Bulimia Nervosa
Anorexia Nervosa
Bulimia
Eating Disorders
Binge-Eating Disorder
Feeding Behavior
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Anorexia
Cognitive Therapy
Satiation
Social Control, Informal
Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
Impulsive Behavior
Affect
Personality Inventory
Self-Injurious Behavior
Body Mass Index
Questionnaires
Ghrelin
Body Weight
Patient Dropouts
Fenfluramine
Neuroimaging
Psychopharmacotherapy of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder. (1/225)
Pharmacotherapy for anorexia nervosa is considered to be of limited efficacy. However, many studies suffer methodological limitations, and the utility of newer drugs in the treatment of anorexia has not been examined yet. Although there have been more fruitful investigations on the efficacy of medication in the management of bulimia nervosa, there are still many unresolved issues regarding the optimal management of partial remission during the acute treatment phase and the intensity and duration of pharmacotherapy to achieve optimal prophylaxis. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) control the binge urges in binge-eating disorder, but more trials are required to investigate the utility of SSRIs and other agents in maintenance treatment. We review the current status of psychopharmacotherapy for anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder and evaluate the merits of newer agents in the treatment of these disorders. (+info)Knowledge of oral and physical manifestations of anorexia and bulimia nervosa among dentists and dental hygienists. (2/225)
Despite the crucial role oral health care providers can have in the early identification of eating disorders and the referral and case management of patients with these disorders, little is known concerning their knowledge of oral complications of these disorders. The purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge among dentists and dental hygienists concerning the oral and physical manifestations of eating disorders. Employing a randomized cross-sectional study, data were collected from 576 dentists and dental hygienists randomly selected from the American Dental Association and the American Dental Hygienists' Association. Results indicated low scores concerning knowledge of oral cues, physical cues of anorexia, and physical cues of bulimia among study participants. More dental hygienists than dentists correctly identified oral manifestations of eating disorders (p=.001) and physical cues of anorexia (p=.010) and bulimia (p=.002). As the first health professional to identify oral symptoms of eating disorders, the most important task of the dental care provider when identifying oro-dental signs of eating disorders is to ensure that the patient receives treatment. Implications for education include the addition of conceptual, procedural, and skill-based curricula objectives addressing etiologic assessment and patient communication--thus increasing behavioral capacity for delivery of restorative care and patient referral. (+info)The Eating Disorders Section of the Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA): development and validation. (3/225)
OBJECTIVE: Development and validation of the Eating Disorders Section of the Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA). It is a package of questionnaires, interviews and evaluation techniques, designed to generate DSM-IV and ICD-10 based diagnoses of anorexia, bulimia nervosa and the respective partial syndromes in epidemiological studies, in subjects who are 7 to 17 years old. The parents are interviewed in all cases, as are young people aged 11 or more. METHODS: 174 girls, divided into three groups, were assessed with the Eating Disorders Section of the Development and Well-Being Assessment: 48 with eating disorders, 55 clinical controls (with depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder or gastrointestinal disease) and 71 community controls. The sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of the assessment were investigated by comparing the Development and Well-Being Assessment diagnoses with independent psychiatric diagnoses. The test-retest reliability was investigated by reapplying the measure on 55 subjects after 2 or 3 weeks. RESULTS: For the detection of any DSM-IV and ICD-10 eating disorder, the final Development and Well-Being Assessment diagnosis had a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 94%, positive predictive value of 88%, and a negative predictive value of 100%; there was 95% agreement between the initial and repeat diagnoses (a kappa of 0.81). CONCLUSION: The Eating Disorders Section of the Development and Well-Being Assessment has suitable psychometric properties for use in clinical and epidemiological studies. (+info)Early experiences and their relationship to maternal eating disorder symptoms, both lifetime and during pregnancy. (4/225)
BACKGROUND: There is some evidence that early sexual abuse is an aetiological factor for eating disorder. However, there is sparse information from large-scale, non-clinical studies. AIMS: This study was designed to explore which early experiences, recalled during pregnancy, were associated with both lifetime and antenatal eating disorder symptoms in a community sample. METHOD: Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted of data from questionnaires administered during pregnancy to a community sample of pregnant women. RESULTS: Recall of parental mental health problems and of early unwanted sexual experiences were independently associated with both lifetime eating problems, laxative use and vomiting during pregnancy, and marked concern during pregnancy over shape and weight. CONCLUSIONS: There are public health implications for these results. Eating disorders in mothers represent a risk for child development. It may be important to enquire during pregnancy about a history of eating problems and to provide the opportunity for early experiences to be discussed. (+info)Linkage analysis of anorexia and bulimia nervosa cohorts using selected behavioral phenotypes as quantitative traits or covariates. (5/225)
To increase the likelihood of finding genetic variation conferring liability to eating disorders, we measured over 100 attributes thought to be related to liability to eating disorders on affected individuals from multiplex families and two cohorts: one recruited through a proband with anorexia nervosa (AN; AN cohort); the other recruited through a proband with bulimia nervosa (BN; BN cohort). By a multilayer decision process based on expert evaluation and statistical analysis, six traits were selected for linkage analysis (1): obsessionality (OBS), age at menarche (MENAR), and anxiety (ANX) for quantitative trait locus (QTL) linkage analysis; and lifetime minimum body mass index (BMI), concern over mistakes (CM), and food-related obsessions (OBF) for covariate-based linkage analysis. The BN cohort produced the largest linkage signals: for QTL linkage analysis, four suggestive signals: (for MENAR, at 10p13; for ANX, at 1q31.1, 4q35.2, and 8q13.1); for covariate-based linkage analyses, both significant and suggestive linkages (for BMI, one significant [4q21.1] and three suggestive [3p23, 10p13, 5p15.3]; for CM, two significant [16p13.3, 14q21.1] and three suggestive [4p15.33, 8q11.23, 10p11.21]; and for OBF, one significant [14q21.1] and five suggestive [4p16.1, 10p13.1, 8q11.23, 16p13.3, 18p11.31]). Results from the AN cohort were far less compelling: for QTL linkage analysis, two suggestive signals (for OBS at 6q21 and for ANX at 9p21.3); for covariate-based linkage analysis, five suggestive signals (for BMI at 4q13.1, for CM at 11p11.2 and 17q25.1, and for OBF at 17q25.1 and 15q26.2). Overlap between the two cohorts was minimal for substantial linkage signals. (+info)Autoantibodies against neuropeptides are associated with psychological traits in eating disorders. (6/225)
Previously, we identified that a majority of patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) as well as some control subjects display autoantibodies (autoAbs) reacting with alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) or adrenocorticotropic hormone, melanocortin peptides involved in appetite control and the stress response. In this work, we studied the relevance of such autoAbs to AN and BN. In addition to previously identified neuropeptide autoAbs, the current study revealed the presence of autoAbs reacting with oxytocin (OT) or vasopressin (VP) in both patients and controls. Analysis of serum levels of identified autoAbs showed an increase of IgM autoAbs against alpha-MSH, OT, and VP as well as of IgG autoAbs against VP in AN patients when compared with BN patients and controls. Further, we investigated whether levels of these autoAbs correlated with psychological traits characteristic for eating disorders. We found significantly altered correlations between alpha-MSH autoAb levels and the total Eating Disorder Inventory-2 score, as well as most of its subscale dimensions in AN and BN patients vs. controls. Remarkably, these correlations were opposite in AN vs. BN patients. In contrast, levels of autoAbs reacting with adrenocorticotropic hormone, OT, or VP had only few altered correlations with the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 subscale dimensions in AN and BN patients. Thus, our data reveal that core psychobehavioral abnormalities characteristic for eating disorders correlate with the levels of autoAbs against alpha-MSH, suggesting that AN and BN may be associated with autoAb-mediated dysfunctions of primarily the melanocortin system. (+info)Overeating among seriously overweight children seeking treatment: results of the children's eating disorder examination. (7/225)
OBJECTIVE: We sought to examine rates of eating disorder symptoms among seriously overweight children seeking treatment using the Eating Disorder Examination for Children (ChEDE) and to provide initial data about their association with treatment outcome. METHOD: Overweight children (N = 27) 8-13 years old were interviewed using the ChEDE before participating in a family-based behavioral treatment program. Height and weight were measured pretreatment, posttreatment, and approximately 8 months posttreatment. RESULTS: Fifteen percent of children reported subjective bulimic episodes (SBE). Weight loss did not differ for children with and without SBEs, but concerns about body shape were related to larger weight losses during treatment. CONCLUSION: A considerable minority of treatment-seeking overweight children report an episodic sense of loss of control over eating. Loss of control is related to other disordered eating attitudes and behaviors, but does not appear to affect treatment outcome. Future studies are needed to replicate these initial findings. (+info)An empirical comparison of atypical bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. (8/225)
The International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition (ICD-10) defines atypical bulimia nervosa (ABN) as an eating disorder that encompasses several different syndromes, including the DSM-IV binge eating disorder (BED). We investigated whether patients with BED can be differentiated clinically from patients with ABN who do not meet criteria for BED. Fifty-three obese patients were examined using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV and the ICD-10 criteria for eating disorders. All volunteers completed the Binge Eating Scale (BES), the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90). Individuals fulfilling criteria for both ABN and BED (N = 18), ABN without BED (N = 16), and obese controls (N = 19) were compared and contrasted. Patients with ABN and BED and patients with ABN without BED displayed similar levels of binge eating severity according to the BES (31.05 +/- 7.7 and 30.05 +/- 5.5, respectively), which were significantly higher than those found in the obese controls (18.32 +/- 8.7; P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). When compared to patients with ABN and BED, patients with ABN without BED showed increased lifetime rates of agoraphobia (P = 0.02) and increased scores in the somatization (1.97 +/- 0.85 vs 1.02 +/- 0.68; P = 0.001), obsessive-compulsive (2.10 +/- 1.03 vs 1.22 +/- 0.88; P = 0.01), anxiety (1.70 +/- 0.82 vs 1.02 +/- 0.72; P = 0.02), anger (1.41 +/- 1.03 vs 0.59 +/- 0.54; P = 0.005) and psychoticism (1.49 +/- 0.93 vs 0.75 +/- 0.55; P = 0.01) dimensions of the SCL-90. The BED construct may represent a subgroup of ABN with less comorbities and associated symptoms. (+info)Bulimia nervosa is a mental health disorder that is characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating, followed by compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain. These compensatory behaviors may include self-induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives or diuretics, fasting, or excessive exercise.
