Roentgenography of a joint, usually after injection of either positive or negative contrast medium.
Fibrocartilage that makes up the triangular fibrocartilage complex which is found in the WRIST JOINT.
Endoscopic examination, therapy and surgery of the joint.
Non-neoplastic tumor-like lesions at joints, developed from the SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE of a joint through the JOINT CAPSULE into the periarticular tissues. They are filled with SYNOVIAL FLUID with a smooth and translucent appearance. A synovial cyst can develop from any joint, but most commonly at the back of the knee, where it is known as POPLITEAL CYST.
A low-osmolar, ionic contrast medium used in various radiographic procedures.
Displacement of the HUMERUS from the SCAPULA.
Fibrous cords of CONNECTIVE TISSUE that attach bones to each other and hold together the many types of joints in the body. Articular ligaments are strong, elastic, and allow movement in only specific directions, depending on the individual joint.
The articulation between the head of the HUMERUS and the glenoid cavity of the SCAPULA.
General or unspecified injuries involving the hip.
Congenital dislocation of the hip generally includes subluxation of the femoral head, acetabular dysplasia, and complete dislocation of the femoral head from the true acetabulum. This condition occurs in approximately 1 in 1000 live births and is more common in females than in males.
Radiography using air, oxygen, or some other gas as a contrast medium.
The part of the pelvis that comprises the pelvic socket where the head of FEMUR joins to form HIP JOINT (acetabulofemoral joint).
The musculotendinous sheath formed by the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, and teres minor muscles. These help stabilize the head of the HUMERUS in the glenoid fossa and allow for rotation of the SHOULDER JOINT about its longitudinal axis.
An effective non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiographic procedures. Its low systemic toxicity is the combined result of low chemotoxicity and low osmolality.
Injuries to the wrist or the wrist joint.
The joint that is formed by the articulation of the head of FEMUR and the ACETABULUM of the PELVIS.
A radiopaque medium used for urography, angiography, venography, and myelography. It is highly viscous and binds to plasma proteins.
The articulation between a metatarsal bone (METATARSAL BONES) and a phalanx.
The hemispheric articular surface at the upper extremity of the thigh bone. (Stedman, 26th ed)
Displacement of the femur bone from its normal position at the HIP JOINT.
'Joint diseases' is a broad term that refers to medical conditions causing inflammation, degeneration, or functional impairment in any part of a joint, including the cartilage, bone, ligament, tendon, or bursa, thereby affecting movement and potentially causing pain, stiffness, deformity, or reduced range of motion.
Part of the body in humans and primates where the arms connect to the trunk. The shoulder has five joints; ACROMIOCLAVICULAR joint, CORACOCLAVICULAR joint, GLENOHUMERAL joint, scapulathoracic joint, and STERNOCLAVICULAR joint.
Methods of delivering drugs into a joint space.
Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.
The external junctural region between the lower part of the abdomen and the thigh.
A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used primarily in skeletal scintigraphy. Because of its absorption by a variety of tumors, it is useful for the detection of neoplasms.
Minimally invasive procedures guided with the aid of magnetic resonance imaging to visualize tissue structures.
Injuries to the fibrous cords of connective tissue which attach muscles to bones or other structures.
A protective layer of firm, flexible cartilage over the articulating ends of bones. It provides a smooth surface for joint movement, protecting the ends of long bones from wear at points of contact.
Forcible or traumatic tear or break of an organ or other soft part of the body.
Injuries to the knee or the knee joint.
The interarticular fibrocartilages of the superior surface of the tibia.
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)
Substances used to allow enhanced visualization of tissues.
Two-phase systems in which one is uniformly dispersed in another as particles small enough so they cannot be filtered or will not settle out. The dispersing or continuous phase or medium envelops the particles of the discontinuous phase. All three states of matter can form colloids among each other.
The joint that is formed by the distal end of the RADIUS, the articular disc of the distal radioulnar joint, and the proximal row of CARPAL BONES; (SCAPHOID BONE; LUNATE BONE; triquetral bone).
Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.
The joining of objects by means of a cement (e.g., in fracture fixation, such as in hip arthroplasty for joining of the acetabular component to the femoral component). In dentistry, it is used for the process of attaching parts of a tooth or restorative material to a natural tooth or for the attaching of orthodontic bands to teeth by means of an adhesive.
Combination or superimposition of two images for demonstrating differences between them (e.g., radiograph with contrast vs. one without, radionuclide images using different radionuclides, radiograph vs. radionuclide image) and in the preparation of audiovisual materials (e.g., offsetting identical images, coloring of vessels in angiograms).
Unstable isotopes of indium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. In atoms with atomic weights 106-112, 113m, 114, and 116-124 are radioactive indium isotopes.
A synovial hinge connection formed between the bones of the FEMUR; TIBIA; and PATELLA.
A dead body, usually a human body.
In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.
Malfunction of implantation shunts, valves, etc., and prosthesis loosening, migration, and breaking.
Replacement for a hip joint.
An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.
The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.

Accuracy of EBRA-FCA in the measurement of migration of femoral components of total hip replacement. Einzel-Bild-Rontgen-Analyse-femoral component analysis. (1/458)

Several methods of measuring the migration of the femoral component after total hip replacement have been described, but they use different reference lines, and have differing accuracies, some unproven. Statistical comparison of different studies is rarely possible. We report a study of the EBRA-FCA method (femoral component analysis using Einzel-Bild-Rontgen-Analyse) to determine its accuracy using three independent assessments, including a direct comparison with the results of roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis (RSA). The accuracy of EBRA-FCA was better than +/- 1.5 mm (95% percentile) with a Cronbach's coefficient alpha for interobserver reliability of 0.84; a very good result. The method had a specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 78% compared with RSA for the detection of migration of over 1 mm. This is accurate enough to assess the stability of a prosthesis within a relatively limited period. The best reference line for downward migration is between the greater trochanter and the shoulder of the stem, as confirmed by two experimental analyses and a computer-assisted design.  (+info)

The prediction of failure of the stem in THR by measurement of early migration using EBRA-FCA. Einzel-Bild-Roentgen-Analyse-femoral component analysis. (2/458)

We report the ten-year results for three designs of stem in 240 total hip replacements, for which subsidence had been measured on plain radiographs at regular intervals. Accurate migration patterns could be determined by the method of Einzel-Bild-Roentgen-Analyse-femoral component analysis (EBRA-FCA) for 158 hips (66%). Of these, 108 stems (68%) remained stable throughout, and five (3%) started to migrate after a median of 54 months. Initial migration of at least 1 mm was seen in 45 stems (29%) during the first two years, but these then became stable. We revised 17 stems for aseptic loosening, and 12 for other reasons. Revision for aseptic loosening could be predicted by EBRA-FCA with a sensitivity of 69%, a specificity of 80%, and an accuracy of 79% by the use of a threshold of subsidence of 1.5 mm during the first two years. Similar observations over a five-year period allowed the long-term outcome to be predicted with an accuracy of 91%. We discuss the importance of four different patterns of subsidence and confirm that the early measurement of migration by a reasonably accurate method can help to predict long-term outcome. Such methods should be used to evaluate new and modified designs of prosthesis.  (+info)

Excessive paternal transmission in psoriatic arthritis. (3/458)

OBJECTIVE: The differential expression of a disease according to the sex of the disease-transmitting parent has been demonstrated in several autoimmune disorders. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether there are differences in the transmission and expression of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) that are dependent on the sex of the affected parent. METHODS: All probands (patients with PsA) were identified from among the patients attending the University of Toronto Psoriatic Arthritis Clinic. A self-reported family history of psoriasis or PsA was noted for each proband. Differences in parental and offspring transmission with respect to the proband were evaluated. In addition, the expression of PsA according to the sex of the affected parent was assessed at the time of the proband's presentation to the clinic. RESULTS: Ninety-five probands had affected parents: 62 (65%) had an affected father, and 33 (35%) had an affected mother. Thus, the proportion of paternal transmission (0.65) was significantly greater than was expected (0.5) (P = 0.001). Twelve of 74 offspring from male probands (16.2%) were affected with psoriasis or PsA, as compared with 9 of 108 offspring from female probands (8.3%) (P = 0.10). Probands whose fathers were affected had a higher frequency of skin lesions prior to arthritis (P = 0.047), an erythrocyte sedimentation rate > 15 mm/hour (P = 0.044), and a lower incidence of rheumatoid factor (P = 0.044). No differences were noted with respect to age at the onset of psoriasis or PsA, the severity of the PsA, or the frequency of HLA antigens. CONCLUSION: There appears to be excessive paternal transmission in PsA. Further clinical confirmation and elucidation of its genetic basis is warranted.  (+info)

Arthritis of the finger joints: a comprehensive approach comparing conventional radiography, scintigraphy, ultrasound, and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. (4/458)

