Biotin. Medical search. Definitions

A water-soluble, enzyme co-factor present in minute amounts in every living cell. It occurs mainly bound to proteins or polypeptides and is abundant in liver, kidney, pancreas, yeast, and milk.

A specific protein in egg albumin that interacts with BIOTIN to render it unavailable to mammals, thereby producing biotin deficiency.

Enzymes that catalyze the joining of two molecules by the formation of a carbon-nitrogen bond. EC 6.3.

A 60-kDa extracellular protein of Streptomyces avidinii with four high-affinity biotin binding sites. Unlike AVIDIN, streptavidin has a near neutral isoelectric point and is free of carbohydrate side chains.

A carboxy-lyase that catalyzes the decarboxylation of (S)-2-Methyl-3-oxopropanoyl-CoA to propanoyl-CoA. In microorganisms the reaction can be coupled to the vectorial transport of SODIUM ions across the cytoplasmic membrane.

A biotin-dependent enzyme belonging to the ligase family that catalyzes the addition of CARBON DIOXIDE to pyruvate. It is occurs in both plants and animals. Deficiency of this enzyme causes severe psychomotor retardation and ACIDOSIS, LACTIC in infants. EC 6.4.1.1.

Enzymes which transfer sulfur atoms to various acceptor molecules. EC 2.8.1.

Valerates are salts or esters formed from the reaction between valerianic acid and a base, characterized by their tranquilizing and sedative properties, often used in pharmaceuticals and dietary supplements for promoting sleep and reducing anxiety.

An enzyme which catalyzes the release of BIOTIN from biocytin. In human, defects in the enzyme are the cause of the organic acidemia MULTIPLE CARBOXYLASE DEFICIENCY or BIOTINIDASE DEFICIENCY.

Enzymes that catalyze the joining of two molecules by the formation of a carbon-carbon bond. These are the carboxylating enzymes and are mostly biotinyl-proteins. EC 6.4.

A carboxylating enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ATP, acetyl-CoA, and HCO3- to ADP, orthophosphate, and malonyl-CoA. It is a biotinyl-protein that also catalyzes transcarboxylation. The plant enzyme also carboxylates propanoyl-CoA and butanoyl-CoA (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 6.4.1.2.

The form of fatty acid synthase complex found in BACTERIA; FUNGI; and PLANTS. Catalytic steps are like the animal form but the protein structure is different with dissociated enzymes encoded by separate genes. It is a target of some ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS which result in disruption of the CELL MEMBRANE and CELL WALL.

A group of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of carboxyl- or carbamoyl- groups. EC 2.1.3.

A group of compounds that are derivatives of heptanedioic acid with the general formula R-C7H11O4.

Highly keratinized processes that are sharp and curved, or flat with pointed margins. They are found especially at the end of the limbs in certain animals.

A deficiency in the activities of biotin-dependent enzymes (propionyl-CoA carboxylase, methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase, and PYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE) due to one of two defects in BIOTIN metabolism. The neonatal form is due to HOLOCARBOXYLASE SYNTHETASE DEFICIENCY. The late-onset form is due to BIOTINIDASE DEFICIENCY.

The white of an egg, especially a chicken's egg, used in cooking. It contains albumin. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

The late onset form of MULTIPLE CARBOXYLASE DEFICIENCY (deficiency of the activities of biotin-dependent enzymes propionyl-CoA carboxylase, methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase, and PYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE) due to a defect or deficiency in biotinidase which is essential for recycling BIOTIN.

A condition due to deficiency in any member of the VITAMIN B COMPLEX. These B vitamins are water-soluble and must be obtained from the diet because they are easily lost in the urine. Unlike the lipid-soluble vitamins, they cannot be stored in the body fat.

Enzymes that catalyze the addition of a carboxyl group to a compound (carboxylases) or the removal of a carboxyl group from a compound (decarboxylases). EC 4.1.1.

A class of enzymes that catalyze the formation of a bond between two substrate molecules, coupled with the hydrolysis of a pyrophosphate bond in ATP or a similar energy donor. (Dorland, 28th ed) EC 6.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

A butyryl-beta-alanine that can also be viewed as pantoic acid complexed with BETA ALANINE. It is incorporated into COENZYME A and protects cells against peroxidative damage by increasing the level of GLUTATHIONE.

The neonatal form of MULTIPLE CARBOXYLASE DEFICIENCY that is caused by a defect or deficiency in holocarboxylase synthetase. HLCS is the enzyme that covalently links biotin to the biotin dependent carboxylases (propionyl-CoA-carboxylase, pyruvate carboxylase, and beta-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase).

Identification of three distinct receptor binding sites of murine interleukin-11. (1/2828)

Interleukin-11 (IL-11) is a member of the gp130 family of cytokines. These cytokines drive the assembly of multisubunit receptor complexes, all of which contain at least one molecule of the transmembrane signaling receptor gp130. A complex of IL-11 and the IL-11 receptor (IL-11R) has been shown to interact with gp130, with high affinity, and to induce gp130- dependent signaling. In this study, we have identified residues crucial for the binding of murine IL-11 (mIL-11) to both the IL-11R and gp130 by examining the activities of mIL-11 mutants in receptor binding and cell proliferation assays. The location of these residues, as predicted from structural studies and a model of IL-11, reveals that mIL-11 has three distinct receptor binding sites. These are structurally and functionally analogous to the previously defined receptor binding sites I, II, and III of interleukin-6 (IL-6). This supports the hypothesis that IL-11 signals via the formation of a hexameric receptor complex and indicates that site III is a generic feature of cytokines that signal via association with gp130. (+info)

Adhesion energy of receptor-mediated interaction measured by elastic deformation. (2/2828)

We investigated the role of receptor binding affinity in surface adhesion. A sensitive technique was developed to measure the surface energy of receptor-mediated adhesion. The experimental system involved a functionalized elastic agarose bead resting on a functionalized glass coverslip. Attractive intersurface forces pulled the two surfaces together, deforming the bead to produce an enlarged contact area. The Johnson-Kendall-Roberts (JKR) model was used to relate the surface energy of the interaction to the elasticity of the bead and the area of contact. The surface energies for different combinations of modified surfaces in solution were obtained from reflection interference contrast microscopy (RICM) measurements of the contact area formed by the bead and the coverslip. Studies with surfaces functionalized with ligand-receptor pairs showed that the relationship between surface energy and the association constant of the ligand binding has two regimes. At low binding affinity, surface energy increased linearly with the association constant, while surface energy increased logarithmically with the association constant in the high affinity regime. (+info)

Molecular biology of biotin attachment to proteins. (3/2828)

Enzymatic attachment of biotin to proteins requires the interaction of a distinct domain of the acceptor protein (the "biotin domain") with the enzyme, biotin protein ligase, that catalyzes this essential and rare post-translational modification. Both biotin domains and biotin protein ligases are very strongly conserved throughout biology. This review concerns the protein structures and mechanisms involved in the covalent attachment of biotin to proteins. (+info)

Human biotinidase isn't just for recycling biotin. (4/2828)

For years, the major role of biotin has been as the coenzyme for four carboxylases in humans. Although there has been evidence that biotin might have other functions, none has been firmly established. The discovery that human serum biotinidase has biotinyl-transferase activity, in addition to biotinidase hydrolase activity, presents new possibilities for the role of biotinidase in biotin metabolism. Specific transfer of biotin to histones by biotinidase provides a possible explanation for why biotin is found in the nucleus and the nature of its role in the regulation of protein transcription. Future studies will help to determine the functions of biotinidase in biotin metabolism and in disease states. (+info)

Cellular uptake of biotin: mechanisms and regulation. (5/2828)

This review describes our knowledge of biotin transport in the small intestine of humans and other mammals and presents recent findings in the area. Previous studies have shown that biotin transport across the brush border membrane of the small intestinal absorptive cells occurs via a carrier-mediated, Na+ gradient-dependent, electroneutral mechanism. Exit of biotin out of the enterocyte, i.e., transport across the basolateral membrane, also occurs via a carrier-mediated process, but the process is Na+ independent and electrogenic. Recent studies from our laboratory have shown that the uptake process of biotin in Caco-2 cells, a human-derived cultured intestinal epithelial cell line, are under the cellular regulation of both a protein kinase C- and a Ca/calmodulin-mediated pathway. In addition, the uptake process is shared by another water-soluble vitamin, pantothenic acid. For the first time, other recent studies have detected the existence of a Na+-dependent, carrier-mediated mechanism for biotin uptake at the apical membrane of colonocytes, which could theoretically mediate absorption of the biotin synthesized by colonic microflora. This system was again found to be shared by pantothenic acid, which is also synthesized by the normal microflora of the large intestine. (+info)

Advanced analysis of biotin metabolites in body fluids allows a more accurate measurement of biotin bioavailability and metabolism in humans. (6/2828)

In previous studies, the bioavailability of biotin in humans was estimated from the recovery of biotin in urine; urinary biotin was measured by microbial growth assays or assays of avidin-binding activity. These assays underestimate concentrations of biotin metabolites, which originate from beta-oxidation, sulfur oxidation or a combination. We have developed an HPLC/avidin-binding assay that is specific for biotin and its metabolites. With the use of the HPLC/avidin-binding assay, TLC and derivatization with p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde, we have identified and quantitated biotin and metabolites in urine from six healthy adults. Of that total, biotin accounted for 32+/-12%, bisnorbiotin for 52+/-15%, bisnorbiotin methyl ketone for 7.9+/-5.8%, biotin-d,l-sulfoxide for 4.0+/-3.2% and biotin sulfone for 3.6+/-1.9%. After intravenous administration of 18.4 micromol of biotin, the urinary excretion of biotin metabolites increased 21-130 times above baseline values. Because the biliary excretion of biotin is quantitatively minor (1.9+/-0.2% of an intravenous [14C]biotin dose in rats), intravenously administered biotin is not exposed to intestinal microorganisms. Thus we conclude that biotin metabolites in human urine originate from biotin catabolism in human tissues rather than biotin catabolism by intestinal microorganisms. With the use of the HPLC/avidin-binding assay, we estimated the bioavailability of biotin in adults from the urinary excretion of biotin and metabolites after ingestion of 2.1, 8.2 and 81.9 micromol of biotin. These data provide evidence that biotin is nearly completely absorbed. (+info)

