The plant genus in the Cannabaceae plant family, Urticales order, Hamamelidae subclass. The flowering tops are called many slang terms including pot, marijuana, hashish, bhang, and ganja. The stem is an important source of hemp fiber.
The excessive use of marijuana with associated psychological symptoms and impairment in social or occupational functioning.
Inhaling and exhaling the smoke from CANNABIS.
A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound.
Compound isolated from Cannabis sativa extract.
Compounds having the cannabinoid structure. They were originally extracted from Cannabis sativa L. The most pharmacologically active constituents are TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL; CANNABINOL; and CANNABIDIOL.
Psychotic organic mental disorders resulting from the toxic effect of drugs and chemicals or other harmful substance.
A physiologically inactive constituent of Cannabis sativa L.
Drugs obtained and often manufactured illegally for the subjective effects they are said to produce. They are often distributed in urban areas, but are also available in suburban and rural areas, and tend to be grossly impure and may cause unexpected toxicity.
Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug.
Detection of drugs that have been abused, overused, or misused, including legal and illegal drugs. Urine screening is the usual method of detection.
Disorders related to substance abuse.
A subclass of cannabinoid receptor found primarily on central and peripheral NEURONS where it may play a role modulating NEUROTRANSMITTER release.
Disorders in which there is a loss of ego boundaries or a gross impairment in reality testing with delusions or prominent hallucinations. (From DSM-IV, 1994)
Drugs capable of inducing illusions, hallucinations, delusions, paranoid ideations, and other alterations of mood and thinking. Despite the name, the feature that distinguishes these agents from other classes of drugs is their capacity to induce states of altered perception, thought, and feeling that are not experienced otherwise.
Categorical classification of MENTAL DISORDERS based on criteria sets with defining features. It is produced by the American Psychiatric Association. (DSM-IV, page xxii)
A loosely defined grouping of drugs that have effects on psychological function. Here the psychotropic agents include the antidepressive agents, hallucinogens, and tranquilizing agents (including the antipsychotics and anti-anxiety agents).
Compounds that interact with and stimulate the activity of CANNABINOID RECEPTORS.
Behaviors associated with the ingesting of alcoholic beverages, including social drinking.
The age, developmental stage, or period of life at which a disease or the initial symptoms or manifestations of a disease appear in an individual.
Individuals who leave school, secondary or college, prior to completion of specified curriculum requirements.
Compounds that interact with and modulate the activity of CANNABINOID RECEPTORS.
Disorders affecting TWINS, one or both, at any age.
Chronic mental disorders in which there has been an insidious development of a permanent and unshakeable delusional system (persecutory delusions or delusions of jealousy), accompanied by preservation of clear and orderly thinking. Emotional responses and behavior are consistent with the delusional state.
The co-existence of a substance abuse disorder with a psychiatric disorder. The diagnostic principle is based on the fact that it has been found often that chemically dependent patients also have psychiatric problems of various degrees of severity.
A microanalytical technique combining mass spectrometry and gas chromatography for the qualitative as well as quantitative determinations of compounds.
People who take drugs for a non-therapeutic or non-medical effect. The drugs may be legal or illegal, but their use often results in adverse medical, legal, or social consequences for the users.
Standardized procedures utilizing rating scales or interview schedules carried out by health personnel for evaluating the degree of mental illness.
A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4)
Clinical or physiological indicators that precede the onset of disease.
A class of G-protein-coupled receptors that are specific for CANNABINOIDS such as those derived from CANNABIS. They also bind a structurally distinct class of endogenous factors referred to as ENDOCANNABINOIDS. The receptor class may play a role in modulating the release of signaling molecules such as NEUROTRANSMITTERS and CYTOKINES.
A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior.
The aggregate of social and cultural institutions, forms, patterns, and processes that influence the life of an individual or community.
Tobacco used to the detriment of a person's health or social functioning. Tobacco dependence is included.
Inhaling and exhaling the smoke of burning TOBACCO.
Two offspring from the same PREGNANCY. They are from two OVA, fertilized at about the same time by two SPERMATOZOA. Such twins are genetically distinct and can be of different sexes.
An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.
Any observable response or action of an adolescent.
Any of several South American shrubs of the Erythroxylon genus (and family) that yield COCAINE; the leaves are chewed with alum for CNS stimulation.
Factors associated with the definitive onset of a disease, illness, accident, behavioral response, or course of action. Usually one factor is more important or more obviously recognizable than others, if several are involved, and one may often be regarded as "necessary". Examples include exposure to specific disease; amount or level of an infectious organism, drug, or noxious agent, etc.
The misuse of phencyclidine with associated psychological symptoms and impairment in social or occupational functioning.
The observable, measurable, and often pathological activity of an organism that portrays its inability to overcome a habit resulting in an insatiable craving for a substance or for performing certain acts. The addictive behavior includes the emotional and physical overdependence on the object of habit in increasing amount or frequency.
The presence of co-existing or additional diseases with reference to an initial diagnosis or with reference to the index condition that is the subject of study. Comorbidity may affect the ability of affected individuals to function and also their survival; it may be used as a prognostic indicator for length of hospital stay, cost factors, and outcome or survival.

Recent progress in the neurotoxicology of natural drugs associated with dependence or addiction, their endogenous agonists and receptors. (1/374)

Nicotine in tobacco, tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 9-THC) in marijuana and morphine in opium are well known as drugs associated with dependence or addiction. Endogenous active substances that mimic the effects of the natural drugs and their respective receptors have been found in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Such active substances and receptors include acetylcholine (ACh) and the nicotinic ACh receptor (nAChR) for nicotine, anandamide and CB1 for delta 9-THC, and endomorphins (1 and 2) and the mu (OP3) opioid receptor for morphine, respectively. Considerable progress has been made in studies on neurotoxicity, in terms of the habituation, dependence and withdrawal phenomena associated with these drugs and with respect to correlations with endogenous active substances and their receptors. In this article we shall review recent findings related to the neurotoxicity of tobacco, marijuana and opium, and their toxic ingredients, nicotine, delta 9-THC and morphine in relation to their respective endogenous agents and receptors in the CNS.  (+info)

Cannabis use and cognitive decline in persons under 65 years of age. (2/374)

The purpose of this study was to investigate possible adverse effects of cannabis use on cognitive decline after 12 years in persons under age 65 years. This was a follow-up study of a probability sample of the adult household residents of East Baltimore. The analyses included 1,318 participants in the Baltimore, Maryland, portion of the Epidemiologic Catchment Area study who completed the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) during three study waves in 1981, 1982, and 1993-1996. Individual MMSE score differences between waves 2 and 3 were calculated for each study participant. After 12 years, study participants' scores declined a mean of 1.20 points on the MMSE (standard deviation 1.90), with 66% having scores that declined by at least one point. Significant numbers of scores declined by three points or more (15% of participants in the 18-29 age group). There were no significant differences in cognitive decline between heavy users, light users, and nonusers of cannabis. There were also no male-female differences in cognitive decline in relation to cannabis use. The authors conclude that over long time periods, in persons under age 65 years, cognitive decline occurs in all age groups. This decline is closely associated with aging and educational level but does not appear to be associated with cannabis use.  (+info)

Nail analysis for drugs of abuse: extraction and determination of cannabis in fingernails by RIA and GC-MS. (3/374)

Fingernail clippings were evaluated as analytical specimens for the detection and quantitation of cannabinoids. Specimens were obtained from consenting adults attending a drug clinic, along with information concerning the drugs which they had used over the previous six months. Methods for the surface decontamination and extraction of the specimens were evaluated. Detergent, water, and methanol washes followed by alkaline hydrolysis and liquid-liquid extraction were selected for use in the study. Extracts were analyzed by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to detect and quantitate cannabinoids present in fingernail clippings. Positive RIA results were obtained from specimens from six known cannabis users. The mean cannabinoid concentration in fingernail clippings determined by RIA was 1.03 ng/mg. Using GC-MS, the mean delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol concentration in fingernail clippings from a further 14 known cannabis users was 1.44 ng/mg. Using GC-MS, the average 11-nor-delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid concentration in fingernail clippings from three known cannabis users extracted in acidic pH was 19.85 ng/mg. Based on these results, fingernails are potentially useful biological specimens for the detection of past cannabis use in cases of medicolegal interest.  (+info)

Urinary excretion profiles of 11-nor-9-carboxy-delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol: a delta9-THCCOOH to creatinine ratio study. (4/374)

Monitoring the major cannabinoid metabolite (delta9-THCCOOH) to creatinine ratio (M/C) has been used to predict new drug use. According to Huestis and Cone, the best accuracy (85.4%) for predicting new marijuana use was a ratio > or = 0.5 from two urine specimens collected at least 24 h apart. Manno et al. recommended an M/C ratio of > or = 1.5. Subjects with a history of chronic marijuana use were screened for cannabinoid use by immunoassay (50-ng/mL cutoff), and presumptive positives were confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for delta9-THCCOOH (15-ng/mL cutoff). Creatinine was analyzed with a cutoff concentration of 25 mg/dL. The study objective was to apply the criteria from both groups of workers to determine if consecutive urine specimens (collected at least 24 h apart) positive for cannabinoids could be used to differentiate new marijuana use from the excretion of residual cannabinoid metabolite (delta9-THCCOOH) in an uncontrolled setting. Serial urine specimens (826) were collected from 26 individuals. Huestis and Cone and Manno et al. ratios indicated new drug use in 83% and 33% of serial urine specimens collected at least 24 h apart, respectively. Clinically, the Huestis and Cone ratio is recommended because of a lower false-negative rate (7.4%) than the Manno et al. false-negative rate (24%). In legal situations, we recommend using the Manno et al. ratio because of its lower false-positive rate (0.1%) as stated by Huestis and Cone.  (+info)

Marijuana: medical implications. (5/374)

Over 50 percent of people will use marijuana sometime in their life. While intoxication lasts two to three hours, the active ingredient in marijuana, delta-9-tetrahydro-cannabinol, can accumulate in fatty tissues, including the brain and testes. Adverse effects from marijuana use include decreased coordination, epithelial damage to the lungs, increased risk of infection, cardiovascular effects and cognitive deficits. Unexplained behavior changes, altered social relationships and poor performance at school or work can signify a drug problem. Treatment requires a combination of education, social support, drug monitoring and attention to comorbid medical and psychiatric conditions.  (+info)

Detection of drug misuse--an addictive challenge. (6/374)

It is now accepted that drug misuse is a large and growing problem in the United Kingdom, some estimates of the number of regular illicit drug users being as high as three million. The aim of this paper is to provide insight into the methods used to detect drug misuse. The strategy adopted by one laboratory is described and methods of screening for, and identification of, a wide range of compounds are provided. No claim is made that this is the best approach or that the list of drugs detected is comprehensive; the range of drugs encountered is always increasing and the lists are constantly updated. It is hoped that users of toxicology laboratory services will gain an appreciation of the capabilities and limitations of the techniques available; and that those who may wish to provide such a service will find the necessary information in a readily accessible format.  (+info)

Purification and some properties of an aminopeptidase from the seeds of Cannabis sativa. (7/374)

An aminopeptidase (HSA) with a molecular mass of 78 kDa was purified from hemp (Cannabis sativa) seeds. The activity was inhibited by monoiodeacetic acid, p-chloromercuri-phenylsulfonic acid, and Zn2+ ion. The specificity of HSA was similar to that of a leucyl aminopeptidase [EC 3.4.11.1] from mammalian cytosol. However, other enzyme properties were different from these of leucyl aminopeptidase.  (+info)

Marijuana smoking and reduced pressure in human eyes: drug action or epiphenomenon? (8/374)

Normal pressure within the human eye was reduced after smoking a socially relevant dose of marijuana (12 mg. delta9-9-tetrahydrocannabinol), but only for light to moderate users who experienced a substantial "high" and a state of peaceful relaxation from the experimental dose. Analysis suggests an indirect effect of the drug associated with relaxation-a psychophysiologic state that can be produced by drug and nondrug means.  (+info)

Cannabis is a plant genus that includes three species: Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica, and Cannabis ruderalis. It contains psychoactive compounds called cannabinoids, the most notable of which is delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which produces the "high" associated with marijuana use.

Cannabis sativa and Cannabis indica are primarily used for recreational and medicinal purposes, while Cannabis ruderalis has a lower THC content and is mainly used for industrial purposes, such as hemp fiber production.