OBJECTIVE: A prospective study was performed comparing conventional radiography, 3-phase bone scintigraphy, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with precontrast and dynamic postcontrast examinations in 60 patients with various forms of arthritis including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), spondyl-arthropathy, and arthritis associated with connective tissue disease. METHODS: A total of 840 finger joints were examined clinically and by all 4 imaging methods. Experienced investigators blinded to the clinical findings and diagnoses analyzed all methods independently of each other. The patients were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 included 32 patients (448 finger joints) without radiologic signs of destructive arthritis (Larsen grades 0-1) of the evaluated hand and wrist and group 2 included 28 patients (392 finger joints) with radiographs revealing erosions (Larsen grade 2) of the evaluated hand and/or wrist. RESULTS: Clinical evaluation, scintigraphy, MRI, and ultrasound were each more sensitive than conventional radiography in detecting inflammatory soft tissue lesions as well as destructive joint processes in arthritis patients in group 1. All differences were statistically significant. We found ultrasound to be even more sensitive than MRI in the detection of synovitis. MRI detected erosions in 92 finger joints (20%; 26 patients) in group 1 that had not been detected by conventional radiography. CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that MRI and ultrasound are valuable diagnostic methods in patients with arthritis who have normal findings on radiologic evaluation.  (+info)

Clinical, radiographic and HLA associations as markers for different patterns of psoriatic arthritis. (5/458)

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine whether the five clinical forms of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) identified by Moll and Wright (Semin Arthritis Rheum 1973;3:55-78) could be clearly distinguished, especially as the disease evolved over time, to analyse whether radiographic features or HLA associations could define subsets with greater precision and to identify predictors of disease outcome. METHODS: Seventy-three patients (37 males and 36 females) were followed for a median time of 8 yr (range 1-16 yr). A standard clinical protocol was used to assess patients at each visit and two clinical scores. based on the joint areas involved, were defined to evaluate the mode of onset and the evolution of arthritis. X-ray films of the hands, feet and sacroiliac joints were taken and the patients were divided into two categories according to the presence or absence of erosions and an X-ray erosion score was also used. Three classification methods were used to define the different clinical subsets. HLA-A, B and DR antigens were tested by standard microlymphocytotoxicity assays. A multiple linear regression model was used in the statistical analysis. RESULTS: The five classical clinical subsets defined by Moll and Wright did not remain since distinct peripheral arthritis patterns tended to evolve over time. Only two discrete groups were identified, axial disease (AD) (sacroilitis with or without peripheral arthritis) in 29% of cases and peripheral disease (PD) without sacroilitis in 71%. AD was positively associated with the duration of arthritis (P < 0.04), presence of mutilation (P < 0.02) and the joint area score over disease evolution (JASE) (P < 0.02). There were erosions in 71% of the patients. Erosions correlated with the presence of mutilation (P < 0.007) and with the JASE (P < 0.0005). HLA-B27 was found in 43% of patients with AD, but only in 11% of PD patients (P < 0.01). No other clear HLA correlations were found. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the relatively small number of patients, this longitudinal study suggests that only two clinical subsets can be clearly defined in PsA, AD and PD; these are primarily determined on clinical grounds although HLA-B27 is strongly associated with AD. The evolution of PD pattern with time means that narrower peripheral arthritis subsets are of little clinical use.  (+info)

Heritabilities of radiologic osteoarthritis in peripheral joints and of disc degeneration of the spine. (6/458)

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the genetic influence on the occurrence of radiologic osteoarthritis (ROA) in the knees, hips, and hands and disc degeneration of the spine in the general population. METHODS: A random sample of 1,583 individuals was drawn to estimate the prevalence of ROA and disc degeneration in the general population. Of 118 probands with multiple affected joint sites who were derived from this sample, we were able to recruit 257 siblings. The variance of ROA and disc degeneration within sibling pairs was compared with the variance between sibling pairs. Heritability estimates for ROA in the knees, hips, and hands and for disc degeneration of the spine were calculated. OA was defined according to radiologic criteria, using the Kellgren/Lawrence grading system. RESULTS: We observed that hand ROA and disc degeneration of the spine were statistically significantly more frequent in siblings than in the random sample, whereas the prevalence of knee and of hip ROA was similar and lower, respectively. Heritability estimates for hand ROA and disc degeneration were statistically significant, P = 0.56 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.34-0.76) and P = 0.75 (95% CI 0.30-1.00), respectively. For knee and hip ROA, no evidence of a genetic effect in the general population was found. Finally, the heritability estimate for a score that summed the number of joints affected in the knees, hips, hands, and spine was 0.78 (95% CI 0.52-0.98). All heritability estimates were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and bone mineral density. CONCLUSION: The present study shows that in the general population, there is a strong genetic effect for hand ROA and disc degeneration of the spine. The findings on the total number of joints affected at multiple sites suggest genetic susceptibility to generalized OA.  (+info)

Subperiosteal ganglion cyst of the tibia. A communication with the knee demonstrated by delayed arthrography. (7/458)

We report a patient with a subperiosteal ganglion cyst of the tibia which was imaged by radiography, arthrography, CT and MRI. The images were correlated with the arthroscopic surgical and histological findings. Spiculated formation of periosteal new bone on plain radiographs led to the initial suspicion of a malignant tumour. Demonstration of the cystic nature of the tumour using cross-sectional imaging was important for the precise diagnosis. Communication between the ganglion cyst and the knee was shown by a delayed arthrographic technique, and the presence of this communication was confirmed at arthroscopy and surgically.  (+info)

Placement of intra-articular injections verified by mini air-arthrography. (8/458)

OBJECTIVE: To develop and assess a simple, inexpensive method for ascertaining the placement of intra-articular injections for knee osteoarthritis METHODS: During a one year period patients with "dry" osteoarthritis of the knee who received intra-articular therapy were tested by air-arthrography. Along with triamcinolone and lignocaine (lidocaine), 5 ml of air was injected into the joint. On subsequent lateral and anterior-posterior radiographs a correct placement was verified by a sharply defined shadow of air in the suprapatellar pouch, while extra-articular air was diffusely spread in the surrounding tissue. RESULTS: In 51 of 56 cases the injection was correctly placed. In the remaining five cases the injection was immediately repeated and positioned within the joint. No adverse events were seen that could be ascribed to the use of air during the study, although bleeding in the quadriceps was seen one week after an extra-articular injection. CONCLUSION: With mini-air arthrography, it is possible to test the placement of intra-articular injections in knee joints. The method is proposed as a learning tool as well as providing a means of quality assurance in studies involving intra-articular injections.  (+info)

Arthrography is a medical imaging technique used to diagnose problems within joints. It involves the injection of a contrast agent, such as a radiopaque dye or air, into the joint space, followed by the use of fluoroscopy or X-ray imaging to visualize the internal structures of the joint. This can help to identify injuries, tears, or other abnormalities in the cartilage, ligaments, tendons, or bones within the joint.

The procedure is typically performed on an outpatient basis and may be used to diagnose conditions such as shoulder dislocations, rotator cuff tears, meniscal tears in the knee, or hip labral injuries. It is a relatively safe and minimally invasive procedure, although there may be some temporary discomfort or swelling at the injection site. Patients are usually advised to avoid strenuous activity for a day or two following the procedure to allow the contrast agent to fully dissipate from the joint.

The triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) is a structure located in the wrist, more specifically at the junction between the ulna bone of the forearm and the wrist bones (carpals). It consists of several components including:

* The triangular fibrocartilage disc: A piece of cartilage that provides shock absorption and helps to distribute forces across the wrist.
* The meniscal homologue: A small structure similar to a meniscus found in some other joints, which also helps with force distribution.
* The ulnar collateral ligament: A ligament that supports the medial (ulnar) side of the wrist.
* The extensor carpi ulnaris tendon sheath and subsynovial connective tissue: These structures provide stability to the TFCC and allow for smooth movement of the tendons in this area.

The primary function of the TFCC is to maintain the stability of the distal radioulnar joint (the joint between the ulna bone and one of the wrist bones) and to distribute loads transmitted across the wrist, particularly during rotational movements of the forearm. Injuries or degeneration of the TFCC can lead to pain, stiffness, and decreased grip strength in the affected wrist.

Arthroscopy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure where an orthopedic surgeon uses an arthroscope (a thin tube with a light and camera on the end) to diagnose and treat problems inside a joint. The surgeon makes a small incision, inserts the arthroscope into the joint, and then uses the attached camera to view the inside of the joint on a monitor. They can then insert other small instruments through additional incisions to repair or remove damaged tissue.

Arthroscopy is most commonly used for joints such as the knee, shoulder, hip, ankle, and wrist. It offers several advantages over traditional open surgery, including smaller incisions, less pain and bleeding, faster recovery time, and reduced risk of infection. The procedure can be used to diagnose and treat a wide range of conditions, including torn ligaments or cartilage, inflamed synovial tissue, loose bone or cartilage fragments, and joint damage caused by arthritis.

A Synovial Cyst is a type of benign cyst that typically develops in the synovium, which is the membrane that lines and lubricates joint capsules. These cysts are filled with synovial fluid, which is the same lubricating fluid found inside joints. They usually form as a result of degenerative changes, trauma, or underlying joint diseases such as osteoarthritis.

