Betalains
Betacyanins
Betaxanthins
Cactaceae
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
Beta vulgaris
Beverages
Menu Planning
Nitrates
Effect of zinc deficiency on betacyanin production in a cell suspension culture of table beet (Beta vulgaris L.). (1/9)
The effect of microelements in the Linsmaier-Skoog (LS) medium on betacyanin production was investigated in suspension cultures of table beet (Beta vulgaris L.). Removing zinc from the medium resulted in a high betacyanin content of the cells, the betacyanin content of the cells decreasing with increasing zinc concentration in the medium. The betacyanin content of cells cultured in the medium without zinc was twice as high as that in the medium containing 0.03 mM of zinc. In the revised LS medium without zinc, the maximum betacyanin yield was obtained of 590 mg/l from a 21-day culture. (+info)Characterization and functional identification of a novel plant 4,5-extradiol dioxygenase involved in betalain pigment biosynthesis in Portulaca grandiflora. (2/9)
Betalains are pigments that replace anthocyanins in the majority of families of the plant order Caryophyllales. Betalamic acid is the common chromophore of betalains. The key enzyme of the betalain biosynthetic pathway is an extradiol dioxygenase that opens the cyclic ring of dihydroxy-phenylalanine (DOPA) between carbons 4 and 5, thus producing an unstable seco-DOPA that rearranges nonenzymatically to betalamic acid. A gene for a 4,5-DOPA-dioxygenase has already been isolated from the fungus Amanita muscaria, but no homolog was ever found in plants. To identify the plant gene, we constructed subtractive libraries between different colored phenotypes of isogenic lines of Portulaca grandiflora (Portulacaceae) and between different stages of flower bud formation. Using in silico analysis of differentially expressed cDNAs, we identified a candidate showing strong homology at the level of translated protein with the LigB domain present in several bacterial extradiol 4,5-dioxygenases. The gene was expressed only in colored flower petals. The function of this gene in the betalain biosynthetic pathway was confirmed by biolistic genetic complementation in white petals of P. grandiflora genotypes lacking the gene for color formation. This gene named DODA is the first characterized member of a novel family of plant dioxygenases phylogenetically distinct from Amanita sp. DOPA-dioxygenase. Homologs of DODA are present not only in betalain-producing plants but also, albeit with some changes near the catalytic site, in other angiosperms and in the bryophyte Physcomitrella patens. These homologs are part of a novel conserved plant gene family probably involved in aromatic compound metabolism. (+info)Absorption, excretion, and distribution of dietary antioxidant betalains in LDLs: potential health effects of betalains in humans. (3/9)
BACKGROUND: Betalains were recently identified as natural antioxidants. However, little is known about their bioavailability from dietary sources. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to evaluate the bioavailability of betalains from dietary sources. DESIGN: The plasma kinetics and urinary excretion of betalains were studied in healthy volunteers (n = 8) after a single ingestion of 500 g cactus pear fruit pulp, which provided 28 and 16 mg indicaxanthin and betanin, respectively. The incorporation of betalains in LDL and the resistance of the particles to ex vivo-induced oxidation was also researched. RESULTS: Betanin and indicaxanthin reached their maximum plasma concentrations 3 h after the fruit meal and declined according to first-order kinetics. The half-life of betanin (0.94 +/- 0.07 h) was shorter than that of indicaxanthin (2.36 +/- 0.17 h). Both compounds had disappeared from plasma by 12 h after intake. The urinary excretion of indicaxanthin and betanin over 12 h represented 76 +/- 3.0% and 3.7 +/- 0.2%, respectively, of the ingested compounds. LDL isolated 3 and 5 h after the fruit meal incorporated betalains at concentrations of 100.5 +/- 11 and 50 +/- 7.2 pmol/mg LDL protein, respectively. In addition, the particles appeared more resistant to ex vivo-induced oxidative injury than did the samples isolated before fruit ingestion (P < 0.05)-the higher the amount of betalains incorporated, the higher the resistance. The concentrations of vitamin E and beta-carotene in LDL did not change significantly after fruit ingestion. CONCLUSION: Our results show that cactus pear fruit is a source of bioavailable betalains and suggest that indicaxanthin and betanin may be involved in the observed protection of LDL against ex vivo-induced oxidative modifications. (+info)Betaxanthins as substrates for tyrosinase. An approach to the role of tyrosinase in the biosynthetic pathway of betalains. (4/9)