Medicinally, cannabis is used to treat various conditions, including pain, nausea, and loss of appetite associated with cancer and HIV/AIDS, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), among others. However, its use remains controversial due to its psychoactive effects and potential for abuse. Its legal status varies widely around the world, ranging from outright prohibition to decriminalization or full legalization for medical and/or recreational purposes.

"Marijuana Abuse" is not a term that is typically used in the medical field. Instead, the current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which is used by mental health professionals to diagnose mental conditions, uses the term "Cannabis Use Disorder." This disorder is defined as a problematic pattern of cannabis use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress, with symptoms including:

1. Taking larger amounts of cannabis over a longer period than intended.
2. A persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control cannabis use.
3. Spending a lot of time obtaining, using, or recovering from the effects of cannabis.
4. Craving or a strong desire to use cannabis.
5. Recurrent cannabis use resulting in failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, school, or home.
6. Continued cannabis use despite having persistent or recurrent social or interpersonal problems caused or exacerbated by the effects of cannabis.
7. Giving up or reducing important activities because of cannabis use.
8. Recurrent cannabis use in situations in which it is physically hazardous.
9. Continued cannabis use despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem that is likely to have been caused or exacerbated by cannabis.
10. Tolerance, as defined by either:
a) A need for markedly increased amounts of cannabis to achieve intoxication or desired effect.
b) Markedly diminished effect with continued use of the same amount of cannabis.
11. Withdrawal, as manifested by either:
a) The characteristic withdrawal syndrome for cannabis.
b) Cannabis is taken to relieve or avoid withdrawal symptoms.

The diagnosis of a mild, moderate, or severe Cannabis Use Disorder depends on the number of symptoms present.

'Marijuana smoking' is not typically defined in a medical context, but it generally refers to the act of inhaling smoke from burning marijuana leaves or flowers, which are often dried and rolled into a cigarette (known as a "joint"), pipe, or bong. The active ingredients in marijuana, primarily delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), are absorbed through the lungs and enter the bloodstream, leading to various psychological and physiological effects.

It's worth noting that marijuana smoking is associated with several potential health risks, including respiratory problems such as bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), as well as potential cognitive impairments and an increased risk of mental health disorders such as psychosis and schizophrenia in vulnerable individuals.

Dronabinol is a synthetic form of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which is the main psychoactive compound found in cannabis. It is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy in cancer patients, as well as to stimulate appetite and weight gain in patients with AIDS wasting syndrome.

Dronabinol is available in capsule form and is typically taken two to three times a day, depending on the prescribed dosage. It may take several days or even weeks of regular use before the full therapeutic effects are achieved.

Like cannabis, dronabinol can cause psychoactive effects such as euphoria, altered mood, and impaired cognitive function. Therefore, it is important to follow the prescribing instructions carefully and avoid driving or operating heavy machinery while taking this medication. Common side effects of dronabinol include dizziness, drowsiness, dry mouth, and difficulty with coordination.

Cannabidiol (CBD) is a chemical compound found in the Cannabis sativa plant, also known as cannabis or marijuana. It is one of many such compounds, known as cannabinoids, that are found in the plant. Unlike tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which is the main psychoactive component of cannabis and is responsible for the "high" associated with its use, CBD does not have psychoactive effects.

CBD has been studied for its potential therapeutic uses in a variety of medical conditions, including epilepsy, anxiety, and chronic pain. It is available in various forms, such as oils, capsules, and topical creams, and can be taken orally or applied to the skin. However, it is important to note that the use of CBD is not currently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of any medical condition, except for the treatment of certain forms of epilepsy. As with any medication or supplement, it is important to talk to your doctor before using CBD, especially if you are taking other medications or have underlying health conditions.

Cannabinoids are a class of chemical compounds that are produced naturally in the resin of the cannabis plant (also known as marijuana). There are more than 100 different cannabinoids that have been identified, the most well-known of which are delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD).

THC is the primary psychoactive component of cannabis, meaning it is responsible for the "high" or euphoric feeling that people experience when they use marijuana. CBD, on the other hand, does not have psychoactive effects and is being studied for its potential therapeutic uses in a variety of medical conditions, including pain management, anxiety, and epilepsy.

Cannabinoids work by interacting with the body's endocannabinoid system, which is a complex network of receptors and chemicals that are involved in regulating various physiological processes such as mood, appetite, pain sensation, and memory. When cannabinoids bind to these receptors, they can alter or modulate these processes, leading to potential therapeutic effects.

It's important to note that while some cannabinoids have been shown to have potential medical benefits, marijuana remains a controlled substance in many countries, and its use is subject to legal restrictions. Additionally, the long-term health effects of using marijuana or other forms of cannabis are not fully understood and are the subject of ongoing research.

Substance-induced psychosis is a type of psychosis that is caused by the use of drugs, alcohol, or other substances. The American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) defines substance/medication-induced psychotic disorder as follows:

A. Presence of one (or more) of the following symptoms:

1. Delusions.
2. Hallucinations.
3. Disorganized speech (e.g., frequent derailment or incoherence).

B. There is evidence from the history, physical examination, or laboratory findings that the disturbance is caused by the direct physiological effects of a substance (e.g., a drug of abuse, a medication) or a combination of substances.

C. The disturbance does not occur exclusively during the course of a delirium and is not better explained by a psychotic disorder that is not substance/medication-induced. The symptoms in Criterion A developed during or soon after substance intoxication or withdrawal, or after exposure to a medication.

D. The disturbance causes significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

E. The disturbance is not better accounted for by another mental disorder (e.g., major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder).

It's important to note that the diagnosis of substance-induced psychosis requires a thorough medical and psychiatric evaluation to determine if the symptoms are caused by substance use or another underlying mental health condition.

Cannabinol (CBN) is a chemical compound found in cannabis plants. It is one of the many cannabinoids that can be extracted from the plant, but it is not as well-known or widely studied as tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD).

CBN is formed when THC degrades over time due to exposure to air, heat, and light. As a result, older or improperly stored cannabis may contain higher levels of CBN than fresh or properly stored cannabis.

CBN has been shown to have some therapeutic potential, including as a sedative, an anti-inflammatory, and an appetite stimulant. However, more research is needed to fully understand its effects and potential medical uses. It's worth noting that CBN does not produce the psychoactive effects associated with THC.

"Street drugs" is a colloquial term rather than medical jargon, but it generally refers to illegal substances or medications that are used without a prescription. These can include a wide variety of drugs such as marijuana, cocaine, heroin, methamphetamines, ecstasy, LSD, and many others. They are called "street drugs" because they are often bought and sold on the street or in clandestine settings, rather than through legitimate pharmacies or medical professionals. It's important to note that these substances can be highly dangerous and addictive, with serious short-term and long-term health consequences.

Substance Withdrawal Syndrome is a medically recognized condition that occurs when an individual who has been using certain substances, such as alcohol, opioids, or benzodiazepines, suddenly stops or significantly reduces their use. The syndrome is characterized by a specific set of symptoms that can be physical, cognitive, and emotional in nature. These symptoms can vary widely depending on the substance that was being used, the length and intensity of the addiction, and individual factors such as genetics, age, and overall health.

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), published by the American Psychiatric Association, provides the following diagnostic criteria for Substance Withdrawal Syndrome:

A. The development of objective evidence of withdrawal, referring to the specific physiological changes associated with the particular substance, or subjective evidence of withdrawal, characterized by the individual's report of symptoms that correspond to the typical withdrawal syndrome for the substance.

B. The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

C. The symptoms are not better explained by co-occurring mental, medical, or other substance use disorders.

D. The withdrawal syndrome is not attributable to another medical condition and is not better accounted for by another mental disorder.

The DSM-5 also specifies that the diagnosis of Substance Withdrawal Syndrome should be substance-specific, meaning that it should specify the particular class of substances (e.g., alcohol, opioids, benzodiazepines) responsible for the withdrawal symptoms. This is important because different substances have distinct withdrawal syndromes and require different approaches to management and treatment.

In general, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome can be a challenging and potentially dangerous condition that requires professional medical supervision and support during the detoxification process. The specific symptoms and their severity will vary depending on the substance involved, but they may include:

* For alcohol: tremors, seizures, hallucinations, agitation, anxiety, nausea, vomiting, and insomnia.
* For opioids: muscle aches, restlessness, lacrimation (tearing), rhinorrhea (runny nose), yawning, perspiration, chills, mydriasis (dilated pupils), piloerection (goosebumps), nausea or vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal cramps.
* For benzodiazepines: anxiety, irritability, insomnia, restlessness, confusion, hallucinations, seizures, and increased heart rate and blood pressure.

It is essential to consult with a healthcare professional if you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of Substance Withdrawal Syndrome. They can provide appropriate medical care, support, and referrals for further treatment as needed.

Substance abuse detection refers to the process of identifying the use or misuse of psychoactive substances, such as alcohol, illicit drugs, or prescription medications, in an individual. This can be done through various methods, including:

1. Physical examination: A healthcare professional may look for signs of substance abuse, such as track marks, enlarged pupils, or unusual behavior.
2. Laboratory tests: Urine, blood, hair, or saliva samples can be analyzed to detect the presence of drugs or their metabolites. These tests can provide information about recent use (hours to days) or longer-term use (up to several months).
3. Self-report measures: Individuals may be asked to complete questionnaires or interviews about their substance use patterns and behaviors.
4. Observational assessments: In some cases, such as in a treatment setting, healthcare professionals may observe an individual's behavior over time to identify patterns of substance abuse.

Substance abuse detection is often used in clinical, workplace, or legal settings to assess individuals for potential substance use disorders, monitor treatment progress, or ensure compliance with laws or regulations.

Substance-related disorders, as defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), refer to a group of conditions caused by the use of substances such as alcohol, drugs, or medicines. These disorders are characterized by a problematic pattern of using a substance that leads to clinically significant impairment or distress. They can be divided into two main categories: substance use disorders and substance-induced disorders. Substance use disorders involve a pattern of compulsive use despite negative consequences, while substance-induced disorders include conditions such as intoxication, withdrawal, and substance/medication-induced mental disorders. The specific diagnosis depends on the type of substance involved, the patterns of use, and the presence or absence of physiological dependence.

A cannabinoid receptor, CB1, is a G protein-coupled receptor that is primarily found in the brain and central nervous system. It is one of the two main types of cannabinoid receptors, the other being CB2, and is activated by the endocannabinoid anandamide and the phytocannabinoid Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which is the primary psychoactive component of cannabis. The activation of CB1 receptors is responsible for many of the psychological effects of cannabis, including euphoria, altered sensory perception, and memory impairment. CB1 receptors are also found in peripheral tissues, such as the adipose tissue, liver, and muscles, where they play a role in regulating energy metabolism, appetite, and pain perception.

Psychotic disorders are a group of severe mental health conditions characterized by distorted perceptions, thoughts, and emotions that lead to an inability to recognize reality. The two most common symptoms of psychotic disorders are hallucinations and delusions. Hallucinations are when a person sees, hears, or feels things that aren't there, while delusions are fixed, false beliefs that are not based on reality.

Other symptoms may include disorganized speech, disorganized behavior, catatonic behavior, and negative symptoms such as apathy and lack of emotional expression. Schizophrenia is the most well-known psychotic disorder, but other types include schizoaffective disorder, delusional disorder, brief psychotic disorder, shared psychotic disorder, and substance-induced psychotic disorder.

Psychotic disorders can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetics, brain chemistry imbalances, trauma, and substance abuse. Treatment typically involves a combination of medication, therapy, and support services to help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

Hallucinogens are a class of psychoactive substances that alter perception, mood, and thought, often causing hallucinations, which are profound distortions in a person's perceptions of reality. These substances work by disrupting the normal functioning of the brain, particularly the parts that regulate mood, sensory perception, sleep, hunger, and sexual behavior.

Hallucinogens can be found in various forms, including plants, mushrooms, and synthetic compounds. Some common examples of hallucinogens include LSD (d-lysergic acid diethylamide), psilocybin (found in certain species of mushrooms), DMT (dimethyltryptamine), and ayahuasca (a plant-based brew from South America).