Synovial cysts commonly occur in the spine (particularly in the facet joints), but they can also develop in other areas of the body, including the knees, hips, and hands. While synovial cysts are generally not harmful, they may cause discomfort or pain if they press on nearby nerves or restrict movement in the affected joint. Treatment options for synovial cysts range from conservative measures like physical therapy and pain management to surgical intervention in severe cases.

Ioxaglic acid is not a medical term or a substance used in medicine. It seems that there might be some confusion with the term "iohexol," which is a type of radiocontrast agent containing ioxaglate meglumine, used in medical imaging procedures such as CT scans to improve visualization of internal structures and tissues.

Iohexol is a non-ionic, low-osmolar contrast medium that is less likely to cause adverse reactions compared to high-osmolar contrast media. It works by increasing the X-ray absorption of the area being imaged, making it easier for radiologists to interpret the images and make accurate diagnoses.

Therefore, if you meant "iohexol" instead of "ioxaglic acid," then here is the definition:

Iohexol (trade name Omnipaque) is a radiocontrast agent used in medical imaging procedures such as CT scans to improve visualization of internal structures and tissues. It is a non-ionic, low-osmolar contrast medium that reduces the risk of adverse reactions compared to high-osmolar contrast media. Iohexol works by increasing X-ray absorption in the area being imaged, making it easier for radiologists to interpret the images and make accurate diagnoses.

Shoulder dislocation is a medical condition where the head of the humerus (upper arm bone) gets displaced from its normal position in the glenoid fossa of the scapula (shoulder blade). This can occur anteriorly, posteriorly, or inferiorly, with anterior dislocations being the most common. It is usually caused by trauma or forceful movement and can result in pain, swelling, bruising, and limited range of motion in the shoulder joint. Immediate medical attention is required to relocate the joint and prevent further damage.

Articular ligaments, also known as fibrous ligaments, are bands of dense, fibrous connective tissue that connect and stabilize bones to each other at joints. They help to limit the range of motion of a joint and provide support, preventing excessive movement that could cause injury. Articular ligaments are composed mainly of collagen fibers arranged in a parallel pattern, making them strong and flexible. They have limited blood supply and few nerve endings, which makes them less prone to injury but also slower to heal if damaged. Examples of articular ligaments include the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) in the knee joint, and the medial collateral ligament (MCL) and lateral collateral ligament (LCL) in the elbow joint.

The shoulder joint, also known as the glenohumeral joint, is the most mobile joint in the human body. It is a ball and socket synovial joint that connects the head of the humerus (upper arm bone) to the glenoid cavity of the scapula (shoulder blade). The shoulder joint allows for a wide range of movements including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, and external rotation. It is surrounded by a group of muscles and tendons known as the rotator cuff that provide stability and enable smooth movement of the joint.

Hip injuries refer to damages or harm caused to the hip joint or its surrounding structures, including bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments, and cartilage. These injuries can occur due to various reasons such as falls, accidents, sports-related activities, or degenerative conditions. Common hip injuries include fractures, dislocations, strains, sprains, bursitis, and labral tears. Symptoms may include pain, swelling, bruising, stiffness, limited mobility, and inability to bear weight on the affected leg. Proper diagnosis and treatment are crucial to ensure optimal recovery and prevent long-term complications.

Congenital hip dislocation, also known as developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), is a condition where the hip joint fails to develop normally in utero or during early infancy. In a healthy hip, the head of the femur (thigh bone) fits snugly into the acetabulum (hip socket). However, in congenital hip dislocation, the femoral head is not held firmly in place within the acetabulum due to abnormal development or laxity of the ligaments that support the joint.

There are two types of congenital hip dislocations:

1. Teratologic dislocation: This type is present at birth and occurs due to abnormalities in the development of the hip joint during fetal growth. The femoral head may be completely outside the acetabulum or partially dislocated.

2. Developmental dysplasia: This type develops after birth, often within the first few months of life, as a result of ligamentous laxity and shallow acetabulum. In some cases, it can progress to a complete hip dislocation if left untreated.

Risk factors for congenital hip dislocation include family history, breech presentation during delivery, and female gender. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent long-term complications such as pain, limited mobility, and osteoarthritis. Treatment options may include bracing, closed reduction, or surgical intervention, depending on the severity and age of the child at diagnosis.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Pneumoradiography" is not a recognized term in the field of medicine or radiology. It seems that there might be a mix-up with the terminologies.

However, you may be referring to "Pneumonic Radiography," which means a chest X-ray used to diagnose pneumonia. Pneumonia is an infection or inflammation of the lung tissue, and a chest X-ray can help identify areas of increased density in the lungs that could indicate the presence of pneumonia.

If you meant something else, please provide more context or clarify your question, and I would be happy to help further.

The acetabulum is the cup-shaped cavity in the pelvic bone (specifically, the os coxa) where the head of the femur bone articulates to form the hip joint. It provides a stable and flexible connection between the lower limb and the trunk, allowing for a wide range of movements such as flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, and circumduction. The acetabulum is lined with articular cartilage, which facilitates smooth and frictionless movement of the hip joint. Its stability is further enhanced by various ligaments, muscles, and the labrum, a fibrocartilaginous rim that deepens the socket and increases its contact area with the femoral head.

The rotator cuff is a group of four muscles and their tendons that attach to the shoulder blade (scapula) and help stabilize and move the shoulder joint. These muscles are the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis. The rotator cuff helps to keep the head of the humerus (upper arm bone) centered in the glenoid fossa (shoulder socket), providing stability during shoulder movements. It also allows for rotation and elevation of the arm. Rotator cuff injuries or conditions, such as tears or tendinitis, can cause pain and limit shoulder function.

Iohexol is a non-ionic, water-soluble contrast medium primarily used in radiographic imaging procedures such as computed tomography (CT) scans and angiography. It belongs to a class of medications known as radiocontrast agents. Iohexol works by increasing the X-ray absorption of body tissues, making them more visible on X-ray images. This helps healthcare professionals to better diagnose and assess various medical conditions, including injuries, tumors, and vascular diseases.

The chemical structure of iohexol consists of an iodine atom surrounded by organic molecules, which makes it safe for intravenous administration. It is eliminatted from the body primarily through urinary excretion. Iohexol has a low risk of allergic reactions compared to ionic contrast media and is generally well-tolerated in patients with normal renal function. However, its use should be avoided or closely monitored in individuals with impaired kidney function, as it may increase the risk of nephrotoxicity.

Wrist injuries refer to damages or traumas affecting the structures of the wrist, including bones, ligaments, tendons, muscles, and cartilage. These injuries can occur due to various reasons such as falls, accidents, sports-related impacts, or repetitive stress. Common types of wrist injuries include fractures (such as scaphoid fracture), sprains (like ligament tears), strains (involving muscles or tendons), dislocations, and carpal tunnel syndrome. Symptoms may include pain, swelling, tenderness, bruising, limited mobility, and in severe cases, deformity or numbness. Immediate medical attention is necessary for proper diagnosis and treatment to ensure optimal recovery and prevent long-term complications.

The hip joint, also known as the coxal joint, is a ball-and-socket type synovial joint that connects the femur (thigh bone) to the pelvis. The "ball" is the head of the femur, while the "socket" is the acetabulum, a concave surface on the pelvic bone.

The hip joint is surrounded by a strong fibrous capsule and is reinforced by several ligaments, including the iliofemoral, ischiofemoral, and pubofemoral ligaments. The joint allows for flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial and lateral rotation, and circumduction movements, making it one of the most mobile joints in the body.

The hip joint is also supported by various muscles, including the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, iliopsoas, and other hip flexors and extensors. These muscles provide stability and strength to the joint, allowing for weight-bearing activities such as walking, running, and jumping.

Iothalamate Meglumine is not a medical condition, but rather a diagnostic contrast agent used in various imaging studies such as computed tomography (CT) scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) exams. Iothalamate Meglumine is a type of radiocontrast medium that contains iodine atoms which help to enhance the visibility of internal structures during these imaging tests.

The medical definition of Iothalamate Meglumine is:

A radiocontrast agent used in diagnostic imaging, specifically in CT scans and MR urography exams. It contains iodine atoms that help to improve the contrast and visibility of internal structures such as the urinary tract. Iothalamate Meglumine is typically administered intravenously or instilled directly into the bladder.

It's important to note that while Iothalamate Meglumine is generally considered safe, it can cause allergic reactions or kidney damage in some individuals, particularly those with pre-existing kidney disease or diabetes. Therefore, it's essential to inform your healthcare provider of any medical conditions or allergies before undergoing an imaging exam that involves the use of this contrast agent.

The metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint is the joint in the foot where the metatarsal bones of the foot (the long bones behind the toes) connect with the proximal phalanges of the toes. It's a synovial joint, which means it's surrounded by a capsule containing synovial fluid to allow for smooth movement. The MTP joint is responsible for allowing the flexion and extension movements of the toes, and is important for maintaining balance and pushing off during walking and running. Issues with the MTP joint can lead to conditions such as hallux valgus (bunions) or hammertoe.