Biotin status: which are valid indicators and how do we know? (7/2828)

Although estimated average requirements for biotin have been proposed, the human requirements for biotin in specific populations and at various ages remain uncertain, in part because indicators of biotin status have not been validated. With the use of improved methods for measuring biotin and metabolites, a recent study indicated that decreased urinary excretion of biotin and bisnorbiotin is an early and sensitive indicator of biotin deficiency, but decreased serum concentration of biotin is not. Increased urinary excretion of 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid (3-HIA), a leucine metabolite that is excreted in increased quantities with deficiency of the biotin-dependent enzyme beta-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase, is also an early and sensitive indicator of biotin deficiency. When these indicators were assessed longitudinally in 13 pregnant women, biotin excretion was not significantly decreased early in pregnancy but did decrease significantly from early to late pregnancy. Excretion of 3-HIA was abnormally increased in about three-fourths of the women studied in both early and late pregnancy. Thus, each indicator detected biotin deficiency late in pregnancy, but assessment of biotin status for the two indicators conflicted early in pregnancy. Preliminary results from a trial assessing response of 3-HIA excretion to biotin treatment indicate that biotin status is indeed impaired both early and late in pregnancy. (+info)

Mapping binding domains of kininogens on endothelial cell cytokeratin 1. (8/2828)

Human cytokeratin 1 (CK1) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) is expressed on their membranes and is able to bind high molecular weight kininogen (HK) (Hasan, A. A. K., Zisman, T., and Schmaier, A. H. (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 95, 3615-3620). New investigations have been performed to demonstrate the HK binding domain on CK1. Four overlapping recombinant (r) CK1 proteins were produced in Escherichia coli by a glutathione S-transferase gene fusion system. Biotin-HK specifically bound to rCK128 and rCK131 in the presence of Zn2+ but not to Deleted1-6rCK131. Recombinant CK128 and rCK131 also inhibited biotin-HK binding to HUVEC with IC50 of 0.4 and 0.5 microM, respectively. Alternatively, rCK114 and Deleted1-6rCK131 did not inhibit binding at concentrations >/=1 microM. Seven sequential 20 amino acid peptides of CK1 were prepared to cover the protein coded by exons 1-3. Only the first peptide (GYG20) coded by exon 1 significantly inhibited HK binding to HUVEC with an IC50 of 35 microM. Fine mapping studies isolated two overlapping peptides also coded by exon 1 (GPV15 and PGG15) that inhibited binding to HUVEC with IC50 of 18 and 9 microM, respectively. A sequence scrambled peptide of PGG15 did not block binding to HUVEC and biotin-GPV20 specifically bound to HK. Peptides GPV15 and PGG15 also blocked prekallikrein activation on endothelial cells. However, inhibition of PK activation by peptide PGG15 occurred at 10-fold lower concentration (IC50 = 1 microM) than inhibition of biotin-HK binding to HUVEC (IC50 = 10 microM). These studies indicate that HK binds to a region of 20 amino acids coded by exon 1 on CK1 which is carboxyl-terminal to its glycine-rich amino-terminal globular domain. Furthermore, HK binding to CK1 modulates PK activation on HUVEC. (+info)

Biotin is a water-soluble vitamin, also known as Vitamin B7 or Vitamin H. It is a cofactor for several enzymes involved in metabolism, particularly in the synthesis and breakdown of fatty acids, amino acids, and carbohydrates. Biotin plays a crucial role in maintaining healthy skin, hair, nails, nerves, and liver function. It is found in various foods such as nuts, seeds, whole grains, milk, and vegetables. Biotin deficiency is rare but can occur in people with malnutrition, alcoholism, pregnancy, or certain genetic disorders.

Avidin is a protein found in the white of eggs (egg whites) and some other animal tissues. It has a high binding affinity for biotin, also known as vitamin B7 or vitamin H, which is an essential nutrient for humans and other organisms. This property makes avidin useful in various biochemical and medical applications, such as immunohistochemistry, blotting techniques, and drug delivery systems.

Biotin-avidin interactions are among the strongest non-covalent interactions known in nature, with a dissociation constant (Kd) of approximately 10^-15 M. This means that once biotin is bound to avidin, it is very difficult to separate them. In some cases, this property can be exploited to create stable and specific complexes for various applications.

However, it's worth noting that the high affinity of avidin for biotin can also have negative effects in certain contexts. For example, raw egg whites contain large amounts of avidin, which can bind to biotin in the gut and prevent its absorption if consumed in sufficient quantities. This can lead to biotin deficiency, which can cause various health problems. Cooking egg whites denatures avidin and reduces its ability to bind to biotin, making cooked eggs a safe source of biotin.

Carbon-Nitrogen (C-N) ligases are a class of enzymes that catalyze the joining of a carbon atom from a donor molecule to a nitrogen atom in an acceptor molecule through a process called ligase reaction. This type of enzyme plays a crucial role in various biological processes, including the biosynthesis of amino acids, nucleotides, and other biomolecules that contain both carbon and nitrogen atoms.

C-N ligases typically require ATP or another energy source to drive the reaction forward, as well as cofactors such as metal ions or vitamins to facilitate the chemical bond formation between the carbon and nitrogen atoms. The specificity of C-N ligases varies depending on the enzyme, with some acting only on specific donor and acceptor molecules while others have broader substrate ranges.

Examples of C-N ligases include glutamine synthetase, which catalyzes the formation of glutamine from glutamate and ammonia, and asparagine synthetase, which catalyzes the formation of asparagine from aspartate and ammonia. Understanding the function and regulation of C-N ligases is important for understanding various biological processes and developing strategies to modulate them in disease states.

Streptavidin is not a medical term per se, but rather a biochemical term used in the field of medicine and laboratory research. Streptavidin is a protein that is derived from the bacterium Streptomyces avidinii. It has a unique ability to bind very strongly and specifically to another molecule called biotin, with an association constant that is one of the strongest non-covalent interactions known in nature.

This property makes streptavidin a valuable tool in various medical and research applications such as immunoassays, histology, molecular biology, and drug delivery systems. For example, biotinylated molecules (such as antibodies, DNA, or enzymes) can be linked to streptavidin for detection, purification, or targeting purposes.

In summary, streptavidin is a bacterial protein that binds strongly and specifically to biotin, which is used in various medical and research applications as a tool for detection, purification, or targeting purposes.

Methylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylase is a mitochondrial enzyme that plays a crucial role in the metabolism of certain amino acids and fatty acids. Specifically, it catalyzes the conversion of methylmalonyl-CoA to propionyl-CoA through the decarboxylation of the thioester bond.

The reaction is as follows:

Methylmalonyl-CoA → Propionyl-CoA + CO2

This enzyme requires biotin as a cofactor, and its activity is reduced in individuals with methylmalonic acidemia, a rare inherited metabolic disorder caused by mutations in the MMAB or MCEE genes that encode subunits of the methylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylase enzyme complex.

Deficiency of this enzyme leads to an accumulation of methylmalonic acid and methylmalonyl-CoA, which can cause metabolic acidosis, hyperammonemia, and other symptoms associated with the disorder.

Pyruvate carboxylase is a biotin-containing enzyme that plays a crucial role in gluconeogenesis, the process of generating new glucose molecules from non-carbohydrate sources. The enzyme catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate, an important intermediate in several metabolic pathways, particularly in the liver, kidneys, and brain.

The reaction catalyzed by pyruvate carboxylase is as follows:

Pyruvate + CO2 + ATP + H2O → Oxaloacetate + ADP + Pi + 2H+

In this reaction, pyruvate reacts with bicarbonate (HCO3-) to form oxaloacetate, consuming one molecule of ATP in the process. The generation of oxaloacetate provides a key entry point for non-carbohydrate precursors, such as lactate and certain amino acids, to enter the gluconeogenic pathway.

Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency is a rare but severe genetic disorder that can lead to neurological impairment and developmental delays due to the disruption of energy metabolism in the brain.

Sulfurtransferases are a group of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of a sulfur group from one molecule to another. These enzymes play a crucial role in various biological processes, including the detoxification of harmful compounds and the synthesis of important metabolites. They can be found in many organisms, from bacteria to humans.

In humans, there are several types of sulfurtransferases, including cysteine conjugate beta-lyase, rhodanese, and 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) reductase. These enzymes have different substrates and functions, but they all share the ability to transfer a sulfur group from one molecule to another.

For example, rhodanese is an enzyme that transfers a sulfur atom from thiosulfate to cyanide, converting it to less toxic thiocyanate. This reaction is important in the detoxification of cyanide in the body.

Sulfurtransferases are also involved in the synthesis of various metabolites, such as iron-sulfur clusters and molybdenum cofactor, which are essential for the function of many enzymes.

Deficiencies or mutations in sulfurtransferase genes can lead to various diseases and disorders, highlighting their importance in human health.

"Valerates" is not a recognized medical term. However, it may refer to a salt or ester of valeric acid, which is a carboxylic acid with the formula CH3CH2CH2CO2H. Valeric acid and its salts and esters are used in pharmaceuticals and perfumes. Valerates can have a sedative effect and are sometimes used as a treatment for anxiety or insomnia. One example is sodium valerate, which is used in the manufacture of some types of medical-grade polyester. Another example is diethyl valerate, an ester of valeric acid that is used as a flavoring agent and solvent.

Biotinidase is an enzyme that is responsible for the release of biotin, a vital nutrient, from proteins in the body. Biotin is essential for various metabolic processes, including the synthesis of fatty acids and glucose. Biotinidase deficiency can lead to serious health problems, such as seizures, developmental delays, and hearing and vision loss. Therefore, biotinidase levels are often measured in newborn screening tests to identify babies who may be at risk for this rare but treatable condition.