Tyrosinase or polyphenol oxidase (EC 1.14.18.1) is the key enzyme in melanin biosynthesis and in the enzymatic browning of fruits and vegetables. The role of tyrosinase in the secondary metabolism of plants still remains unclear, but its implication in betalain biosynthesis has been proposed. Betalains are an important class of water-soluble pigments, characteristic of plants belonging to the order Caryophyllales. In this article, the betaxanthins, tyrosine-betaxanthin (portulacaxanthin II) and dopaxanthin, are reported to be physiological substrates for tyrosinase. The direct activity of tyrosinase on selected betaxanthins is characterized in depth, and conversion of tyrosine-betaxanthin to dopaxanthin and its further oxidation to a series of compounds are described. Identity of the reaction products was studied by high-performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. Masses determined for the reaction products were the same in all cases, 389 m/z ([M + H]+) and equal to that determined for betanidin. Data indicate that dopaxanthin-quinone is obtained and evolves to more stable species by intramolecular cyclization. Kinetic parameters for tyrosinase acting on dopaxanthin were evaluated, showing a high affinity for this substrate (K(m) = 84.3 microM). The biosynthetic scheme of betalains is reviewed and a branch is proposed based on the description of physiological substrates for tyrosinase. Lampranthus productus, Glottiphylum oligocarpum, and Glottiphylum pigmaeum are described as sources of stereopure (2S/S)-dopaxanthin. (+info)HPLC characterization of betalains from plants in the amaranthaceae. (5/9)
HPLC characterization of reversed-phase (RP) high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been widely used in separation and identification of plant pigments. An effective RP-HPLC-based method is established to systematically isolate, identify, and quantitate the betalain pigments in the plants of 37 species of eight genera in the Amaranthaceae. A total of 16 betacyanins and three betaxanthins are characterized mainly using the RP-HPLC method and also with the aid of mass spectroscopy. The identified betacyanins include eight amaranthine-types, six gomphrenin-types, and two betanin-types. They are also divided into six simple (nonacylated) betacyanins and 10 acylated betacyanins. Acylated betacyanins are identified as betanidin 5-O-beta-glucuronosylglucoside or betanidin 6-O-beta-glucoside acylated with ferulic, p-coumaric, or 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acids. Three betaxanthins were separated from Celosia species in the Amaranthaceae and identified to be immonium conjugates of betalamic acid with dopamine, 3-methoxytyramine, and (S)-tryptophan; the latter two are found to be new betaxanthins from plants. (+info)Physiological properties of beetroot crisps applied in standard and dyslipidaemic diets of rats. (6/9)
(+info)Betalain production is possible in anthocyanin-producing plant species given the presence of DOPA-dioxygenase and L-DOPA. (7/9)
(+info)A nature-inspired betalainic probe for live-cell imaging of Plasmodium-infected erythrocytes. (8/9)
(+info)Betalains are a group of pigments that are responsible for the red, yellow, and purple colors in some fruits, vegetables, and flowers. They are water-soluble nitrogenous vacuolar pigments that are synthesized from tyrosine. Betalains are divided into two categories: betacyanins (red-violet) and betaxanthins (yellow-orange).
Betalains have antioxidant properties, which contribute to their potential health benefits. They are found in a limited number of plant families, including the Caryophyllales order, which includes beets, chard, amaranth, and prickly pear cactus. Unlike anthocyanins, which are another group of pigments commonly found in plants, betalains do not appear to be present in significant amounts in green leafy vegetables or other commonly consumed fruits and vegetables.