Individuals with bulimia nervosa often experience a lack of control over their eating habits and may feel intense shame, guilt, and distress about their binge eating and compensatory behaviors. The disorder can lead to serious medical complications, such as electrolyte imbalances, dehydration, dental problems, and gastrointestinal issues.
Bulimia nervosa typically begins in late adolescence or early adulthood and affects women more often than men. The exact cause of the disorder is not known, but it is believed to be related to a combination of genetic, biological, psychological, and social factors. Treatment for bulimia nervosa may include cognitive-behavioral therapy, medication, nutrition counseling, and support groups.
Anorexia nervosa is a psychological eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight, a distorted body image, and extremely restrictive eating behaviors leading to significantly low body weight. It primarily affects adolescent girls and young women but can also occur in boys and men. The diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa, as per the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), include:
1. Restriction of energy intake relative to requirements leading to a significantly low body weight in the context of age, sex, developmental trajectory, and physical health. Significantly low weight is defined as a weight that is less than minimally normal or, for children and adolescents, less than that expected.
2. Intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, even though underweight.
3. Disturbance in the way in which one's body weight or shape is experienced, undue influence of body weight or shape on self-evaluation, or denial of the seriousness of the current low body weight.
4. In postmenarcheal females, amenorrhea (the absence of at least three consecutive menstrual cycles). A woman is considered to have amenorrhea if her periods occur only following hormone replacement therapy.
Anorexia nervosa can manifest in two subtypes: the restricting type and the binge-eating/purging type. The restricting type involves limiting food intake without engaging in binge eating or purging behaviors, while the binge-eating/purging type includes recurrent episodes of binge eating or purging through self-induced vomiting or misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas.
Anorexia nervosa can lead to severe medical complications, including but not limited to malnutrition, electrolyte imbalances, heart problems, bone density loss, and hormonal disturbances. Early identification, intervention, and comprehensive treatment, which often involve a combination of psychotherapy, nutrition counseling, and medication management, are crucial for improving outcomes and reducing the risk of long-term health consequences.
Bulimia nervosa is a mental health disorder that is characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating, followed by compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain. These compensatory behaviors may include self-induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives or diuretics, fasting, or excessive exercise.
Individuals with bulimia nervosa often have a fear of gaining weight and a distorted body image, which can lead to a cycle of binge eating and purging that can be difficult to break. The disorder can have serious medical consequences, including electrolyte imbalances, dehydration, dental problems, and damage to the digestive system.
Bulimia nervosa typically begins in late adolescence or early adulthood and affects women more often than men. Treatment for bulimia nervosa may include cognitive-behavioral therapy, medication, and nutritional counseling. If left untreated, bulimia nervosa can lead to serious health complications and negatively impact a person's quality of life.
Eating disorders are mental health conditions characterized by significant disturbances in eating behaviors and associated distressing thoughts and emotions. They include several types of disorders, such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, and other specified feeding or eating disorders (OSFED). These disorders can have serious medical and psychological consequences if left untreated.
Anorexia nervosa is characterized by restrictive eating, low body weight, and an intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat. Individuals with anorexia may also have a distorted body image and deny the severity of their low body weight.
Bulimia nervosa involves recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors such as purging (e.g., self-induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives or diuretics), fasting, or excessive exercise to prevent weight gain.
Binge eating disorder is characterized by recurrent episodes of eating large amounts of food in a short period of time, often to the point of discomfort, accompanied by feelings of loss of control and distress. Unlike bulimia nervosa, individuals with binge eating disorder do not engage in compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain.
Other specified feeding or eating disorders (OSFED) include atypical anorexia nervosa, subthreshold bulimia nervosa, and subthreshold binge eating disorder, which may have similar symptoms to the above disorders but do not meet all the diagnostic criteria.
Eating disorders can affect people of any age, gender, race, or ethnicity, and they are often associated with other mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Treatment typically involves a combination of psychological therapy, nutrition counseling, and medical management to address both the physical and psychological aspects of the disorder.
Binge-Eating Disorder (BED) is a type of eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of consuming large amounts of food in a short period of time, often to the point of discomfort or pain. These episodes are accompanied by a loss of control over eating and are not followed by compensatory behaviors such as purging or excessive exercise.
To be diagnosed with BED, an individual must experience these binge-eating episodes at least once a week for three months or more, along with feelings of distress, shame, or guilt about their eating habits. Additionally, the binge eating must occur on average at least once a week for three months.
BED is different from overeating and can cause significant emotional and physical problems, including depression, anxiety, obesity, and other health issues related to weight gain. It is important to seek professional help if you suspect that you or someone you know may have BED.
Body image is a person's perception and attitude towards their own physical appearance, shape, and size. It involves how a person thinks and feels about their body, including their self-perceived strengths and flaws. Body image can be influenced by many factors, such as cultural and societal standards of beauty, personal experiences, and media messages. A positive body image is associated with higher self-esteem, confidence, and overall well-being, while a negative body image can contribute to emotional distress, anxiety, depression, and disordered eating behaviors.
Vomiting is defined in medical terms as the forceful expulsion of stomach contents through the mouth. It is a violent, involuntary act that is usually accompanied by strong contractions of the abdominal muscles and retching. The body's vomiting reflex is typically triggered when the brain receives signals from the digestive system that something is amiss.
There are many potential causes of vomiting, including gastrointestinal infections, food poisoning, motion sickness, pregnancy, alcohol consumption, and certain medications or medical conditions. In some cases, vomiting can be a symptom of a more serious underlying condition, such as a brain injury, concussion, or chemical imbalance in the body.
Vomiting is generally not considered a serious medical emergency on its own, but it can lead to dehydration and other complications if left untreated. If vomiting persists for an extended period of time, or if it is accompanied by other concerning symptoms such as severe abdominal pain, fever, or difficulty breathing, it is important to seek medical attention promptly.
Feeding behavior refers to the various actions and mechanisms involved in the intake of food and nutrition for the purpose of sustaining life, growth, and health. This complex process encompasses a coordinated series of activities, including:
1. Food selection: The identification, pursuit, and acquisition of appropriate food sources based on sensory cues (smell, taste, appearance) and individual preferences.
2. Preparation: The manipulation and processing of food to make it suitable for consumption, such as chewing, grinding, or chopping.
3. Ingestion: The act of transferring food from the oral cavity into the digestive system through swallowing.
4. Digestion: The mechanical and chemical breakdown of food within the gastrointestinal tract to facilitate nutrient absorption and eliminate waste products.
5. Assimilation: The uptake and utilization of absorbed nutrients by cells and tissues for energy production, growth, repair, and maintenance.
6. Elimination: The removal of undigested material and waste products from the body through defecation.
Feeding behavior is regulated by a complex interplay between neural, hormonal, and psychological factors that help maintain energy balance and ensure adequate nutrient intake. Disruptions in feeding behavior can lead to various medical conditions, such as malnutrition, obesity, eating disorders, and gastrointestinal motility disorders.
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is a publication of the American Psychiatric Association (APA) that provides diagnostic criteria for mental disorders. It is widely used by mental health professionals in the United States and around the world to diagnose and classify mental health conditions.