Carbon-carbon ligases are a type of enzyme that catalyze the formation of carbon-carbon bonds between two molecules. These enzymes play important roles in various biological processes, including the biosynthesis of natural products and the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids.

Carbon-carbon ligases can be classified into several categories based on the type of reaction they catalyze. For example, aldolases catalyze the condensation of an aldehyde or ketone with another molecule to form a new carbon-carbon bond and a new carbonyl group. Other examples include the polyketide synthases (PKSs) and nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs), which are large multienzyme complexes that catalyze the sequential addition of activated carbon units to form complex natural products.

Carbon-carbon ligases are important targets for drug discovery and development, as they play critical roles in the biosynthesis of many disease-relevant molecules. Inhibitors of these enzymes have shown promise as potential therapeutic agents for a variety of diseases, including cancer, infectious diseases, and metabolic disorders.

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCA) is a biotin-dependent enzyme that plays a crucial role in fatty acid synthesis. It catalyzes the conversion of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA, which is the first and rate-limiting step in the synthesis of long-chain fatty acids. The reaction catalyzed by ACCA is as follows:

acetyl-CoA + HCO3- + ATP + 2H+ --> malonyl-CoA + CoA + ADP + Pi + 2H2O

ACCA exists in two isoforms, a cytosolic form (ACC1) and a mitochondrial form (ACC2). ACC1 is primarily involved in fatty acid synthesis, while ACC2 is responsible for the regulation of fatty acid oxidation. The activity of ACCA is regulated by several factors, including phosphorylation/dephosphorylation, allosteric regulation, and transcriptional regulation. Dysregulation of ACCA has been implicated in various metabolic disorders, such as obesity, insulin resistance, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Fatty acid synthase type II (FASN2) is an alternative form of fatty acid synthase, which is a multi-functional enzyme complex responsible for the de novo synthesis of palmitate, a 16-carbon saturated fatty acid. In contrast to the classical type I fatty acid synthase (FASN), which is found in the cytoplasm and exists as a homodimer, FASN2 is localized in the mitochondria and consists of individual, monofunctional enzymes that catalyze each step of the fatty acid synthesis process.

The type II fatty acid synthase system includes several enzymes: acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), which provides malonyl-CoA; 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase, which catalyzes the initial condensation of acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA to form acetoacetyl-CoA; 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase/enoyl-CoA hydratase (HAD), which catalyzes the reduction, dehydration, and isomerization of acetoacetyl-CoA to form hydroxybutyryl-CoA; 3-ketoacyl-CoA reductase, which reduces hydroxybutyryl-CoA to butyryl-CoA; and enoyl-CoA reductase (ECR), which catalyzes the final reduction of butyryl-CoA to palmitate.

FASN2 is involved in various cellular processes, including energy metabolism, lipid biosynthesis, and protein acetylation. Dysregulation of FASN2 has been implicated in several diseases, such as cancer, obesity, and neurodegenerative disorders.

Carboxyl transferases and carbamoyl transferases are two types of enzymes that play a crucial role in various metabolic pathways by transferring a carboxyl or carbamoyl group from one molecule to another. Here are the medical definitions for both:

1. Carboxyl Transferases: These are a class of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of a carboxyl group (-COOH) from one molecule to another. They play an essential role in several metabolic processes, such as the synthesis and degradation of amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids, and other biomolecules. One example of a carboxyl transferase is pyruvate carboxylase, which catalyzes the addition of a carboxyl group to pyruvate, forming oxaloacetate in the gluconeogenesis pathway.
2. Carbamoyl Transferases: These are enzymes that facilitate the transfer of a carbamoyl group (-CONH2) from one molecule to another. They participate in various metabolic reactions, including the synthesis of essential compounds like arginine, pyrimidines, and urea. An example of a carbamoyl transferase is ornithine carbamoyltransferase (OCT), which catalyzes the transfer of a carbamoyl group from carbamoyl phosphate to ornithine during the urea cycle.

Both carboxyl and carbamoyl transferases are vital for maintaining proper cellular function and homeostasis in living organisms, including humans. Dysregulation or deficiency of these enzymes can lead to various metabolic disorders and diseases.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Pimelic Acids" is not a recognized medical term or concept in physiology, pathology, or pharmacology. It appears to be a term used in chemistry and biochemistry, referring to a specific type of organic compound known as a dicarboxylic acid with a seven-carbon backbone.

In biochemistry, pimelic acid may be involved in various metabolic processes, such as the synthesis of certain amino acids and lipids. However, it is not typically considered a medical term or diagnostic marker in clinical settings. If you're looking for information related to a specific medical condition or treatment, I would be happy to help if you could provide more context!

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Hoof and Claw" is not a medical term or condition. The term "hoof" refers to the hard covering on the toes of animals such as horses, cows, and other ungulates, while "claw" refers to the sharp nail-like structure found on the toes of animals such as cats, dogs, and birds.

If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health concerns, I would be happy to try to help answer them for you.

Multiple carboxylase deficiency (MCD) is a rare genetic disorder that affects the body's ability to metabolize certain amino acids, particularly those that contain sulfur. It is caused by mutations in the genes responsible for producing enzymes involved in the biotin-dependent carboxylation reactions, which are critical for various metabolic processes in the body.

There are two major types of MCD:

1. Profound multiple carboxylase deficiency (also known as Type II biotinidase deficiency): This form is more severe and is caused by a defect in the holocarboxylase synthetase enzyme, which is responsible for attaching biotin to several carboxylases.
2. Biotin-responsive multiple carboxylase deficiency (also known as Type I biotinidase deficiency): This form is milder and is caused by a defect in the biotinidase enzyme, which recycles biotin in the body. However, it can be treated with biotin supplementation.

Symptoms of MCD may include:

* Developmental delay
* Seizures
* Hypotonia (low muscle tone)
* Ataxia (lack of coordination)
* Rash
* Hair loss
* Acidosis (high levels of acid in the body)
* Coma and even death, if left untreated

Early diagnosis and treatment with biotin supplementation can significantly improve outcomes for individuals with MCD.

The "egg white" is the common name for the clear, protein-rich liquid contained within an egg. In medical or scientific terms, it is known as the albumen. The albumen is composed mainly of water and proteins, including ovalbumin, conalbumin, ovomucoid, and lysozyme. It also contains small amounts of carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals.

The egg white provides nutrition and protection for the developing embryo in fertilized eggs. In culinary uses, it is often consumed as a source of high-quality protein and is used in various dishes due to its ability to foam, gel, and bind ingredients together. It is also utilized in the production of vaccines and other medical products.

Biotinidase deficiency is a genetic disorder that affects the body's ability to recycle and reuse biotin, a type of B vitamin. Biotinidase is an enzyme that helps release biotin from proteins in the food we eat and recycle it for use by the body.

In people with biotinidase deficiency, the biotinidase enzyme is either partially or completely missing, leading to a decrease in available biotin. This can result in a variety of symptoms, including seizures, developmental delays, hearing and vision loss, skin rashes, hair loss, and muscle weakness.

There are two main types of biotinidase deficiency: partial deficiency and profound deficiency. Partial deficiency means that some biotinidase activity is present, but not enough to prevent symptoms. Profound deficiency means that there is little or no biotinidase activity, resulting in more severe symptoms.

Biotinidase deficiency can be diagnosed through a blood test that measures the level of biotinidase enzyme activity. Treatment typically involves taking biotin supplements to replace the missing biotin and prevent symptoms from developing or worsening. With early diagnosis and treatment, people with biotinidase deficiency can often lead normal lives.

Vitamin B deficiency refers to a condition where an individual's body lacks adequate amounts of one or more essential Vitamin B compounds, including Vitamin B1 (thiamin), Vitamin B2 (riboflavin), Vitamin B3 (niacin), Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid), Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), Vitamin B7 (biotin), Vitamin B9 (folate), and Vitamin B12 (cobalamin). These water-soluble vitamins play crucial roles in various bodily functions, such as energy production, nerve function, DNA repair, and the formation of red blood cells.

Deficiency in any of these Vitamin B compounds can lead to specific health issues. For instance:

1. Vitamin B1 (thiamin) deficiency can cause beriberi, a condition characterized by muscle weakness, peripheral neuropathy, and heart failure.
2. Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) deficiency may result in ariboflavinosis, which presents with inflammation of the mouth and tongue, anemia, and skin disorders.
3. Vitamin B3 (niacin) deficiency can lead to pellagra, marked by diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, and, if left untreated, death.
4. Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid) deficiency is rare but can cause acne-like skin lesions and neurological symptoms.
5. Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) deficiency may result in anemia, peripheral neuropathy, seizures, and skin disorders.
6. Vitamin B7 (biotin) deficiency can cause hair loss, skin rashes, and neurological symptoms.
7. Vitamin B9 (folate) deficiency can lead to megaloblastic anemia, neural tube defects in fetuses during pregnancy, and increased homocysteine levels, which may contribute to cardiovascular disease.
8. Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency can cause pernicious anemia, characterized by fatigue, weakness, neurological symptoms, and, if left untreated, irreversible nerve damage.

Deficiencies in these vitamins can arise from inadequate dietary intake, malabsorption syndromes, or certain medications that interfere with absorption or metabolism. It is essential to maintain a balanced diet and consider supplementation if necessary under the guidance of a healthcare professional.

Carboxy-lyases are a class of enzymes that catalyze the removal of a carboxyl group from a substrate, often releasing carbon dioxide in the process. These enzymes play important roles in various metabolic pathways, such as the biosynthesis and degradation of amino acids, sugars, and other organic compounds.

Carboxy-lyases are classified under EC number 4.2 in the Enzyme Commission (EC) system. They can be further divided into several subclasses based on their specific mechanisms and substrates. For example, some carboxy-lyases require a cofactor such as biotin or thiamine pyrophosphate to facilitate the decarboxylation reaction, while others do not.