The femoral head is the rounded, ball-like top portion of the femur (thigh bone) that fits into the hip socket (acetabulum) to form the hip joint. It has a smooth, articular cartilage surface that allows for smooth and stable articulation with the pelvis. The femoral head is connected to the femoral neck, which is a narrower section of bone that angles downward and leads into the shaft of the femur. Together, the femoral head and neck provide stability and range of motion to the hip joint.

A hip dislocation is a medical emergency that occurs when the head of the femur (thighbone) slips out of its socket in the pelvis. This can happen due to high-energy trauma, such as a car accident or a severe fall. Hip dislocations can also occur in people with certain health conditions that make their hips more prone to displacement, such as developmental dysplasia of the hip.

There are two main types of hip dislocations: posterior and anterior. In a posterior dislocation, the femur head moves out of the back of the socket, which is the most common type. In an anterior dislocation, the femur head moves out of the front of the socket. Both types of hip dislocations can cause severe pain, swelling, and difficulty moving the affected leg.

Immediate medical attention is necessary for a hip dislocation to realign the bones and prevent further damage. Treatment typically involves sedation or anesthesia to relax the muscles around the joint, followed by a closed reduction procedure to gently guide the femur head back into the socket. In some cases, surgery may be required to repair any associated injuries, such as fractures or damaged ligaments. After treatment, physical therapy and rehabilitation are usually necessary to restore strength, mobility, and function to the affected hip joint.

Joint diseases is a broad term that refers to various conditions affecting the joints, including but not limited to:

1. Osteoarthritis (OA): A degenerative joint disease characterized by the breakdown of cartilage and underlying bone, leading to pain, stiffness, and potential loss of function.
2. Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): An autoimmune disorder causing inflammation in the synovial membrane lining the joints, resulting in swelling, pain, and joint damage if left untreated.
3. Infectious Arthritis: Joint inflammation caused by bacterial, viral, or fungal infections that spread through the bloodstream or directly enter the joint space.
4. Gout: A type of arthritis resulting from the buildup of uric acid crystals in the joints, typically affecting the big toe and characterized by sudden attacks of severe pain, redness, and swelling.
5. Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA): An inflammatory joint disease associated with psoriasis, causing symptoms such as pain, stiffness, and swelling in the joints and surrounding tissues.
6. Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA): A group of chronic arthritis conditions affecting children, characterized by joint inflammation, pain, and stiffness.
7. Ankylosing Spondylitis: A form of arthritis primarily affecting the spine, causing inflammation, pain, and potential fusion of spinal vertebrae.
8. Bursitis: Inflammation of the fluid-filled sacs (bursae) that cushion joints, leading to pain and swelling.
9. Tendinitis: Inflammation or degeneration of tendons, which connect muscles to bones, often resulting in pain and stiffness near joints.

These conditions can impact the function and mobility of affected joints, causing discomfort and limiting daily activities. Proper diagnosis and treatment are essential for managing joint diseases and preserving joint health.

In anatomical terms, the shoulder refers to the complex joint of the human body that connects the upper limb to the trunk. It is formed by the union of three bones: the clavicle (collarbone), scapula (shoulder blade), and humerus (upper arm bone). The shoulder joint is a ball-and-socket type of synovial joint, allowing for a wide range of movements such as flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, and external rotation.

The shoulder complex includes not only the glenohumeral joint but also other structures that contribute to its movement and stability, including:

1. The acromioclavicular (AC) joint: where the clavicle meets the acromion process of the scapula.
2. The coracoclavicular (CC) ligament: connects the coracoid process of the scapula to the clavicle, providing additional stability to the AC joint.
3. The rotator cuff: a group of four muscles (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis) that surround and reinforce the shoulder joint, contributing to its stability and range of motion.
4. The biceps tendon: originates from the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula and passes through the shoulder joint, helping with flexion, supination, and stability.
5. Various ligaments and capsular structures that provide additional support and limit excessive movement in the shoulder joint.

The shoulder is a remarkable joint due to its wide range of motion, but this also makes it susceptible to injuries and disorders such as dislocations, subluxations, sprains, strains, tendinitis, bursitis, and degenerative conditions like osteoarthritis. Proper care, exercise, and maintenance are essential for maintaining shoulder health and function throughout one's life.

Intra-articular injections refer to the administration of medication directly into a joint space. This route of administration is used for treating various joint conditions such as inflammation, pain, and arthritis. Commonly injected medications include corticosteroids, local anesthetics, and viscosupplementation agents. The procedure is usually performed using imaging guidance, like ultrasound or fluoroscopy, to ensure accurate placement of the medication within the joint.

Medical Definition:

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive diagnostic imaging technique that uses a strong magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed cross-sectional or three-dimensional images of the internal structures of the body. The patient lies within a large, cylindrical magnet, and the scanner detects changes in the direction of the magnetic field caused by protons in the body. These changes are then converted into detailed images that help medical professionals to diagnose and monitor various medical conditions, such as tumors, injuries, or diseases affecting the brain, spinal cord, heart, blood vessels, joints, and other internal organs. MRI does not use radiation like computed tomography (CT) scans.

In medical terms, the "groin" refers to the area where the lower abdomen meets the thigh. It is located on both sides of the body, in front of the upper part of each leg. The groin contains several important structures such as the inguinal canal, which contains blood vessels and nerves, and the femoral artery and vein, which supply blood to and from the lower extremities. Issues in this region, such as pain or swelling, may indicate a variety of medical conditions, including muscle strains, hernias, or infections.

Technetium Tc 99m Medronate is a radiopharmaceutical agent used in nuclear medicine for bone scintigraphy. It is a technetium-labeled bisphosphonate compound, which accumulates in areas of increased bone turnover and metabolism. This makes it useful for detecting and evaluating various bone diseases and conditions, such as fractures, tumors, infections, and arthritis.

The "Tc 99m" refers to the radioisotope technetium-99m, which has a half-life of approximately 6 hours and emits gamma rays that can be detected by a gamma camera. The medronate component is a bisphosphonate molecule that binds to hydroxyapatite crystals in bone tissue, allowing the radiolabeled compound to accumulate in areas of active bone remodeling.

Overall, Technetium Tc 99m Medronate is an important tool in nuclear medicine for diagnosing and managing various musculoskeletal disorders.

Interventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique that combines the diagnostic capabilities of MRI with minimally invasive image-guided procedures. It uses a strong magnetic field, radio waves, and computer software to produce detailed images of the body's internal structures and soft tissues.

In interventional MRI, the technology is used in real-time to guide the placement of needles, catheters, or other medical instruments for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. This can include biopsies, tumor ablations, or targeted drug deliveries. The primary advantage of interventional MRI over traditional interventional radiology techniques is its ability to provide high-resolution imaging without the use of radiation, making it a safer option for certain patients. However, it requires specialized equipment and trained personnel to perform these procedures.

Tendon injuries, also known as tendinopathies, refer to the damage or injury of tendons, which are strong bands of tissue that connect muscles to bones. Tendon injuries typically occur due to overuse or repetitive motion, causing micro-tears in the tendon fibers. The most common types of tendon injuries include tendinitis, which is inflammation of the tendon, and tendinosis, which is degeneration of the tendon's collagen.

Tendon injuries can cause pain, swelling, stiffness, and limited mobility in the affected area. The severity of the injury can vary from mild discomfort to severe pain that makes it difficult to move the affected joint. Treatment for tendon injuries may include rest, ice, compression, elevation (RICE) therapy, physical therapy, medication, or in some cases, surgery. Preventing tendon injuries involves warming up properly before exercise, using proper form and technique during physical activity, gradually increasing the intensity and duration of workouts, and taking regular breaks to rest and recover.

Articular cartilage is the smooth, white tissue that covers the ends of bones where they come together to form joints. It provides a cushion between bones and allows for smooth movement by reducing friction. Articular cartilage also absorbs shock and distributes loads evenly across the joint, protecting the bones from damage. It is avascular, meaning it does not have its own blood supply, and relies on the surrounding synovial fluid for nutrients. Over time, articular cartilage can wear down or become damaged due to injury or disease, leading to conditions such as osteoarthritis.

A rupture, in medical terms, refers to the breaking or tearing of an organ, tissue, or structure in the body. This can occur due to various reasons such as trauma, injury, increased pressure, or degeneration. A ruptured organ or structure can lead to serious complications, including internal bleeding, infection, and even death, if not treated promptly and appropriately. Examples of ruptures include a ruptured appendix, ruptured eardrum, or a ruptured disc in the spine.

Knee injuries refer to damages or harm caused to the structures surrounding or within the knee joint, which may include the bones (femur, tibia, and patella), cartilage (meniscus and articular cartilage), ligaments (ACL, PCL, MCL, and LCL), tendons (patellar and quadriceps), muscles, bursae, and other soft tissues. These injuries can result from various causes, such as trauma, overuse, degeneration, or sports-related activities. Symptoms may include pain, swelling, stiffness, instability, reduced range of motion, and difficulty walking or bearing weight on the affected knee. Common knee injuries include fractures, dislocations, meniscal tears, ligament sprains or ruptures, and tendonitis. Proper diagnosis and treatment are crucial to ensure optimal recovery and prevent long-term complications.

