Branchial Region
Selective expression of purinoceptor cP2Y1 suggests a role for nucleotide signalling in development of the chick embryo. (1/438)
Responses to extracellular nucleotides (e.g., ATP, ADP, etc.) have been demonstrated in a number of embryonic cell types suggesting they may be important signalling molecules during embryonic development. Here the authors describe for the first time the expression of a G-protein-coupled receptor for extracellular ATP, chick P2Y1 (cP2Y1), during embryonic development of the chick. During the first 10 days of embryonic development, cP2Y1 is expressed in a developmentally regulated manner in the limb buds, mesonephros, brain, somites, and facial primordia, suggesting that this receptor may have a role in the development of each of these systems. (+info)Role of the Bicoid-related homeodomain factor Pitx1 in specifying hindlimb morphogenesis and pituitary development. (2/438)
Pitx1 is a Bicoid-related homeodomain factor that exhibits preferential expression in the hindlimb, as well as expression in the developing anterior pituitary gland and first branchial arch. Here, we report that Pitx1 gene-deleted mice exhibit striking abnormalities in morphogenesis and growth of the hindlimb, resulting in a limb that exhibits structural changes in tibia and fibula as well as patterning alterations in patella and proximal tarsus, to more closely resemble the corresponding forelimb structures. Deletion of the Pitx1 locus results in decreased distal expression of the hindlimb-specific marker, the T-box factor, Tbx4. On the basis of similar expression patterns in chick, targeted misexpression of chick Pitx1 in the developing wing bud causes the resulting limb to assume altered digit number and morphogenesis, with Tbx4 induction. We hypothesize that Pitx1 serves to critically modulate morphogenesis, growth, and potential patterning of a specific hindlimb region, serving as a component of the morphological and growth distinctions in forelimb and hindlimb identity. Pitx1 gene-deleted mice also exhibit reciprocal abnormalities of two ventral and one dorsal anterior pituitary cell types, presumably on the basis of its synergistic functions with other transcription factors, and defects in the derivatives of the first branchial arch, including cleft palate, suggesting a proliferative defect in these organs analogous to that observed in the hindlimb. (+info)Regulation of Hoxa2 in cranial neural crest cells involves members of the AP-2 family. (3/438)
Hoxa2 is expressed in cranial neural crest cells that migrate into the second branchial arch and is essential for proper patterning of neural-crest-derived structures in this region. We have used transgenic analysis to begin to address the regulatory mechanisms which underlie neural-crest-specific expression of Hoxa2. By performing a deletion analysis on an enhancer from the Hoxa2 gene that is capable of mediating expression in neural crest cells in a manner similar to the endogenous gene, we demonstrated that multiple cis-acting elements are required for neural-crest-specific activity. One of these elements consists of a sequence that binds to the three transcription factor AP-2 family members. Mutation or deletion of this site in the Hoxa2 enhancer abrogates reporter expression in cranial neural crest cells but not in the hindbrain. In both cell culture co-transfection assays and transgenic embryos AP-2 family members are able to trans-activate reporter expression, showing that this enhancer functions as an AP-2-responsive element in vivo. Reporter expression is not abolished in an AP-2(alpha) null mutant embryos, suggesting redundancy with other AP-2 family members for activation of the Hoxa2 enhancer. Other cis-elements identified in this study critical for neural-crest-specific expression include an element that influences levels of expression and a conserved sequence, which when multimerized directs expression in a broad subset of neural crest cells. These elements work together to co-ordinate and restrict neural crest expression to the second branchial arch and more posterior regions. Our findings have identified the cis-components that allow Hoxa2 to be regulated independently in rhombomeres and cranial neural crest cells. (+info)Chick Barx2b, a marker for myogenic cells also expressed in branchial arches and neural structures. (4/438)