The DSM includes detailed descriptions of symptoms, clinical examples, and specific criteria for each disorder, which are intended to facilitate accurate diagnosis and improve communication among mental health professionals. The manual is regularly updated to reflect current research and clinical practice, with the most recent edition being the DSM-5, published in 2013.
It's important to note that while the DSM is a valuable tool for mental health professionals, it is not without controversy. Some critics argue that the manual medicalizes normal human experiences and that its categories may be too broad or overlapping. Nonetheless, it remains an essential resource for clinicians, researchers, and policymakers in the field of mental health.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Manuals as Topic" is not a recognized medical term or concept. A manual typically refers to a book or guide that provides instructions or information about a particular subject or task. In a medical context, manuals may include clinical practice guidelines, procedural manuals, policy manuals, or training manuals that provide guidance for healthcare professionals in diagnosing, treating, and managing various medical conditions or situations. However, "Manuals as Topic" is too broad and does not refer to a specific medical concept. If you have a more specific question about a particular type of medical manual, I'd be happy to help!
Anorexia is a medical condition defined as a loss of appetite or aversion to food, leading to significant weight loss. It can be a symptom of various underlying causes, such as mental health disorders (most commonly an eating disorder called anorexia nervosa), gastrointestinal issues, cancer, infections, or side effects of medication. In this definition, we are primarily referring to anorexia as a symptom rather than the specific eating disorder anorexia nervosa.
Anorexia nervosa is a psychological eating disorder characterized by:
1. Restriction of energy intake leading to significantly low body weight (in context of age, sex, developmental trajectory, and physical health)
2. Intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, or persistent behavior that interferes with weight gain
3. Disturbed body image, such as overvaluation of self-worth regarding shape or weight, or denial of the seriousness of low body weight
Anorexia nervosa has two subtypes: restricting type and binge eating/purging type. The restricting type involves limiting food intake without engaging in binge eating or purging behaviors (such as self-induced vomiting or misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas). In contrast, the binge eating/purging type includes recurrent episodes of binge eating and compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain.
It is essential to differentiate between anorexia as a symptom and anorexia nervosa as a distinct psychological disorder when discussing medical definitions.
Cognitive Therapy (CT) is a type of psychotherapeutic treatment that helps patients understand the thoughts and feelings that influence behaviors. It is a form of talk therapy where the therapist and the patient work together to identify and change negative or distorted thinking patterns and beliefs, with the goal of improving emotional response and behavior.
Cognitive Therapy is based on the idea that our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are all interconnected, and that negative or inaccurate thoughts can contribute to problems like anxiety and depression. By identifying and challenging these thoughts, patients can learn to think more realistically and positively, which can lead to improvements in their mood and behavior.
In cognitive therapy sessions, the therapist will help the patient identify negative thought patterns and replace them with healthier, more accurate ways of thinking. The therapist may also assign homework or exercises for the patient to practice between sessions, such as keeping a thought record or challenging negative thoughts.
Cognitive Therapy has been shown to be effective in treating a wide range of mental health conditions, including depression, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It is often used in combination with other forms of treatment, such as medication, and can be delivered individually or in group settings.
In medical terms, "hunger" is not specifically defined as a clinical condition. However, it generally refers to the physiological need or desire for food and calories, driven by mechanisms in the brain and body that regulate energy balance. This sensation often arises when the body's energy stores are depleted, or when there has been a prolonged period without food intake.
Hunger is primarily mediated by hormones such as ghrelin, which stimulates appetite, and leptin, which signals satiety. The hypothalamus in the brain plays a crucial role in integrating these hormonal signals to regulate hunger and energy balance. Additionally, other factors like sleep deprivation, stress, and certain medical conditions can also influence feelings of hunger.
Hyperphagia is a medical term that describes excessive eating or increased appetite, often to the point of compulsive overeating. It's more than just a simple increase in hunger or appetite; it's characterized by consuming large amounts of food beyond what is needed for normal growth and health.
This condition can be associated with several medical conditions. For instance, it's a common symptom in Prader-Willi syndrome, a genetic disorder that affects appetite, growth, and cognitive development. It can also occur in certain types of brain injuries or disorders affecting the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that regulates hunger and fullness signals.
However, it's important to note that hyperphagia should not be confused with binge eating disorder, another eating disorder characterized by consuming large amounts of food in a short period of time, but without the feeling of loss of control that is typical of binge eating.
As always, if you or someone else is experiencing symptoms of hyperphagia, it's important to seek medical advice to identify and treat any underlying conditions.
Satiation is a term used in the field of nutrition and physiology, which refers to the feeling of fullness or satisfaction that one experiences after eating food. It is the point at which further consumption of food no longer adds to the sensation of hunger or the desire to eat. This response is influenced by various factors such as the type and amount of food consumed, nutrient composition, energy density, individual appetite regulatory hormones, and gastric distension.
Satiation plays a crucial role in regulating food intake and maintaining energy balance. Understanding the mechanisms underlying satiation can help individuals make healthier food choices and prevent overeating, thereby reducing the risk of obesity and other related health issues.
Satiety response is a term used in the field of nutrition and physiology to describe the feeling of fullness or satisfaction that follows food consumption. It is a complex process regulated by several factors, including the mechanical and chemical signals generated during digestion, hormonal responses, and psychological factors. The satiety response helps control food intake and energy balance by inhibiting further eating until the body has had enough time to metabolize and absorb the nutrients from the meal.
The satiety response can be influenced by various factors such as the type, volume, and texture of food consumed, as well as individual differences in appetite regulation and metabolism. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the satiety response is important for developing strategies to promote healthy eating behaviors and prevent overeating, which can contribute to obesity and other health problems.
In the context of medical and public health, social control in its informal sense refers to the unofficial mechanisms through which society regulates the behavior and conduct of individuals within a group or community. This can include peer pressure, social norms, customs, traditions, and other informal sanctions that discourage deviant behavior and promote conformity to accepted standards of health-related behaviors.
For example, in a community where regular exercise is considered important for maintaining good health, individuals who do not engage in physical activity may face informal social control measures such as disapproval, ridicule, or exclusion from social activities. These unofficial mechanisms can be just as powerful as formal regulations and laws in shaping individual behavior and promoting public health.
Informal social control is often contrasted with formal social control, which refers to the official mechanisms used by institutions such as government agencies, schools, and workplaces to regulate behavior through rules, policies, and laws. However, both forms of social control can interact and reinforce each other in complex ways to shape individual and community health behaviors.
Psychiatric Status Rating Scales are standardized assessment tools used by mental health professionals to evaluate and rate the severity of a person's psychiatric symptoms and functioning. These scales provide a systematic and structured approach to measuring various aspects of an individual's mental health, such as mood, anxiety, psychosis, behavior, and cognitive abilities.
The purpose of using Psychiatric Status Rating Scales is to:
1. Assess the severity and improvement of psychiatric symptoms over time.
2. Aid in diagnostic decision-making and treatment planning.
3. Monitor treatment response and adjust interventions accordingly.
4. Facilitate communication among mental health professionals about a patient's status.
5. Provide an objective basis for research and epidemiological studies.
Examples of Psychiatric Status Rating Scales include:
1. Clinical Global Impression (CGI): A brief, subjective rating scale that measures overall illness severity, treatment response, and improvement.
2. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS): A comprehensive scale used to assess the symptoms of psychosis, including positive, negative, and general psychopathology domains.
3. Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) or Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS): Scales used to evaluate the severity of depressive symptoms.
4. Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS): A scale used to assess the severity of manic or hypomanic symptoms.
5. Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) or Symptom Checklist-90 Revised (SCL-90-R): Scales that measure a broad range of psychiatric symptoms and psychopathology.
6. Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF): A scale used to rate an individual's overall psychological, social, and occupational functioning on a hypothetical continuum of mental health-illness.
It is important to note that Psychiatric Status Rating Scales should be administered by trained mental health professionals to ensure accurate and reliable results.
Impulsive behavior can be defined medically as actions performed without proper thought or consideration of the consequences, driven by immediate needs, desires, or urges. It often involves risky or inappropriate behaviors that may lead to negative outcomes. In a clinical context, impulsivity is frequently associated with certain mental health conditions such as ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder), bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder, and some neurological conditions. It's important to note that everyone can exhibit impulsive behavior at times, but when it becomes a persistent pattern causing distress or functional impairment, it may indicate an underlying condition requiring professional assessment and treatment.
In medical and psychological terms, "affect" refers to a person's emotional or expressive state, mood, or dispositions that are outwardly manifested in their behavior, facial expressions, demeanor, or speech. Affect can be described as being congruent or incongruent with an individual's thoughts and experiences.
There are different types of affect, including:
1. Neutral affect: When a person shows no apparent emotion or displays minimal emotional expressiveness.
2. Positive affect: When a person exhibits positive emotions such as happiness, excitement, or enthusiasm.
3. Negative affect: When a person experiences and displays negative emotions like sadness, anger, or fear.
4. Blunted affect: When a person's emotional response is noticeably reduced or diminished, often observed in individuals with certain mental health conditions, such as schizophrenia.