Betacyanins are a type of pigment that are responsible for the red-violet to blue-violet colors in plants. They belong to a class of compounds called betalains, which also include betaxanthins. Betacyanins are water-soluble and contain nitrogen, and they are synthesized from tyrosine. They have antioxidant properties and are found in the order Caryophyllales, which includes plants such as beets, chard, and amaranth. Betacyanins are often used as natural food colorings due to their vibrant colors.
Betaxanthins are a type of betalain pigments that are typically found in plants of the order Caryophyllales, which includes beets, chard, and amaranth. These pigments have antioxidant properties and are believed to contribute to the health benefits of these vegetables. Betaxanthins are yellow or orange in color and can be used as natural food colorings. They are water-soluble and tend to be less stable than other types of pigments, such as carotenoids. In addition to their antioxidant properties, betaxanthins have also been shown to have anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects.
Cactaceae is the scientific name for the family of plants that includes cacti. Cacti are a type of succulent plant that are adapted to arid environments, with features such as thick stems and the ability to store water. They are native to the Americas, ranging from Canada to Argentina, with the greatest diversity found in Mexico. Many cacti have spines or are covered in glochids, small hair-like structures that can be very sharp and barbed. Cacti come in a wide variety of shapes, sizes, and colors, and some species produce flowers and fruit. Some common examples of cacti include the saguaro, prickly pear, and santa rita.
Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are a group of disinfectants and antiseptics that contain a nitrogen atom surrounded by four organic groups, resulting in a charged "quat" structure. They are widely used in healthcare settings due to their broad-spectrum activity against bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores. QACs work by disrupting the cell membrane of microorganisms, leading to their death. Common examples include benzalkonium chloride and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. It is important to note that some microorganisms have developed resistance to QACs, and they may not be effective against all types of pathogens.
'Beta vulgaris' is the scientific name for a group of plants that includes several common vegetables such as beets, chard, and sugar beets. This species is native to coastal regions of Europe, North Africa, and Asia.
Beets, also known as table beets or garden beets, are grown for their edible roots, which can be red, yellow, or striped. They have a sweet, earthy flavor and are often eaten raw, pickled, or cooked. Beet greens, the leaves of the plant, are also edible and have a mild flavor similar to spinach.
Chard, also known as Swiss chard, is grown for its large, colorful leaves that can be green, red, yellow, or white. The leaves and stems are both edible and have a slightly bitter taste. Chard is often used in salads, soups, and stir-fries.
Sugar beets are grown for their roots, which contain high levels of sucrose. They are used to produce granulated sugar, molasses, and other sweeteners. Sugar beets are not typically eaten as a vegetable, but the leaves can be consumed in the same way as chard.
In summary, 'Beta vulgaris' is a versatile species of plant that includes several popular vegetables, including beets, chard, and sugar beets.
A beverage is a drink intended for human consumption. The term is often used to refer to any drink that is not alcoholic or, in other words, non-alcoholic beverages. This includes drinks such as water, juice, tea, coffee, and soda. However, it can also include alcoholic drinks like beer, wine, and spirits.
In a medical context, beverages are often discussed in relation to their impact on health. For example, sugary drinks like soda and energy drinks have been linked to obesity, diabetes, and other health problems. On the other hand, drinks like water and unsweetened tea can help to keep people hydrated and may have other health benefits.
It's important for individuals to be mindful of their beverage choices and to choose options that are healthy and support their overall well-being. This may involve limiting sugary drinks, choosing water or unsweetened tea instead of soda, and avoiding excessive caffeine intake.
Food coloring agents, also known as food dyes, are substances that are added to foods and beverages to improve or modify their color. They are typically made from synthetic chemicals, although some are derived from natural sources. Food coloring agents are subject to regulation by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and other regulatory bodies to ensure their safety.