The effects of hallucinogens can vary widely depending on the specific substance, the dose, the individual's personality, mood, and expectations, and the environment in which the drug is taken. These effects can range from pleasant sensory experiences and heightened emotional awareness to terrifying hallucinations and overwhelming feelings of anxiety or despair.

It's important to note that hallucinogens can be dangerous, particularly when taken in high doses or in combination with other substances. They can also cause long-term psychological distress and may trigger underlying mental health conditions. As such, they should only be used under the guidance of a trained medical professional for therapeutic purposes.

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is a publication of the American Psychiatric Association (APA) that provides diagnostic criteria for mental disorders. It is widely used by mental health professionals in the United States and around the world to diagnose and classify mental health conditions.

The DSM includes detailed descriptions of symptoms, clinical examples, and specific criteria for each disorder, which are intended to facilitate accurate diagnosis and improve communication among mental health professionals. The manual is regularly updated to reflect current research and clinical practice, with the most recent edition being the DSM-5, published in 2013.

It's important to note that while the DSM is a valuable tool for mental health professionals, it is not without controversy. Some critics argue that the manual medicalizes normal human experiences and that its categories may be too broad or overlapping. Nonetheless, it remains an essential resource for clinicians, researchers, and policymakers in the field of mental health.

Psychotropic drugs, also known as psychoactive drugs, are a class of medications that affect the function of the central nervous system, leading to changes in consciousness, perception, mood, cognition, or behavior. These drugs work by altering the chemical neurotransmitters in the brain, such as dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine, which are involved in regulating mood, thought, and behavior.

Psychotropic drugs can be classified into several categories based on their primary therapeutic effects, including:

1. Antipsychotic drugs: These medications are used to treat psychosis, schizophrenia, and other related disorders. They work by blocking dopamine receptors in the brain, which helps reduce hallucinations, delusions, and disordered thinking.
2. Antidepressant drugs: These medications are used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, and some chronic pain conditions. They work by increasing the availability of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, norepinephrine, or dopamine in the brain, which helps improve mood and reduce anxiety.
3. Mood stabilizers: These medications are used to treat bipolar disorder and other mood disorders. They help regulate the ups and downs of mood swings and can also be used as adjunctive treatment for depression and anxiety.
4. Anxiolytic drugs: Also known as anti-anxiety medications, these drugs are used to treat anxiety disorders, panic attacks, and insomnia. They work by reducing the activity of neurotransmitters such as GABA, which can help reduce anxiety and promote relaxation.
5. Stimulant drugs: These medications are used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. They work by increasing the availability of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, which helps improve focus, concentration, and alertness.

It is important to note that psychotropic drugs can have significant side effects and should only be used under the close supervision of a qualified healthcare provider.

Cannabinoid receptor agonists are compounds that bind to and activate cannabinoid receptors, which are part of the endocannabinoid system in the human body. These receptors are involved in various physiological processes, including pain modulation, appetite regulation, memory, and mood.

There are two main types of cannabinoid receptors: CB1 receptors, which are primarily found in the brain and central nervous system, and CB2 receptors, which are mainly found in the immune system and peripheral tissues.

Cannabinoid receptor agonists can be classified based on their chemical structure and origin. Some naturally occurring cannabinoids, such as THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) and CBD (cannabidiol), are found in the Cannabis sativa plant and can activate cannabinoid receptors. Synthetic cannabinoids, on the other hand, are human-made compounds designed to mimic or enhance the effects of natural cannabinoids.

Examples of cannabinoid receptor agonists include:

1. THC (tetrahydrocannabinol): The primary psychoactive component of marijuana, THC binds to CB1 receptors and produces feelings of euphoria or "high." It also has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and appetite-stimulating properties.
2. CBD (cannabidiol): A non-psychoactive compound found in cannabis, CBD has a more complex interaction with the endocannabinoid system. While it does not bind strongly to CB1 or CB2 receptors, it can influence their activity and modulate the effects of other cannabinoids. CBD is known for its potential therapeutic benefits, including anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anxiolytic, and neuroprotective properties.
3. Synthetic cannabinoids: These are human-made compounds designed to mimic or enhance the effects of natural cannabinoids. Examples include dronabinol (Marinol), a synthetic THC used to treat nausea and vomiting in cancer patients, and nabilone (Cesamet), another synthetic THC used to manage pain and nausea in cancer and AIDS patients.
4. CP 55,940: A potent synthetic cannabinoid agonist that binds to both CB1 and CB2 receptors with high affinity. It is used in research to study the endocannabinoid system and its functions.
5. WIN 55,212-2: Another synthetic cannabinoid agonist that binds to both CB1 and CB2 receptors. It is often used in research to investigate the therapeutic potential of cannabinoids.

It's important to note that while some cannabinoid receptor agonists have demonstrated therapeutic benefits, they can also have side effects and potential risks, particularly when used in high doses or without medical supervision. Always consult a healthcare professional before using any cannabinoid-based medication or supplement.

'Alcohol drinking' refers to the consumption of alcoholic beverages, which contain ethanol (ethyl alcohol) as the active ingredient. Ethanol is a central nervous system depressant that can cause euphoria, disinhibition, and sedation when consumed in small to moderate amounts. However, excessive drinking can lead to alcohol intoxication, with symptoms ranging from slurred speech and impaired coordination to coma and death.

Alcohol is metabolized in the liver by enzymes such as alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). The breakdown of ethanol produces acetaldehyde, a toxic compound that can cause damage to various organs in the body. Chronic alcohol drinking can lead to a range of health problems, including liver disease, pancreatitis, cardiovascular disease, neurological disorders, and increased risk of cancer.

Moderate drinking is generally defined as up to one drink per day for women and up to two drinks per day for men, where a standard drink contains about 14 grams (0.6 ounces) of pure alcohol. However, it's important to note that there are no safe levels of alcohol consumption, and any level of drinking carries some risk to health.

The "age of onset" is a medical term that refers to the age at which an individual first develops or displays symptoms of a particular disease, disorder, or condition. It can be used to describe various medical conditions, including both physical and mental health disorders. The age of onset can have implications for prognosis, treatment approaches, and potential causes of the condition. In some cases, early onset may indicate a more severe or progressive course of the disease, while late-onset symptoms might be associated with different underlying factors or etiologies. It is essential to provide accurate and precise information regarding the age of onset when discussing a patient's medical history and treatment plan.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "student dropouts" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. It generally refers to students who leave school or university before completing their course of study. This can have various social, psychological, and educational implications, but it does not fall under the category of medical definitions.

Cannabinoid receptor modulators are a class of compounds that interact with and modify the function of cannabinoid receptors, which are part of the endocannabinoid system in the human body. These receptors play a role in regulating various physiological processes such as pain, mood, memory, appetite, and immunity.

There are two main types of cannabinoid receptors: CB1 receptors, which are primarily found in the brain and central nervous system, and CB2 receptors, which are mainly found in the immune system and peripheral tissues. Cannabinoid receptor modulators can be classified into three categories based on their effects on these receptors:

1. Agonists: These compounds bind to and activate cannabinoid receptors, leading to a range of effects such as pain relief, anti-inflammation, and mood enhancement. Examples include THC (tetrahydrocannabinol), the psychoactive component of marijuana, and synthetic cannabinoids like dronabinol (Marinol) and nabilone (Cesamet).
2. Antagonists: These compounds bind to cannabinoid receptors but do not activate them, instead blocking or reducing the effects of agonist compounds. Examples include rimonabant (Acomplia), which was withdrawn from the market due to psychiatric side effects, and SR141716A.
3. Inverse Agonists: These compounds bind to cannabinoid receptors and produce effects opposite to those of agonist compounds. Examples include CBD (cannabidiol), a non-psychoactive component of marijuana that has anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, and neuroprotective properties.

Cannabinoid receptor modulators have potential therapeutic applications in various medical conditions such as chronic pain, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, cancer, and mental health disorders. However, further research is needed to fully understand their mechanisms of action and potential side effects.

'Diseases in Twins' is a field of study that focuses on the similarities and differences in the occurrence, development, and outcomes of diseases among twins. This research can provide valuable insights into the genetic and environmental factors that contribute to various medical conditions.

Twins can be classified into two types: monozygotic (identical) and dizygotic (fraternal). Monozygotic twins share 100% of their genes, while dizygotic twins share about 50%, similar to non-twin siblings. By comparing the concordance rates (the likelihood of both twins having the same disease) between monozygotic and dizygotic twins, researchers can estimate the heritability of a particular disease.

Studying diseases in twins also helps understand the role of environmental factors. When both twins develop the same disease, but they are discordant for certain risk factors (e.g., one twin smokes and the other does not), it suggests that the disease may have a stronger genetic component. On the other hand, when both twins share similar risk factors and develop the disease, it implies that environmental factors play a significant role.

Diseases in Twins research has contributed to our understanding of various medical conditions, including infectious diseases, cancer, mental health disorders, and developmental disorders. This knowledge can lead to better prevention strategies, early detection methods, and more targeted treatments for these diseases.

Paranoid disorders are a category of mental disorders characterized by the presence of paranoia, which is defined as a persistent and unfounded distrust or suspicion of others. This can include beliefs that others are trying to harm you, deceive you, or are plotting against you. These beliefs are not based in reality and are firmly held despite evidence to the contrary.

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which is used by mental health professionals to diagnose mental conditions, includes two paranoid disorders: Delusional Disorder and Paranoid Personality Disorder.

Delusional disorder is characterized by the presence of one or more delusions for a month or longer, with no significant hallucinations, disorganized speech, or grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior. The individual's functioning is not markedly impaired and behavior is not obviously odd or bizarre.

Paranoid personality disorder is characterized by a pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others such that their motives are interpreted as malevolent, beginning in early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts. The individual may appear cold and aloof or may be explosively angry if they feel threatened.

It's important to note that these disorders can cause significant distress and impairment in social, occupational, and other areas of functioning. If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of a paranoid disorder, it's important to seek help from a qualified mental health professional.

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) is a powerful analytical technique that combines the separating power of gas chromatography with the identification capabilities of mass spectrometry. This method is used to separate, identify, and quantify different components in complex mixtures.

In GC-MS, the mixture is first vaporized and carried through a long, narrow column by an inert gas (carrier gas). The various components in the mixture interact differently with the stationary phase inside the column, leading to their separation based on their partition coefficients between the mobile and stationary phases. As each component elutes from the column, it is then introduced into the mass spectrometer for analysis.

The mass spectrometer ionizes the sample, breaks it down into smaller fragments, and measures the mass-to-charge ratio of these fragments. This information is used to generate a mass spectrum, which serves as a unique "fingerprint" for each compound. By comparing the generated mass spectra with reference libraries or known standards, analysts can identify and quantify the components present in the original mixture.

GC-MS has wide applications in various fields such as forensics, environmental analysis, drug testing, and research laboratories due to its high sensitivity, specificity, and ability to analyze volatile and semi-volatile compounds.

A "drug user" is a person who uses or consumes illegal drugs, such as heroin, cocaine, or methamphetamine, or misuses prescription medications for recreational purposes or to self-medicate. It's important to note that the term "drug user" can have stigmatizing connotations and may not accurately reflect the complexity of an individual's relationship with drugs. Many prefer terms like "person who uses drugs" or "substance user," which emphasize the personhood and agency of the individual rather than reducing them to their drug use.

It's also worth noting that there is a wide range of drug use behaviors, from occasional recreational use to heavy, dependent use. The medical community recognizes that problematic drug use can lead to negative health consequences, but it's important to approach individuals who use drugs with compassion and understanding rather than judgment. Providing access to evidence-based treatments and harm reduction services can help reduce the risks associated with drug use and support individuals in making positive changes in their lives.

Psychiatric Status Rating Scales are standardized assessment tools used by mental health professionals to evaluate and rate the severity of a person's psychiatric symptoms and functioning. These scales provide a systematic and structured approach to measuring various aspects of an individual's mental health, such as mood, anxiety, psychosis, behavior, and cognitive abilities.

The purpose of using Psychiatric Status Rating Scales is to:

1. Assess the severity and improvement of psychiatric symptoms over time.
2. Aid in diagnostic decision-making and treatment planning.
3. Monitor treatment response and adjust interventions accordingly.
4. Facilitate communication among mental health professionals about a patient's status.
5. Provide an objective basis for research and epidemiological studies.

