (cdc.gov)
  • Carbon disulfide does not stay dissolved in water very long, and it also moves through soils fairly quickly. (cdc.gov)
  • Carbon disulfide does not appear to be taken up in significant amounts by the organisms living in water. (cdc.gov)
  • People who breathed carbon disulfide near an accident involving a railroad car showed changes in breathing and some chest pains. (cdc.gov)
  • One unique feature of carbon disulfide is that the molecules orient themselves with a certain time delay. (nanowerk.com)
  • What happens to carbon disulfide when it enters the environment? (cdc.gov)
  • Carbon disulfide evaporates rapidly when released to the environment. (cdc.gov)
  • At very high levels, carbon disulfide may be life-threaten is so small. (cdc.gov)
  • This fact sheet answers the most frequently asked health questions about carbon disulfide. (cdc.gov)
  • How can carbon disulfide affect my health? (cdc.gov)
  • The Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), and the EPA have not classified carbon disulfide for carcinogenicity. (cdc.gov)
  • At very high levels, carbon disulfide may be life-threatening because of its effects on the nervous system. (cdc.gov)
  • It also requires special equipment and cannot tell you exactly how much carbon disulfide you were exposed to or predict whether harmful effects will occur. (cdc.gov)
  • Vascular effects of carbon disulfide: a review. (sjweh.fi)