Food coloring agents are used for a variety of reasons, including:
* Making foods look more appealing or attractive
* Restoring the natural color of foods that has been lost during processing
* Helping consumers identify products, such as flavors or varieties of candy
* Ensuring consistency in the color of a product from batch to batch
Some common food coloring agents include:
* Blue 1 (Brilliant Blue)
* Blue 2 (Indigo Carmine)
* Green 3 (Fast Green FCF)
* Red 3 (Erythrosine)
* Red 40 (Allura Red)
* Yellow 5 (Tartrazine)
* Yellow 6 (Sunset Yellow)
It is important to note that some people may be sensitive or allergic to certain food coloring agents and may experience adverse reactions after consuming them. Additionally, there has been some concern about the potential health effects of artificial food dyes, although current research does not support a strong link between their consumption and negative health outcomes in the general population.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "menu planning" is not a medical term per se. However, it is a common term used in nutrition and dietetics, which can be a part of medical nutritional therapy. Here's a definition related to that field:
Menu planning in the context of nutrition and dietetics refers to the process of creating well-balanced and appropriate meals for individuals or groups, taking into account their specific dietary needs, restrictions, and preferences. This can be done on a short-term or long-term basis, and may involve determining portion sizes, food combinations, and meal timing to optimize nutrient intake, support health goals, and manage chronic conditions. Menu planning is often carried out by registered dietitians or nutritionists in various settings such as hospitals, long-term care facilities, schools, and wellness programs.
Nitrates are chemical compounds that consist of a nitrogen atom bonded to three oxygen atoms (NO3-). In the context of medical science, nitrates are often discussed in relation to their use as medications or their presence in food and water.
As medications, nitrates are commonly used to treat angina (chest pain) caused by coronary artery disease. Nitrates work by relaxing and widening blood vessels, which improves blood flow and reduces the workload on the heart. Some examples of nitrate medications include nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate, and isosorbide mononitrate.
In food and water, nitrates are naturally occurring compounds that can be found in a variety of vegetables, such as spinach, beets, and lettuce. They can also be present in fertilizers and industrial waste, which can contaminate groundwater and surface water sources. While nitrates themselves are not harmful, they can be converted into potentially harmful compounds called nitrites under certain conditions, particularly in the digestive system of young children or in the presence of bacteria such as those found in unpasteurized foods. Excessive levels of nitrites can react with hemoglobin in the blood to form methemoglobin, which cannot transport oxygen effectively and can lead to a condition called methemoglobinemia.
Potassium compounds refer to substances that contain the element potassium (chemical symbol: K) combined with one or more other elements. Potassium is an alkali metal that has the atomic number 19 and is highly reactive, so it is never found in its free form in nature. Instead, it is always found combined with other elements in the form of potassium compounds.
Potassium compounds can be ionic or covalent, depending on the properties of the other element(s) with which it is combined. In general, potassium forms ionic compounds with nonmetals and covalent compounds with other metals. Ionic potassium compounds are formed when potassium donates one electron to a nonmetal, forming a positively charged potassium ion (K+) and a negatively charged nonmetal ion.
Potassium compounds have many important uses in medicine, industry, and agriculture. For example, potassium chloride is used as a salt substitute and to treat or prevent low potassium levels in the blood. Potassium citrate is used to treat kidney stones and to alkalinize urine. Potassium iodide is used to treat thyroid disorders and to protect the thyroid gland from radioactive iodine during medical imaging procedures.
It's important to note that some potassium compounds can be toxic or even fatal if ingested in large quantities, so they should only be used under the supervision of a healthcare professional.
Betalain
Hygrocybe appalachianensis
Biological pigment
Gomphrena globosa
Herbal distillate
Anthocyanin
Klaus Kubitzki
Corynabutilon
List of malvid families
August Heintze
Bastardiastrum
Krapovickasia
Betanin
Ullucus
Caryophyllales
Plagianthus
Septotheca
Glossostemon
Lachnocapsa
Eudema
Capparales
Inflorescence
Amaranthaceae
Floral color change
Beetroot
Tumbleweed
Phytolacca americana
Anastatica
Opuntia ficus-indica
Mammillaria
Betalain - Wikipedia
Effect of 1-week betalain-rich beetroot concentrate supplementation on cycling performance and select physiological parameters ...