Examples of carboxy-lyases include:

1. Pyruvate decarboxylase: This enzyme catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to acetaldehyde and carbon dioxide during fermentation in yeast and other organisms.
2. Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO): This enzyme is essential for photosynthesis in plants and some bacteria, as it catalyzes the fixation of carbon dioxide into an organic molecule during the Calvin cycle.
3. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase: Found in plants, algae, and some bacteria, this enzyme plays a role in anaplerotic reactions that replenish intermediates in the citric acid cycle. It catalyzes the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to oxaloacetate and inorganic phosphate.
4. Aspartate transcarbamylase: This enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of pyrimidines, a class of nucleotides. It catalyzes the transfer of a carboxyl group from carbamoyl aspartate to carbamoyl phosphate, forming cytidine triphosphate (CTP) and fumarate.
5. Urocanase: Found in animals, this enzyme is involved in histidine catabolism. It catalyzes the conversion of urocanate to formiminoglutamate and ammonia.

Ligases are a group of enzymes that catalyze the formation of a covalent bond between two molecules, usually involving the joining of two nucleotides in a DNA or RNA strand. They play a crucial role in various biological processes such as DNA replication, repair, and recombination. In DNA ligases, the enzyme seals nicks or breaks in the phosphodiester backbone of the DNA molecule by catalyzing the formation of an ester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group and the 5'-phosphate group of adjacent nucleotides. This process is essential for maintaining genomic integrity and stability.

'Escherichia coli' (E. coli) is a type of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium that commonly inhabits the intestinal tract of humans and warm-blooded animals. It is a member of the family Enterobacteriaceae and one of the most well-studied prokaryotic model organisms in molecular biology.

While most E. coli strains are harmless and even beneficial to their hosts, some serotypes can cause various forms of gastrointestinal and extraintestinal illnesses in humans and animals. These pathogenic strains possess virulence factors that enable them to colonize and damage host tissues, leading to diseases such as diarrhea, urinary tract infections, pneumonia, and sepsis.

E. coli is a versatile organism with remarkable genetic diversity, which allows it to adapt to various environmental niches. It can be found in water, soil, food, and various man-made environments, making it an essential indicator of fecal contamination and a common cause of foodborne illnesses. The study of E. coli has contributed significantly to our understanding of fundamental biological processes, including DNA replication, gene regulation, and protein synthesis.

Pantothenic Acid, also known as Vitamin B5, is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a vital role in the metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. It is essential for the synthesis of coenzyme A (CoA), which is involved in various biochemical reactions in the body, including energy production, fatty acid synthesis, and cholesterol metabolism.

Pantothenic Acid is widely distributed in foods, including meat, poultry, fish, whole grains, legumes, and vegetables. Deficiency of this vitamin is rare but can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, irritability, sleep disturbances, muscle cramps, and gastrointestinal problems.

In addition to its role in metabolism, Pantothenic Acid also has potential benefits for wound healing, reducing inflammation, and supporting the immune system.

Holocarboxylase Synthetase Deficiency (HCD) is a rare genetic disorder of biotin metabolism, characterized by the body's inability to properly utilize the vitamin biotin. Biotin plays a crucial role in various essential functions, such as the breakdown of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates, as well as the regulation of gene expression.

Holocarboxylase synthetase is an enzyme responsible for attaching biotin to four different carboxylases, which are necessary for these vital processes. In Holocarboxylase Synthetase Deficiency, this enzyme is either partially or completely nonfunctional due to mutations in the HLCS gene.

The symptoms of HCD can vary widely but often include:

1. Feeding difficulties and poor growth in infancy
2. Severe metabolic acidosis
3. Ketoacidosis
4. Delayed development
5. Hypotonia (low muscle tone)
6. Skin rashes
7. Hair loss
8. Neurological symptoms, such as seizures and ataxia (loss of coordination and balance)

If left untreated, Holocarboxylase Synthetase Deficiency can lead to severe complications, including developmental delays, neurological damage, and even death. However, with early diagnosis and proper treatment involving biotin supplementation, many of these symptoms can be managed, and the progression of the disorder can be slowed or stopped.

Find symptoms and other information about Biotin-thiamine-responsive basal ganglia disease. ... Biotin-thiamine-responsive basal ganglia disease. Other Names: BBGD; BTBGD; Biotin-responsive basal ganglia diseaseBBGD; BTBGD ... Biotin-thiamine-responsive basal ganglia disease is a rare condition that affects the brain and other parts of the nervous ... Biotin-thiamine-responsive basal ganglia disease is caused by changes in the SLC19A3 gene and is inherited in an autosomal ...

https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/10237/biotin-thiamine-responsive-basal-ganglia-disease

Consumption of biotin as part of a normal diet results in urinary excretion of biotin and biotin metabolites. Biotin in food is ... The biotin AIs for both males and females are: 5 μg/day of biotin for 0-to-6-month-olds, 6 μg/day of biotin for 7-to-12-month- ... Primary biotin deficiency, meaning deficiency as a consequence of too little biotin in the diet, is rare, because biotin is ... olds, 8 μg/day of biotin for 1-to-3-year-olds, 12 μg/day of biotin for 4-to-8-year-olds, 20 μg/day of biotin for 9-to-13-year- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotin

Biotin deficiency can cause thinning of hair and rash around the eyes, nose, and mouth. ... Biotin is a vitamin found in foods like eggs, milk, and bananas. ... Biotin deficiency. Taking biotin by mouth or by a shot can ... Smoking: People who smoke might have low biotin levels and may need a biotin supplement.. Laboratory tests: Taking biotin ... Biotin deficiency can cause thinning of the hair and a rash on the face.. Biotin is an important part of enzymes in the body ...

https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/natural/313.html

... is a biotins (CHEBI:51570) biotin sulfoxide (CHEBI:62193) is a sulfoxide (CHEBI:22063) biotin ... biotin sulfone (CHEBI:74092) has functional parent biotin sulfoxide (CHEBI:62193). biotinate sulfoxide(1−) (CHEBI:62046) is ... CHEBI:62193 - biotin sulfoxide. Main. ChEBI Ontology. Automatic Xrefs. Reactions. Pathways. Models. ... biotin sulfoxide (CHEBI:62193) has role metabolite (CHEBI:25212) ...

https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:62193

This article discusses biotin deficiency caused by deficiency of the enzyme biotinidase (see also Biotinidase Deficiency). ... Biotin deficiency is a rare nutritional disorder caused by a deficiency of the water-soluble B vitamin termed biotin. ... Biotin dependency due to a defect in biotin transport. J Clin Invest. 2002 Jun. 109 (12):1617-23. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. ... Biotin is also available in supplements containing combinations of other B vitamins or multivitamins. The dosage of biotin in ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/984803-medication

The use of biotin supplements may impact the results of immunoassays used to evaluate endocrine function. Find out what there ... an anti-biotin/biotin reaction, or a prebound avidin/streptavidin or biotin/anti-biotin reagent in the analysis.. bThe ... Biotin dose. Magnitude of change in TSH on biotin. Magnitude of change in FT4 on biotin. Magnitude of change in T3 (free or ... Vulnerable to biotin interference. Biotin interference threshold (range, nmol/L). Total. Vulnerable to biotin interference. ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/887088

... biotin. Biotin was transported across the blood-brain barrier by a saturable system with a one-half saturation co … ... The unidirectional influx of biotin across cerebral capillaries, the anatomical locus of the blood-brain barrier, was measured ... The isolated rabbit choroid plexus was unable to concentrate [3H]biotin from medium containing 1 nM [3H]biotin. These ... Probenecid, pantothenic acid, and nonanoic acid but not biocytin or biotin methylester (all 250 microM) inhibited biotin ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3098919/

Biotin is a B vitamin that supports various aspects of your health. Here are the top 10 biotin-rich foods. ... Biotin supplements are available as well, but most people can get all of the biotin they need by eating a balanced diet. ... Biotin is an essential water-soluble vitamin that your body cannot produce on its own. This article reviews whether biotin ... The yolk is an especially rich source of biotin (. 5. ). A whole, cooked egg (50 grams) provides approximately 10 mcg of biotin ...

https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/biotin-rich-foods?utm_source=ReadNext

... long-chain biotin NHS ester) to an antibody. ... Protocol describing the conjugation of Biotin to an antibody.. ... Make LCB-NHS (long-chain biotin NHS ester) solution with DMSO (6 mg/ml, 6.5 mM). ... Protocol describing conjugation of biotin (LCB-NHS, ...

https://www.abcam.com/index.html?pageconfig=resource&rid=11596

View change - Linked to the new edition of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and updated the associated text. ...

https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Biotin-Consumer/5106/history?l=en

Biotin-dependent carboxylases catalyze... , Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate ... Biotin is a water-soluble vitamin that serves as an essential coenzyme for five carboxylases in mammals. ... A biotin status indicator that is not dependent on renal function may be useful in studies of biotin status during pregnancy. A ... The application of biotin pulse chase followed by (i) generation of mitotic spreads, (ii) detection of the biotin label and ( ...

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/26786719_Biotin_and_biotinidase_deficiency

Collagen Volume Shampoo 385 Ml Nutrient-rich provitamin B7 biotin + For all hair types Leave your hair thicker, fuller ... Ogx Biotin & Collagen Volume Shampoo 385 MlNutrient-rich provitamin B7 biotin +For all hair typesLeave your hair thicker, ... OGX Thick & Full+ Biotin & Collagen is a volumising blend, helping to thicken and texturize fine hair. Help infuse nutrients ... Aqua/Water/Eau, Sodium C14-16 Olefin Sulfonate, Cocamidopropyl Betaine, Sodium Chloride, Glycol Distearate, Citric Acid, Biotin ...