Examples of Psychiatric Status Rating Scales include:

1. Clinical Global Impression (CGI): A brief, subjective rating scale that measures overall illness severity, treatment response, and improvement.
2. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS): A comprehensive scale used to assess the symptoms of psychosis, including positive, negative, and general psychopathology domains.
3. Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) or Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS): Scales used to evaluate the severity of depressive symptoms.
4. Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS): A scale used to assess the severity of manic or hypomanic symptoms.
5. Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) or Symptom Checklist-90 Revised (SCL-90-R): Scales that measure a broad range of psychiatric symptoms and psychopathology.
6. Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF): A scale used to rate an individual's overall psychological, social, and occupational functioning on a hypothetical continuum of mental health-illness.

It is important to note that Psychiatric Status Rating Scales should be administered by trained mental health professionals to ensure accurate and reliable results.

Alcoholism is a chronic and often relapsing brain disorder characterized by the excessive and compulsive consumption of alcohol despite negative consequences to one's health, relationships, and daily life. It is also commonly referred to as alcohol use disorder (AUD) or alcohol dependence.

The diagnostic criteria for AUD include a pattern of alcohol use that includes problems controlling intake, continued use despite problems resulting from drinking, development of a tolerance, drinking that leads to risky behaviors or situations, and withdrawal symptoms when not drinking.

Alcoholism can cause a wide range of physical and psychological health problems, including liver disease, heart disease, neurological damage, mental health disorders, and increased risk of accidents and injuries. Treatment for alcoholism typically involves a combination of behavioral therapies, medications, and support groups to help individuals achieve and maintain sobriety.

Prodromal symptoms refer to the early, often nonspecific signs or symptoms that appear before the onset of a particular disease or condition. These symptoms can vary widely depending on the specific illness, and they may include things like fatigue, headache, muscle aches, or changes in appetite or sleep patterns.

In some cases, prodromal symptoms may be mild and easily dismissed as simply feeling "under the weather." However, they can also serve as important warning signs that a more serious condition is on the horizon. For example, prodromal symptoms of a migraine headache might include mood changes, food cravings, or neck stiffness in the days leading up to the actual headache.

It's worth noting that not everyone who experiences prodromal symptoms will go on to develop the full-blown illness. However, if you notice any unusual or persistent symptoms that concern you, it's always a good idea to speak with your healthcare provider for further evaluation and guidance.

Cannabinoid receptors are a class of cell membrane receptors in the endocannabinoid system that are activated by cannabinoids. The two major types of cannabinoid receptors are CB1 receptors, which are predominantly found in the brain and central nervous system, and CB2 receptors, which are primarily found in the immune system and peripheral tissues. These receptors play a role in regulating various physiological processes such as appetite, pain-sensation, mood, and memory. They can be activated by endocannabinoids (cannabinoids produced naturally in the body), phytocannabinoids (found in cannabis plants), and synthetic cannabinoids.

Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder characterized by disturbances in thought, perception, emotion, and behavior. It often includes hallucinations (usually hearing voices), delusions, paranoia, and disorganized speech and behavior. The onset of symptoms typically occurs in late adolescence or early adulthood. Schizophrenia is a complex, chronic condition that requires ongoing treatment and management. It significantly impairs social and occupational functioning, and it's often associated with reduced life expectancy due to comorbid medical conditions. The exact causes of schizophrenia are not fully understood, but research suggests that genetic, environmental, and neurodevelopmental factors play a role in its development.

A "social environment" is not a term that has a specific medical definition, but it is often used in the context of public health and social sciences to refer to the physical and social conditions, relationships, and organized institutions that influence the health and well-being of individuals and communities.

The social environment includes factors such as:

* Social support networks (family, friends, community)
* Cultural norms and values
* Socioeconomic status (income, education, occupation)
* Housing and neighborhood conditions
* Access to resources (food, healthcare, transportation)
* Exposure to discrimination, violence, and other stressors

These factors can have a significant impact on health outcomes, as they can influence behaviors related to health (such as diet, exercise, and substance use), as well as exposure to disease and access to healthcare. Understanding the social environment is essential for developing effective public health interventions and policies that promote health equity and reduce health disparities.

Tobacco Use Disorder is a clinical diagnosis described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), used by healthcare professionals to diagnose mental health conditions. It is defined as a problematic pattern of tobacco use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress, as manifested by at least two of the following, occurring within a 12-month period:

1. Tobacco is often taken in larger amounts or over a longer period than was intended.
2. There is a persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control tobacco use.
3. A great deal of time is spent on activities necessary to obtain or use tobacco, or recover from its effects.
4. Craving, or a strong desire or urge to use tobacco, occurs.
5. Recurrent tobacco use results in a failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, school, or home.
6. Important social, occupational, or recreational activities are given up or reduced because of tobacco use.
7. Tobacco use is continued despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem that is likely to have been caused or exacerbated by tobacco.
8. Tolerance, as defined by either of the following:
a. A need for markedly increased amounts of tobacco to achieve intoxication or desired effect.
b. Markedly diminished effect with continued use of the same amount of tobacco.
9. Characteristic withdrawal syndrome for tobacco, or tobacco is taken to relieve or avoid withdrawal symptoms.

The diagnosis excludes nicotine withdrawal that is a normal response to the cessation of tobacco use, intoxication, or substance/medication-induced disorders. Tobacco Use Disorder can be further specified as mild, moderate, or severe based on the number of criteria met.

Smoking is not a medical condition, but it's a significant health risk behavior. Here is the definition from a public health perspective:

Smoking is the act of inhaling and exhaling the smoke of burning tobacco that is commonly consumed through cigarettes, pipes, and cigars. The smoke contains over 7,000 chemicals, including nicotine, tar, carbon monoxide, and numerous toxic and carcinogenic substances. These toxins contribute to a wide range of diseases and health conditions, such as lung cancer, heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and various other cancers, as well as adverse reproductive outcomes and negative impacts on the developing fetus during pregnancy. Smoking is highly addictive due to the nicotine content, which makes quitting smoking a significant challenge for many individuals.

Dizygotic twins, also known as fraternal twins, are a result of two separate sperm fertilizing two separate eggs during conception. These twins share about 50% of their genes, similar to any non-twin siblings. They may be of the same sex or different sexes and can vary in appearance, personality, and interests. Dizygotic twins typically do not share a placenta or a sac in the womb, but they may share a chorion (outer fetal membrane).

Medical Definition:

"Risk factors" are any attribute, characteristic or exposure of an individual that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or injury. They can be divided into modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Modifiable risk factors are those that can be changed through lifestyle choices or medical treatment, while non-modifiable risk factors are inherent traits such as age, gender, or genetic predisposition. Examples of modifiable risk factors include smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and unhealthy diet, while non-modifiable risk factors include age, sex, and family history. It is important to note that having a risk factor does not guarantee that a person will develop the disease, but rather indicates an increased susceptibility.

Adolescent behavior refers to the typical behaviors, attitudes, and emotions exhibited by individuals who are within the developmental stage of adolescence, which generally falls between the ages of 10-24 years old. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines an adolescent as "an individual who is in the process of growing from childhood to adulthood, and whose age ranges from 10 to 19 years." However, it's important to note that the specific age range can vary depending on cultural, societal, and individual factors.

During adolescence, individuals experience significant physical, cognitive, emotional, and social changes that can influence their behavior. Some common behaviors exhibited by adolescents include:

1. Increased independence and autonomy seeking: Adolescents may start to challenge authority figures, question rules, and seek more control over their lives as they develop a stronger sense of self.
2. Peer influence: Adolescents often place greater importance on their relationships with peers and may engage in behaviors that are influenced by their friends, such as experimenting with substances or adopting certain fashion styles.
3. Risk-taking behavior: Adolescents are more likely to engage in risky behaviors, such as reckless driving, substance use, and unsafe sexual practices, due to a combination of factors, including brain development, peer pressure, and the desire for novelty and excitement.
4. Emotional volatility: Hormonal changes and brain development during adolescence can lead to increased emotional intensity and instability, resulting in mood swings, irritability, and impulsivity.
5. Identity exploration: Adolescents are often preoccupied with discovering their own identity, values, beliefs, and goals, which may result in experimentation with different hairstyles, clothing, hobbies, or relationships.
6. Cognitive development: Adolescents develop the ability to think more abstractly, consider multiple perspectives, and engage in complex problem-solving, which can lead to improved decision-making and self-reflection.
7. Formation of long-term relationships: Adolescence is a critical period for establishing close friendships and romantic relationships that can have lasting impacts on an individual's social and emotional development.

It is essential to recognize that adolescent development is a complex and dynamic process, and individual experiences may vary significantly. While some risky behaviors are common during this stage, it is crucial to provide support, guidance, and resources to help adolescents navigate the challenges they face and promote healthy development.

"Coca" is a medication and plant extract that comes from the leaves of the Erythroxylon coca bush, which is native to South America. The active alkaloids in the leaves include cocaine and other related compounds. Coca leaves have been used for centuries by indigenous peoples in the Andean region for their mild stimulant effects and as a remedy for altitude sickness.

However, it's important to note that chewing coca leaves or using coca-based medications is not the same as using illicit forms of cocaine. The concentration of cocaine in coca leaves is relatively low, and traditional use does not typically lead to the severe psychological and physical effects associated with cocaine abuse.

In modern medicine, coca alkaloids are used in the form of purified cocaine for topical anesthesia in eye surgery and other medical procedures. However, the recreational use of cocaine is illegal and highly regulated due to its addictive properties and potential for harm.

In medical terms, "precipitating factors" refer to specific events, actions, or circumstances that trigger the onset of a disease, symptom, or crisis in an individual who is already vulnerable due to pre-existing conditions. These factors can vary depending on the particular health issue, and they may include things like physical stress, emotional stress, environmental triggers, or changes in medication.

For example, in the context of a heart condition, precipitating factors might include strenuous exercise, exposure to extreme temperatures, or the use of certain drugs that increase heart rate or blood pressure. In mental health, precipitating factors for a depressive episode could include significant life changes such as the loss of a loved one, financial difficulties, or a major life transition.

Identifying and managing precipitating factors is an important aspect of preventative healthcare and disease management, as it can help individuals reduce their risk of experiencing negative health outcomes.

Phencyclidine (PCP) is a dissociative drug, which means it alters perception, thoughts, and feelings. It can cause hallucinations and a distorted sense of time, place, and reality. PCP abuse refers to the use of this substance in a manner that is not medically indicated and/or in a way that is harmful to the individual or others. This could include using PCP more frequently or in larger quantities than intended, continuing to use PCP despite negative consequences, or experiencing cravings or withdrawal symptoms when not using PCP. It's important to note that PCP abuse can lead to serious health issues, both physical and psychological, and can be addictive.

Addictive behavior is a pattern of repeated self-destructive behavior, often identified by the individual's inability to stop despite negative consequences. It can involve a variety of actions such as substance abuse (e.g., alcohol, drugs), gambling, sex, shopping, or using technology (e.g., internet, social media, video games).

These behaviors activate the brain's reward system, leading to feelings of pleasure and satisfaction. Over time, the individual may require more of the behavior to achieve the same level of pleasure, resulting in tolerance. If the behavior is stopped or reduced, withdrawal symptoms may occur.

Addictive behaviors can have serious consequences on an individual's physical, emotional, social, and financial well-being. They are often associated with mental health disorders such as depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorder. Treatment typically involves a combination of behavioral therapy, medication, and support groups to help the individual overcome the addiction and develop healthy coping mechanisms.

Comorbidity is the presence of one or more additional health conditions or diseases alongside a primary illness or condition. These co-occurring health issues can have an impact on the treatment plan, prognosis, and overall healthcare management of an individual. Comorbidities often interact with each other and the primary condition, leading to more complex clinical situations and increased healthcare needs. It is essential for healthcare professionals to consider and address comorbidities to provide comprehensive care and improve patient outcomes.