Influence of ascorbic acid addition on betalain production - Universiti Putra Malaysia Institutional Repository
Chemical characterization of yellow-orange and purple varieties of Opuntia ficus-indica fruits and thermal stability of their...
Characterization, Stability, and Bioaccessibility of Betalain and Phenolic Compounds from Opuntia stricta var. Dillenii Fruits...
Organifi Green Juice Reviews (Updated 2021) - The Best Organic Superfood Powder Drink? - LA Weekly
Natural Food Colorants: Science and Technology edited by Gabriel J. Lauro and F. JackFrancis
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Caryophyllales - Wikispecies
Effect of Temperature, Light and Sowing Depth on Seed Germination of Celosia argentea L.
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Caryophyllales - Wikipedia
Ever Wonder About Beets? - Science World
University teachers - Institute of Natural Materials Technology - TU Dresden
How to keep your liver healthy
Beets are Anti-inflammatory, Anti-Cancer and Antioxidant
Health Benefits of Swiss Chard, Nutritional Facts And Consumption Tips
Crunchy Veggi-licous Chips! - Nutrition Twins
World's driest desert has spectacular blooms, but the secret is invisible to human eyes
Antioxidant6
- Butera D, Tesoriere L, Di Gaudio F, Bongiorno A, Allegra M, Pintaudi AM, Kohen R, Livrea MA (2002) Antioxidant activities of sicilian prickly pear ( Opuntia ficus-indica ) fruit extracts and reducing properties of its betalains: betanin and indicaxanthin. (springer.com)
- The objective of this work was to carry out the chemical characterization of two varieties of prickly pear of Opuntia ficus-indica , one of yellow- orange coloration (Mandarina) and the other of purple coloration (Vigor), through measurements of chemical parameters and color in pulp, antioxidant activity , total phenolic compounds , and betalain content. (bvsalud.org)
- They're one of the few vegetables that contain betalains, a powerful antioxidant that gives beets their vibrant color. (webmd.com)
- Beets contain betalain- a powerful antioxidant. (metro.ca)
- Betanin and vulgaxanthin, two examples of betalains, have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. (todaysdietitian.com)
- The red pigment of beets is from betalains, phytonutrients linked to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits. (sagedining.com)
Pigment5
- Gaining knowledge on betalain thermal stability will make it possible to propose specific applications, for example, in processed foods requiring different pigment stabilities. (bvsalud.org)
- This leads to the increased production and accumulation of the red pigment betalain . (nasa.gov)
- The colour comes from a kind of betalain pigment. (scienceworld.ca)
- Beets are packed with all sorts of phytonutrients, like the betalain red pigment. (nutritionfacts.org)
- A team at the Tokyo University of Science and Iwate Biotechnology Research Center have successfully genetically engineered tomatoes to produce the plant pigment betalain with significant anti-inflammatory effects. (nutraingredients.com)
Betanin3
- The most heavily studied betalain is betanin, also called beetroot red after the fact that it may be extracted from red beet roots. (wikipedia.org)
- Fruit pulp showed the greater content of total betalains (444.77 mg/100 g f.w.), and jam only showed very low amounts of two betanin degradation compounds, Cyclo-dopa-5-O-β-glucoside (and its isomer) (0.63 mg/100 f.w.), and two Phyllocactin derivatives (1.04 mg/100 g f.w. (ehu.eus)
- The two betalains found in beets are vulgaxanthin and betanin. (doctorshealthpress.com)
Beets their vibrant color1
- They also contain betalains, antioxidants that give beets their vibrant color and have anti-inflammatory and detoxification properties. (sunfood.com)
Antioxidants4
- Beets get their rich color from betalains, which are water-soluble antioxidants . (healthline.com)
- Betalains and other antioxidants may help find and destroy free radicals or unstable molecules in the body, which, in large numbers, can promote inflammation and increase the risk of cancer. (healthline.com)
- Antioxidants like betalains and polyphenols in Enso Power Beets help to neutralize free radicals, thus protecting the body from various diseases. (bcr.org)