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Redkens Extreme Length Leave-In Treatment with biotin and Redken Length Care Complex strengthens damaged hair helping it grow ... Who is the Extreme Length Leave-In Treatment with Biotin best for? Redken Extreme Length Leave-In Treatment with Biotin is best ... Redkens Extreme Length Leave-In Treatment with Biotin features Biotin, Soy Protein, and Length Care Complex to help prevent ... How do I use the Extreme Length Leave-In Treatment with Biotin? Apply to clean, damp, towel-dried hair. Leave-in. Style as ...

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... conjugated to Biotin. Validated in IHC and tested in Human. ... Biotin Rabbit monoclonal [EPR3094] to CD31. *Suitable for: IHC- ... Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Biotin Anti-CD31 antibody [EPR3094] (ab199734) ... before blocking of endogenous biotin using ab64212. The section was then incubated with ab199734, 1/50 dilution, for 15 mins at ...

https://www.abcam.com/products/primary-antibodies/biotin-cd31-antibody-epr3094-ab199734.html

We conclude that biotin proximity tagging favours sites of local disorder in proteins and suggest the possibility of using ... We show that in a biotin painting time course experiment, biotinylation events in Escherichia coli ribosomes progress from ... Indeed, we observed increased biotinylation density in predicted IDRs in several cellular compartments >20,000 biotin sites ... biotin painting as a method to gain unique insights into in vivo condition-dependent subcellular plasticity of proteins. David- ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-020-0758-y?error=cookies_not_supported&code=98bd0bbb-2b10-4ef1-8345-fa785d5f2e1a

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Streptavidin Mutant Y43F with Biotin at 1.81A Resolution ... BIOTIN. C10 H16 N2 O3 S. YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N. Ligand ... In none of the mutants is a systematic shift of biotin observed when one of the hydrogen-bonding partners to the ureido oxygen ... The specific energetic contributions of hydrogen bonds to the biotin ureido oxygen have previously been investigated by mapping ... The specific energetic contributions of hydrogen bonds to the biotin ureido oxygen have previously been investigated by mapping ...

https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1NDJ

RAPHE PHARMACEUTIQUE PRO VITAMIN B5 BIOTIN- pyrithione zinc liquid. To receive this label RSS feed. Copy the URL below and ... RAPHE PHARMACEUTIQUE PRO VITAMIN B5 BIOTIN- pyrithione zinc liquid. If this SPL contains inactivated NDCs listed by the FDA ... RAPHE PHARMACEUTIQUE PRO VITAMIN B5 BIOTIN- pyrithione zinc liquid. Number of versions: 1. ... Purified Water, Propylene Glycol, Vitamin B5, Minoxidil, Green Tea, Biotin, Saw Palmetto, Finasteride. ...

https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=a1f377c1-630d-47e3-a544-8ebda4715bdf

Biotin (vitamin B7) is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a vital part in healthy metabolism and helps create important enzymes ... Natural Factors, Extra Strength Biotin, 10,000 mcg, 60 Vegetarian Capsules By. Natural Factors. ... Biotin is often used to support the health of skin, hair, and nails. ...

https://www.iherb.com/pr/natural-factors-extra-strength-biotin-10-000-mcg-60-vegetarian-capsules/77679

Biotin-thiamine-responsive basal ganglia disease is a disorder that affects the nervous system, including a group of structures ... Others propose that biotin transporter proteins may interact with thiamine transporters in such a way that biotin levels ... It is unclear how biotin is related to this disorder. Some researchers suggest that the excess biotin given along with thiamine ... Biotin-responsive basal ganglia disease should be renamed biotin-thiamine-responsive basal ganglia disease: a retrospective ...

https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/biotin-thiamine-responsive-basal-ganglia-disease

Biotin helps the body to convert food into energy. Biotin also helps to keep the skin and hair healthy. Some people take biotin ... Biotin helps the body to convert food into energy. Biotin also helps to keep the skin and hair healthy. Some people take biotin ... Sôlumeve Biotin Gummies make it easy to get more biotin through your diet--biotin being a key nutrient for aiding hair, skin, ... Swanson Biotin Gummies are a delicious way to look great from the inside out! A member of the B-complex family, biotin is a ...

https://www.discovermagazine.com/lifestyle/24-best-biotin-gummies-for-hair-growth-in-2022

Biotin-SP (long spacer). Biotin-SP is our trade name for biotin with a 6-atom spacer positioned between biotin and the protein ... When Biotin-SP-conjugated antibodies are used in enzyme immunoassays, there is an increase in sensitivity compared to biotin- ... Conjugate: Biotin-SP (long spacer). Product Category: ChromPure™ Purified Proteins from Normal Serums. RRID: AB_2337060 ... Biotin-SP (long spacer) ChromPure Human IgG, whole molecule. Conjugate Options *40 nm Colloidal Gold ...

https://www.jacksonimmuno.com/catalog/products/009-060-003/Human-IgG-HL-Biotin-SP-long-spacer

Biotin is essential for normal skin and hair growth, lipid metabolism, and energy production (ATP).* Learn more about Jarrow ... d-Biotin Reference Guide d-Biotin. Supports Energy Production; Supports Skin & Hair Health* d-Biotin is a water-soluble B ... Biotin is recycled endogenously. Safety, Adverse Reactions and Interactions. Biotin is well tolerated. Biotin in an amount of ... Biotin for Hair & Nails. Some of the more overt signs of biotin deficiency are hair and skin quality around the eyes, nose and ...

https://jarrow.com/blogs/health-guides/d-biotin-reference-guide

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Colorimetric Biotin Assay Kit sufficient for 200 colorimetric assays; EC Number: 200-399-3; find Sigma-Aldrich-MAK171 MSDS, ... Suitable for estimating the molar ratio of biotin to protein in biotin-protein conjugates or for quantitating biotin ... This Colorimetric Biotin Quantitation Kit provides a convenient method for estimating the molar ratio of biotin to protein in ... Biotin easily displaces HABA from the HABA/Avidin complex, resulting in a decrease of absorption at 500 nm. ...

https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/PL/en/product/sigma/mak171

Biotin Biotin is a ubiquitous co-factor (also known as Vitamin B7) that has many properties that make it extremely useful for ... The antibody was conjugated with biotin under optimum conditions, and unreacted biotin was removed. ... Biotin Rat IgG2b, κ Isotype Control RUO Size 0.25 mg Cat No. 553987 ... Biotin has an extremely high affinity for the Avidin family of proteins (Kd = 10-15 M), making it the perfect tool to link two ...

https://www.bdbiosciences.com/en-dk/products/reagents/flow-cytometry-reagents/research-reagents/single-color-antibodies-ruo/biotin-rat-anti-cd11b.553309

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https://www.anaspec.com/en/catalog/c112~biotins-and-streptavidin-derivatives?catalog_product.ProductAttribute.209=34305

According to the Global Fortification Data Exchange, biotin deficiency is so rare that no countries require that foods be fortified. (wikipedia.org)
Signs of biotin deficiency include skin rashes, hair loss, and brittle nails. (medlineplus.gov)
According to the Linus Pauling Institute , biotin deficiency is rare. (healthline.com)
Deficiency of biotin, a water-soluble B vitamin, may occur from nutritional causes, but more commonly results from deficiencies of enzymes involved in biotin homeostasis (e.g. biotinidase deficiency ). (medscape.com)
Marginal biotin deficiency has been demonstrated in pregnancy and lactation, but the clinical significance is uncertain. (medscape.com)
Chronic alcoholics and those on long-term anticonvulsants could develop biotin deficiency because of impaired intestinal uptake of the vitamin. (medscape.com)
Avidin, a protein found in egg whites, binds strongly to biotin, impairing the absorption of the vitamin, leading to severe biotin deficiency in those who consume excessive amounts of raw eggs. (medscape.com)
Patients affected by certain genetic defects affecting biotin metabolism present with a clinical picture of biotin deficiency. (medscape.com)
The clinical presentation of biotin deficiency involves abnormalities of the hair, skin, nails and the central nervous system. (medscape.com)
A biotin deficiency isn't as common as other deficiencies. (healthline.com)
Still, a biotin deficiency can occur. (healthline.com)
The symptoms of biotin deficiency can be confused for many other disorders or issues. (healthline.com)
They can use these numbers to either confirm or rule out a biotin deficiency. (healthline.com)
A biotin deficiency is quite rare. (healthline.com)
There are some other genetic disorders that may also result in biotin deficiency, including holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency, biotin transport deficiency, and phenylketonuria . (healthline.com)
Holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency and biotin transport deficiency are both extremely rare. (healthline.com)
How is biotin deficiency treated and prevented? (healthline.com)
Treatment for a biotin deficiency typically fits into two main categories. (healthline.com)
Our lab is pursuing the possibility that biotin deficiency could be a cause of birth defects in humans. (nutraingredients.com)
Previous research has shown that lab animals with a deficiency in biotin maintain normal health, but are more prone to having babies with birth defects such as cleft palate. (nutraingredients.com)
The relationship between a maternal deficiency in biotin and the negative effects on the foetus, however, remain unexplained. (nutraingredients.com)
Dr Mock and his researchers noted however, that previous studies provide evidence that many pregnant women eating a normal diet show increased urinary excretion of the organic acid 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid (3-HIA), which may be a marker for biotin deficiency. (nutraingredients.com)
It is not proof that biotin deficiency causes birth defects. (nutraingredients.com)
The researchers plan to carry out further studies to determine if babies born with cleft palate have signs of biotin deficiency in their cord blood, or even conduct a large, randomized controlled trial to see whether widespread biotin supplementation would reduce the numbers of babies born with cleft palate. (nutraingredients.com)
Biotin may improve the quality of weak and brittle fingernails and may help slow hair loss if you have biotin deficiency. (readersdigest.ca)
Biotin helps keep hair healthy, but-except in rare cases of biotin deficiency-it can't prevent baldness , as some claim. (readersdigest.ca)
Biotin supplements are used to prevent or treat biotin deficiency. (mayoclinic.org)
Biotin deficiency may result in urinary excretion of organic acids and changes in skin and hair. (medscape.com)
Development and characterization of a mouse with profound biotinidase deficiency: a biotin-responsive neurocutaneous disorder. (medscape.com)
Effects of biotin deficiency on pancreatic islet morphology, insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis. (medscape.com)
Consumption of a low-carbohydrate and high-fat diet (the ketogenic diet) exaggerates biotin deficiency in mice. (medscape.com)
Biotin and carnitine deficiency due to hypoallergenic formula nutrition in infants with milk allergy. (medscape.com)
Joshi SN, Fathalla M, Koul R, Maney MA, Bayoumi R. Biotin responsive seizures and encephalopathy due to biotinidase deficiency. (medscape.com)
Isolated deficiency of biotin or pantothenic acid virtually never occurs. (msdmanuals.com)
A specific protein in egg albumin that interacts with BIOTIN to render it unavailable to mammals, thereby producing biotin deficiency. (bvsalud.org)