We have isolated a new chicken gene, cBarx2b, which is related to mBarx2 in sequence, although the expression patterns of the two genes are quite different from one another. The cBarx2b gene is expressed in craniofacial structures, regions of the neural tube, and muscle groups in the limb, neck and cloaca. Perturbation of anterior muscle pattern by application of Sonic Hedgehog protein results in a posteriorization of cBarx2b expression. (+info)The role of SF/HGF and c-Met in the development of skeletal muscle. (5/438)
Hypaxial skeletal muscles develop from migratory and non-migratory precursor cells that are generated by the lateral lip of the dermomyotome. Previous work shows that the formation of migratory precursors requires the c-Met and SF/HGF genes. We show here that in mice lacking c-Met or SF/HGF, the initial development of the dermomyotome proceeds appropriately and growth and survival of cells in the dermomyotome are not affected. Migratory precursors are also correctly specified, as monitored by the expression of Lbx1. However, these cells remain aggregated and fail to take up long range migration. We conclude that parallel but independent cues converge on the migratory hypaxial precursors in the dermomyotomal lip after they are laid down: a signal given by SF/HGF that controls the emigration of the precursors, and an as yet unidentified signal that controls Lbx1. SF/HGF and c-Met act in a paracrine manner to control emigration, and migratory cells only dissociate from somites located close to SF/HGF-expressing cells. During long range migration, prolonged receptor-ligand-interaction appears to be required, as SF/HGF is expressed both along the routes and at the target sites of migratory myogenic progenitors. Mice that lack c-Met die during the second part of gestation due to a placental defect. Rescue of the placental defect by aggregation of tetraploid (wild type) and diploid (c-Met-/-) morulae allows development of c-Met mutant animals to term. They lack muscle groups that derive from migratory precursor cells, but display otherwise normal skeletal musculature. (+info)Connexin 43 expression reflects neural crest patterns during cardiovascular development. (6/438)
We used transgenic mice in which the promoter sequence for connexin 43 linked to a lacZ reporter was expressed in neural crest but not myocardial cells to document the pattern of cardiac neural crest cells in the caudal pharyngeal arches and cardiac outflow tract. Expression of lacZ was strikingly similar to that of cardiac neural crest cells in quail-chick chimeras. By using this transgenic mouse line to compare cardiac neural crest involvement in cardiac outflow septation and aortic arch artery development in mouse and chick, we were able to note differences and similarities in their cardiovascular development. Similar to neural crest cells in the chick, lacZ-positive cells formed a sheath around the persisting aortic arch arteries, comprised the aorticopulmonary septation complex, were located at the site of final fusion of the conal cushions, and populated the cardiac ganglia. In quail-chick chimeras generated for this study, neural crest cells entered the outflow tract by two pathways, submyocardially and subendocardially. In the mouse only the subendocardial population of lacZ-positive cells could be seen as the cells entered the outflow tract. In addition lacZ-positive cells completely surrounded the aortic sac prior to septation, while in the chick, neural crest cells were scattered around the aortic sac with the bulk of cells distributed in the bridging portion of the aorticopulmonary septation complex. In the chick, submyocardial populations of neural crest cells assembled on opposite sides of the aortic sac and entered the conotruncal ridges. Even though the aortic sac in the mouse was initially surrounded by lacZ-positive cells, the two outflow vessels that resulted from its septation showed differential lacZ expression. The ascending aorta was invested by lacZ-positive cells while the pulmonary trunk was devoid of lacZ staining. In the chick, both of these vessels were invested by neural crest cells, but the cells arrived secondarily by displacement from the aortic arch arteries during vessel elongation. This may indicate a difference in derivation of the pulmonary trunk in the mouse or a difference in distribution of cardiac neural crest cells. An independent mouse neural crest marker is needed to confirm whether the differences are indeed due to species differences in cardiovascular and/or neural crest development. Nevertheless, with the differences noted, we believe that this mouse model faithfully represents the location of cardiac neural crest cells. The similarities in location of lacZ-expressing cells in the mouse to that of cardiac neural crest cells in the chick suggest that this mouse is a good model for studying mammalian cardiac neural crest and that the mammalian cardiac neural crest performs functions similar to those shown for chick. (+info)Mutations in the zebrafish unmask shared regulatory pathways controlling the development of catecholaminergic neurons. (7/438)