- First, they're packed with betalains , a group of potent antioxidants that stimulate liver function and protect it from oxidative stress. (localquoter.net)
Beetroot4
- Herein, we examined if supplementation for 7 days with betalain-rich beetroot concentrate (BLN) improved cycling performance or altered hemodynamic and serum analytes prior to, during and following a cycling time trial (TT). (springer.com)
- Considering the thermolability of betalains and their potential applications in food , the thermal stability and activation energy of betacyanins from Vigor variety and betaxanthins from the Mandarina variety were also evaluated and compared with those from beetroot, the main source of betalains . (bvsalud.org)
- Recently, the gene responsible for this step was identified in beetroot, BvCYP76AD6, that is the source of yellow and purple betalain pigments. (jic.ac.uk)
- Red beetroot is the primary source of betalains in western diets, as they are not widely present in the plant world [63]. (bristolcancerhelp.org)
Phytonutrients1
- They contain some special phytonutrients called betalains. (doctorshealthpress.com)
Phenolic compounds4
- Characterization, Stability, and Bioaccessibility of Betalain and Phenolic Compounds from Opuntia stricta var. (ehu.eus)
- The aim of the present study was the full characterization, quantification, and determination of the digestive stability and bioaccessibility of individual betalain and phenolic compounds of Opuntia stricta, var. (ehu.eus)
- Dillenii fruits and products profile showed 60 betalain and phenolic compounds that were identified and quantified by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS and HPLC-DAD-MS/QTOF, being 25 phenolic acids (including isomers and derivatives), 12 flavonoids (including glycosides), 3 ellagic acids (including glycosides and derivative), and 20 betanins (including degradation compounds). (ehu.eus)
- The stability of betalains and phenolic compounds during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion is reported in the present study. (ehu.eus)
Anti-inflammatory properties1
- Like beets, Swiss chard has betalains that are anti-inflammatory properties. (juicing-for-health.com)
Caryophyllales5
- Betalains are a class of red and yellow tyrosine-derived pigments found in plants of the order Caryophyllales, where they replace anthocyanin pigments. (wikipedia.org)
- Betalain pigments occur only in the Caryophyllales and some Basidiomycota (mushrooms), for instance Hygrophoraceae (waxcaps). (wikipedia.org)
- Among the flowering plant order Caryophyllales, most members produce betalains and lack anthocyanins. (wikipedia.org)
- Malvales, Capparales and Non-betalain Caryophyllales. (wikimedia.org)
- This visual diversity of C. longiscapa flowers is probably mainly due to differences between betalains - yellow, orange, and purple pigments that are a typical trait of the plant order Caryophyllales to which the pussypaws belong. (helsinkitimes.fi)
Water-soluble1
- Both betalains and anthocyanins are water-soluble pigments found in the vacuoles of plant cells. (wikipedia.org)
Betacyanins3
- There are two categories of betalains: Betacyanins include the reddish to violet betalain pigments. (wikipedia.org)
- Betalains (betacyanins) were first isolated and its chemical structure discovered in 1960 at the University of Zurich by Dr. Tom Mabry. (wikipedia.org)
- Red and purple beets are especially high in a type of betalain called betacyanins. (vitacost.com)
Beet root1
- Betalains are indole-derived pigments found in beet root, and recent studies suggest that they may exert ergogenic effects. (springer.com)
Plant pigments3
- Betalains are plant pigments with biological properties and can be used instead of synthetic colorants to confer color and functional properties to foods . (bvsalud.org)
- The start-up ‒ Phytolon ‒ is now working on scaling up the production of plant pigments called betalains. (weizmann.ac.il)
- Betalains are rare compared to other plant pigments, however, and they had not, until now, been well studied. (weizmann.ac.il)
Opuntia1