The menisci are crescent-shaped fibrocartilaginous structures located in the knee joint. There are two menisci in each knee: the medial meniscus and the lateral meniscus. The tibial menisci, also known as the medial and lateral menisci, are named according to their location in the knee joint. They lie on the top surface of the tibia (shin bone) and provide shock absorption, stability, and lubrication to the knee joint.

The tibial menisci have a complex shape, with a wider outer portion called the peripheral rim and a narrower inner portion called the central portion or root attachment. The menisci are attached to the bones of the knee joint by ligaments and have a rich blood supply in their outer portions, which helps in healing after injury. However, the inner two-thirds of the menisci have a poor blood supply, making them more prone to degeneration and less likely to heal after injury.

Damage to the tibial menisci can occur due to trauma or degenerative changes, leading to symptoms such as pain, swelling, stiffness, and limited mobility of the knee joint. Treatment for meniscal injuries may include physical therapy, bracing, or surgery, depending on the severity and location of the injury.

Sensitivity and specificity are statistical measures used to describe the performance of a diagnostic test or screening tool in identifying true positive and true negative results.

* Sensitivity refers to the proportion of people who have a particular condition (true positives) who are correctly identified by the test. It is also known as the "true positive rate" or "recall." A highly sensitive test will identify most or all of the people with the condition, but may also produce more false positives.
* Specificity refers to the proportion of people who do not have a particular condition (true negatives) who are correctly identified by the test. It is also known as the "true negative rate." A highly specific test will identify most or all of the people without the condition, but may also produce more false negatives.

In medical testing, both sensitivity and specificity are important considerations when evaluating a diagnostic test. High sensitivity is desirable for screening tests that aim to identify as many cases of a condition as possible, while high specificity is desirable for confirmatory tests that aim to rule out the condition in people who do not have it.

It's worth noting that sensitivity and specificity are often influenced by factors such as the prevalence of the condition in the population being tested, the threshold used to define a positive result, and the reliability and validity of the test itself. Therefore, it's important to consider these factors when interpreting the results of a diagnostic test.

Contrast media are substances that are administered to a patient in order to improve the visibility of internal body structures or processes in medical imaging techniques such as X-rays, CT scans, MRI scans, and ultrasounds. These media can be introduced into the body through various routes, including oral, rectal, or intravenous administration.

Contrast media work by altering the appearance of bodily structures in imaging studies. For example, when a patient undergoes an X-ray examination, contrast media can be used to highlight specific organs, tissues, or blood vessels, making them more visible on the resulting images. In CT and MRI scans, contrast media can help to enhance the differences between normal and abnormal tissues, allowing for more accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.

There are several types of contrast media available, each with its own specific properties and uses. Some common examples include barium sulfate, which is used as a contrast medium in X-ray studies of the gastrointestinal tract, and iodinated contrast media, which are commonly used in CT scans to highlight blood vessels and other structures.

While contrast media are generally considered safe, they can sometimes cause adverse reactions, ranging from mild symptoms such as nausea or hives to more serious complications such as anaphylaxis or kidney damage. As a result, it is important for healthcare providers to carefully evaluate each patient's medical history and individual risk factors before administering contrast media.

Colloids are a type of mixture that contains particles that are intermediate in size between those found in solutions and suspensions. These particles range in size from about 1 to 1000 nanometers in diameter, which is smaller than what can be seen with the naked eye, but larger than the molecules in a solution.

Colloids are created when one substance, called the dispersed phase, is dispersed in another substance, called the continuous phase. The dispersed phase can consist of particles such as proteins, emulsified fats, or finely divided solids, while the continuous phase is usually a liquid, but can also be a gas or a solid.

Colloids are important in many areas of medicine and biology, including drug delivery, diagnostic imaging, and tissue engineering. They are also found in nature, such as in milk, blood, and fog. The properties of colloids can be affected by factors such as pH, temperature, and the presence of other substances, which can influence their stability and behavior.

The wrist joint, also known as the radiocarpal joint, is a condyloid joint that connects the distal end of the radius bone in the forearm to the proximal row of carpal bones in the hand (scaphoid, lunate, and triquetral bones). It allows for flexion, extension, radial deviation, and ulnar deviation movements of the hand. The wrist joint is surrounded by a capsule and reinforced by several ligaments that provide stability and strength to the joint.

X-ray computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) is a medical imaging method that uses computer-processed combinations of many X-ray images taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional (tomographic) images (virtual "slices") of the body. These cross-sectional images can then be used to display detailed internal views of organs, bones, and soft tissues in the body.

The term "computed tomography" is used instead of "CT scan" or "CAT scan" because the machines take a series of X-ray measurements from different angles around the body and then use a computer to process these data to create detailed images of internal structures within the body.

CT scanning is a noninvasive, painless medical test that helps physicians diagnose and treat medical conditions. CT imaging provides detailed information about many types of tissue including lung, bone, soft tissue and blood vessels. CT examinations can be performed on every part of the body for a variety of reasons including diagnosis, surgical planning, and monitoring of therapeutic responses.

In computed tomography (CT), an X-ray source and detector rotate around the patient, measuring the X-ray attenuation at many different angles. A computer uses this data to construct a cross-sectional image by the process of reconstruction. This technique is called "tomography". The term "computed" refers to the use of a computer to reconstruct the images.

CT has become an important tool in medical imaging and diagnosis, allowing radiologists and other physicians to view detailed internal images of the body. It can help identify many different medical conditions including cancer, heart disease, lung nodules, liver tumors, and internal injuries from trauma. CT is also commonly used for guiding biopsies and other minimally invasive procedures.

In summary, X-ray computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) is a medical imaging technique that uses computer-processed combinations of many X-ray images taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional images of the body. It provides detailed internal views of organs, bones, and soft tissues in the body, allowing physicians to diagnose and treat medical conditions.

In the medical field, cementation refers to the process of using a type of dental cement or bonding agent to attach a dental restoration (such as a crown, bridge, or false tooth) to a natural tooth or implant. The cement helps to create a strong and secure attachment, while also helping to seal the restoration and prevent the entry of bacteria and saliva.

Dental cement can be made from various materials, including glass ionomers, resin-modified glass ionomers, zinc phosphate, and polycarboxylate cements. The choice of cement depends on several factors, such as the type of restoration being attached, the location in the mouth, and the patient's individual needs and preferences.

Cementation is an important step in many dental procedures, as it helps to ensure the longevity and success of the restoration. Proper technique and material selection are crucial for achieving a successful cementation that will last for years to come.

The "subtraction technique" is not a widely recognized or established term in medical terminology. It may refer to various methods used in different medical contexts that involve subtracting or comparing measurements, values, or observations to diagnose, monitor, or treat medical conditions. However, without more specific context, it's difficult to provide an accurate medical definition of the term.

In radiology, for example, the subtraction technique is a method used in imaging to enhance the visibility of certain structures by digitally subtracting one image from another. This technique is often used in angiography to visualize blood vessels more clearly.

Therefore, it's essential to provide more context or specify the medical field when using the term "subtraction technique" to ensure accurate communication and understanding.

Indium radioisotopes refer to specific types of radioactive indium atoms, which are unstable and emit radiation as they decay. Indium is a chemical element with the symbol In and atomic number 49. Its radioisotopes are often used in medical imaging and therapy due to their unique properties.

For instance, one commonly used indium radioisotope is Indium-111 (^111In), which has a half-life of approximately 2.8 days. It emits gamma rays, making it useful for diagnostic imaging techniques such as single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). In clinical applications, indium-111 is often attached to specific molecules or antibodies that target particular cells or tissues in the body, allowing medical professionals to monitor biological processes and identify diseases like cancer.

Another example is Indium-113m (^113mIn), which has a half-life of about 99 minutes. It emits low-energy gamma rays and is used as a source for in vivo counting, typically in the form of indium chloride (InCl3) solution. This radioisotope can be used to measure blood flow, ventilation, and other physiological parameters.

It's important to note that handling and using radioisotopes require proper training and safety measures due to their ionizing radiation properties.

The knee joint, also known as the tibiofemoral joint, is the largest and one of the most complex joints in the human body. It is a synovial joint that connects the thighbone (femur) to the shinbone (tibia). The patella (kneecap), which is a sesamoid bone, is located in front of the knee joint and helps in the extension of the leg.

The knee joint is made up of three articulations: the femorotibial joint between the femur and tibia, the femoropatellar joint between the femur and patella, and the tibiofibular joint between the tibia and fibula. These articulations are surrounded by a fibrous capsule that encloses the synovial membrane, which secretes synovial fluid to lubricate the joint.

The knee joint is stabilized by several ligaments, including the medial and lateral collateral ligaments, which provide stability to the sides of the joint, and the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments, which prevent excessive forward and backward movement of the tibia relative to the femur. The menisci, which are C-shaped fibrocartilaginous structures located between the femoral condyles and tibial plateaus, also help to stabilize the joint by absorbing shock and distributing weight evenly across the articular surfaces.

The knee joint allows for flexion, extension, and a small amount of rotation, making it essential for activities such as walking, running, jumping, and sitting.