Eating a varied diet can usually provide enough biotin for most people's needs. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Few people eating a healthy, well-balanced diet will struggle to have enough biotin. (healthline.com)
Our bodies' intestinal bacteria, by and large, produce enough biotin for us to survive. (nutralegacy.com)
Most people will get enough biotin and pantothenic acid from a daily multivitamin or a B-complex supplement. (readersdigest.ca)

Apparently, the long spacer extends the biotin moiety away from the antibody surface, making it more accessible to binding sites on streptavidin. (jacksonimmuno.com)
The antibody was conjugated with biotin under optimum conditions, and unreacted biotin was removed. (bdbiosciences.com)
The following product was used in this experiment: Vimentin Monoclonal Antibody (V9), Biotin from Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog # MA5-11880, RRID AB_10979340. (thermofisher.com)
TNFSF14 Antibody, Biotin conjugated is Available at Gentaur Genprice with the fastest delivery. (joplink.net)

Biotin is available in dietary supplements, individually or as an ingredient in multivitamins. (wikipedia.org)
Keep reading to learn whether biotin supplements have an adverse effect on birth control when used at the same time. (healthline.com)
It is important to be aware that intake of biotin supplements may lead to interference with certain laboratory tests leading to false positive or false negative results. (medscape.com)
A lack of biotin can lead to problems with the nervous system, skin, hair, and nails, according to the Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS). (medicalnewstoday.com)
Some users also report that taking biotin supplements helps to promote thicker and fuller hair growth. (discovermagazine.com)
Biotin supplements can be suggested as a natural or alternative means of regenerating hair for both adults and children. (nutralegacy.com)
Half of the women were given supplements of 300 micrograms of biotin daily for 2 weeks, while the other half were given placebo, or dummy, medicines. (nutraingredients.com)
The team found that all the women provided with biotin supplements showed a drop in their 3-HIA excretion to normal levels, while the women given placebo medicines continued to excrete high levels of 3-HIA. (nutraingredients.com)
Biotin supplements can have potential side effects and it is recommended to consult a doctor before taking them. (bacchusgamma.org)
Consult a doctor before taking biotin supplements due to their potential side effects. (bacchusgamma.org)
Some individuals may experience common side effects when taking biotin supplements, including stomach upset, acne outbreaks, and insomnia. (bacchusgamma.org)
If you notice an increase in acne while taking biotin supplements, it is recommended to speak with a dermatologist for guidance on managing this side effect. (bacchusgamma.org)
While these side effects are relatively rare, it is important to be aware of the potential risks associated with taking biotin supplements. (bacchusgamma.org)
It is important to be aware of these potential interactions and side effects to ensure safe use of biotin supplements. (bacchusgamma.org)
1. What Are Biotin Supplements? (readersdigest.ca)
2. What Do Biotin Supplements Do? (readersdigest.ca)
Six months of taking biotin supplements improved brittle nails in two-thirds of the study's participants. (readersdigest.ca)
3. What Are the Other Benefits of Biotin Supplements? (readersdigest.ca)
4. Why Are Biotin Supplements Beneficial for Those Who Eat Processed Foods? (readersdigest.ca)
5. How Do I Take Biotin Supplements? (readersdigest.ca)
Multivitamins and B-complex vitamins usually include biotin (also called vitamin H) and pantothenic acid (also called vitamin B5), and both are also available as individual supplements. (readersdigest.ca)
Claims that biotin supplements are effective in the treatment of acne, eczema (a type of skin disorder), or hair loss have not been proven. (mayoclinic.org)
Biotin supplements are available without a prescription. (mayoclinic.org)
Biotin is critical for the daily utilization of fats, carbs, and amino acids (ahem, like those found in collagen supplements) for energy (ATP). (mindbodygreen.com)

The biochemical basis for egg-white injury syndrome was quickly elucidated when raw egg whites were found to contain the glycoprotein avidin, which has a remarkable affinity for biotin. (medscape.com)
as a result, biotin is not liberated from food, and the biotin-avidin complex is lost in the feces. (medscape.com)
The final step in solving the mystery of egg-white injury syndrome was the demonstration that the syndrome could be prevented by heating the egg whites, a process that denatures avidin and destroys its affinity for biotin. (medscape.com)
The ureido ring is involved in the high affinity binding of biotin to avidin, a glycoprotein found in egg-white. (medscape.com)
Raw egg white contains a protein called dietary avidin, which binds to biotin and makes it harder for the body to absorb it. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Cooking separates the biotin from the avidin, helping the digestive tract to absorb the vitamin . (medicalnewstoday.com)
Biotin thus makes the target easy to capture because it forms a strong, stable, and specific non-covalent bond with avidin, streptavidin, or NeutrAvidin proteins. (aacc.org)
Splenocytes from SJL (left panel) and C57BL/6 (right panel) mice were stained with Biotin Mouse anti-Mouse CD45.2, followed by Avidin FITC (Cat. (bdbiosciences.com)
Biotin has an extremely high affinity for the Avidin family of proteins (Kd = 10-15 M), making it the perfect tool to link two molecules. (bdbiosciences.com)
Targeted labeling of cancer cells using biotin tagged avidin functionalized biocompatible fluorescent nanocrystals. (bvsalud.org)
The present study details the development of biotin tagged avidin functionalized Zinc Sulphide [ZnS] nanocrystals through a simple aqueous chemistry route at room temperature for targeted imaging applications. (bvsalud.org)
Further biotinylation of these particles through the strong non-covalent interaction between biotin and avidin enabled highly specific labeling of the biotin receptors on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells . (bvsalud.org)

The interaction of streptavidin and biotin has been utilized for the development of robust and highly sensitive immunoassays by many manufacturers. (aacc.org)
We offer streptavidin and biotin derivatives. (anaspec.com)

Supplementation with biotin leads to clinical improvement in most cases. (medscape.com)
While biotin deficiencies are relatively rare, supplementation can be beneficial for those looking to optimize their beauty regimen or address specific concerns related to hair, skin and nail health. (healco.com)
While biotin is known for its benefits in promoting healthy hair, skin, and nails, it is important to be aware of the potential risks and drawbacks associated with its supplementation. (bacchusgamma.org)
Biotin supplementation can sometimes lead to skin-related issues such as rashes. (bacchusgamma.org)
Individuals with kidney problems should exercise caution when considering biotin supplementation. (bacchusgamma.org)
Stomach upset is one of the most commonly reported side effects of biotin supplementation. (bacchusgamma.org)
Insomnia or difficulty sleeping may also occur as a side effect of biotin supplementation. (bacchusgamma.org)
Biotin supplementation may occasionally lead to skin-related side effects, such as the development of a skin rash. (bacchusgamma.org)
If you notice any of these symptoms after starting biotin supplementation, it is crucial to discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional for further evaluation. (bacchusgamma.org)
To minimize the risk of developing skin-related side effects from biotin supplementation, it is advisable to start with a low dosage and gradually increase it, if necessary. (bacchusgamma.org)
By being cautious and attentive to your body's response, you can minimize the risk of experiencing skin-related side effects from biotin supplementation. (bacchusgamma.org)
It is crucial to inform healthcare professionals about biotin supplementation to prevent any negative interactions. (bacchusgamma.org)
Excessive thirst is another potential side effect of biotin supplementation. (bacchusgamma.org)
If biotin interference is suspected, we propose either using a different assay not based on the streptavidin-biotin system or repeating the analyses after stopping biotin supplementation for one week. (medscape.com)

Biotin (also known as vitamin B7 or vitamin H) is one of the B vitamins. (wikipedia.org)
Pantothenic acid (B5) and biotin (B7) are types of B vitamins. (medlineplus.gov)
Biotin or B7, one of the B vitamins, is an essential nutrient that plays key roles in the metabolism of glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids. (medscape.com)
Biotin is one of the B complex vitamins. (healthline.com)
As part of the B-Family of vitamins, Biotin helps support energy metabolism and aids in the conversion of food into cellular energy. (naturesbounty.com)
With our delicious biotin vitamins, we believe that we have accomplished something great. (discovermagazine.com)
Although it's renowned for its role in the development of healthy hair and nails, the health benefits of biotin-an important part of the B complex group of vitamins-extend beyond beauty. (readersdigest.ca)
This daily supplement combines a unique vegan omega 3, 6, and 9 fatty acid complex, biotin, and essential vitamins and minerals to support a healthy hair growth cycle and minimize hair loss. (dermstore.com)
Overview of Vitamins Vitamins may be Fat soluble (vitamins A, D, E, and K) Water soluble (B vitamins and vitamin C) The B vitamins include biotin, folate, niacin, pantothenic acid, riboflavin (B2), thiamin (B1). (msdmanuals.com)