The mechanism by which pluripotent progenitors give rise to distinct classes of mature neurons in vertebrates is not well understood. To address this issue we undertook a genetic screen for mutations which affect the commitment and differentiation of catecholaminergic (CA) [dopaminergic (DA), noradrenergic (NA), and adrenergic] neurons in the zebrafish, Danio rerio. The identified mutations constitute five complementation groups. motionless and foggy affect the number and differentiation state of hypothalamic DA, telencephalic DA, retinal DA, locus coeruleus (LC) NA, and sympathetic NA neurons. The too few mutation leads to a specific reduction in the number of hypothalamic DA neurons. no soul lacks arch-associated NA cells and has defects in pharyngeal arches, and soulless lacks both arch-associated and LC cell groups. Our analyses suggest that the genes defined by these mutations regulate different steps in the differentiation of multipotent CA progenitors. They further reveal an underlying universal mechanism for the control of CA cell fates, which involve combinatorial usage of regulatory genes. (+info)13-cis-Retinoic acid alters neural crest cells expressing Krox-20 and Pax-2 in macaque embryos. (8/438)
This study investigates hindbrain and associated neural crest (NCC), otocyst, and pharyngeal arch development in monkey embryos following teratogenic exposure to 13-cis-retinoic acid (cRA). cRA was orally administered (5 mg/kg) to pregnant long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) between gestational days (GD) 12 and 27. Embryos were surgically collected at desired stages during treatment, analyzed for external morphological changes, and processed for immunohistochemistry. Two transiently expressed nuclear proteins, Krox-20 and Pax-2, were used as markers for the target cellular and anatomical structures. Rhombomere (r) expression patterns of Pax-2 (r4/r6) and Krox-20 (r3/r5) were maintained after cRA treatment, but r4 and r5 were substantially reduced in size. In untreated embryos, Krox-20 immunoreactive NCC derived from r5 migrated caudally around the developing otocyst to contribute to the third pharyngeal arch mesenchyme. In cRA-treated embryos, a subpopulation of NCC rostral to the otocyst also showed Krox-20 immunoreactivity, but there was a substantial reduction in Krox-20 post-otic NCC. Pax-2 immunoreactive NCC migrating from r4 to the second pharyngeal arch were substantially reduced in numbers in treated embryos. Alteration in the otic anlage included delayed invagination, abnormal relationship with the adjacent hindbrain epithelium, and altered expression boundaries for Pax-2. cRA-associated changes in the pharyngeal arch region due to cRA included truncation of the distal portion of the first arch and reduction in the size of the second arch. These alterations in hindbrain, neural crest, otic anlage, and pharyngeal arch morphogenesis could contribute to some of the craniofacial malformations in the macaque fetus associated with exposure to cRA. (+info)The branchial region, also known as the pharyngeal region or viscerocranium, is a term used in human anatomy to refer to the area of the developing embryo that gives rise to structures derived from the branchial (or pharyngeal) arches. The branchial arches are a series of paired, rod-like structures that appear early in embryonic development and give rise to various head and neck structures, including the bones and muscles of the face, jaws, and neck, as well as the associated nerves, blood vessels, and connective tissues.
The branchial region is divided into several subregions, each corresponding to a specific branchial arch. The first branchial arch gives rise to structures such as the mandible (lower jaw), maxilla (upper jaw), and muscles of mastication (chewing). The second branchial arch forms the stapes and styloid process in the ear, as well as some neck muscles. The third and fourth branchial arches contribute to the formation of the larynx, thyroid cartilage, and other structures in the neck.