A cadaver is a deceased body that is used for medical research or education. In the field of medicine, cadavers are often used in anatomy lessons, surgical training, and other forms of medical research. The use of cadavers allows medical professionals to gain a deeper understanding of the human body and its various systems without causing harm to living subjects. Cadavers may be donated to medical schools or obtained through other means, such as through consent of the deceased or their next of kin. It is important to handle and treat cadavers with respect and dignity, as they were once living individuals who deserve to be treated with care even in death.

The Predictive Value of Tests, specifically the Positive Predictive Value (PPV) and Negative Predictive Value (NPV), are measures used in diagnostic tests to determine the probability that a positive or negative test result is correct.

Positive Predictive Value (PPV) is the proportion of patients with a positive test result who actually have the disease. It is calculated as the number of true positives divided by the total number of positive results (true positives + false positives). A higher PPV indicates that a positive test result is more likely to be a true positive, and therefore the disease is more likely to be present.

Negative Predictive Value (NPV) is the proportion of patients with a negative test result who do not have the disease. It is calculated as the number of true negatives divided by the total number of negative results (true negatives + false negatives). A higher NPV indicates that a negative test result is more likely to be a true negative, and therefore the disease is less likely to be present.

The predictive value of tests depends on the prevalence of the disease in the population being tested, as well as the sensitivity and specificity of the test. A test with high sensitivity and specificity will generally have higher predictive values than a test with low sensitivity and specificity. However, even a highly sensitive and specific test can have low predictive values if the prevalence of the disease is low in the population being tested.

Prosthesis failure is a term used to describe a situation where a prosthetic device, such as an artificial joint or limb, has stopped functioning or failed to meet its intended purpose. This can be due to various reasons, including mechanical failure, infection, loosening of the device, or a reaction to the materials used in the prosthesis.

Mechanical failure can occur due to wear and tear, manufacturing defects, or improper use of the prosthetic device. Infection can also lead to prosthesis failure, particularly in cases where the prosthesis is implanted inside the body. The immune system may react to the presence of the foreign material, leading to inflammation and infection.

Loosening of the prosthesis can also cause it to fail over time, as the device becomes less stable and eventually stops working properly. Additionally, some people may have a reaction to the materials used in the prosthesis, leading to tissue damage or other complications that can result in prosthesis failure.

In general, prosthesis failure can lead to decreased mobility, pain, and the need for additional surgeries or treatments to correct the problem. It is important for individuals with prosthetic devices to follow their healthcare provider's instructions carefully to minimize the risk of prosthesis failure and ensure that the device continues to function properly over time.

A hip prosthesis, also known as a total hip replacement, is a surgical implant designed to replace the damaged or diseased components of the human hip joint. The procedure involves replacing the femoral head (the ball at the top of the thigh bone) and the acetabulum (the socket in the pelvis) with artificial parts, typically made from materials such as metal, ceramic, or plastic.

The goal of a hip prosthesis is to relieve pain, improve joint mobility, and restore function, allowing patients to return to their normal activities and enjoy an improved quality of life. The procedure is most commonly performed in individuals with advanced osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or other degenerative conditions that have caused significant damage to the hip joint.

There are several different types of hip prostheses available, each with its own unique design and set of benefits and risks. The choice of prosthesis will depend on a variety of factors, including the patient's age, activity level, overall health, and specific medical needs. In general, however, all hip prostheses are designed to provide a durable, long-lasting solution for patients suffering from debilitating joint pain and stiffness.

Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage. It is a complex phenomenon that can result from various stimuli, such as thermal, mechanical, or chemical irritation, and it can be acute or chronic. The perception of pain involves the activation of specialized nerve cells called nociceptors, which transmit signals to the brain via the spinal cord. These signals are then processed in different regions of the brain, leading to the conscious experience of pain. It's important to note that pain is a highly individual and subjective experience, and its perception can vary widely among individuals.

Reproducibility of results in a medical context refers to the ability to obtain consistent and comparable findings when a particular experiment or study is repeated, either by the same researcher or by different researchers, following the same experimental protocol. It is an essential principle in scientific research that helps to ensure the validity and reliability of research findings.

In medical research, reproducibility of results is crucial for establishing the effectiveness and safety of new treatments, interventions, or diagnostic tools. It involves conducting well-designed studies with adequate sample sizes, appropriate statistical analyses, and transparent reporting of methods and findings to allow other researchers to replicate the study and confirm or refute the results.

The lack of reproducibility in medical research has become a significant concern in recent years, as several high-profile studies have failed to produce consistent findings when replicated by other researchers. This has led to increased scrutiny of research practices and a call for greater transparency, rigor, and standardization in the conduct and reporting of medical research.