5. Flat affect: When a person has an almost complete absence of emotional expressiveness, which can be indicative of severe depression or other mental health disorders.
6. Labile affect: When a person's emotional state fluctuates rapidly and frequently between positive and negative emotions, often observed in individuals with certain neurological conditions or mood disorders.
Clinicians may assess a patient's affect during an interview or examination to help diagnose mental health conditions, evaluate treatment progress, or monitor overall well-being.
'Diseases in Twins' is a field of study that focuses on the similarities and differences in the occurrence, development, and outcomes of diseases among twins. This research can provide valuable insights into the genetic and environmental factors that contribute to various medical conditions.
Twins can be classified into two types: monozygotic (identical) and dizygotic (fraternal). Monozygotic twins share 100% of their genes, while dizygotic twins share about 50%, similar to non-twin siblings. By comparing the concordance rates (the likelihood of both twins having the same disease) between monozygotic and dizygotic twins, researchers can estimate the heritability of a particular disease.
Studying diseases in twins also helps understand the role of environmental factors. When both twins develop the same disease, but they are discordant for certain risk factors (e.g., one twin smokes and the other does not), it suggests that the disease may have a stronger genetic component. On the other hand, when both twins share similar risk factors and develop the disease, it implies that environmental factors play a significant role.
Diseases in Twins research has contributed to our understanding of various medical conditions, including infectious diseases, cancer, mental health disorders, and developmental disorders. This knowledge can lead to better prevention strategies, early detection methods, and more targeted treatments for these diseases.
A Personality Inventory is a standardized test used in psychology to assess an individual's personality traits and characteristics. It typically consists of a series of multiple-choice questions or statements that the respondent must rate according to their level of agreement or disagreement. The inventory measures various aspects of an individual's behavior, attitudes, and temperament, providing a quantifiable score that can be compared to normative data to help diagnose personality disorders, assess personal strengths and weaknesses, or provide insights into an individual's likely responses to different situations. Examples of well-known personality inventories include the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and the California Psychological Inventory (CPI).
The medical definition of "eating" refers to the process of consuming and ingesting food or nutrients into the body. This process typically involves several steps, including:
1. Food preparation: This may involve cleaning, chopping, cooking, or combining ingredients to make them ready for consumption.
2. Ingestion: The act of taking food or nutrients into the mouth and swallowing it.
3. Digestion: Once food is ingested, it travels down the esophagus and enters the stomach, where it is broken down by enzymes and acids to facilitate absorption of nutrients.
4. Absorption: Nutrients are absorbed through the walls of the small intestine and transported to cells throughout the body for use as energy or building blocks for growth and repair.
5. Elimination: Undigested food and waste products are eliminated from the body through the large intestine (colon) and rectum.
Eating is an essential function that provides the body with the nutrients it needs to maintain health, grow, and repair itself. Disorders of eating, such as anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa, can have serious consequences for physical and mental health.
Self-injurious behavior (SIB) refers to the intentional, direct injuring of one's own body without suicidal intentions. It is often repetitive and can take various forms such as cutting, burning, scratching, hitting, or bruising the skin. In some cases, individuals may also ingest harmful substances or objects.
SIB is not a mental disorder itself, but it is often associated with various psychiatric conditions, including borderline personality disorder, depression, anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, and eating disorders. It is also common in individuals with developmental disabilities, such as autism spectrum disorder.
The function of SIB can vary widely among individuals, but it often serves as a coping mechanism to deal with emotional distress, negative feelings, or traumatic experiences. It's essential to approach individuals who engage in SIB with compassion and understanding, focusing on treating the underlying causes rather than solely addressing the behavior itself. Professional mental health treatment and therapy can help individuals develop healthier coping strategies and improve their quality of life.
Body Mass Index (BMI) is a measure used to assess whether a person has a healthy weight for their height. It's calculated by dividing a person's weight in kilograms by the square of their height in meters. Here is the medical definition:
Body Mass Index (BMI) = weight(kg) / [height(m)]^2
According to the World Health Organization, BMI categories are defined as follows:
* Less than 18.5: Underweight
* 18.5-24.9: Normal or healthy weight
* 25.0-29.9: Overweight
* 30.0 and above: Obese
It is important to note that while BMI can be a useful tool for identifying weight issues in populations, it does have limitations when applied to individuals. For example, it may not accurately reflect body fat distribution or muscle mass, which can affect health risks associated with excess weight. Therefore, BMI should be used as one of several factors when evaluating an individual's health status and risk for chronic diseases.
A questionnaire in the medical context is a standardized, systematic, and structured tool used to gather information from individuals regarding their symptoms, medical history, lifestyle, or other health-related factors. It typically consists of a series of written questions that can be either self-administered or administered by an interviewer. Questionnaires are widely used in various areas of healthcare, including clinical research, epidemiological studies, patient care, and health services evaluation to collect data that can inform diagnosis, treatment planning, and population health management. They provide a consistent and organized method for obtaining information from large groups or individual patients, helping to ensure accurate and comprehensive data collection while minimizing bias and variability in the information gathered.
Ghrelin is a hormone primarily produced and released by the stomach with some production in the small intestine, pancreas, and brain. It is often referred to as the "hunger hormone" because it stimulates appetite, promotes food intake, and contributes to the regulation of energy balance.
Ghrelin levels increase before meals and decrease after eating. In addition to its role in regulating appetite and meal initiation, ghrelin also has other functions, such as modulating glucose metabolism, insulin secretion, gastric motility, and cardiovascular function. Its receptor, the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R), is found in various tissues throughout the body, indicating its wide range of physiological roles.
Body weight is the measure of the force exerted on a scale or balance by an object's mass, most commonly expressed in units such as pounds (lb) or kilograms (kg). In the context of medical definitions, body weight typically refers to an individual's total weight, which includes their skeletal muscle, fat, organs, and bodily fluids.
Healthcare professionals often use body weight as a basic indicator of overall health status, as it can provide insights into various aspects of a person's health, such as nutritional status, metabolic function, and risk factors for certain diseases. For example, being significantly underweight or overweight can increase the risk of developing conditions like malnutrition, diabetes, heart disease, and certain types of cancer.
It is important to note that body weight alone may not provide a complete picture of an individual's health, as it does not account for factors such as muscle mass, bone density, or body composition. Therefore, healthcare professionals often use additional measures, such as body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and blood tests, to assess overall health status more comprehensively.
Gastric emptying is the process by which the stomach empties its contents into the small intestine. In medical terms, it refers to the rate and amount of food that leaves the stomach and enters the duodenum, which is the first part of the small intestine. This process is regulated by several factors, including the volume and composition of the meal, hormonal signals, and neural mechanisms. Abnormalities in gastric emptying can lead to various gastrointestinal symptoms and disorders, such as gastroparesis, where the stomach's ability to empty food is delayed.
"Patient dropouts" is a term used in clinical research and medical settings to refer to participants who withdraw or discontinue their participation in a treatment plan, clinical trial, or study before its completion. The reasons for patient dropouts can vary widely and may include factors such as adverse effects of the treatment, lack of efficacy, financial constraints, relocation, loss of interest, or personal reasons. High patient dropout rates can impact the validity and generalizability of research findings, making it challenging to assess the long-term safety and effectiveness of a particular intervention or treatment. Therefore, understanding and addressing the factors that contribute to patient dropouts is an important consideration in clinical research and practice.
Fenfluramine is a drug that was previously used for the short-term treatment of obesity. It works by suppressing appetite and increasing the feeling of fullness. Fenfluramine is an amphetamine derivative and stimulates the release of serotonin, a neurotransmitter in the brain that helps regulate mood, appetite, and sleep.
Fenfluramine was commonly prescribed in combination with phentermine, another appetite suppressant, under the brand name Fen-Phen. However, in 1997, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a public health warning about the potential risk of serious heart valve damage associated with the use of fenfluramine and withdrew its approval for the drug's use. Since then, fenfluramine has not been approved for medical use in many countries, including the United States.
Neuroimaging is a medical term that refers to the use of various techniques to either directly or indirectly image the structure, function, or pharmacology of the nervous system. It includes techniques such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional MRI (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). These techniques are used to diagnose and monitor various neurological and psychiatric conditions, as well as to understand the underlying mechanisms of brain function in health and disease.
Food preferences are personal likes or dislikes towards certain types of food or drinks, which can be influenced by various factors such as cultural background, individual experiences, taste, texture, smell, appearance, and psychological factors. Food preferences can also be shaped by dietary habits, nutritional needs, health conditions, and medication requirements. They play a significant role in shaping an individual's dietary choices and overall eating behavior, which can have implications for their nutritional status, growth, development, and long-term health outcomes.