Abnormalities in the development of the branchial region can lead to a variety of congenital defects, such as cleft palate, micrognathia (small jaw), and branchial cysts or sinuses. These conditions may require surgical intervention to correct.
Herdmania
Branchial cleft cyst
EGR2
Botrylloides violaceus
HOXA3
Chionoecetes opilio
Australiteuthis
Charybdis hellerii
Branchio-oculo-facial syndrome
Ebalia tumefacta
Henry Hamilton Bailey
Arenicolidae
Harrimania planktophilus
Ymeria
Galeolaria
Chaceon crosnieri
Chaceon bicolor
Corydalidae
Ampullariidae
Carcineretidae
Toxotes kimberleyensis
OSR1
Hypothalassia acerba
Raninidae
Dvinosaurus
Kiwa (crustacean)
Nucleus ambiguus
Siboglinidae
Bezold's abscess
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Cleft cyst7
- A branchial cyst, also called branchial cleft cyst, is a cavity that is present at birth on one side of the neck. (medicinenet.com)
- In comparison with a branchial cleft cyst, a cystic hygroma is also smooth and soft but is located behind the sternocleidomastoid muscle. (medicinenet.com)
- This structure commonly drains from inside the floor of the mouth to an opening similar to that of a branchial cleft cyst, but it's located in the center of the neck in the area of the larynx (voice box). (medicinenet.com)
- We report an even more rare and unique case of a branchial cleft cyst with features of both first and second arch derivatives. (biomedcentral.com)
- We believe that our detailed description of this rare first branchial cleft cyst with pharyngeal extension, possibly a hybrid case between a first and second branchial cyst, can serve as a valuable tool to Otolaryngologists - Head and Neck Surgeons who come across a similar unusual presentations. (biomedcentral.com)
- We will describe in this article an exceptional case of a first branchial cleft cyst presenting as a presumed ear canal cholesteatoma in association with an abnormal bony canal and a pharyngeal cyst. (biomedcentral.com)
- Differential diagnosis involves branchial cleft cyst, lymphoepithelial cyst, thyroid gland lesions, ranula and lymphadenopathy (of various etiologies). (bvsalud.org)
Cysts6
- Branchial cysts usually cause no immediate problem. (medicinenet.com)
- We evaluated spleens (n = 26), appendices (n = 10) and branchial cleft cysts (n = 6) for TdT-positive cells in pediatric patients. (haematologica.org)
- In spleen, appendix and branchial cleft cysts the range of TdT-positivity was 0-13, 0-96 and 0-6 TdT+ cells/hpf, respectively. (haematologica.org)
- Branchial cleft anomalies are the second most common congenital neck masses in the pediatric population, following thyroglossal duct cysts [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- However, within the diagnosis of branchial cleft anomalies, first branchial cleft cysts are a rare occurrence, accounting for less than 10% of cases. (biomedcentral.com)
- proposed a classification with two distinct types of first branchial cleft cysts [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Cyst5
- What Is a Branchial Cyst in Neck? (medicinenet.com)
- A branchial cyst is a cavity that is a congenital remnant from embryologic development. (medicinenet.com)
- What are symptoms of a branchial cyst? (medicinenet.com)
- What are structures in the neck that can be similar to a branchial cyst? (medicinenet.com)
- Both these things might not occur at all and over time it might grow into a branchial cyst. (epainassist.com)
Arch7
- Problems with branchial arch development underlie many of the other features of branchio-oculo-facial syndrome. (medlineplus.gov)
- However, anomalies of the second branchial arch and pouch are common which accounts for 90-95% of the cases. (epainassist.com)
- The first pair loses its connection with the dorsal aorta and begins to disappear in the mandibular process of the first branchial arch. (ehd.org)
- The caudal three pairs of aortic arches course through the central portion of their respective branchial arch. (ehd.org)
- We show that the bichir external gills develop solely from the hyoid arch region, and our results further identify an unexpected acceleration of all germ layers of the bichir hyoid metamere. (elsevier.com)
- This implies that inter-rhombomeric signalling is less important than combinatorial interactions between the hindbrain and the adjacent arch environment in specific regions, in the process of restricting the generation and migration of neural crest cells. (silverchair.com)