Hydrodilatation or distension arthrography is controversial. However, some studies show that arthrographic distension may play ...
Coronal CT-arthrography (d) showing ligamentum teres tear. MR arthrography has proven superior in accuracy when compared to ... Due to the submillimeter resolution of MDCT arthrography, many authors consider this technique complementary to MR arthrography ... MR arthrography has demonstrated sensitivity over 90% and specificity close to 100% in detecting labral tears. Loose bodies are ... MR arthrography can also demonstrate ligamentum teres rupture or capsular laxity, which are debated causes of microinstability ...
"Air arthrography in lesions of the semilunar cartilages". British Journal of Surgery. 30 (119): 241-245. doi:10.1002/bjs. ...
The conventional invasive arthrography is nowadays being replaced by the non-invasive MRI and ultrasound, and is used as an ... Palmer, W E; Brown, J H; Rosenthal, D I (1993). "Rotator cuff: Evaluation with fat-suppressed MR arthrography". Radiology. 188 ...
Diagnostic modalities, dependent on circumstances, include X-ray, MRI, MR arthrography, double-contrast arthrography, and ... Although MR arthrography is currently considered the gold standard, ultrasound may be most cost-effective. Usually, a tear will ... Double-contrast arthrography involves injecting contrast dye into the shoulder joint to detect leakage out of the injured ... Again, magnetic resonance arthrography can improve the differentiation. An overall sensitivity of 91% (9% false negative rate) ...
Arthrography: a dye is injected into the wrist joint. If there is a TFCC lesion the dye will leak from one joint compartment to ...
Shoulder arthrography can be used to study tears of the rotator cuff, glenoid labrum and biceps. The type of contrast injected ... MR arthrography is most often used in evaluation of the hip and acetabular labrum, of the shoulder rotator cuff and glenoid ... Double-contrast arthrography can be used for more anatomically complex cases, though its use is relatively infrequent. The ... R. Crim, Julia (2009), Specialty Imaging: Arthrography: Principles and Practice in Radiology, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, ...
Findings at Magnetic Resonance Arthrography". Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery. 29 (10): 1615-1622. ...
The lesion is best identified on MR arthrography. Additional views in ABER (ABduction and External Rotation) of the shoulder ...
MR arthrography with arthroscopic correlation". American Journal of Roentgenology. 172 (1): 171-5. doi:10.2214/ajr.172.1. ...
In comparison to a checking MR Arthrography Strobel K. et al. has arrived at the conclusion that through THI it is possible to ...
It is used in clinical diagnostics including arthrography, angiocardiography and urography. "Drug Information Portal - U.S. ...
Ultrasonography, arthrography and MRI can be used to detect rotator cuff muscle pathology. MRI is the best imaging test prior ...
This technique has replaced previous arthrography, which involved injecting contrast medium into the joint space. In ...
MR Arthrography, and MR Bursography-Initial Results in 48 Cadaveric Joints". Radiology. 227 (1): 175-182. doi:10.1148/radiol. ...
... or hydraulic arthrographic capsular distension or distension arthrography is a medical treatment for adhesive ...
Like CT arthrography, MR with gadolinium may be used to detect intra-articular bodies that have not yet calcified.[citation ...
Twelve varieties of SLAP lesion have been described, with initial diagnosis by MRI or arthrography and confirmation by direct ...
"Classification of Middle Phalangeal Postaxial Polysyndactyly Based on Intraoperative Arthrography Is Useful for Surgical ...
Arthrography and venography using imaging dyes allow for the detection of popliteal cysts and the exclusion of thrombotic ... arthrography, venography magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computerised axial tomography (CAT scan).[citation needed] ...
Arthrography of shoulder joint (with or without computed tomography) is performed by injecting contrast below and lateral to ...
... arthrography (imaging of the joints), endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP; imaging of bile and pancreatic duct ...
Commonly used techniques include; Arthrography, blood tests and bone scans, Computed Tomography (CT scans) and intrathecal ...
1 January 2009), Weissman, Barbara N. (ed.), "Chapter 5 - Arthrography and Injection Procedures", Imaging of Arthritis and ...
... arthrography (joints), hysterosalpingography (uterus and Fallopian tubes), and imaging of the cranium and the whole body. It is ...
X-rays, arthrography, ultrasonography, CT imaging and MRI imaging are also helpful in diagnosing this condition[citation needed ...
Uses include angiography (imaging of blood vessels, including those of the brain and heart), arthrography (imaging of joints), ... or for arthrography if the joint is infected. Adverse effects include reactions at the injection site, such as a hot or painful ...
... arthrography MeSH E01.370.350.700.150 - cineradiography MeSH E01.370.350.700.150.190 - cineangiography MeSH E01.370.350.700.175 ...
This study evaluated the authors experience with magnetic resonance arthrography and proposed diagnostic algorithms. ... Read more about Accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Arthrography in Detecting Rotator Cuff Tears ...
... (arthrogram) is a contrast-enhanced study used to visualize the interior of joints in a very detailed way. ... Home , Exams & Services , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , MR Arthrography. MR arthrography (arthrogram) is a contrast-enhanced ... MR arthrography may be able to visualize some structures better than other joint imaging methods. ... Even if joint surgery is eventually required, MR arthrography gives surgeons more detailed information about the joint prior to ...
Results: On MR arthrography, labral tears were found in 66 patients (66% prevalence) with 13 having more than one location ... locking and giving way underwent MR arthrography of the hip to rule out a labral tear. Hip joints were evaluated for labral ...
CT arthrography (CTA), and magnetic resonance arthrography (MRA).. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective descriptive study.. STUDY ... CT arthrography (CTA), and magnetic resonance arthrography (MRA).. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective descriptive study.. STUDY ... CONCLUSION: Arthrography improved the capabilities of MRI but not of CT for visualization of the canine carpal ligaments. ... CONCLUSION: Arthrography improved the capabilities of MRI but not of CT for visualization of the canine carpal ligaments. ...
An arthrography takes images of joints using a fluoroscope and contrast material. Sometimes an MRI is also used. This test can ...
The objective of this methods comparison study was to compare computed tomographic arthrography (CTA), magnetic resonance ... Correlation Of Articular Cartilage Thickness Measurements Made With Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Arthrography ... And Computed Tomographic Arthrography With Gross Articular Cartilage Thickness In The Equine Metacarpophalangeal Joint. ... imaging (MRI), and magnetic resonance arthrography (MRA) measurements of articular cartilage thickness with gross measurements ...
... is a type of imaging test used to look at a joint, such as the shoulder, knee, or hip. It may be done if standard ...
... is a type of X-ray that examines and diagnoses abnormalities in the joints. ... Arthrography. Arthrography is an X-ray that examines and diagnoses abnormalities in the joints. ...
arthrography Osteochondritis Dissecans (OCD) - Defective Cartilage in Young Dogs. 2017-09-04. by CriticalCareDVM ... Posted in: Diseases Tagged: ankle, arthrography, arthroscopy, arthrotomy, cartilage, elbow, endochondral ossification, flap, ...
Arthrography is a type of imaging test used to look at a joint, such as the shoulder, knee, or hip. It may be done if standard ...
Northwestern Medicine® is a trademark of Northwestern Memorial HealthCare, used by Northwestern University.. ...
Quantitative magnetic resonance arthrography in patients with femoroacetabular impingement. Michael A. Samaan, Alan L. Zhang, ... Quantitative magnetic resonance arthrography in patients with femoroacetabular impingement. / Samaan, Michael A.; Zhang, Alan L ... Thus the purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and use of QMRI during MR-arthrography (MRA) in femoracetabular ... Quantitative magnetic resonance arthrography in patients with femoroacetabular impingement. In: Journal of Magnetic Resonance ...
Arthrography/arthroscopy is used very selectively but is often considered the gold standard. [20] Arthrography is a sensitive ... Double-contrast arthrography, or more specifically, dual-space, double-contrast arthrography, is technically more difficult to ... The objective of arthrography is to evaluate disc function during opening and closing maneuvers of the jaw. If the disc is ... Arthrography can be performed as a single-contrast examination in which iodinated contrast is injected into one or both of the ...
Arthrography is used to capture images of your joints to observe soft tissues such as tendons, ligaments, muscles, cartilage ...
... - ⭐ Top Doctors ⚕️No. 1 Hospital Group in Italy Advanced Equipment ... Magnetic resonance arthrography is a third-line imaging modality, which consists in the injection of contrast agents in the ... magnetic resonance arthrography), which has the further advantage of evaluating in detail the articular space and detecting ...
Lydiatt D, Kaplan P, Tu H, Sleder P. Morbidity associated with temporomandibular joint arthrography in clinically normal joints ... Lydiatt, D, Kaplan, P, Tu, H & Sleder, P 1986, Morbidity associated with temporomandibular joint arthrography in clinically ... Morbidity associated with temporomandibular joint arthrography in clinically normal joints. In: Journal of Oral and ... Morbidity associated with temporomandibular joint arthrography in clinically normal joints. Daniel Lydiatt, Phoebe Kaplan, ...
Arthrogram and Arthrography. An arthrogram is an X-ray examination of a bone joint. This examination is commonly performed on ...
Arthrography (pronounced arr-THRAHG-ruh-fee) is one form of imaging that can be useful, however. In arthrography, a dye is ... Arthrography:. An imaging technique in which a dye is injected into a joint to make X-ray pictures of the inside of the joint ... Arthrography- An imaging technique that is sometimes used to evaluate TMJ associated with internal derangement. ... Arthrography can be used to evaluate the movement of the jaw and the disc as well as size and shape, and to evaluate the ...
Arthrography * Disease Progression * Female * Gingiva / pathology * Gingival Diseases / complications* * Gingival Diseases / ...
Direct Arthrography (American College of Radiology; Radiological Society of North America) Also in Spanish ...
Cerebral air embolism after arthrography of the ankle Marcella C.A. Müller, Sjoerd M. Lagarde, [...] Menno R. Germans, Nicole P ... Cerebral air embolism after arthrography of the ankle Marcella C.A. Müller, Sjoerd M. Lagarde, Menno R. Germans, Nicole P. ...
Hydrodilatation or distension arthrography is controversial. However, some studies show that arthrographic distension may play ...
Gastrointestinal Examination; Radiology; Diagnostic Radiology; Acute & Chronic Diseases and Conditions in Pediatric Patients; Metastatic Bone Disease; Pyloric Stenosis ...
Lee, SH, Yun, SJ, Jo, HH, Kim, DH, Song, JG & Park, YS 2017, Direct shoulder magnetic resonance arthrography for superior ... Dive into the research topics of Direct shoulder magnetic resonance arthrography for superior labral anterior-To-posterior ( ... title = "Direct shoulder magnetic resonance arthrography for superior labral anterior-To-posterior (SLAP) and Bankart lesions: ... T1 - Direct shoulder magnetic resonance arthrography for superior labral anterior-To-posterior (SLAP) and Bankart lesions ...
Magnetic resonance arthrography, a procedure through which contrast agents containing gadolinium and/or iopromide are ... Oznam, K., Sirin, D.Y., Yilmaz, I. et al. Iopromide- and gadopentetic acid-derived preparates used in MR arthrography may be ... Iopromide- and gadopentetic acid-derived preparates used in MR arthrography may be harmful to chondrocytes. *Kadir Oznam1, ... Saupe N, Zanetti M, Pfirrmann CW, Wels T, Schwenke C, Hodler J. Pain and other side effects after MR arthrography: prospective ...