Bulimia nervosa
List of people with bulimia nervosa
Overeating
Eating Disorder Inventory
Differential diagnoses of anorexia nervosa
Nausea
Purging disorder
1979 in science
Gerald Russell
Eating disorders in Chinese women
In Clothes Called Fat
Anorexia nervosa
Dance and health
Hans Steiner
Cognitive behavioral treatment of eating disorders
Billy Mitchell (EastEnders)
Trait theory
Reward dependence
Cognitive behavioral therapy
Glossary of medicine
Peter Cooper (psychopathologist)
Impulsivity
Tyler Oakley
Mario Di Fiorino
Parotitis
Russell Brand
Erica Stokes
Menstruation and mental health
Barratt Impulsiveness Scale
Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale
Bulimia nervosa - Wikipedia
Eating Disorders: Anorexia Nervosa, Binge Eating Disorder and Bulimia Nervosa
Emergent Management of Bulimia Nervosa: Initial Assessment, Treatment & Management
Bulimia Nervosa: Symptoms, Causes & Prevention
Intervention to Help Someone with Bulimia Nervosa | HealthyPlace
Bulimianervosa Stories - Wattpad
Bulimia Nervosa in Children - Health Encyclopedia - University of Rochester Medical Center
Altered anticipation and processing of aversive interoceptive experience among women remitted from bulimia nervosa |...
Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Bulimia Nervosa
Bulimia Nervosa - SignHealth
Multidisciplinary Approaches to Treating Bulimia Nervosa
Bulimia nervosa classification - wikidoc
Bulimia Nervosa: Long Term Effects on Physical Health
About Bulimia Nervosa - National Centre for Eating Disorders
Bulimia Nervosa | RxWiki
bulimia nervosa - Naturopathic Doctor News and Review
Early Diagnosis and Management of Bulimia Nervosa in Type 1 Diabetes | Psychiatrist.com
Frontiers | Brief Strategic Therapy for Bulimia Nervosa and Binge Eating Disorder: A Clinical and Research Protocol
Getting Help for Bulimia Nervosa | Turning Point of Tampa
Spring - BANA - Bulimia Anorexia Nervosa Association
BANA Windsor - BANA - Bulimia Anorexia Nervosa Association
Bulimia Nervosa - MedicalRecords.com
Bulimia Nervosa and hypnotherapy / NLP / EMDR / Timeline therapy
3 Dos and 3 Don'ts When Talking to Loved Ones with Bulimia Nervosa
Bulimia Nervosa Treatment | Gainesville, GA
Alterations in Inhibitory Control After Eating Are Seen in Women with History of Bulimia Nervosa | Brain & Behavior Research...
Bulimia Nervosa Treatment | Las Colinas, TX
Bulimia Nervosa - Mental Health Disorders - MSD Manual Consumer Version
Cognitive behavior therapy for bulimia nervosa - Department of Psychiatry
Disorders25
- Bulimia is frequently associated with other mental disorders such as depression, anxiety, borderline personality disorder, bipolar disorder, and problems with drugs or alcohol. (wikipedia.org)
- A study by the Psychopharmacology Research Program of the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine "leaves little doubt that bipolar and eating disorders-particularly bulimia nervosa and bipolar II disorder-are related. (wikipedia.org)
- It is the position of the American Dietetic Association that nutrition intervention, including nutritional counseling by a registered dietitian (RD), is an essential component of team treatment of patients with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and other eating disorders (EDs) during assessment and treatment across the continuum of care. (medscape.com)
- TW- eating disorders, bulimia, body image issues ~Bulimia Nervosa- A serious eating disorder marked by bingeing, followed by methods to avoid weight gain This book is a. (wattpad.com)
- People with bulimia nervosa or other serious mental health disorders usually enter traditional treatment programs when the issue becomes too intrusive to ignore. (montenido.com)
- Bulimia nervosa, like other eating disorders, requires a treatment plan that addresses the client's disordered behaviors, the underlying causes of the eating disorder, and their physical and spiritual needs. (montenido.com)
- Many studies have shown a link between trauma and disordered behavior as a response, and eating disorders such as bulimia nervosa are no exception. (montenido.com)
- Because of the many misconceptions and stigmas that surround eating disorders like bulimia, it can be difficult for a person to understand the reality of what they might be struggling with. (eatingdisorderhope.com)
- Like all the other eating disorders, bulimia has serious life-threatening effects both physically and emotionally. (eating-disorders.org.uk)
- To be diagnosed with bulimia nervosa, you must meet criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), published by the American Psychiatric Association. (rxwiki.com)
- Analyses revealed that dysthymia was a stronger correlate with bulimia than major depression [in 937 adolescents], even while controlling for other mood disorders and a history of depression and dysthymia. (changingstates.co.uk)
- Bulimia can be one of the most difficult eating disorders to overcome. (psychiatric-medicine.com)
- They acquired data for 22 women who were in remission from bulimia and 20 matched controls with no psychiatric or metabolic disorders. (bbrfoundation.org)
- Bulimia, also called bulimia nervosa, is one of a number of eating disorders. (digestivetracthealth.com)
- While bulimia and other eating disorders tend to occur most often in Caucasian females in this country, males and ethnic minorities are increasingly developing eating disorders. (digestivetracthealth.com)
- Bulimia often co-occurs with depression, anxiety, and substance-abuse disorders and results in a loss of productivity due to disability that is higher than that of disability caused by depression and anxiety combined. (digestivetracthealth.com)
- More than half of bulimia patients have comorbid anxiety disorders. (nourishedsoulcenter.com)
- Many eating disorders, including bulimia nervosa, are now considered at least "moderately heritable," meaning they can be passed down through families. (withinhealth.com)
- Most studies on causes of bulimia and other eating disorders have focused on sociocultural influences. (withinhealth.com)
- Eating disorders such as bulimia nervosa can be life-controlling and potentially deadly as well. (oawhealth.com)
- This may lead to various eating disorders including bulimia. (simple-remedies.com)
- This study aims to understand the way that families of people with Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa understand these disorders, its causes and how they view the person with eating disorder. (bvsalud.org)
- Les données ont été recueillies lors d'entrevues individuelles à l'aide de la version en langue farsi du questionnaire Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia . (who.int)
- Objetivo The main eating disorders are anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. (bvsalud.org)
- So, this literature review is aimed to show to Dentistry professionals how to diagnostic these disorders, how are the main oral characteristics of patients whose present bulimia or anorexia nervosa and the kinds of treatment that could be offered to the patients. (bvsalud.org)
Learned behaviors1
- The exact cause of bulimia is unknown - it may be a combination of genetic factors and learned behaviors. (clevelandclinic.org)
Person with bulimia3
- As an example, a person with bulimia nervosa may have a distorted perception that they are overweight, which leads to dieting and eventually binging and purging behaviors and the negative emotions that surround them. (montenido.com)
- A person with bulimia nervosa normally has conflicted emotions about mealtimes, and a troubled relationship with food and eating in general. (rtor.org)
- The person with bulimia nervosa may vomit, use laxatives or diuretics, or over exercise. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
Treat bulimia5
- As new therapies to treat bulimia are introduced, their potential adverse effects must be taken into account. (medscape.com)
- It can be concluded that short-term focal IPT may be a new method to treat bulimia nervosa. (custom-essay.org)
- Fluoxetine (Prozac), a type of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), is the only antidepressant expressly licenced by the Food and Drug Administration to treat bulimia. (agubey.com)
- Antidepressants commonly used to treat bulimia include desipramine ( Norpramin ), imipramine (Tofranil ), and fluoxetine ( Prozac ). (tamarack.org)
- Most often, a stepped approach is used to treat bulimia. (medlineplus.gov)
Management of bulimia nervosa1
- This narrative review summarizes the latest published evidence in the formulation, detection, and subsequent management of bulimia nervosa in type 1 diabetes, while highlighting the need for higher-quality research in the assessment and treatment of these comorbidities. (psychiatrist.com)
Anorexia and bulimia2
- Two teenage friends struggling with anorexia and bulimia discuss their illness, treatment, and how to support one another. (webmd.com)
- These families generalize the description of the person with Anorexia and Bulimia as an attempt to explain the problem and make it less threatening. (bvsalud.org)
Recurrent2
- Bulimia nervosa is characterized by recurrent and distressing binge eating episodes marked by the consumption of a large amount of food in a brief period and feeling out of control while doing so. (frontiersin.org)
- Bulimia nervosa is a type of eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating, followed by purgings or other compensatory behaviors, such as fasting or excessive exercise. (healthdailyadvice.com)
Risk for bulimia2
- Which children are at risk for bulimia nervosa? (rochester.edu)
- People with a difficult childhood, such as family problems, arguments, and criticism, may be at risk for bulimia. (arborcounselingcenter.com)
Person's2
- Bulimia also has negative effects on a person's teeth due to the acid passed through the mouth from frequent vomiting causing acid erosion, mainly on the posterior dental surface. (wikipedia.org)
- The exact cause of bulimia nervosa is not known, but certain factors may increase a person's risk for developing the disorder. (niuhealth.com)
Episodes18