- TBX1 is a transcription factor involved in the development of branchial arch structures. (immunodeficiencysearch.com)
Including branchial arches1
- In the head, this appearance was followed by strong expression in mesenchymal tissues including branchial arches. (duke.edu)
Pharyngeal5
- The basic tissues of development within the head and neck (ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm, neuroepithelium) become organized into the pharyngeal apparatus, also known as the branchial apparatus, which is the forerunner of the head and neck structures. (medscape.com)
- The apparatus consists of 5 mesodermal (branchial) arches appearing in the lateral wall of the foregut and separated from each other externally by ectoderm-lined brachial clefts and internally by endoderm-lined pharyngeal pouches. (medscape.com)
- The phylogenesis and ontogenesis of the human pharyngeal region focused on the thymus, parathyroid, and thyroid glands. (nel.edu)
- The pharyngeal (branchial) region represents a classic example where the relationship between ontogenesis and phylogenesis has been demo. (nel.edu)
- We have revealed an early lateral expansion of the pharyngeal endoderm in the hyoid region, which constitutes the external gill anlage. (elsevier.com)
Known as branchial1
- In the early stages of prenatal development, the face and neck forms from 5 building blocks known as branchial arches which are separated from each other through clefts. (epainassist.com)
Mesodermal3
- A region, of SOMITE development period, that contains a number of paired arches, each with a mesodermal core lined by ectoderm and endoderm on the two sides. (wakehealth.edu)
- From these mesodermal structures the branchial arches develop, the first of which gives rise to internal nasal structures. (medscape.com)
- Cad-11 first appeared in mesodermal layers only in the head and tail regions at the mid-to-late primitive streak stages. (duke.edu)
Clefts2
- Separating the arches are the branchial clefts or grooves. (wakehealth.edu)
- Cleft palate is a congenital condition where there is incomplete closure of some of the branchial clefts before birth. (scuba-doc.com)
GILLS4
- In lower aquatic vertebrates, branchial arches develop into GILLS. (wakehealth.edu)
- The external gills are transient but key larval adaptations that are well known from amphibians or from lungfishes, and that develop on branchial arches as a rule. (elsevier.com)
- We conclude that bichir external gills are indeed unique among all vertebrates in that they develop by heterochronic acceleration of all germ layers within the hyoid region of developing bichir head. (elsevier.com)
- Another typical adaptation of apple snails is the combination of a branchial respiration system comparable with the gills of a fish (at the right side of the snail body) and a lung (at the left side of the body ). (applesnail.net)
Anomalies6
- The occurrence of all these abnormalities is called branchial anomalies. (epainassist.com)
- Typically the presence of branchial fistulas or branchial anomalies can be found on the front part of the neck. (epainassist.com)
- These branchial anomalies could get enlarged due to infection in the upper respiratory tract . (epainassist.com)
- (2) Branchial fistulas are rare anomalies of embryonic development of the branchial apparatus. (epainassist.com)
- First branchial cleft anomalies are rare, accounting for only 10% of all branchial cleft anomalies. (biomedcentral.com)
- Other rare presentations can be severe respiratory distress or sudden infant death syndrome due to lesions at the base of the tongue, a lateral cystic neck mass, an anterior tongue fistula, or coexistence with branchial anomalies [6]. (bvsalud.org)
Genes2
- As its name suggests, this protein is a transcription factor, which means it attaches (binds) to specific regions of DNA and helps control the activity of particular genes. (medlineplus.gov)
- 2. Although the most common deletion includes a region containing more than 35 genes, the TBX1 gene has emerged as one of the most likely causes of the DGS phenotype. (immunodeficiencysearch.com)
Tissues4
- Branchio-" refers to the branchial arches, which are structures in the developing embryo that give rise to tissues in the face and neck. (medlineplus.gov)