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"VIVO Cannabis Acquires Canna Farms for $133 Million in Cash and Stock". New Cannabis Ventures. Retrieved 2018-09-01. "Ontario ... VIVO Cannabis Inc (formerly ABcann Global) is a Canadian licensed cannabis producer, headquartered in Napanee, Ontario. Prior ... "First Licensed Cannabis Delivery". Retrieved 2021-01-21. VIVO Cannabis Website (Articles with short description, Short ... VIVO works with the Ontario Cannabis Store and the Alberta Gaming, Liquor, and Cannabis Commission as a supplier of ...
... is the advertising of cannabis products to consumers by the cannabis industry through a variety of media. ... 2018 cannabis legalization under Proposition 64. Mail delivery of print advertising for cannabis is prohibited by U.S. Federal ... A form of cross-promotion for cannabis and fast food was used in three California Jack in the Box locations in conjunction with ... Canada's national cannabis legalization will impose strict rules on advertising "similar to those governing the sale of ...
Notable cannabis-related events have included the Cannabis Cup, Global Marijuana March, Hanfparade, High Times Medical Cannabis ... Cannabis Culture and High Times). Cannabis is indigenous to the Indian subcontinent. Cannabis is also known to have been used ... Cannabis use was often viewed to be of lower class and was disliked by many. After the outlawing of cannabis, its consumption ... Cannabis as a product has among the highest number of direct euphemisms, with even more for related elements of cannabis ...
Cannabis and health, Cannabis foods, Cannabis in Denmark, Cannabis in Norway, Cannabis in Sweden, Drink brands, Hemp products, ... Maltos-Cannabis was a Swedish hemp seed-based malt beverage "food remedy" with sedative qualities produced beginning around the ... 502-. Campbell, J. N. (2020-10-23). Bonds That Tie: Chemical Heritage and the Rise of Cannabis Research. Springer Nature. ISBN ... 86-. Media related to Maltos-Cannabis at Wikimedia Commons (Commons category link from Wikidata, Food and drink introduced in ...
... AG is a private equity firm backing businesses engaged in cannabis-related ventures since 2014. It was ... Dezember 2015 Cannabis Legalization In Germany Portals: Cannabis Companies Germany (Orphaned articles from September 2018, All ... Finanzlagebericht Berichtszeitraum 1. Halbjahr 2015 der Deutschen Cannabis AG Deutsche Cannabis AG erwirbt 69% der ... The company was renamed to Deutsche Cannabis AG and tried to raise new capital. In 2015, it began its involvement in its ...
... , or wild marijuana (often referred to in North America as ditch weed), is wild-growing cannabis generally ... Wild cannabis is cultivated in North Korea, where the legal status of cannabis is unknown but commonly thought to be legal. "99 ... of the cannabis eradicated under this program in 2003 was feral cannabis, not cultivated plants.[citation needed] Feral ... The DEA's Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression program was founded in 1979 and provides federal funds nationwide to ...
Cannabis portal Cannabis smoking This article incorporates public domain material from Marijuana (Weed, Cannabis) Drug Facts, ... Cannabis material can be leached in high-proof spirits (often grain alcohol) to create a "Green Dragon". Cannabis can also be ... "Cannabis and Cannabis Extracts: Greater Than the Sum of Their Parts?" (PDF). haworthpress.com. Archived from the original (PDF ... Cannabis consumption refers to the variety of ways cannabis is consumed, among which inhalation (smoking and vaporizing) and ...
Cannabis prohibition, Cannabis and health, Refugees by type, All stub articles, Cannabis stubs). ... Cannabis refugee (or marijuana refugee) is a term, primarily used in the United States and Canada, referring to people who have ... motivated either by a desire to have legal access to cannabis to treat medical conditions for themselves or their family, or to ... legally consume cannabis for any other reason. A related term is trimmigrant, which refers to migrant workers who travel to the ...
Transporting cannabis. Similar to the rules for alcohol, it is illegal to transport cannabis in a motorized vehicle (such as a ... Cannabis and driving. Learn about the laws and penalties, and how cannabis affects your driving. ... It is illegal to take cannabis across the Canadian border. For information on transporting cannabis in an airplane within ... Impairment from cannabis is almost immediate and can last up to 6 hours or more, depending on factors such as THC levels and ...
Capabilities / Cannabis Cannabis. Our team has been instrumental in the transition of the U.S. cannabis industry into the ... Husch Blackwells Cannabis Law Team Recognized with 2019 Top Legal Innovation Award Husch Blackwells Cannabis team, led by ... Cannabis Business Executive: Top Cannabis Businesses, Associations, and Advocacy Organizations Join Forces to Launch U.S. ... Represent clients expanding cannabis operations into Canada.. *Helped keep the Colorado cannabis industry open during the COVID ...
Running a cannabis business is expensive, and running a multi-state cannabis business when each state has its own rules to ... chief executive of Redbird Bioscience a medical cannabis operator and producer of pharmaceutical-grade cannabis for patients in ... Cannabis sales have increased substantially in the last few years, but so has the competition with more growers, retailers and ... Until cannabis is taken of the Schedule One substance list, medical research will be challenging to undertake. Still, ...
The Cannabis Regulatory Agency will establish Michigan as the national model for a regulatory program that stimulates business ...
... After rising dramatically, marijuana arrests are falling and the trend seems likely to continue ... Police union officials were not pleased by De Blasios decision to ease up on cannabis consumers. "I just see it as another ... This month Mayor Bill de Blasio, who during his campaign promised to change the "unjust and wrong" practice of busting cannabis ... Judging from survey data on marijuana use, arrests did not rise in response to increased consumption; nor did the cannabis ...
Smoking Cannabis May Not Be as Harmless as You Think. Heres Why.. 09/02/2023 5:52:53 PM PDT · by Rummyfan · 60 replies Science ... Recreational Cannabis Use By Teens Linked to Risk of Depression, Suicidality. 05/22/2023 7:17:04 AM PDT · by bitt · 24 replies ... Heavy Cannabis Use Linked to Schizophrenia Especially among Young Men. 05/06/2023 12:49:46 PM PDT · by RomanSoldier19 · 69 ... Herd of Sheep Eat 100kg of Cannabis in Greece. 09/21/2023 12:17:34 PM PDT · by nickcarraway · 31 replies Greek Reporter ^ , ...
Cannabis investing has evolved, with investors now having options to invest in ETFs, mutual funds and other structures. In this ... Cannabis Growth Opportunity Corp.. Cannabis Growth Opportunity Corporation, which trades on the Canadian Securities Exchange ... The irony is that while it is available to U.S. investors, it has no exposure to the state-legal cannabis industry in the U.S. ... Bottom-line: Cannabis mutual funds and ETFs are a great concept, but the existing funds have substantial flaws, with perhaps ...
With the expansion of the cannabis industry comes an increase in grow & extraction facilities. But, as with any industrial ... Safety issues for cannabis-related facilities. Often, cannabis-related facilities will focus on one aspect of the industry: ... The cannabis industry has gone through a rapid expansion, especially following the 2016 election. And, with the expansion comes ... The NFPA Standards Council has approved the development of NFPA 420, Standard on Fire Protection of Cannabis Growing and ...
Cannabis. Bears icon Jim McMahon launches cannabis line McMahon, who won Super Bowl XX with the Bears, has dealt with chronic ... Illinois cannabis license winners still waiting CBS 2s Tara Molina talked to two cannabis license winners who have been held ... Cannabis license holders of color say they need help from Illinois state lawmakers Struggling cannabis license holders of color ... Cultivate Cannabis Festival happening this weekend The three-day event focuses on cannabis and the culture surrounding it. ...
c) any record, report, electronic data or other document relating to the promotion of cannabis, a cannabis accessory or a ... k) order the owner or person having possession of cannabis or any other thing to which the provisions of this Act or of the ... j) seize and detain in accordance with this Part, cannabis or any other thing found in the place that the inspector believes on ... found in the place with respect to cannabis, other than the records of the medical condition of individuals, and make copies of ...
Todays Gold Rush is Green with Cannabis KCSAs Cannabis Investor Survey Finds Investors Flocking to Cash in on Cannabis ... The inaugural Cannabis Investor Survey was conducted among more than 250 retail cannabis investors by KCSA Strategic ... "Cannabis investors appear unafraid. As they continue to invest without fear of federal illegality of cannabis and without ... Not only are a majority of investors betting big on the burgeoning cannabis industry, they view cannabis as a long-term ...
Thanks for your interest in our YouTube campaign for TOQi 510 Wireless Charging Cannabis Vaporizer.. Campaign Brief: https:// ...
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Cannabis portal All pages with titles beginning with Cannabis All pages with titles containing Cannabis Cannabis drug testing ... In addition, 13/98 defined fen 蕡 "Cannabis inflorescence" and 13/159 bo 薜 "wild Cannabis". Bouquet, R. J. 1950. Cannabis. ... The oldest known Cannabis in South Asia dates to around 32,000 years ago. The word cannabis is from Greek κάνναβις (kánnabis) ( ... Medical cannabis (or medical marijuana) refers to the use of cannabis and its constituent cannabinoids, in an effort to treat ...
The government is seeking to tighten control over the countrys nascent cannabis industry, revising a draft bill to prevent ... Tighter cannabis rules drafted Cabinet expected to review revised bill next month, but recreational use still a question mark ... Cannabis plants are displayed at the Asia International Hemp Expo at the Queen Sirikit National Convention Center in Bangkok in ... The Pheu Thai Party promoted a hard-line anti-drug campaign ahead before the May 14 election, vowing to again classify cannabis ...
Cannabis is the reason that I can do what I can do now. Its a great alternative to pain management options that are out there ... Cannabis therapy. Medical marijuana dispensary offers educational classes and meeting groups.. By Kelsey Fitzgerald ... One cannabis therapy group called Compassionate Care for Kids will provide a time for parents treating children with medical ... Sierra Wellness is also planning classes like Cannabis 101 to teach people the basics of medical marijuana, and Cooking with ...
Trulieve Cannabis Corp. (CSE: TRUL) (OTCQX: TCNNF) (Trulieve or the Company), a leading and top-performing cannabis company ... Trulieve Cannabis Corp. (CSE: TRUL) (OTCQX: TCNNF) (Trulieve or the Company), a leading and top-performing cannabis company ... Trulieve Cannabis Corp. (CSE: TRUL) (OTCQX: TCNNF) (Trulieve or the Company), a leading and top-performing cannabis company ... Trulieve Cannabis Corp. (CSE: TRUL) (OTCQX: TCNNF) (Trulieve or the Company), a leading and top-performing cannabis company ...
announced that it has completed the worlds largest clinical trial investigating cannabis impairment. The... ... The use of cannabis has grown rapidly in recent years as it has become legalized in more and more jurisdictions, and as ... Since THC from cannabis use can persist in the body for weeks following the last use, measuring THC concentrations in the body ... By solving the problem of a lack of a device that can check for active cannabis impairment, Gaize is paving the way for safe ...
The nose telescope - also known as an olfactometer - is the device used to measure the concentration of cannabis in the air ... Police use nose telescope for cannabis odour mapping. Police in Denver are using a nose telescope to tackle odours from the ... The nose telescope - also known as an olfactometer - is the device used to measure the concentration of cannabis in the air. ...
... cannabis extract that is a cannabis product or on a cannabis accessory that contains a cannabis extract and that is a cannabis ... Marginal note:Cannabis extract - not in discrete units. *. 132.12 (1) In the case of a cannabis extract - or a cannabis ... Marginal note:Cannabis topical - not in discrete units. 132.16 In the case of a cannabis topical - or a cannabis accessory that ... Marginal note:Cannabis topical - discrete units. 132.15 In the case of a cannabis topical - or a cannabis accessory that ...
Cannabis real estate boom: How long will the high returns last? The prospects of employment, as well as the ability to legally ...
MPP Rebuttals to Claims from Opponents of Cannabis Regulation. Data From States That Have Legalized and Regulated Cannabis. * ... The Case for Legalizing Cannabis and Regulating Sales. *Top 10 Reasons to Legalize and Regulate Cannabis ... cannabis legalization (152) cannabis regulation (128) marijuana (126) Vermont (109) dispensaries (104) possession (100) ... State Cannabis Regulation Laws Are Not Preempted By Federal Law. * This document has not yet been updated for the newest ...
Now, researchers have uncovered the hidden antibiotic potential of a non-psychoactive cannabis compound called cannabigerol ( ... Cannabis compound acts as an antibiotic. Date:. February 26, 2020. Source:. American Chemical Society. Summary:. Public health ... "Cannabis compound acts as an antibiotic." ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com. /. releases. /. 2020. /. 02. /. 200226130527.htm ... For centuries, cannabis plants have been used in folk medicine. Today, scientists are only beginning to investigate whether ...
Link between cannabis and mortality is still not established. A recent editorial in this journal implied that as many as 30 000 ... Comparing cannabis with tobacco-again BMJ 2003; 327 :635 doi:10.1136/bmj.327.7416.635 ... The first study done in a cohort of 45 450 male Swedish conscripts, age 18-20 when interviewed about the use of cannabis, ... Firstly, we need to examine published data regarding use of cannabis and mortality. These data come from two large studies. ...