- Chemical characterization of yellow-orange and purple varieties of Opuntia ficus-indica fruits and thermal stability of their betalains. (bvsalud.org)
Genetically engineered1
- They then created genetically engineered yeast that not only produces betalains, but secretes them in quantity. (weizmann.ac.il)
Phytonutrient1
- Beets are a unique source of the phytonutrient group called betalains. (todaysdietitian.com)
Pigments found1
- It was once thought that betalains were related to anthocyanins, the reddish pigments found in most plants. (wikipedia.org)
Stability1
- Addition of TFE (2,2,2-trifluoroethanol) is reported to improve the hydrolytic stability of some betalains in aqueous solution. (wikipedia.org)
Characterization1
- Results for chemical characterization agreed with previous prickly pear reports of other regions, while the thermal degradation kinetics of betalains showed a first-order degradation pattern with respect to time and temperature treatment . (bvsalud.org)
Compounds1
- Beets contains compounds such as nitrates, betaine and pigments called betalains, which have several health benefits. (vitacost.com)
Latin2
- The name "betalain" comes from the Latin name of the common beet (Beta vulgaris), from which betalains were first extracted. (wikipedia.org)
- Betalain comes from the Latin scientific name for beets, Beta vulgaris . (scienceworld.ca)
Properties2
- The physiological function of betalains in plants is uncertain, but there is some evidence that they may have fungicidal properties. (wikipedia.org)
- Studies of beets have shown positive relationships with reducing blood pressure, improving gut and brain health, providing cancer-fighting properties (through those unique betalains), and showing promising benefits for athletic performance. (sagedining.com)
Tyrosine2
- It is now known that betalains are aromatic indole derivatives synthesized from tyrosine. (wikipedia.org)
- Conversion of tyrosine to L-DOPA constitues the first step of betalain biosynthesis in plants. (jic.ac.uk)
Plants2
- Additionally, betalains have been found in fluorescent flowers, though their role in these plants is also uncertain. (wikipedia.org)
- The betalain pigments are unique in plants of this order and occur in all its families with the exception of Caryophyllaceae and Molluginaceae . (wikipedia.org)
Purple1
- Betalains are best known for the deep color of beets and the bright ones of bougainvillea, but they come in shades from dark purple to yellow. (weizmann.ac.il)
Yellow1
- Betaxanthins are those betalain pigments which appear yellow to orange. (wikipedia.org)
Color2
- The deep red color of beets, bougainvillea, amaranth, and many cacti results from the presence of betalain pigments. (wikipedia.org)
- Betalains give beets their rich red color. (vitacost.com)
Unlike2
- However, betalains are structurally and chemically unlike anthocyanins and the two have never been found in the same plant together. (wikipedia.org)
- Dr. Halim Jubran, the company's CEO, was recently interviewed in FoodNavigator-USA, where he explained that, unlike beet extract, which contains a low percentage of betalains and a beet aftertaste, or other cell-based products that may be hard to extract from the cells, the yeast-grown betalains are quite pure: "The yeast cells actually secrete the betalains like sweat…it makes everything cheaper and more reliable. (weizmann.ac.il)
Give1
- Betalains don't just give colours to flowers: they also protect from drought, salt stress, and damage from reactive oxygen radicals under environmental stress - traits highly beneficial in deserts. (helsinkitimes.fi)
Production1
- Prof. Asaph Aharoni and his group in the Institute's Plant and Environmental Sciences Department several years ago applied advanced genomic techniques they had developed for mapping out the specific genes controlling the metabolic pathway leading to betalain production. (weizmann.ac.il)
Results1
- This variability probably results from different so-called 'betalain' pigments in the flower petals. (helsinkitimes.fi)
Order1
- Betalains also occur in some higher order fungi. (wikipedia.org)
Sugar1
- Each betalain is a glycoside, and consists of a sugar and a colored portion. (wikipedia.org)