- Some individuals with anorexia nervosa exhibit episodes of bulimic tendencies through purging (either through self-induced vomiting or laxatives) as a way to quickly remove food in their system. (wikipedia.org)
- Abnormal eating behaviors associated with bulimia include reoccurring binging and purging episodes, which might involve self-induced vomiting, excessive laxative and/or diuretic use, compulsive exercise and more. (eatingdisorderhope.com)
- Even though bulimia results in potentially fatal consequences, a person struggling with this disease cannot easily stop the reoccurring episodes from happening. (eatingdisorderhope.com)
- Bulimia" is a word we also use to describe episodes of binge eating with purging in patients with anorexia. (eating-disorders.org.uk)
- Bulimia is an eating disorder characterised by repeated episodes of overeating and a persistent preoccupation with weight control. (changingstates.co.uk)
- From the binge eating episodes to the subsequent purges that define bulimia nervosa, a person with BN can feel embattled from within. (rtor.org)
- People with bulimia nervosa have repeated episodes of binge eating. (msdmanuals.com)
- Bulimia is an eating disorder that is characterized by episodes of binging and purging the food and or associated calories. (digestivetracthealth.com)
- Bulimia Nervosa is a serious psychological disorder characterized by episodes of binge eating and purging. (niuhealth.com)
- People with bulimia typically engage in episodes of binge eating, where they consume large amounts of food in a short period of time. (niuhealth.com)
- Physical complications from bulimia can include dehydration due to vomiting, electrolyte imbalances from laxative abuse, tooth decay from stomach acid exposure during vomiting episodes, and gastrointestinal problems such as constipation or abdominal pain. (niuhealth.com)
- Bulimia Nervosa is an eating disorder in which binge eating episodes often occur (at least twice a week) with the consumption of foods considered "fattening", and therefore "forbidden", by the person who is desperately trying to control their weight. (anthia.net)
- A common misconception by people with Bulimia is that laxatives prevent the absorption of calories consumed during Bulimia episodes, which they do not. (anthia.net)
- Excessive use of laxatives and self-induced vomiting occurring in Bulimia Nervosa, intended to compensate for Binge Eating episodes, have serious consequences for the health of the individual. (anthia.net)
- Bulimia occurs when you experience episodes of binge eating followed by purging. (healthline.com)
- For example, repeated episodes of vomiting, which is common in people with bulimia, release harmful stomach acids that wear away tooth enamel and lead to gingivitis and tooth decay. (brucegreydental.com)
- For example, repeated episodes of vomiting, which is common in people with bulimia, release harmful stomach acids that pass through the mouth and can erode tooth enamel, causing cavities, discoloration and tooth loss. (chengdentalva.com)
- Bulimia is an eating disorder in which a person has regular episodes of eating a very large amount of food (bingeing) during which the person feels a loss of control over their eating. (medlineplus.gov)
People64
- Most people with bulimia are at normal weight. (wikipedia.org)
- People with bulimia nervosa may also exercise to a point that excludes other activities. (wikipedia.org)
- People with bulimia exhibit several interoceptive deficits, in which one experiences impairment in recognizing and discriminating between internal sensations, feelings, and emotions. (wikipedia.org)
- People with bulimia may also react negatively to somatic and affective states. (wikipedia.org)
- People with bulimia are at a higher risk to have an affective disorder, such as depression or general anxiety disorder. (wikipedia.org)
- Bulimia nervosa affects people assigned female at birth more often than people assigned male at birth. (clevelandclinic.org)
- Between 1% and 2% of people will experience bulimia during any given year. (clevelandclinic.org)
- People with bulimia nervosa usually have a normal weight. (clevelandclinic.org)
- People with anorexia nervosa are usually underweight. (clevelandclinic.org)
- People with anorexia nervosa think they're fat even though they're very thin. (clevelandclinic.org)
- People with bulimia nervosa binge eat and then purge, or try to get rid of the food or weight. (clevelandclinic.org)
- Bulimia nervosa affects millions of people, despite the common misconceptions that it is a rare disorder. (montenido.com)
- Among people who are slightly under-weight it may be hard to decide whether they suffer from bulimia nervosa or anorexia. (eating-disorders.org.uk)
- The average is once daily, with the number of calories consumed in the binge ranging from 1,200 to 11,500 for people with typical bulimia. (eating-disorders.org.uk)
- Rarely, people with severe bulimia have eaten raw meat, dog food, or food from other people's rubbish bins. (eating-disorders.org.uk)
- People with bulimia engage in a cycle of binge eating and then purging to undo the effects of eating and prevent weight gain. (rxwiki.com)
- People with bulimia may have an intense fear of gaining weight and a distorted perception of body weight. (rxwiki.com)
- People with bulimia usually appear to have a normal body weight. (rxwiki.com)
- Approximately 80% of people with bulimia are girls and women. (rxwiki.com)
- Treatment is available to help people with bulimia gain a better self-image and return to healthier eating habits. (rxwiki.com)
- Many people believe bulimia is just an eating disorder. (tpoftampa.com)
- Bulimia (say "boo-LEE-mee-uh") is an eating disorder that causes people to eat a large amount of food in a short time (binge). (medicalrecords.com)
- fear of obesity, which is also seen in people with anorexia nervosa, and there is some overlap in the symptoms of these two diseases. (changingstates.co.uk)
- Despite this, most people with bulimia nervosa tend to maintain a normal body weight. (changingstates.co.uk)
- People with bulimia nervosa often feel too fat and generally dissatisfied with how they look. (changingstates.co.uk)
- People with bulimia should first accept that they are suffering from bulimia nervosa and seek treatment. (changingstates.co.uk)
- For some people bulimia nervosa is short-lived, more usually the bulimic symptoms will have been present for a considerable period of time before seeking help. (changingstates.co.uk)
- It's easy to forget that people with bulimia nervosa , while they do have a mental health disorder, aren't "crazy" by any means. (rtor.org)
- Several of these side-effects are dangerous, with many people dying yearly from complications of bulimia. (psychiatric-medicine.com)
- Researchers led by 2020 BBRF Young Investigator Laura A. Berner, Ph.D. , of the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, note that in their alternation between extremes of "overcontrolled intake" (e.g., dietary restriction or fasting) and "disinhibited intake" (e.g., binge eating), people with bulimia appear to have an aberration in brain mechanisms that normally allow people to flexibly exert cognitive control to optimally match their metabolic state. (bbrfoundation.org)
- Also as in anorexia nervosa, most people who have bulimia nervosa are young women who are deeply concerned about body shape and weight. (msdmanuals.com)
- People with bulimia nervosa tend to feel very remorseful or guilty about their behavior. (msdmanuals.com)
- People with bulimia nervosa may have scars on their knuckles from using their fingers to make themselves vomit. (msdmanuals.com)
- Unlike in anorexia nervosa, the body weight of people with bulimia nervosa tends to fluctuate around normal. (msdmanuals.com)
- Overweight or obesity affects very few people with anorexia nervosa. (msdmanuals.com)
- people with bulimia nervosa try to compensate for excessive eating by purging or other means. (msdmanuals.com)
- Bulimia is a serious mental illness where people feel that they have lost control over their eating and evaluate themselves according to their body shape and weight. (ninewellbeing.com)
- People with bulimia are caught in a cycle of eating large quantities of food (called 'bingeing'), and then vomiting, taking laxatives or diuretics (called purging), in order to prevent gaining weight. (ninewellbeing.com)
- People with bulimia tend not to seek help or support very readily and can experience swings in their mood as well as feeling anxious and tense. (ninewellbeing.com)
- Bulimia in children and young people is rare, although young people may have some of the symptoms of the condition. (ninewellbeing.com)
- Adolescents are most at risk for developing bulimia, as statistics show that about three-quarters of people who develop the illness do so before they reach 22 years of age, most often at 15 to 16 years of age. (digestivetracthealth.com)
- Only about 45% of people with bulimia fully recover, but recovery is more likely with treatment. (digestivetracthealth.com)
- Because most people with bulimia are usually normal weight or slightly overweight, it may not be apparent to others that something is wrong. (digestivetracthealth.com)
- One common misconception is that people with bulimia are underweight. (nourishedsoulcenter.com)
- People struggling with bulimia can be at any weight. (nourishedsoulcenter.com)
- But disruption of these pathways was found in people struggling with bulimia. (withinhealth.com)
- People with bulimia often feel out of control when it comes to their eating habits, and the condition can have serious physical and emotional consequences. (niuhealth.com)
- Treatment for bulimia typically involves cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), which helps people learn how to cope with their emotions in healthier ways than bingeing and purging. (niuhealth.com)
- A person who eats an amount of food in a short period of time that is larger than most people would eat during the same time and under similar circumstances may be exhibiting symptoms of Bulimia Nervosa. (arborcounselingcenter.com)