... comparison of direct multi-slice CT arthrography and direct MR arthrography. Eur Radiol. 2009 Jan. 19 (1):147-51. [QxMD MEDLINE ... MR arthrography of the wrist: controversies and concepts. Hand (N Y). 2009 Mar. 4 (1):66-73. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text]. ... initial experience and correlation with arthrography and magnetic resonance arthrography. J Ultrasound Med. 2008 Feb. 27 (2): ... Arthrography of the wrist joint. An experimental study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1984 Mar. 66 (3):371-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [ ...
Deleted] Sacro-iliac Arthrography Code. 73542 Radiological examination, sacroiliac joint arthrography, radiological supervision ... 27096 Injection procedure for sacroiliac joint, arthrography and/or anesthetic/steroid, with image guidance (fluoroscopy or CT ...
Arthrography of the Shoulder, Ankle and Wrist.pptx. Deneicer Guy•12.9K. views ...
Direct Arthrography (American College of Radiology) (Radiological Society of North America) ... contrast material directly into ...
  • This study evaluated the authors' experience with magnetic resonance arthrography and proposed diagnostic algorithms. (uwi.edu)
  • OBJECTIVE:To compare the quality of visualization of canine carpal ligaments by using computed tomography (CT), MRI, CT arthrography (CTA), and magnetic resonance arthrography (MRA). (uzh.ch)
  • Magnetic resonance arthrography was particularly useful for evaluation of the stabilizers of the antebrachiocarpal joint. (uzh.ch)
  • The objective of this methods comparison study was to compare computed tomographic arthrography (CTA), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and magnetic resonance arthrography (MRA) measurements of articular cartilage thickness with gross measurements in the metacarpophalangeal joint of Thoroughbred horses. (avmi.net)
  • In selected cases, magnetic resonance imaging can be supplemented by the intra-articular injection of a contrast agent (magnetic resonance arthrography), which has the further advantage of evaluating in detail the articular space and detecting also very subtle abnormalities. (gsdinternational.com)
  • Magnetic resonance arthrography is a third-line imaging modality, which consists in the injection of contrast agents in the joint space - mainly the shoulder, the wrist, and the hip - with the two-fold purpose of distending the joint space and making the intra-articular structures more visible. (gsdinternational.com)
  • Magnetic resonance arthrography, a procedure through which contrast agents containing gadolinium and/or iopromide are administered intra-articularly, has become a useful tool in musculoskeletal diagnosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Objective: To compare contrast leakage, pain score, image quality and diagnostic performance at different doses and levels of local anaesthesia for direct shoulder magnetic resonance arthrography. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • Conclusion: Local anaesthesia with 1-2 ml lidocaine at subcutaneous fat level reduced pain and provided optimal image quality in direct shoulder magnetic resonance arthrography. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • MR arthrography (arthrogram) is a contrast-enhanced study used to visualize the interior of joints in a very detailed way. (ausrad.com)
  • MR arthrography may be able to visualize some structures better than other joint imaging methods. (ausrad.com)
  • Methods In a pragmatic, randomised, controlled trial, 417 patients with subacromial pain underwent 3-month initial rehabilitation and MRI arthrography (MRA) for the diagnosis of RCD. (bmj.com)
  • Radiographs were presented to 3 pediatric orthopaedic surgeons and 6 pediatric orthopaedic surgery residents who were asked to classify the fractures according to a modified Jakob classification system, enunciate their treatment plan, and whether they would utilize arthrography. (bvsalud.org)
  • The treatment plan using radiographs only and radiographs with arthrography were compared at both rating points. (bvsalud.org)
  • Interrater and intrarater reliability was poorer using both radiographs and arthrography. (bvsalud.org)
  • A total of 100 patients with mechanical symptoms of the hip such as pain, clicking, locking and giving way underwent MR arthrography of the hip to rule out a labral tear. (nih.gov)
  • An arthrography takes images of joints using a fluoroscope and contrast material. (medibid.com)
  • Arthrography is an X-ray that examines and diagnoses abnormalities in the joints. (bennettpodiatry.com)
  • Computed tomography arthrography: Specifically for cartilage injuries and cartilage tears, this image test provides accurate three-dimensional reconstructions of cartilage. (uhhospitals.org)
  • These findings, although gained from asymptomatic subjects, suggest that complications of arthrography are probably minor and transient when performed by an experienced arthrographer. (umn.edu)
  • On MR arthrography, labral tears were found in 66 patients (66% prevalence) with 13 having more than one location involved. (nih.gov)
  • MR Arthrography is an imaging study designed to diagnose problems within a joint (e.g. shoulder, hip, and wrist) with the aid of a contrast agent called gadolinium. (brighamandwomens.org)
  • Thus the purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and use of QMRI during MR-arthrography (MRA) in femoracetabular impingement (FAI) patients. (uky.edu)
  • Unlike arthrography, MRI is noninvasive, requires no ionizing radiation for image acquisition, readily obtains multiplanar images in an infinite array of anatomic sections, allows direct visualization of soft-tissue components (including disc and joint structures), allows easy bilateral assessment, allows assessment of joint effusion and inflammation, and easily can image structures outside the joint, such as the joint capsule and muscles of mastication. (medscape.com)
  • Ten of 31 subjects described transient changes in occlusion one week after arthrography but none of the changes persisted until the two-month examination. (umn.edu)
  • This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Castelli E, Pozzi A, Klisch K, Scotti L, Hoey S, Dennler M. Comparison between high‐field 3 Tesla MRI and computed tomography with and without arthrography for visualization of canine carpal ligaments: A cadaveric study. (uzh.ch)
  • The purpose of the current study was to analyze the reliability of a modified Jakob classification system and its value in guiding treatment either with or without arthrography. (bvsalud.org)
  • [ 20 ] Arthrography is a sensitive and highly specific technique in the evaluation of TMJ meniscus abnormalities, but it is invasive and uncomfortable for the patient. (medscape.com)
  • The sensitivity and specificity of CT arthrography for the depiction of rotator cuff lesions were 92% and 93%-97% for the supraspinatus, 100% and 77%-79% for the infraspinatus, 75%-88% and 85%-90% for the subscapularis, and 55%-65% and 100% for the biceps tendon, respectively. (medscape.com)
  • Additionally, 3T MRI has been shown to offer superior sensitivity and specificity to MR arthrography for diagnosing labral tears in the hip and shoulder. (ausrad.com)
  • In comparison, computed tomography arthrography (CTA) is a cheaper and faster exam that is virtually free from motion artifacts. (mdpi.com)
  • Computed tomography arthrography (CTA) has been successfully used for diagnosing glenohumeral joint cartilages, labral lesions, and rotator cuff tears. (mdpi.com)
  • In this case, facet arthrography allowed the preoperative determination of communication between the extradural lesion and the facet joint, leading to the diagnosis of a synovial cyst. (bmj.com)
  • 4. Diagnosis of recurrent meniscal tears: prospective evaluation of conventional MR imaging, indirect MR arthrography, and direct MR arthrography. (nih.gov)
  • 7. Accuracy of 3-Tesla MR and MR arthrography in diagnosis of meniscal retear in the post-operative knee. (nih.gov)
  • 17. Prospective Evaluation of Agreement and Accuracy in the Diagnosis of Meniscal Tears: MR Arthrography a Short Time After Injection Versus CT Arthrography After a Moderate Delay. (nih.gov)
  • MR Arthrography is an imaging study designed to diagnose problems within a joint (e.g. shoulder, hip, and wrist) with the aid of a contrast agent called gadolinium. (brighamandwomens.org)
  • Rixey A, Rhodes N, Murthy N, Johnson M, Larson N, Ringler MD . Accuracy of MR arthrography in the detection of posterior glenoid labral injuries of the shoulder. (mayo.edu)
  • Hydrodilation, also known as shoulder distension arthrography, is available for the treatment of frozen shoulder. (nuffieldhealth.com)
  • OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of distention arthrography (DA) alone and in combination with translational mobilization (TM) for treatment of patients with frozen shoulder (FS). (koreamed.org)
  • CT arthrography of the shoulder is useful for evaluation of the joint capsule and intracapsular structures and for finding loose bodies within the joint. (radtechonduty.com)
  • The goal of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of 16-detector helical CT arthrography with 1.5-T MR arthrography in the imaging evaluation of rotator cuff lesions in 56 patients. (medscape.com)
  • [ 1 ] This investigation from Belgium showed that both CT arthrography and MR arthrography demonstrate similar diagnostic performance in the imaging evaluation of rotator cuff lesions. (medscape.com)
  • 13. Knee MR-arthrography in assessment of meniscal and chondral lesions. (nih.gov)
  • The Radiology Department offers Arthrography which is an examination of the joints. (sdmg.com)
  • By distending the articular cavity with the injection of diluted contrast material, arthrography allows for the identification and fine evaluation of small anatomic structures located inside the articular cavity. (mdpi.com)
  • MR arthrography is limited in cases of postsurgical metallic artifacts, claustrophobia, and other general contraindications to the procedure (eg, cardiac pacemaker). (medscape.com)
  • Arthrography: What are the steps of the procedure? (dic-kc.com)
  • In the case of arthrography, a 3T MRI may spare the patient an invasive needle procedure that might otherwise be required prior to the diagnostic MRI on a 1.5T system. (ausrad.com)
  • 18. Evaluation of meniscal repair with serial magnetic resonance imaging: a comparative study between conventional MRI and indirect MR arthrography. (nih.gov)
  • 3. Evaluation of postoperative menisci with MR arthrography and routine conventional MRI. (nih.gov)
  • Tiegs-Heiden CA, Adkins MC, Carter RE, Geske JR, McKenzie GA, Ringler MD . Does gadolinium improve magnetic resonance arthrography of the hip beyond fluid distension alone? (mayo.edu)
  • CT facet arthrography revealed continuity of the extradural lesion with the right C3-C4 facet joint and infiltration of contrast medium into the lesion. (bmj.com)
  • Arthrography is useful in the detection of the causes of joint pain and can indicate a need for a joint replacement. (sdmg.com)
  • Historical review of temporomandibular joint arthrography. (bvsalud.org)
  • 1. Retears of postoperative knee meniscus: findings on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance arthrography (MRA) by using low and high field magnets. (nih.gov)
  • Arthrography may demonstrate adhesions between the tendon and the synovium. (vin.com)
  • Methods: One-hundred thirty-two patients (134 wrists) who underwent MR arthrography and subsequent wrist arthroscopy between September 2014 and March 2018 were retrospectively evaluated. (korea.ac.kr)
  • 8. MR arthrography of postoperative knee: for which patients is it useful? (nih.gov)
  • No statistically significant difference was found in diagnostic performance between CT arthrography and MR arthrography. (medscape.com)
  • Correction to: SSR white paper: guidelines for utilization and performance of direct MR arthrography. (mayo.edu)
  • A rare case is presented of a synovial cyst located at the level of C3-C4 that caused cervical myelopathy and that was preoperatively diagnosed by facet arthrography. (bmj.com)
  • Magnetic resonance arthrography (MRA) has been widely used in the past because of its intrinsic high contrast resolution. (mdpi.com)