Biotin is a coenzyme for five carboxylase enzymes, which are involved in the catabolism of amino acids and fatty acids, synthesis of fatty acids, and gluconeogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
Biotin functions as a coenzyme in carboxylation reactions involving lipid, glucose and amino acid metabolism. (medscape.com)
Biotin is also sometimes called B-7, vitamin H, or coenzyme R. (healthline.com)
Biotin, is an essential coenzyme involved in carbon dioxide transfer in carboxylase reactions. (aacc.org)
Biotin is an essential coenzyme in fat metabolism and in other carboxylation reactions. (medscape.com)
Biotin functions as a coenzyme or prosthetic group in all 4 of the body's carboxylases. (medscape.com)
Biotin acts as a coenzyme for carboxylation reactions essential to fat and carbohydrate metabolism. (msdmanuals.com)

The recommended daily amount of biotin for men and women ages 19 and older is 30 micrograms daily. (healthline.com)
However, children afflicted with this disorder have often increased the amount of biotin in their diet with some success. (nutralegacy.com)
The daily amount of biotin needed is defined in several different ways. (mayoclinic.org)

The large intestine microbiota synthesize amounts of biotin estimated to be similar to the amount taken in the diet, and a significant portion of this biotin exists in the free (protein-unbound) form and, thus, is available for absorption. (wikipedia.org)
Biotin is also necessary to produce keratin, a protein that promotes strong nails and hair. (healthline.com)
Streptavidin is a protein that binds tightly to biotin, and it is used extensively in molecular biology and bionanotechnology. (fishersci.com)
Biotin also supports energy production in the body, and is required for protein, carbohydrate and fat metabolism. (vitacost.com)
Natrol® Cinnamon, Chromium & Biotin provides a powerful, triple action formula of Cinnamon, Biotin & Chromax® (Chromium Picolinate) to support sugar, protein and fat metabolism and help maintain healthy blood sugar levels already within the normal range. (natrol.com)
Biotin-SP is our trade name for biotin with a 6-atom spacer positioned between biotin and the protein to which it is conjugated. (jacksonimmuno.com)
Biotin promotes healthy hair and nails and helps the body use carbohydrates, fats and protein. (readersdigest.ca)
Both biotin and pantothenic acid are involved in the breakdown of carbohydrates, fats and protein from foods and in the production of enzymes. (readersdigest.ca)
Just one Ultra Mega Biotin softgel provides 10,000 mcg of Biotin, also known to assist in protein and fat metabolism for cellular energy use. (puritan.com)
The extended PEG3 linker preserves biotin/streptavidin affinity and maintains protein solubility after modification while the maleimide functional group (d), efficiently modifies thiols in aqueous buffers. (vectorlabs.com)
Various biotin-to-protein mole equivalents (5X, 10X and 20X) were used. (vectorlabs.com)

If you are looking to improve your health, taking a biotin supplement is a great way to do it. (discovermagazine.com)
Here's why you might consider taking a biotin supplement. (readersdigest.ca)

Digestive enzymes reduce the proteins to biotin-bound peptides. (wikipedia.org)
Similarly to other vitamin Bs, biotin helps your body process enzymes and transport nutrients throughout the system. (discovermagazine.com)
We offer streptavidin and Mouse Anti-Biotin conjugated to fluorophores and enzymes. (jacksonimmuno.com)
Biotin (Vitamin H) and pantothenic acid (Vitamin B5) work together at the most basic level to produce enzymes that trigger many bodily functions. (readersdigest.ca)
In these enzymes, biotin serves as a carrier for CO 2 . (medscape.com)

Pantothenic acid and biotin are needed for growth. (medlineplus.gov)
Recommendations for pantothenic acid and biotin, as well as other nutrients, are provided in the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) developed by the Food and Nutrition Board at the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (medlineplus.gov)
Taking alpha-lipoic acid or vitamin B-5 (pantothenic acid) with biotin can affect absorption. (healthline.com)
It's surprising that biotin and pantothenic acid-two members of the vitamin B family-don't get more attention. (readersdigest.ca)

Through this carboxyl group, biotin is linked covalently to the β-amino group of lysine in 5 carboxylases that play critical roles in intermediary metabolism. (medscape.com)
In addition to its direct benefits to hair, skin, and nails, biotin also supports overall cellular metabolism, aiding in the efficient utilization of nutrients that are vital for maintaining healthy body tissues. (healco.com)
While the exact mechanism is unclear, it is believed to be related to the influence of biotin on brain function and metabolism. (bacchusgamma.org)
Biotin supports the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fats, and how they are made available to the body for work, rest and play. (puritan.com)
These data suggest that biotin may influence glucose metabolism also by acting directly at the level of beta-cells. (nih.gov)
Biotinidase knockout mice show cellular energy deficit and altered carbon metabolism gene expression similar to that of nutritional biotin deprivation: clues for the pathogenesis in the human inherited disorder. (medscape.com)

Many people take biotin to improve the condition of their hair and nails, but little evidence supports this use, in most cases. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Biotin is renowned for its benefits to hair, skin and nails. (healco.com)
Biotin strengthens brittle nails and promotes their growth by improving the keratin infrastructure. (healco.com)
With regular use, biotin contributes to the development of healthier, stronger nails. (healco.com)
Biotin also helps to support healthy hair, skin and nails. (naturesbounty.com)
Biotin is good for hair, skin, and nails. (discovermagazine.com)
Biotin, or vitamin H, is taken to maintain the health of hair, skin and nails. (discovermagazine.com)
This supplement contains biotin, a vitamin that helps to maintain the health of hair, skin, and nails. (discovermagazine.com)
Did you know that by simply consuming these delectable Biotin gummies, you can improve not only your hair health, but also your skin and nails? (discovermagazine.com)
Restore the health of your hair, radiance of your skin and strength of your nails with Natrol Biotin, an important B Vitamin that has long been known as a key element in maintaining healthy hair, skin and nails. (natrol.com)
Biotin plays a special role in helping the body use glucose, its basic fuel and it promotes healthy nails and hair . (readersdigest.ca)
According to a study from Switzerland, biotin can increase the thickness of nails by an average of 25 per cent. (readersdigest.ca)
Biotin is known for supporting hair, skin and nails. (naturesplus.com)

A 3-ounce serving of cooked beef liver contains about 31 micrograms (mcg) of biotin. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The figures for biotin are 30 micrograms a day for men and 25 for women, increasing to 30 micrograms during pregnancy and 35 micrograms when breastfeeding. (readersdigest.ca)

One brand that we can all use successfully has been Jason Naturals Biotin Shampoo. (viewpoints.com)

Consumption of large amounts as a dietary supplement results in absorption, followed by excretion into urine as biotin. (wikipedia.org)
When consumed as a biotin dietary supplement, absorption is nonsaturable, meaning that even very high amounts are absorbed effectively. (wikipedia.org)
Biotin can be taken as a supplement or found in certain foods. (healthline.com)
Biotin 800Z is a palatable, extra-strength hoof supplement for horses. (smartpakequine.com)
Yes, biotin gummies are a popular supplement for promoting hair growth. (discovermagazine.com)
Biotin is one of the main ingredients in this supplement, and it plays an important role in maintaining skin health and nail strength too. (discovermagazine.com)
Additionally, always choose a reputable brand of biotin supplement and carefully read and follow the instructions on the packaging. (bacchusgamma.org)
Choose a reputable brand of biotin supplement. (bacchusgamma.org)
Production of the product will be reissued into circulation with an updated dietary supplement label stating the presence of fish in the fish collagen product of Bloommy Biotin Collagen Keratin Capsules for Skin, Joint, and Hair. (fda.gov)
So make sure you chose only the best biotin supplement, Biotin 10,000 MCG from NaturesPlus. (naturesplus.com)
Well, certain actives tend to be common supplement duos, as is the case with collagen and biotin. (mindbodygreen.com)
What are the benefits of a biotin supplement? (mindbodygreen.com)

Lack of biotin may lead to muscle pain, dermatitis, or glossitis (swelling of the tongue). (medlineplus.gov)
A lack of biotin is rare. (mayoclinic.org)
Because lack of biotin is rare, there is no RDA or RNI for it. (mayoclinic.org)

Another common side effect of biotin intake is acne outbreaks. (bacchusgamma.org)
The aim of the present paper was to investigate the effect of biotin on pancreatic GK. (nih.gov)

Egg yolk is a good source of biotin. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Avocado- Avocados are a rich source of biotin for your hair that can promote healthy hair growth. (stbotanica.com)

Biotin is a water-soluble B vitamin. (wikipedia.org)
Biotin is an essential water-soluble B vitamin-vitamin B7, specifically. (mindbodygreen.com)

Biotin in food is bound to proteins. (wikipedia.org)
ChromaLINK Biotin Maleimide incorporates UV-traceable biotin onto thiol containing proteins, peptides and/or antibodies. (vectorlabs.com)
Labeling of proteins with ChromaLINK Biotin eliminates the need to carry out cumbersome and time-consuming HABA assays often employed to quantify biotin incorporation. (vectorlabs.com)

For biotin, however, there is no upper limit because adverse effects of high biotin intake have not been determined. (wikipedia.org)
For biotin labeling purposes 100% of the daily value was 300 μg/day, but as of May 27, 2016, it was revised to 30 μg/day to bring it into an agreement with the adequate intake. (wikipedia.org)
The dietary biotin intake in Western populations has been estimated to be in the range of 35 to 70 μg/day. (wikipedia.org)
Including liver in the diet can boost a person's biotin intake. (medicalnewstoday.com)
To maximize the intake of biotin and for safety reasons, always cook eggs before eating them. (medicalnewstoday.com)
In Western populations, dietary biotin intake is estimated to be 35 to 70 μg daily, a level in line with the recommended dietary allowance. (aacc.org)
The relationship between biotin intake and blood biotin concentration is an important consideration. (aacc.org)
This case should encourage physicians to ask their patients about possible biotin intake, especially when laboratory results are not compatible with clinical findings. (medscape.com)

This explains why biotin deficiencies are fairly infrequent and why biotin is often found in most foods at low concentrations. (nutralegacy.com)