- Most people with bulimia are obsessed with their looks, primarily their weight and body size. (oawhealth.com)
- In addition to the physical symptoms associated with the disorder, such as weight fluctuations and digestive problems, people with bulimia nervosa often experience negative emotions such as guilt, shame, and anxiety. (healthdailyadvice.com)
- People with bulimia might be obsessed with finding fat or weight through measuring their bodies with a scale or through tape measure or a mirror or their hands, but all of this is a horrible trap that does not get anywhere and keeps us away from happiness, inner peace and connections with others. (ragotherapy.com)
- Please believe that people with bulimia recover every day and there are specific ways to break these cycles that lead to increased happiness and self-esteem. (ragotherapy.com)
- People with bulimia may have normal or restrictive eating patterns, but often may not realize they are undereating in different ways. (ragotherapy.com)
- Bulimia tends to be an ineffective method of weight control and people with bulimia may find themselves anywhere on the weight spectrum. (ragotherapy.com)
- Only 20 percent of people with bulimia are men. (healthline.com)
- People with anorexia nervosa may also binge and purge. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
- Research has shown that neurotransmitters appear to function abnormally in acutely ill people with bulimia nervosa. (tamarack.org)
- People with bulimia eat large amount of food in short time and then try to throw away (purge) the eaten food in an unhealthy manner. (simple-remedies.com)
- Most people suffering from bulimia are known to give excessive emphasis to the shape and weight of their body. (simple-remedies.com)
- Treatment of bulimia requires involvement of many people that involves the doctor, the psychiatrist, dietician, and people at home. (simple-remedies.com)
- Many people with bulimia also have anorexia . (medlineplus.gov)
- People with bulimia are often at a normal weight, but they may see themselves as being overweight. (medlineplus.gov)
- People with fewer medical complications of bulimia and those willing and able to take part in therapy have a better chance of recovery. (medlineplus.gov)
Behavior8
- Bulimia nervosa may be classified in to two types on the basis of purging behavior into purging and non-purging types. (wikidoc.org)
- Researchers have found that in bulimia nervosa, binge eating and fasting aberrantly influence a signal in the brain's striatum for "control-related surprises" affecting the ability to modify a current behavior. (bbrfoundation.org)
- Dr. Berner and colleagues have now applied this integrated approach involving mathematical modeling of behavior and functional brain imaging to study bulimia nervosa. (bbrfoundation.org)
- The "control-related surprises" seen in women who were in remission from bulimia nervosa involve a specific kind of "prediction error" that is ultimately related to the brain's ability to know when to modify a current behavior. (bbrfoundation.org)
- Bulimia Nervosa is characterized by frequent binge eating followed by behavior such as self-induced vomiting to avoid weight gain. (arborcounselingcenter.com)
- To meet the criteria for a bulimia diagnosis the behavior must occur at least once per week for three months. (arborcounselingcenter.com)
- The cause of bulimia is not known, but is most likely a combination of genetics, family behavior, and social values (such as admiring thinness. (arborcounselingcenter.com)
- The binge eating is not associated with the regular use of inappropriate compensatory behavior (i.e. purging, excessive exercise, etc.) and does not co-occur exclusively with BULIMIA NERVOSA or ANOREXIA NERVOSA. (bvsalud.org)
Psychotherapy7
- Interpersonal therapy (IPT) for bulimia nervosa is a type of individual psychotherapy. (custom-essay.org)
- This essay on Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Bulimia Nervosa was written by a student just like you. (custom-essay.org)
- When you have bulimia, you may need several types of treatment, although combining psychotherapy with antidepressants may be the most effective for overcoming the disorder. (arborcounselingcenter.com)
- Patients with bulimia may need to undergo a number of therapies, but a treatment approach that combines psychotherapy and antidepressants may be the most effective. (agubey.com)
- Talk therapy, usually referred to as psychotherapy or psychological counseling, involves talking with a mental health expert about your bulimia and associated concerns. (agubey.com)
- Find out which psychotherapy your mental health practitioner plans to employ and what research there is to support its effectiveness in treating bulimia. (agubey.com)
- The objective of the specialised Bulimia Nervosa counselling and psychotherapy is to break free from the vicious cycle of the disorder and to adopt better defence mechanisms, a healthier lifestyle and way of thinking. (anthia.net)
Complications of bulimia2
- What are possible complications of bulimia nervosa in a child? (rochester.edu)
- The potential complications of bulimia can be severe and affect virtually every organ system. (digestivetracthealth.com)
Diuretics2
- Purging type is the more common type of bulimia, and involves any of self-induced vomiting, laxatives , diuretics , tapeworms , enemas , or ipecac , to rapidly extricate the contents from their body. (wikidoc.org)
- This is because many of the behaviours associated with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa-such as binge eating, self-induced vomiting, and use of diuretics or laxatives-cause changes in the mouth. (brucegreydental.com)
Warning signs1
- But empty food wrappers and laxative packaging can be warning signs of bulimia. (clevelandclinic.org)
Involves5
- Bulimia typically involves rapid and out-of-control eating, which may stop when the person is interrupted by another person or the stomach hurts from over-extension, followed by self-induced vomiting or other forms of purging. (wikipedia.org)
- Bulimia concurrently involves excessive exercise, binging and purging, and a paralyzing fear of gaining weight. (tpoftampa.com)
- Because of the binging and purging cycle, bulimia is often extremely rough on the body and involves many serious symptoms and long-term side-effects. (psychiatric-medicine.com)
- Bulimia is also often co-morbid (co-occurs with) body dysmorphic disorder, which involves the sufferer having a false sense that something is defective with their appearance beyond weight. (digestivetracthealth.com)
- Treatment for bulimia nervosa typically involves a combination of therapy, medication, and nutritional counseling, and may require ongoing support to manage symptoms and prevent relapse. (healthdailyadvice.com)
Suffer5
- At any given point in time 1.0% of young women and 0.1% of young men will suffer from bulimia nervosa (BN) or binge eating disorder (BED) in Europe ( Keski-Rahkonen and Mustelin, 2016 ). (frontiersin.org)
- 5 percent of American women suffer from bulimia nervosa in their lifetime. (nourishedsoulcenter.com)
- Individuals who suffer from bulimia are known as bulimics, and they typically engage in bulimic behaviors under a shroud of secrecy and shame. (oawhealth.com)
- Although men and women both can suffer from bulimia nervosa it is found to be more in women. (simple-remedies.com)
- Females, especially young females are more likely to suffer from bulimia nervosa. (simple-remedies.com)
Cause of bulimia is not1
- The cause of bulimia is not fully known at this time. (tamarack.org)
Treatments for bulimia2
- Although cognitive behavioral therapy is the gold standard treatments for bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED), evidence for its long-term efficacy is weak. (frontiersin.org)
- Counseling, such as talk therapy and nutritional therapy are the first treatments for bulimia that does not respond to support groups. (medlineplus.gov)
Development of bulimia2
- The presence of dysthymia in adolescence might be possible risk factor for the development of bulimia nervosa. (changingstates.co.uk)
- Environmental pressure may play a significant role in development of bulimia. (simple-remedies.com)
Simply bulimia3
- Bulimia nervosa, also known as simply bulimia, is an eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging or fasting, and excessive concern with body shape and weight. (wikipedia.org)
- Bulimia nervosa - often called simply "bulimia" - is a serious, potentially life-threatening eating disorder characterized by regular cycles of overeating (bingeing) and purging. (rxwiki.com)
- Bulimia nervosa, or simply bulimia as it is commonly referred to, is an eating disorder characterized by eating abnormally large amounts of food (bingeing) followed by extreme attempts to rid the body of the food and calories consumed during the binge (purging). (oawhealth.com)
Treatment18
- If you notice symptoms of bulimia in your child, you can help by getting a diagnosis and treatment early. (rochester.edu)
- Here, we'll break down some of these alternative forms of therapy that can be beneficial for treating bulimia nervosa, many of which can be included in a comprehensive bulimia nervosa treatment plan. (montenido.com)
- In many instances, a person who seeks out professional care and treatment can see a reversal of the physical health effects that may have resulted from the bulimia behaviors. (eatingdisorderhope.com)
- While there is no guarantee that the body will completely heal from bulimia once medical treatment is sought, professional interventions will certainly help improve overall quality of life and can help prevent more fatal consequences from resulting. (eatingdisorderhope.com)
- To understand what bulimia is, bulimia nervosa treatment and where it fits, we need to explain a little more about what an eating disorder is. (eating-disorders.org.uk)
- If you are receiving treatment for bulimia and managing your disorder, stick to your treatment plan. (rxwiki.com)