- What was done by Spaulding for the external genitalia I have endeavored to do for the branchial region, and it is my purpose in the following pages to outline what seem to be the significant morphological features in the transformation of the tissues in the neighborhood of the first gill-cleft into the definitive auricle. (edu.au)
- Branchial cellular responses, adjunct to the attachment of H. thynni by its opisthaptoral clamps, included hyperplasia and inflammation resulting in structural remodeling of branchial tissues. (edu.au)
- 1999). AP-2α knockout mice studies have shown that loss of AP-2α in multiple tissues in the craniofacial region leads to severe optic cup patterning defects and failure of optic stalk morphogenesis. (preventiongenetics.com)
Structures2
- This protein is critical during development before birth, particularly of the branchial arches, which form the structures of the face and neck. (medlineplus.gov)
- This chapter gives an overview of the important structures, muscles, fasciae , and vessels ( arteries , veins , lymph , nerves) of the head and neck region. (amboss.com)
Caudal4
- The endoderm of the primitive pharynx transiently contacts the ectoderm to form thin, double-layered, branchial membranes at the caudal aspect of each cleft. (medscape.com)
- After the heart tube and pericardium have rotated from the cranial position to lie anteriorly, the notochord, which is initially in the caudal region of the embryonic disc, rotates to lie posterior to the primitive foregut. (medscape.com)
- color of live specimens, reddish with a broad, conspicuous, white stripe from post-orbital region to the caudal-fin base and a white abdomen (Ref. 95046). (fishbase.de)
- The facial part of the acousticofacial primordium migrates cranial and ventral to end adjacent to the epibranchial placode, which is located on the dorsal and caudal aspect of the first branchial cleft. (medscape.com)
Fistula4
- Branchial fistula is a condition that occurs during the stage of embryonic development. (epainassist.com)
- They may also connect with the throat lining and may drain mucus from a small opening which is called the branchial fistula. (epainassist.com)
- Talking of symptoms of Branchial fistula, in most cases, it has been seen that the early symptoms of Branchial fistula become visible either during the later part of childhood or the early part of adulthood. (epainassist.com)
- Having discerned the symptoms that are the first indications of the Branchial fistula, it is eminent here to mention that branchial fistulas can be of four types. (epainassist.com)
Connective tissue1
- Cranial neural crest cells are a pluripotent population of cells derived from the neural tube that migrate into the branchial arches to generate the distinctive bone, connective tissue and peripheral nervous system components characteristic of the vertebrate head. (silverchair.com)
Lateral1
- From the lateral view, the sides of the head have smooth surfaces in the loreal, supraorbital, and supralabial regions, while there are large tubercles on the postorbital region. (amphibiaweb.org)
Anterior2
- The ventral surfaces, anterior region of the gular, and the chest and stomach are smooth and have some dispersed granules and tubercles. (amphibiaweb.org)
- Cardiac and anterior branchial regions slightly circumscribed. (plazi.org)
Diagnosis1
- PURPOSE: To improve the understanding of the diagnosis and treatment of neurolemmoma in maxillofacial region by summarizing its clinical features. (bvsalud.org)
Respiration1
- Respiration is with the help of branchial sac. (wikipedia.org)
Dorsal2
- It has a flat dorsal surface of the cephalic region. (amphibiaweb.org)
- In the thoracic and upper lumbar regions the dorsal aorta is a large, single vessel. (ehd.org)
Sinus1
- This is done through the branchial sinus which is a small opening on the skin. (epainassist.com)
Week of gestation1
- Development of the branchial apparatus begins during the second week of gestation and is complete by week 6-7. (medscape.com)
Distinct2
Pharynx1
- Water enters the body from the region of mouth or branchial aperture, passes through the pharynx where food is picked up. (wikipedia.org)
Hyoid1
- TDCs can be found anywhere in the midline from the submental region to the suprasternal notch, but are most commonly located halfway between these extremes, near the hyoid bone [11]. (bvsalud.org)