The risk of patient misclassification due to biotin interference can vary considerably between assays, and is dependent on the biotin and analyte concentrations present in the sample, as well as the specific assay in question. (aacc.org)
Immunometric assays employing the streptavidin-biotin system are widely used to measure hormones. (medscape.com)
However, these assays are susceptible to interference in patients taking biotin supplementations. (medscape.com)

Side effects may be increased if you take biotin with medications that are changed by the liver. (healthline.com)
Should You Take Biotin with Birth Control Pills? (healthline.com)

Mill Creek Botanicals Biotin Shampoo - 1 Each - 14 oz. (frysfood.com)
Biotin Shampoo and Conditioner Set for Thicker, Healthier Hair. (frysfood.com)
For an all natural shampoo, the Jason "Natural Biotin" shampoo leaves my hair feeling clean, soft, and free of residue. (viewpoints.com)
Effectiveness The Jason "Natural Biotin" shampoo not only effectly cleans my hair, without leaving a dry, residue-feel to it like many other natural shampoos do, but it leaves my hair softm, shiny, and frizz-free. (viewpoints.com)
The scent of Jason "Natural Biotin" shampoo is light, fresh, and slightly minty. (viewpoints.com)

Both brewer's yeast and nutritional yeast are good sources of biotin. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Specifically, brewer's yeast and royal jelly (another gift from the amazing and endangered honeybee) happen to have some of the highest biotin contents. (nutralegacy.com)

Biotin is extremely important for cell growth and the production of fatty acids as well. (nutralegacy.com)
Biotin is necessary for formation of fatty acids and glucose, which are used as fuels by the body. (mayoclinic.org)

Biotin 10,000 mcg helps support skin, hair and nail health so you can look and feel your best. (puritan.com)

Biotin: Provides essential nutrients to the hair follicle that support healthy hair. (bluemercury.com)

Dr. Das's Pearl of Laboratory Medicine investigates biotin interference, how it can affect assay results, and what strategies can be taken to mitigate it. (aacc.org)
Welcome to this Pearl of Laboratory Medicine on "The enigma of Biotin Interference. (aacc.org)
All biotin / streptavidin-based immunoassays are susceptible to biotin interference. (aacc.org)
Biotin interference is particularly dangerous for patients in emergency situations who are unaware that they are taking high doses of biotin or when the treating physician does not know the patient is taking high doses. (aacc.org)
Slide 7: What effect does biotin interference have? (aacc.org)
Depending on the biotin dose, assay design, and assay interference threshold, biotin interference can cause falsely low (sandwich immunoassays) or falsely high (competitive immunoassays). (aacc.org)

When Biotin-SP-conjugated antibodies are used in enzyme immunoassays, there is an increase in sensitivity compared to biotin-conjugated antibodies without the spacer. (jacksonimmuno.com)
This is especially notable when Biotin-SP conjugated antibodies are used with alkaline phosphatase-conjugated streptavidin. (jacksonimmuno.com)

Our Biotin Capsules and Gummies use only the highest quality ingredients backed by third party labs to ensure their purity. (discovermagazine.com)

OGX Thick & Full+ Biotin & Collagen is a volumising blend, helping to thicken and texturize fine hair. (tesco.com)

The intestinal enzyme biotinidase, found in pancreatic secretions and in the brush border membranes of all three parts of the small intestine, frees biotin, which is then absorbed from the small intestine. (wikipedia.org)

Consumption of biotin as part of a normal diet results in urinary excretion of biotin and biotin metabolites. (wikipedia.org)

By nourishing the hair follicles and improving their overall health, biotin helps reduce hair breakage, enhances hair elasticity, and promotes thicker, shinier locks. (healco.com)

The women who received biotin also had a significant increase in biotin excretion, while women who received the placebo showed no change in biotin excretion. (nutraingredients.com)

ChromaLINK Biotin contains a UV-traceable chromophore based on ChromaLINK technology to enable reproducibility in your biotinylation process. (vectorlabs.com)
ChromaLINK Biotin Maleimide has been engineered to include many novel features. (vectorlabs.com)
As illustrated, bovine Serum Albumin (100 ul @ 1 mg/ml) was labeled at 0, 5, 10, and 20 mole equivalents using ChromaLINK Biotin Maleimide. (vectorlabs.com)
Superimposed spectra of BSA biotinylated using ChromaLINK Biotin Maleimide. (vectorlabs.com)

Biotin, or vitamin B7 is a water-soluble vitamin and an essential nutrient. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Biotin is a ubiquitous co-factor (also known as Vitamin B7) that has many properties that make it extremely useful for molecular biology. (bdbiosciences.com)

St.Botanica Biotin Conditioner is infused with the goodness of Biotin that is known to help prevent hair breakage and enhance the overall appearance of your hair. (stbotanica.com)

Biotin is a water soluble vitamin that is part of the B-complex group. (discovermagazine.com)
Biotin is a water-soluble vitamin of the B Complex group and is also known as VitaminB7. (aacc.org)

How much is absorbed in humans is unknown, although a review did report that human epithelial cells of the colon in vitro demonstrated an ability to uptake biotin. (wikipedia.org)
Once absorbed, sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter (SMVT) mediates biotin uptake into the liver. (wikipedia.org)

In high doses, biotin may help people with diabetes, increasing the body's response to insulin so blood sugar (glucose) levels stay low. (readersdigest.ca)

Biotin is an essential nutrient part of the Vitamin B family , all of which play a vital role in how your body converts food to energy. (puritan.com)

Early detection and treatment with pharmacologic doses of biotin are important to prevent the development of irreversible complications. (medscape.com)

Below are some good dietary sources of biotin. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Insulin release was not affected by biotin treatment. (nih.gov)

Biotin works by strengthening and nourishing the hair follicles, helping to prevent breakage and improve hair health overall. (discovermagazine.com)

Anatomy1

Organisms1

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs17

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Identification of three distinct receptor binding sites of murine interleukin-11. (1/2828)

Adhesion energy of receptor-mediated interaction measured by elastic deformation. (2/2828)

Molecular biology of biotin attachment to proteins. (3/2828)

Human biotinidase isn't just for recycling biotin. (4/2828)

Cellular uptake of biotin: mechanisms and regulation. (5/2828)

Advanced analysis of biotin metabolites in body fluids allows a more accurate measurement of biotin bioavailability and metabolism in humans. (6/2828)

Biotin status: which are valid indicators and how do we know? (7/2828)

Mapping binding domains of kininogens on endothelial cell cytokeratin 1. (8/2828)

Biotin

Avidin

Carbon-Nitrogen Ligases

Streptavidin

Methylmalonyl-CoA Decarboxylase

Pyruvate Carboxylase

Sulfurtransferases

Valerates

Biotinidase

Carbon-Carbon Ligases

Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase

Fatty Acid Synthase, Type II

Carboxyl and Carbamoyl Transferases

Pimelic Acids

Hoof and Claw

Multiple Carboxylase Deficiency

Egg White

Biotinidase Deficiency

Vitamin B Deficiency

Carboxy-Lyases

Ligases

Escherichia coli

Pantothenic Acid

Holocarboxylase Synthetase Deficiency

Identification of three distinct receptor binding sites of murine interleukin-11. (1/2828)

Adhesion energy of receptor-mediated interaction measured by elastic deformation. (2/2828)

Molecular biology of biotin attachment to proteins. (3/2828)

Human biotinidase isn't just for recycling biotin. (4/2828)

Cellular uptake of biotin: mechanisms and regulation. (5/2828)

Advanced analysis of biotin metabolites in body fluids allows a more accurate measurement of biotin bioavailability and metabolism in humans. (6/2828)

Biotin status: which are valid indicators and how do we know? (7/2828)

Mapping binding domains of kininogens on endothelial cell cytokeratin 1. (8/2828)

Biotin-thiamine-responsive basal ganglia disease - About the Disease - Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center

Biotin - Wikipedia

Biotin: MedlinePlus Supplements

biotin sulfoxide (CHEBI:62193)

Biotin Deficiency Medication

Biotin Interference With Routine Clinical Immunoassays

Biotin transport through the blood-brain barrier

The Top 10 Biotin-Rich Foods

Biotin conjugation

Biotin - Consumer

PDF) Biotin and biotinidase deficiency

Ogx Biotin & Collagen Volume Shampoo 385 Ml - Tesco Groceries

Biotin Boost Thickening Conditioner - Hask | Ulta Beauty

Extreme Length Leave-In Treatment With Biotin | Redken

Biotin Anti-CD31 antibody [EPR3094] (ab199734) | Abcam

Biotin proximity tagging favours unfolded proteins and enables the study of intrinsically disordered regions | Communications...

R+Co Dallas Biotin Thickening Shampoo 8.5 fl. oz - Dermstore

RCSB PDB - 1NDJ: Streptavidin Mutant Y43F with Biotin at 1.81A Resolution

DailyMed - RAPHE PHARMACEUTIQUE PRO VITAMIN B5 BIOTIN- pyrithione zinc liquid

Natural Factors, Extra Strength Biotin, 10,000 mcg, 60 Vegetarian Capsules

Biotin-thiamine-responsive basal ganglia disease: MedlinePlus Genetics

24 Best Biotin Gummies for Hair Growth in 2023 | Discover Magazine

Biotin Human IgG, whole molecule | JIR

d-Biotin Reference Guide - Jarrow Formulas

Biotin Maximum Strength Tablets | Beauty | Natrol®

Colorimetric Biotin Assay Kit sufficient for 200 colorimetric assays | Sigma-Aldrich

Biotin Rat Anti-CD11b

5 lbs Biotin Plus | Schneiders Saddlery | Schneiders

Biotin 7500 mcg 50 Tablets | Puritan's Pride

Biotins and streptavidin derivatives

Deficiency35

Enough biotin4

Antibody4

Supplements24

Avidin12

Streptavidin and Biotin2

Supplementation14

Vitamins9

Coenzyme7

Amount of biotin3

Protein11

Taking a biotin supplement2

Enzymes5

Pantothenic4

Metabolism6

Nails13

Micrograms2

Naturals Biotin Shampoo1