- Treatment outcomes for bulimia nervosa in type 1 diabetes are worse than those for conventional bulimia nervosa. (psychiatrist.com)
- We believe that in many cases, treatment for Bulimia is crucial. (tpoftampa.com)
- To seek help from a healthcare professional in Gainesville that specializes in bulimia treatment , call (770) 674-6311 or contact Dr. Gail Ravello online . (psychiatric-medicine.com)
- For this reason, early intervention and finding the right kind of bulimia treatment is critical. (psychiatric-medicine.com)
- To seek help from a healthcare professional in Las Colinas that specializes in bulimia treatment , call (817) 203-2760 or contact Ms. Jessica Stangenwald online . (psychiatric-medicine.com)
- Medication, nutritional counseling, and family therapy are also often part of the treatment for bulimia. (digestivetracthealth.com)
- He or she can help you take the first steps to get successful bulimia treatment. (digestivetracthealth.com)
- It is important for those suffering from bulimia nervosa to seek help as soon as possible so that they can begin treatment before the condition becomes more severe and leads to long-term physical or emotional damage. (niuhealth.com)
- Here are several alternatives to traditional bulimia treatment and considerations. (agubey.com)
- Family-based treatment to assist parents in stepping in to stop their adolescent's unhealthy eating habits, to assist the adolescent in regaining control over their eating, and to assist the family in dealing with the detrimental impact that bulimia can have on the development of the adolescent and the family. (agubey.com)
- It is important to have a treatment team to help you figure out the eating patterns that might be keeping you stuck, as well as the emotional triggers of depression, trauma, anxiety and relationship issues that maintain bulimia. (ragotherapy.com)
- A comprehensive treatment plan is required to address the complicated interaction of physical and psychological problems in bulimia. (tamarack.org)
Self-esteem1
- Patients with bulimia nervosa often have low self-esteem and a negative self-image. (changingstates.co.uk)
Emotional6
- The signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa can be behavioral, emotional and physical. (clevelandclinic.org)
- Bulimia is an unhealthy way to try to cope with emotional problems, and it can be very difficult to overcome. (rxwiki.com)
- In fact, bulimia is an emotional disorder that incorporates distorted self-image, depression, and body dysmorphia . (tpoftampa.com)
- These behaviors are predominantly associated with feelings of guilt and shame, the core emotional symptoms of bulimia. (psychiatric-medicine.com)
- The signs that accompany bulimia can be broken down into both physical and emotional/behavioral. (oawhealth.com)
- Recovery from Bulimia needs work on both the nutritional and the emotional patterns of ones life. (ragotherapy.com)
Diagnose bulimia2
- A child psychiatrist or a mental health expert can diagnose bulimia. (rochester.edu)
- To diagnose bulimia your healthcare provider will general perform a complete physical examination, blood and urine tests and a psychological evaluation, including a discussion of eating habits and attitudes toward food and appearance. (psychiatric-medicine.com)
Excessive1
- In this article when we use the word "bulimia" we are referring to the bulimia of normal or excessive weight. (eating-disorders.org.uk)
Borderline personal1
- The medical journal Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation notes that a "substantial rate of patients with bulimia nervosa" also have Borderline personality disorder. (wikipedia.org)
Characteristics1
- One of the best-known characteristics of bulimia nervosa is a sense of guilt and shame when they binge and purge. (rtor.org)
Adolescents3
- Bulimia nervosa affects mainly adolescents and young adults. (msdmanuals.com)
- Les adolescents de 13 à 18 ans ont rempli la troisième version de l'échelle Eating Disorder Inventory-3 et ont passé le test en 26 items Eating Attitudes Test. (who.int)
- RÉSUMÉ Les données sont rares au sujet de la prévalence des troubles psychiatriques et du comportement suicidaire des adolescents incarcérés en Asie. (who.int)
Dehydration1
- Bulimia can cause serious complications including dehydration, heart problems, severe tooth decay and gum disease, absent or irregular periods in females, digestive problems, anxiety and depression , misuse of alcohol or drugs, and suicide. (rxwiki.com)
Purging10
- Non-purging type occurs in only approximately 6%-8% of bulimia cases, as it is a less effective means of ridding the body of such a large number of calories. (wikidoc.org)
- A person struggling with bulimia can easily fall into a denial mindset, thinking that binging and purging "just one more time" will not be harmful. (eatingdisorderhope.com)
- A serious mental illness and eating disorder, bulimia is characterized by cyclical periods of binging and purging. (psychiatric-medicine.com)
- Physical symptoms of bulimia nervosa develop over time, as the effects of bingeing and purging begin to take their toll on the mouth, teeth, esophagus and gastrointestinal system. (psychiatric-medicine.com)
- Research has also found the purging behaviors of bulimia nervosa may be linked to biology, but scientists are continuing to explore the subject. (withinhealth.com)
- Officially, bulimia is classified into two major categories: purging bulimia, and nonpurging bulimia. (oawhealth.com)
- In Bulimia Nervosa a person becomes trapped in a cycle where they feel loss of control over their eating and then "compensate" for this perceived loss of control by trying to make up for eating through purging through exercise or other means. (ragotherapy.com)
- Symptoms often present as similar to those of binge eating or purging sub types of anorexia nervosa. (tamarack.org)
- Bulimia is of two types: Purging bulimia and non purging bulimia. (simple-remedies.com)
- The signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa may often be related with self induced vomiting and other methods of purging. (simple-remedies.com)
Compensate2
- Bulimia nervosa (bulimia for short) is a serious, potentially life-threatening eating disorder characterized by a cycle of binge eating and compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting designed to "undo" or compensate for the effects of binge eating. (nourishedsoulcenter.com)
- Those with bulimia then purge to compensate for the calories consumed and to relieve gut discomfort. (tamarack.org)
Electrolyte1
- Women in remission were recruited to avoid potentially confounding effects of electrolyte disturbances or recent extreme fluctuations in metabolic state that are present in women with current symptoms of bulimia nervosa. (bbrfoundation.org)
Illness3
- Bulimia nervosa is a serious psychiatric illness that impacts a person in many different ways. (eatingdisorderhope.com)
- While there is no known specific cause for bulimia, family history and environmental stressors are thought to contribute to the development of the illness. (digestivetracthealth.com)
- Bulimia is a long-term illness. (medlineplus.gov)
Underweight1
- Those individuals with bulimia usually maintain a relatively normal weight, rather than becoming underweight. (tamarack.org)
Purge2
- The severity of bulimia is determined by the number of times a week that you purge . (rxwiki.com)
- Bulimia nervosa is a type of eating disorder in which a person overeats all at once (binge), and then puke out the excess food (purge). (agubey.com)
Depression4
- Nearly half of bulimia patients have a comorbid mood disorder such as depression. (nourishedsoulcenter.com)
- Bulimia frequently comes along with depression and anxiety that can be quite severe. (ragotherapy.com)
- There also appears to a link between bulimia and other psychiatric problems, most frequently depression and OCD . (tamarack.org)
- Medicines that also treat depression, known as selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are often used for bulimia. (medlineplus.gov)
Eating disorder characterized1
- Anorexia Nervosa Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by a relentless pursuit of thinness, a distorted body image, an extreme fear of obesity, and restriction of food consumption, leading to. (msdmanuals.com)
Physical8
- The physical symptoms of bulimia nervosa can include dental issues. (clevelandclinic.org)
- Prolonged time without any professional interventions will only increase risk of physical damage resulting from bulimia. (eatingdisorderhope.com)
- If you have been struggling with bulimia, it is important for you to seek out the help that is needed for not only physical recovery, but restoration of all aspects of your health and life. (eatingdisorderhope.com)
- Patients with Bulimia Nervosa (B/N) can experience physical problems as a result of a range of behaviours associated with the condition. (ninewellbeing.com)
- Bulimia is a significant public-health problem, both because of the physical and mental health effects it can have. (digestivetracthealth.com)
- Dental problems are one of the bulimia nervosa physical symptoms. (agubey.com)
- A study found that mothers who are extremely concerned about their daughters' physical attractiveness and weight can, in part, cause bulimia in them. (tamarack.org)
- Psychological concern regarding weight and physical image are two important factors that may trigger bulimia. (simple-remedies.com)
Trigger bulimia1
- Stressful life events such as divorce, moving, or death of a loved one can sometimes trigger bulimia. (arborcounselingcenter.com)
Laxative1
- However, empty meal wrappers and laxative boxes may be bulimia warning indicators. (agubey.com)
Severe2
- If there was evidence of BMI being lower than 17.5, or recent severe weight loss, we would diagnose anorexia nervosa instead. (mrcpsych.uk)
- In the most severe cases, bulimia can also create an imbalance in levels of electrolytes (sodium, potassium, and calcium).This can trigger a stroke or heart attack. (tamarack.org)
Signs and symptoms1
- What are the signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa? (clevelandclinic.org)