These studies involved patients with diverse etiologies of neuropathic pain and included medical cannabis with different THC ... evaluating medical cannabis for the treatment of neuropathic pain. ... Medical Cannabis for Neuropathic Pain Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2018 Feb 1;22(1):8. doi: 10.1007/s11916-018-0658-8. ... Purpose of review: Many cultures throughout history have used cannabis to treat a variety of painful ailments. Neuropathic pain ...
The cannabis industry has great potential yet to … ... Cannabis Listings flipped this story into Canadian Cannabis ... Cannabis Tours in Canada. Canada has joined the ranks of countries that legalized marijuana which includes Uraguay and Canada. ... The cannabis industry has great potential yet to …. .css-jmzj3k{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox; ...
... DR IVAN HARPER (4.12.00) believes that the increase in cannabis use among youth is the result of a ... Thus it seems hypocritical for prohibitionists like Dr Harper to harp on about the possible harm of cannabis to the user when ... to suggest that cannabis prohibition is very costly to society. I also discovered that those responsible for the 1937 Marijuana ... "the economic benefits of legalising cannabis". Instead, I found a great deal of information, all of it readily accessible at ...
CFAH is not a medical provider or treatment provider and does not provide medical advice. CFAH does not endorse any treatment provider or guarantee the quality of care provided, or the results to be achieved, by any treatment provider. The information provided by CFAH on this website is not a substitute for professional treatment advice ...
In the UK, "cannabis based products for medical use in humans" were rescheduled on 1 November 2018. They were placed in ... Medical cannabis in the UK BMJ 2018; 363 :k4844 doi:10.1136/bmj.k4844 ... In practice, the NHS has warned that "very few people in England are likely to get a prescription for medical cannabis,"1 ... These questions are at the heart of the current debate on the use of cannabis as medicine. ...
  • The experience of our cannabis law practice is a valuable resource for all of our cannabis clients, including medical and retail centers and cultivators, manufacturers of infused products, testing facilities, marijuana technology companies, landlords, private equity funds, credit unions, and security companies. (huschblackwell.com)
  • Led by a USA Nationwide Tier 1 lawyer in Cannabis Law in the 2023 Chambers USA legal directory, members of the Husch Blackwell cannabis law team have helped clients navigate the complex and ever-changing regulations governing the state legal cultivation and sale of marijuana, industrial hemp, and cannabidiol (CBD). (huschblackwell.com)
  • Our team has been immersed in regulatory law for the cannabis, marijuana, and industrial hemp industries from the very beginning, and we continue to devote a significant portion of our practice to assisting clients with compliance. (huschblackwell.com)
  • That year there were about 288,000 marijuana arrests, one for every 52 cannabis consumers. (reason.com)
  • That year there were about 873,000 marijuana arrests , one for every 29 cannabis consumers. (reason.com)
  • A factsheet about the campaign that the administration published on Thursday contains a section dedicated to the president's cannabis reform actions from late last year titled, "Addressing a Failed Approach to Marijuana. (freerepublic.com)
  • The move to rewrite the bill follows Prime Minister Srettha Thavisin's pledge to restrict the use of marijuana to medical purposes, after thousands of weed shops opened across the country since the country became the first in Asia to decriminalise cannabis. (bangkokpost.com)
  • One cannabis therapy group called Compassionate Care for Kids will provide a time for parents treating children with medical marijuana products to meet and compare notes. (newsreview.com)
  • Sierra Wellness is also planning classes like Cannabis 101 to teach people the basics of medical marijuana, and Cooking with Magic Butter Machines, to instruct people on how to make their own dose-accurate edibles-often a process of trial-and-error. (newsreview.com)
  • Snoop Dogg has been an open weed smoker since long before recreational marijuana legalization spread across the U.S. However, once states started to legalize, the global rap icon decided to take his passion a step further by starting his own cannabis company, Leafs by Snoop. (ask.com)
  • In total, 18% of participants were considered marijuana-dependent in at least one of the assessments, and 15% were classified as regular cannabis users in at least one assessment. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • As legislature changes around marijuana usage, Long Island hospitals are seeing an increase in cases of children accidentally ingesting cannabis products. (wshu.org)
  • The bill legalizing recreational marijuana in 2021 was not retroactive, making it difficult to clear the records of people previously charged with cannabis-related offenses. (wshu.org)
  • Public opinion has pushed lawmakers to think about cannabis - and particularly medical cannabis - in different ways than they used to," said John Hudak, a cannabis policy expert at the Brookings Institution, and author of Marijuana: A Short History . (politico.com)
  • The burgeoning industry does face some stiff financial headwinds: The massive stimulus package moving through Congress this week to help beleaguered businesses shuts out cannabis companies from taking advantage of its benefits, reflecting the continued federal illegality of marijuana. (politico.com)
  • Cannabis is a term that refers to marijuana and other drugs made from the same plant. (news-medical.net)
  • Medical cannabis brands include MedReleaf, CanniMed, Aurora and Whistler Medical Marijuana Co. Aurora also has a controlling interest in Bevo Farms , North America's leading supplier of propagated agricultural plants. (newswire.ca)
  • Cannabis, also known as marijuana, is used to treat some symptoms related to cancer. (mskcc.org)
  • In the Netherlands, where the distribution of marijuana has been legalized, the effect of decriminalization has had little effect on the consumption rate of cannabis. (medscape.com)
  • The results presented are based on questions asked in the national public health survey: Have you ever used cannabis (e.g., hash or marijuana)? (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
  • Three species may be recognized: Cannabis sativa, C. indica, and C. ruderalis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Most strains of Cannabis are short day plants, with the possible exception of C. sativa subsp. (wikipedia.org)
  • It's made from the flowers, leaves, and resin (sticky chemical) of the Cannabis sativa plant. (mskcc.org)
  • Introduction Cannabis sativa has been used for a wide variety of industrial, medical, and non-medical uses for thousands of years, yet remains a source of controversy across the fields of medicine, law, and occupational safety1-5. (cdc.gov)
  • It is derived from the plant Cannabis sativa . (medlineplus.gov)
  • A herd of sheep grazing in the semi-flooded plain of Thessaly, Greece "invaded" a greenhouse that cultivated medicinal cannabis and ate around a hundred kilograms, reports say. (freerepublic.com)
  • Cannabis oil use has fanned international debate in medical circles, with advocates of medicinal cannabis claiming its effectiveness in pain management and treatment of diseases including cancer, glaucoma, multiple sclerosis and epilepsy. (iol.co.za)
  • I am writing at Patient A.'s request regarding payment for the use of medicinal cannabis to treat his occupational injuries… Patient A. is a 55-year-old retired/disabled peace officer who sustained serious injuries in a work-related motor-vehicle accident in 1998. (counterpunch.org)
  • In summary… medicinal cannabis is an appropriate treatment in this case and is preferred to Marinol, opiate or other standard drugs. (counterpunch.org)
  • The results offer support to people with TS who "want to approach their doctor to try medicinal cannabis when other drugs have not worked or are intolerable," said Mosley, with the Wesley Research Institute and QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia. (medscape.com)
  • Exploring potential anti-inflammatory effects of medicinal cannabis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Not only are a majority of investors betting big on the burgeoning cannabis industry, they view cannabis as a long-term investment. (prnewswire.com)
  • NOTE: Many of these materials have not been updated yet to reflect that Delaware and Minnesota legalized cannabis in April and May, 2023, and a few do not have updates for Maryland and Missouri's laws, which passed in November 2022. (mpp.org)
  • Cite this: Novel Cannabis Oil Curbs Tics in Severe Tourette's - Medscape - Jun 15, 2023. (medscape.com)
  • Cite this: An Angry Cannabis User Who Rams Another Motorist's Car - Medscape - Jul 05, 2023. (medscape.com)
  • Nov. 17, 2022 /PRNewswire-PRWeb/ -- Today, Gaize, Inc. announced that it has completed the world's largest clinical trial investigating cannabis impairment. (prweb.com)
  • Experts expect the legal cannabis market in the United States to top $30 billion in 2022. (ask.com)
  • Findings from recent studies in Canada, where cannabis is legal on a federal level, show increases in adult cannabis use but as of the most recent study in 2022, no significant increases in cannabis use among adolescents. (eurekalert.org)
  • In January 2022, there were about 428,000 people working in the legal cannabis industry across the country. (cdc.gov)
  • As the law steadily softens across the country, research into the long-term effects of cannabis is more important than ever. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • There is no literature that focuses specifically on NMC use by elderly PWE, and this represents a "major knowledge gap, especially given the high prevalence of epilepsy in the elderly and the effects of cannabis on cognition," the investigators note. (medscape.com)
  • The effects of cannabis can vary massively. (talktofrank.com)
  • Click to skip ahead and see the 5 Best Cannabis Stocks To Buy Now . (yahoo.com)
  • As societal perceptions change, and legislation on medical cannabis relaxes, there is growing interest in the use of medical cannabis for neuropathic pain. (nih.gov)
  • We examined current basic scientific research and data from recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating medical cannabis for the treatment of neuropathic pain. (nih.gov)
  • These studies involved patients with diverse etiologies of neuropathic pain and included medical cannabis with different THC concentrations and routes of administration. (nih.gov)
  • Multiple RCTs demonstrated efficacy of medical cannabis for treating neuropathic pain, with number needed to treat (NNT) values similar to current pharmacotherapies. (nih.gov)
  • Although limited by small sample sizes and short duration of study, the evidence appears to support the safety and efficacy of short-term, low-dose cannabis vaporization and oral mucosal delivery for the treatment of neuropathic pain. (nih.gov)
  • Furthermore, continued research to optimize dosing, cannabinoid ratios, and alternate routes of administration may help to refine the therapeutic role of medical cannabis for neuropathic pain. (nih.gov)
  • The journal Neurology on Feb. 13 published an article by UCSF's Donald I. Abrams, MD, and colleagues establishing that smoked cannabis relieves neuropathic pain (an intense tingling or burning sensation usually occurring in the feet). (counterpunch.org)
  • This history is very consistent with that obtained from many patients in our practice with neuropathic pain syndromes, and a recent study has clearly confirmed the efficacy of cannabis for the treatment of neuropathic pain. (counterpunch.org)
  • Considered one of the first scientifically valid papers in support of marijuana's medicinal benefit, in 2007, Dr. Donald Abrams and colleagues published the results of a randomized placebo-controlled trial examining the effect of smoked cannabis on the neuropathic pain of HIV-associated sensory neuropathy and an experimental pain model. (medscape.com)
  • The authors concluded that smoked cannabis effectively relieved chronic neuropathic pain in HIV-associated sensory neuropathy and was well tolerated by patients. (medscape.com)
  • There are few areas of medical investigation as controversial as cannabis research, but previous studies into the social impact of cannabis have yielded contradictory or unclear findings. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Cannabis Wheaton's all-star team has both industry-leading experience and financial acumen which are key requirements to becoming a national leader in the cannabis industry. (globenewswire.com)
  • Aurora is a global leader in the cannabis industry, serving both the medical and consumer markets. (newswire.ca)
  • We see a world where the inevitable legalization of cannabis has been met with a technology that keeps roads and workplaces safe. (prweb.com)
  • But, as the legalization of cannabis increases around the world, the economic and social burden posed by regular cannabis use could increase as well. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • CANNABIS PROHIBITION COSTLY DR IVAN HARPER (4.12.00) believes that the increase in cannabis use among youth is the result of a university-inspired conspiracy, and that those arguing for the legalisation of cannabis are morally inferior. (mapinc.org)
  • Former IFP MP Mario Oriani Ambrosini fought for the legalisation of cannabis. (iol.co.za)
  • The fund, which has the symbol 'AMREX' and a long record of poor investment performance, changed its focus in late 2016 to the cannabis industry. (forbes.com)
  • The cannabis industry has gone through a rapid expansion, especially following the 2016 election. (nfpa.org)
  • Team members have advised a seller to the largest privately held, vertically integrated U.S. cannabis company and served as regulatory counsel in an acquisition that made our client the largest cannabis operator in Colorado, the second largest cannabis market in the world. (huschblackwell.com)
  • One of the largest cannabis operators in California, NorCal Cannabis, began working with well-known comedian and activist Chelsea Handler to develop three specific vape lines and one edible brand, all made with women in mind. (ask.com)
  • The stock prices of MedMen Enterprises and Tilray, two of the largest cannabis companies in North America, doubled over the last week. (politico.com)