Cervical region1
- BOFS is characterized by Branchial defects, which include erythematous cutaneous defects in the cervical region. (preventiongenetics.com)
Siphon2
- Branchial siphon has a branchial or incurrent aperture or mouth. (wikipedia.org)
- Spicules were significantly smaller in the contractile regions of the animal (the siphon and branchial basket) and were also found in lower densities, though not significantly. (edu.au)
Involves1
- This involves the mouth and soft palate and can be related to changes in the region around the openings to the Eustachian tubes. (scuba-doc.com)
Thyroid glands1
- However they can also be spotted on the lowers part of the neck, the region around which a person has the thyroid glands or the area around the ear. (epainassist.com)
Posterior regions2
- There are branchiae present on some of the setigers in the middle or posterior regions. (eol.org)
- Autotomy and regeneration of their posterior regions, and swimming behavior were also observed in an aquarium environment. (bioone.org)
Development2
- This was pointed out by Mall (1914), who proposed the subdivision of this period into stages, based upon the development of external features, such as the branchial arches, arms, and legs. (edu.au)
- This creates crest-free territories and suggests that tissue interactions established during development and patterning of the branchial arches may set up signals that the neural plate is primed to interpret during the progressive events leading to the delamination and migration of neural crest cells. (silverchair.com)
Putative1
- Importantly, we identify putative ESRRa binding elements in upstream regions of sox9 to which ESRRa can directly bind, indicating that Esrra may directly regulate sox9 expression. (nature.com)
Abnormal1
- In people with branchio-oculo-facial syndrome, the first and second branchial arches do not develop properly, leading to abnormal patches of skin, typically on the neck or near the ears. (medlineplus.gov)
Median2
Infection1
- Gill associated lymphoid tissue infiltrated the lamellar regions particularly in response to helminth infection. (edu.au)
Head1
- The head and neck region is the beginning of the respiratory and digestive tract, both of which also have their own articles. (amboss.com)
Adjacent1
- Our results show that mouse hindbrain-derived neural crest cells migrate in three segregated streams adjacent to the even-numbered rhombomeres into the branchial arches, and each stream contains contributions of cells from three rhombomeres in a pattern very similar to that observed in the chick embryo. (silverchair.com)
Midline1
- They gradually approach each other and fuse in the midline in the midcervical region. (ehd.org)
Lymphoid1
- In spleens, scattered TdT+ cells were seen most frequently in periarteriolar lymphoid sheath regions. (haematologica.org)
Syndrome1
- Branchial-Oto-Renal Syndrome Panel. (nih.gov)
ARTERIES1
- It bifurcates into right and left common iliac arteries in the lower lumbar region. (ehd.org)
Neck region1
- This structure is a malformation of the lymphatic system in the neck region. (medicinenet.com)
Concave1
- The loreal region is concave, angled inward, and not really wide. (amphibiaweb.org)
Total1
- This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Branchial Region" by people in this website by year, and whether "Branchial Region" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (wakehealth.edu)
Bone1
- Computed tomography examination (CT scan) of the neck and temporal bones revealed a normal left middle ear with the presence of a bony canal in the deep portion of the tympanic bone originating from the pre-tympanic region. (biomedcentral.com)
Occurs1
- Ca 2+ imaging and electrophysiological studies have indicated that the bulk of Ca 2+ influx in HCs occurs in hotspots located in discrete regions of the basolateral membrane. (jneurosci.org)
Found1
- It can be found deep in platysma muscle and the region of overlying cervical fascia. (epainassist.com)
Form1
- It is clear that before a satisfactory series of developmental stages, based on external form, can be arrived at, it will be necessary to study separately each part of the body and establish the normal sequence of differentiation, region by region. (edu.au)
Body1
- The body proper has two projections-atrial and branchial siphons. (wikipedia.org)