  • Cannabidiol (CBD), for example, is a non-psychoactive cannabis extract that has been used experimentally (often with great success) to treat children who suffer from severe forms of epilepsy. (newsreview.com)
  • The researchers tested the antibacterial activity of 18 cannabis-derived molecules, including cannabidiol (CBD), tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and CBG, against MRSA. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Cannabidiol (CBD) is a bioactive compound in cannabis and is reported to have significant anti-inflammatory properties. (bvsalud.org)
  • The liberalization of cannabis laws in South Australia may have led to a temporary increase in cannabis use among the over‐30 age group. (who.int)
  • Formed at the very outset of the creation of the state-level legal cannabis industry, Husch Blackwell's Cannabis practice is a national leader in the field, serving the first regulated cannabis markets of Colorado, then California, and now advising clients wherever state law permits. (huschblackwell.com)
  • Despite these controversies, a study team, led by Magdalena Cerdá at the University of California, recently conducted a thorough investigation into the social and economic aspects of heavy cannabis use. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The California Supreme court has addressed this issue in People v. Mower (2005) and stated that as long as the statutory conditions are met, cannabis must be treated as '… any other prescription drug. (counterpunch.org)
  • The Los Angeles-based cannabis investment firm manages the process from cultivation to sale, with well-designed dispensaries in California and Nevada that normalize the pot-buying experience. (cnn.com)
  • Cannabis plants are displayed at the Asia International Hemp Expo at the Queen Sirikit National Convention Center in Bangkok in November last year. (bangkokpost.com)
  • The plant is also known as hemp, although this term is often used to refer only to varieties of Cannabis cultivated for non-drug use. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cannabis has long been used for hemp fibre, hemp seeds and their oils, hemp leaves for use as vegetables and as juice, medicinal purposes, and as a recreational drug. (wikipedia.org)
  • Industrial hemp products are made from cannabis plants selected to produce an abundance of fibre. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition to the above, our team regularly advises cannabis clients on emerging federal regulatory issues including, government relations, strategic planning for adult-use and medical business paths, emerging therapies, and new drug development. (huschblackwell.com)
  • Consumers will "begin to insist" on CBD standards agrees Bill Thurman, chief executive of Redbird Bioscience a medical cannabis operator and producer of pharmaceutical-grade cannabis for patients in Oklahoma. (forbes.com)
  • Until cannabis is taken of the Schedule One substance list, medical research will be challenging to undertake. (forbes.com)
  • In contrast, more states are legalizing cannabis for medical or recreational use, and there are efforts to allow exceptions for cannabis in smoke-free laws. (freerepublic.com)
  • As they continue to invest without fear of federal illegality of cannabis and without concern regarding companies that touch the plant, we expect this sentiment will only grow as more and more states expand medical programs and pass recreational use laws," added Lewis Goldberg , Managing Partner at KCSA Strategic Communications and host of The Green Rush podcast. (prnewswire.com)
  • Urge your state legislators to support a compassionate medical cannabis program! (mpp.org)
  • however, more studies are needed to determine the long-term effects of medical cannabis use. (nih.gov)
  • Medical cannabis in. (bmj.com)
  • In the UK, "cannabis based products for medical use in humans" were rescheduled on 1 November 2018. (bmj.com)
  • In practice, the NHS has warned that "very few people in England are likely to get a prescription for medical cannabis," 1 because of the tight restrictions that have been put in place. (bmj.com)
  • A recent wave of cannabis legalization for both medical and recreational purposes has stimulated research on its therapeutic potential. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In the United States, pain is the most common condition for which medical cannabis is taken. (cnn.com)
  • IFP MP Narend Singh said a letter sent to him by the Medical Control Council's working group on cannabis - and seen by The Mercury - indicated it would publish its proposed guidelines on cannabis production for medicinal use following its presentation to the council last week. (iol.co.za)
  • The current framework allows for use of cannabis for medicinal purposes, but under strict regulations which include requesting permission from the Medical Control Council for use in certain exceptional circumstances by registered medical practitioners. (iol.co.za)
  • These results provide evidence that there is a measurable medical benefit to smoking cannabis for these patients," says Abrams. (counterpunch.org)
  • Actually, a lot of the literature seems to indicate that THC is more pro-convulsant, so depending on what type of cannabis patients take, they be doing more harm than good," study investigator Jimmy Li, MD, with the University of Montreal, Canada, told Medscape Medical News . (medscape.com)
  • There is growing interest in the use of cannabis for epilepsy, although medical cannabis may not be readily available, Li explained. (medscape.com)
  • In an interview with Medscape Medical News , Kevin E. Chapman, MD, pediatric neurology specialist at Phoenix Children's Hospital, Arizona, noted that families may try over-the-counter cannabis/CBD products when a child's seizures are difficult to control. (medscape.com)
  • Driven by science and innovation, and with a focus on high-quality cannabis products, Aurora's brands continue to break through as industry leaders in the medical, performance, wellness and adult recreational markets wherever they are launched. (newswire.ca)
  • 15 minutes, three times per day, and preparing cannabis ciga- worker training, and conducting medical monitoring for rettes (prerolls). (cdc.gov)
  • Currently 36 states and the District of Columbia (DC) have laws that make cannabis available to consumers with qualifying medical conditions. (cdc.gov)
  • Therapeutic uses of cannabis / British Medical Association. (who.int)
  • Impairment from cannabis is almost immediate and can last up to 6 hours or more, depending on factors such as THC levels and how it is consumed. (ontario.ca)
  • Gaize has conducted a 350-participant clinical trial on cannabis impairment - the world's largest study of its type. (prweb.com)
  • However, there has historically not been a device capable of detecting active impairment from cannabis. (prweb.com)
  • This data can be evaluated using statistical and machine learning algorithms to determine active impairment from cannabis consumption. (prweb.com)
  • We have really put our cannabis impairment detection product through its paces. (prweb.com)
  • Based on the data we gathered, we have been able to capture important insights into how cannabis impairment manifests in eye movement. (prweb.com)
  • Based on the data we gathered, we have been able to capture important insights into how cannabis impairment manifests in eye movement, and perform algorithmic optimization in preparation for the commercial launch," said Lass. (prweb.com)
  • Since THC from cannabis use can persist in the body for weeks following the last use, measuring THC concentrations in the body are not predictive of the impairment being experienced by the user. (prweb.com)
  • With no product currently available that can accurately detect cannabis impairment in real-time, Gaize is leading the way in providing a solution to an important safety issue. (prweb.com)
  • The Gaize device proposes a novel method for detecting active impairment from cannabis consumption. (prweb.com)
  • By solving the problem of a lack of a device that can check for active cannabis impairment, Gaize is paving the way for safe roads and safe workplaces. (prweb.com)
  • They sell everything from cannabis buds to oil extracts containing less than 0.2% tetrahydrocannabinol - the psychoactive compound that gives users a "high" sensation. (bangkokpost.com)
  • Now, researchers have uncovered the hidden antibiotic potential of a non-psychoactive cannabis compound called cannabigerol (CBG), which helped control methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in mice. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Various cannabis strains have been bred, often selectively to produce high or low levels of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), a cannabinoid and the plant's principal psychoactive constituent. (wikipedia.org)
  • All forms of cannabis are mind-altering (psychoactive) drugs. (news-medical.net)
  • The Cannabis Regulatory Agency will establish Michigan as the national model for a regulatory program that stimulates business growth while preserving safe consumer access to cannabis. (michigan.gov)
  • In particular, she wants to help educate other women about the wellness potential of cannabis with her line and points toward responsible micro-dosing as a way to do so. (ask.com)
  • While I like the concept of an investment fund targeting cannabis stocks, the ones that have been created thus far are not well constructed for the most part. (forbes.com)
  • Handler's line launched in January 2021 and includes cannabis-infused beverages, pre-rolls, chocolates, and even a beauty mask. (ask.com)
  • Connecticut Governor Ned Lamont passed a bill legalizing cannabis in 2021. (wshu.org)
  • Multiple respiratory hazards have been identified in the The employee, a woman aged 27 years, began work at an cannabis cultivation and production industry, in which indoor cannabis cultivation and processing facility on May 20, occupational asthma and work-related exacerbation of 2021. (cdc.gov)
  • means a licence for a drug containing cannabis. (gc.ca)
  • c) a drug containing cannabis. (gc.ca)
  • Kyle Detwiler, chief executive of Clever Leaves , an international operator with brands, extraction facilities, cultivation operations, and other investments in six countries, says that countries like Colombia and Portugal that have been among the first to legalize cannabis "are poised to continue establishing their global dominance in short order. (forbes.com)
  • As a result of intensive selection in cultivation, Cannabis exhibits many sexual phenotypes that can be described in terms of the ratio of female to male flowers occurring in the individual, or typical in the cultivar. (wikipedia.org)
  • Studies in the cannabis cultivation and production industry vacuum with plastic (the outside of which became visibly coated have identified multiple respiratory hazards such as microbial with ground cannabis) and moving her workstation outside the and plant allergens and irritants, as well as chemicals, includ- grinder room. (cdc.gov)
  • Other forms of cannabis include sinsemilla, hashish, and hash oil. (news-medical.net)
  • These are highly concentrated forms of cannabis that are extracted using butane. (talktofrank.com)
  • KCSA is a fully integrated communications agency specializing in public relations, shareholder communications and social media, with expertise in cannabis, financial and professional services, technology, healthcare, digital media and energy. (prnewswire.com)
  • Cannabis affects your judgment, coordination and reaction time, and increases your chances of being in a collision. (ontario.ca)
  • The idea that the use of cannabis increases mortality is worthy of closer examination. (bmj.com)
  • Her prior work shows that cigarette use, however, is much more common among those who use cannabis and findings suggesting that cannabis legalization may lead to increases in cannabis use and cannabis-cigarette co-use among adults. (eurekalert.org)
  • Smoking cannabis with tobacco increases the risk of becoming dependent on nicotine. (talktofrank.com)
  • Eva Grossman, Dispensary Manager for Sierra Wellness Connections, is organizing classes and cannabis therapy groups. (newsreview.com)
  • To help fill the information void, local dispensary Sierra Wellness Connections is holding cannabis therapy groups and classes, to gather patients with similar treatment needs to share their knowledge. (newsreview.com)
  • The Shinnecock Tribal Nation said it will continue plans to open its own cannabis dispensary on eastern Long Island after its partnership with a cannabis holding company ended. (wshu.org)
  • Customers maintain distance while waiting to enter a cannabis dispensary in San Francisco. (politico.com)
  • Scientists in the UK say the heavy consumption of the drug cannabis may trigger psychotic illnesses such as schizophrenia. (news-medical.net)
  • Little evidence has shown that the decriminalization of cannabis has changed the consumption habits of the populations involved. (medscape.com)
  • Access to and consumption of cannabis have increased as a result of more favorable public attitudes and state access laws. (cdc.gov)
  • Israel still leads the world in global cannabis research, and Israeli scientists like chemist Raphael Mechoulam, a researcher at Hebrew University and pioneer in cannabis research, are being hired or given research grants by American organizations. (forbes.com)
  • Headquartered in Edmonton, Alberta, Aurora is a pioneer in global cannabis, dedicated to helping people improve their lives. (newswire.ca)
  • The new standard, which was originally proposed in response to serious fires that have occurred at cannabis facilities in recent years, will provide clear guidance on fire protection standards for facilities that produce, process and extract cannabis. (nfpa.org)
  • Unsurprisingly, his expertise in everything cannabis led him to launch the recreational cannabis company Houseplant , which is a collaborative endeavor with Canadian cannabis giant Canopy Growth. (ask.com)
  • Alongside these four states, another 15 are considering legalizing recreational cannabis use. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • FLORENCE, Italy - A cannabis compound may help reduce psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia over and above the benefits derived from treatment with antipsychotic medications, new research suggests. (medscape.com)
  • Not nearly as common as it used to be, hash (or hashish) is made from the resin of the cannabis plant and can be black, brown, soft or hard - depending on the type. (talktofrank.com)
  • Cannabis flower, concentrates, and a range of edibles. (ask.com)
  • This cannabis production firm uses cannabis grown from independent U.S.-based farmers in order to make its versatile selection of products, which includes flowers, edibles, and vape cartridges. (ask.com)
  • High prices, poor quality product, and uneven regulations on edibles and other cannabis-based products have plagued the legal Canadian industry, which has captured just 14% of the black market's share since legalization in 2018. (yahoo.com)
  • SNDL Inc. (NASDAQ:SNDL) closed its acquisition of Zenabis Group's cannabis business in November, acquiring IP rights to the company's brands and strains as well as a 380,000 square foot indoor growing facility in New Brunswick. (yahoo.com)
  • Though tobacco use is declining among adults in the US, cannabis use is increasing. (freerepublic.com)
  • According to Gallup polls , more than two-thirds of Americans support legalizing cannabis for adults' use. (mpp.org)
  • Legalizing and regulating cannabis for adults has generated hundreds of millions of dollars in new tax revenue and created tens of thousands of jobs . (mpp.org)
  • Sixty-two percent of adults who use cannabis daily perceived pack a day cigarette use to be of "great" risk to health, compared with 73% of those who did not use cannabis in the past year. (eurekalert.org)
  • KCSA's cannabis practice, which is one of the largest in North America for public relations, investor relations and social media, has been representing companies in the cannabis industry for more than five years. (prnewswire.com)
  • The government is seeking to tighten control over the country's nascent cannabis industry, revising a draft bill to prevent misuse of the plant after previously vowing to curb its recreational use. (bangkokpost.com)
  • By studying exposure to cannabis plant matter, the most widely consumed form, we're finding genetic and physiological events in the body that allow cannabis to turn eating behavior on or off. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Although monoecious plants are often referred to as "hermaphrodites", true hermaphrodites - which are less common in Cannabis - bear staminate and pistillate structures together on individual flowers, whereas monoecious plants bear male and female flowers at different locations on the same plant. (wikipedia.org)
  • It does not include dried cannabis, fresh cannabis, cannabis plants or cannabis plant seeds. (gc.ca)
  • means freshly harvested cannabis leaves, flowers or buds, but does not include plant material that can be used to propagate cannabis. (gc.ca)
  • Between its outlaw image, controversial legal status and complex makeup -- the cannabis plant contains more than 400 individual chemicals -- marijuana's action in the brain and body is in many ways a mystery. (cnn.com)
  • Whole plant cannabis is more effective, better tolerated, and less expensive in my experience. (counterpunch.org)
  • Cannabis is a plant-based drug. (talktofrank.com)
  • Also known as grass, weed is made from drying out the leaves and flowering parts of the cannabis plant. (talktofrank.com)
  • She also used her own N95 respirator and wore ing pesticides, and allergens specific to the cannabis plant itself company-required long sleeves and gloves while working. (cdc.gov)
  • According to KCSA's findings, retail investors believe that cannabis has effectively been de-risked. (prnewswire.com)
  • Moffitt, a psychologist at Duke University and the Institute of Psychiatry at King's College London, UK, sums up the findings: "Cannabis may be safer than alcohol for your health, but not for your finances. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Findings presented here show the proportion of young people who used cannabis for the first time when they were 13 years or younger (early age of initiation). (who.int)
  • As the legality of cannabis drifts through a period of flux, the spotlight of scientific research is rarely far away. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Thus it seems hypocritical for prohibitionists like Dr Harper to harp on about the possible harm of cannabis to the user when considerably more damage is done to everyone's health from the use of petroleum products. (mapinc.org)
  • On an episode of The Tonight Show with Jimmy Fallon in 2019, the now-87-year-old cannabis lover revealed that he has a unique position in the company aside from being its founder: Nelson is the "chief tester," meaning that he tries all the products himself. (ask.com)
  • The S.F.-based delivery service allows people to order cannabis products directly from local providers who supply drivers. (cnn.com)
  • The amount of cannabis in these products can vary greatly and sometimes - especially in sweets - other harmful drugs (particularly synthetic cannabinoids ) are added or used instead. (talktofrank.com)
  • Developed through one of the world's leading cannabis companies, Canopy Growth, Stewart's line offers gourmet CBD gummies, CBD oil, CBD soft gels, and CBD for pets. (ask.com)
  • Instead, I found a great deal of information, all of it readily accessible at the Dunedin Public Library and on the Internet, to suggest that cannabis prohibition is very costly to society. (mapinc.org)
  • Using a new procedure to dose lab rats with cannabis vapor, the researchers found how the drug triggers hunger hormones. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The researchers found that the cannabis dose triggered a ghrelin surge. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The researchers are optimistic that deciphering that ways cannabis acts in the body to alter appetite can lead to new treatments for illness-induced anorexia. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The researchers are quick to remind readers that their research "does not support arguments for or against cannabis legalization," their results simply show that "cannabis was not safe for the long-term users tracked" in their study. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • NFL commissioner Roger Goodell said the league is following the work of Israeli researchers who are exploring cannabis as a potential treatment for traumatic brain injury. (cnn.com)
  • A smokeless cannabis-vaporizing device delivers the same level of active therapeutic chemical and produces the same biological effect as smoking cannabis, but without the harmful toxins, according to UCSF researchers. (news-medical.net)
  • The researchers conducted a scoping review of the literature on the use of nonmedical cannabis (NMC) by people with epilepsy (PWE). (medscape.com)
  • 1] Workers in the cannabis industry face potential workplace hazards, including exposure to: Bacteria, mold, and other fungi resulting from high humidity. (cdc.gov)
  • Cannabis and health hazards : proceedings of an ARF/WHO Scientific Meeting on Adverse Health and Behavioral Consequences of Cannabis Use / edited by Kevin O'Brien Fehr and Harold Kalant. (who.int)
  • means cannabis of only one of the classes set out in Schedule 4 to the Act - or a cannabis accessory that contains such cannabis - after it has been packaged and labelled for sale to a consumer at the retail level. (gc.ca)
  • means, in respect of cannabis, a cannabis accessory or an ingredient, containing or having on it anything - including a micro-organism but excluding anything referred to in item 1 or 3 of Schedule 1 to the Act - that may render the cannabis, cannabis accessory or ingredient injurious to human health or unsuitable for human use. (gc.ca)
  • Learn about the laws and penalties, and how cannabis affects your driving. (ontario.ca)
  • Laws and policies regulating the use of tobacco and cannabis are also moving in different directions. (freerepublic.com)
  • Yet only 23 states (and D.C.) have passed laws to legalize and regulate cannabis for individuals over 21. (mpp.org)
  • Only two funds have achieved critical mass, and both of them are heavily exposed to Canadian licensed producers with limited exposure to the U.S. cannabis industry. (forbes.com)
  • When it first debuted, I was concerned with the structure , noting the inclusion of some biotech stocks that are engaged in the development of synthetic cannabinoids, including Insys and Zynerba, as well as ScottsMiracle-Gro, which has a very small amount of exposure to the cannabis industry relative to its overall business. (forbes.com)
  • Still, investors should understand that it has very limited exposure to the state-legal U.S. cannabis industry, holding only Innovative Industrial Properties, which I recently detailed , and SMG. (forbes.com)
  • For these new studies the scientists designed a vapor exposure system to mimic how people often consume cannabis. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Brief exposure to cannabis vapor stimulated a meal even when rats had recently eaten, suggesting that inhaling cannabis tricks appetite circuits in the brain into hunger mode. (sciencedaily.com)
  • We found that cannabis exposure caused more frequent, small meals," stated Davis. (sciencedaily.com)
  • TLRY ) are a few of the best companies to buy that have high exposure to the cannabis industry. (yahoo.com)
  • These are stocks with high exposure to the cannabis industry, which rules out some pharmaceutical companies and brewers for whom cannabis represents just a tiny fraction of their businesses. (yahoo.com)
  • Today, in Alaska, Colorado, Oregon and Washington, the possession and sale of cannabis for medicinal and non-medicinal purposes is legal. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • US cannabis sales will hit $11.7 billion this year and grow to $25 billion by 2025, according to New Frontier Data , a leading cannabis industry analyst. (cnn.com)
  • Cannabis in Painful HIV-associated Sensory Neuropathy: A randomized placebo-controlled trial, Neurology 2007 68 515-521. (counterpunch.org)
  • The remarkable ability of cannabis to substitute for or potentiate the effect of other drugs has been noted by every doctor who employs it in his or her practice. (counterpunch.org)
  • Today, scientists are only beginning to investigate whether different cannabis compounds could be used to treat a variety of diseases. (sciencedaily.com)
  • It's well-accepted that CBD is antiseizure, but THC and other compounds of cannabis, not so much. (medscape.com)
  • Operations and processes that many businesses take for granted-such as commercial banking, business insurance, leasing, and access to capital markets-are challenging in the cannabis space, and we have assisted dozens of enterprises in developing the necessary legal framework to operate their businesses and manage risk. (huschblackwell.com)
  • Additionally, the entire firm serves as a resource when the team is dealing with highly complex and novel legal issues on behalf of cannabis clients. (huschblackwell.com)
  • Both legal and public opinion of cannabis is changing in America. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • These results and others like them are increasingly important as the legal status of cannabis shifts. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Mario had fought tirelessly for this and although he proposed cannabis beyond medicinal use to also include it for recreational use, we agreed to withdraw every clause relating to non-medicinal use in our efforts to ensure it becomes legal. (iol.co.za)
  • Ready-made vapes and vape juices, like nicotine ones but claiming to contain cannabis chemicals like CBD (legal) and THC (not legal), are also available but illegal vapes might contain synthetic cannabinoids instead. (talktofrank.com)
  • ABEYSINGHE, DMUJ, Ayurvedic preparations containing cannabis some analytical aspects of pharmacological and legal importance , University of Sri Jayawardenepura USJ(Main), 2000: xvi,147p. (who.int)
  • The use of cannabis has grown rapidly in recent years as it has become legalized in more and more jurisdictions, and as cultural acceptance grows. (prweb.com)
  • Meanwhile, teenagers' cannabis use rates haven't increased, and voter support has grown . (mpp.org)
  • In the UK, most people mix it with tobacco and roll it into a cannabis cigarette known as a spliff or joint. (talktofrank.com)
  • This paper uses individual level data from the National Drug Strategy Household Surveys to estimate the price responsiveness of participation in cannabis, alcohol and cigarette use. (who.int)
  • In the first six months of this year, a collection of two dozen U.S. cannabis producers analyzed by POLITICO had lost $550 million on $4.5 billion in sales. (yahoo.com)
  • The Pheu Thai Party promoted a hard-line anti-drug campaign ahead before the May 14 election, vowing to again classify cannabis as a narcotic. (bangkokpost.com)
  • According to Cerdá, the team found that "regular cannabis users experienced downward social mobility and more financial problems such as troubles with debt and cash flow than those who did not report such persistent use. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Research from Queen's University Belfast has found that one in ten school children who had reported using cannabis at least once had now become daily users. (news-medical.net)
  • Patient A. has found the modest use of inhaled cannabis to be very effective for pain control and much preferred to previously prescribed medications, particularly opiates. (counterpunch.org)
  • Based on data obtained on the standard sample and data on the highest levels of ?9-THC found in local Cannabis, a permissible maximum of 0.031 percent (w/w) of ?9-THC in MM is proposed. (who.int)
  • also, the illegal status of cannabis means that users might be tied to other illegal activities, or incarcerated, both of which have negative consequences unrelated to cannabis itself. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Adverse health consequences of cannabis use : a survey of scientific studies into the range of damage to health caused by cannabis / Jan Ramström. (who.int)
  • Report of an ARF/WHO Scientific Meeting on Adverse Health and Behavioral Consequences of Cannabis Use : Toronto, Ontario, 30 March - 3 April, 1981 / Addiction Research Foundation. (who.int)
  • Soft black resin, furry green leaves and hard brown lumps, cannabis can look very different depending on its type - but it all comes from cannabis plants. (talktofrank.com)