A neurosurgical procedure that removes the anterior TEMPORAL LOBE including the medial temporal structures of CEREBRAL CORTEX; AMYGDALA; HIPPOCAMPUS; and the adjacent PARAHIPPOCAMPAL GYRUS. This procedure is generally used for the treatment of intractable temporal epilepsy (EPILEPSY, TEMPORAL LOBE).
Treatment of chronic, severe and intractable psychiatric disorders by surgical removal or interruption of certain areas or pathways in the brain, especially in the prefrontal lobes.
A localization-related (focal) form of epilepsy characterized by recurrent seizures that arise from foci within the temporal lobe, most commonly from its mesial aspect. A wide variety of psychic phenomena may be associated, including illusions, hallucinations, dyscognitive states, and affective experiences. The majority of complex partial seizures (see EPILEPSY, COMPLEX PARTIAL) originate from the temporal lobes. Temporal lobe seizures may be classified by etiology as cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic (i.e., related to an identified disease process or lesion). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p321)
Lower lateral part of the cerebral hemisphere responsible for auditory, olfactory, and semantic processing. It is located inferior to the lateral fissure and anterior to the OCCIPITAL LOBE.
A barbiturate with hypnotic and sedative properties (but not antianxiety). Adverse effects are mainly a consequence of dose-related CNS depression and the risk of dependence with continued use is high. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p565)
A neurobehavioral syndrome associated with bilateral medial temporal lobe dysfunction. Clinical manifestations include oral exploratory behavior; tactile exploratory behavior; hypersexuality; BULIMIA; MEMORY DISORDERS; placidity; and an inability to recognize objects or faces. This disorder may result from a variety of conditions, including CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; infections; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; PICK DISEASE OF THE BRAIN; and CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS.
A pathological process consisting of hardening or fibrosis of an anatomical structure, often a vessel or a nerve.
Recording of electric currents developed in the brain by means of electrodes applied to the scalp, to the surface of the brain, or placed within the substance of the brain.
Behavioral manifestations of cerebral dominance in which there is preferential use and superior functioning of either the left or the right side, as in the preferred use of the right hand or right foot.
Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or "seizure disorder."
Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.
The excision of lung tissue including partial or total lung lobectomy.
Cognitive disorders including delirium, dementia, and other cognitive disorders. These may be the result of substance use, trauma, or other causes.
Tests designed to assess neurological function associated with certain behaviors. They are used in diagnosing brain dysfunction or damage and central nervous system disorders or injury.
A disorder characterized by recurrent partial seizures marked by impairment of cognition. During the seizure the individual may experience a wide variety of psychic phenomenon including formed hallucinations, illusions, deja vu, intense emotional feelings, confusion, and spatial disorientation. Focal motor activity, sensory alterations and AUTOMATISM may also occur. Complex partial seizures often originate from foci in one or both temporal lobes. The etiology may be idiopathic (cryptogenic partial complex epilepsy) or occur as a secondary manifestation of a focal cortical lesion (symptomatic partial complex epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp317-8)
Dominance of one cerebral hemisphere over the other in cerebral functions.
A condition characterized by long-standing brain dysfunction or damage, usually of three months duration or longer. Potential etiologies include BRAIN INFARCTION; certain NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ANOXIA, BRAIN; ENCEPHALITIS; certain NEUROTOXICITY SYNDROMES; metabolic disorders (see BRAIN DISEASES, METABOLIC); and other conditions.
Endoscopic surgery of the pleural cavity performed with visualization via video transmission.
A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313)
Surgery performed on the nervous system or its parts.
Almond-shaped group of basal nuclei anterior to the INFERIOR HORN OF THE LATERAL VENTRICLE of the TEMPORAL LOBE. The amygdala is part of the limbic system.
The ability to learn and to deal with new situations and to deal effectively with tasks involving abstractions.
Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.
The period following a surgical operation.
Seizures that occur during a febrile episode. It is a common condition, affecting 2-5% of children aged 3 months to five years. An autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance has been identified in some families. The majority are simple febrile seizures (generally defined as generalized onset, single seizures with a duration of less than 30 minutes). Complex febrile seizures are characterized by focal onset, duration greater than 30 minutes, and/or more than one seizure in a 24 hour period. The likelihood of developing epilepsy (i.e., a nonfebrile seizure disorder) following simple febrile seizures is low. Complex febrile seizures are associated with a moderately increased incidence of epilepsy. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p784)
A curved elevation of GRAY MATTER extending the entire length of the floor of the TEMPORAL HORN of the LATERAL VENTRICLE (see also TEMPORAL LOBE). The hippocampus proper, subiculum, and DENTATE GYRUS constitute the hippocampal formation. Sometimes authors include the ENTORHINAL CORTEX in the hippocampal formation.

Detection of visual field defects in patients after anterior temporal lobectomy for mesial temporal sclerosis-establishing eligibility to drive. (1/100)

AIMS: The aim of this study is to quantify visual field defects after temporal lobectomy for mesial temporal sclerosis and to establish eligibility for driving. METHODS: Automated static perimetry was performed on 14 patients who had undergone anterior temporal lobectomy for mesial temporal sclerosis. Perimetry consisted of monocular Humphrey Field Analyser (HFA) 30-2 test and a binocular Esterman 120 test. RESULTS: Of the 14 patients, three had no loss or non-specific loss, eight had partial homonymous quadrantanopia, one had complete homonymous quadrantanopia and two had concentric loss attributable to vigabatrin, which may have masked any loss occurring due to surgery. Of these, only seven passed the standardised DVLA visual fields. Of the seven who failed DVLA visual field, one had complete quadrantanopia, four had partial quadrantanopia and two had concentric loss (due to vigabatrin). CONCLUSIONS: Visual field defects contribute a great deal in the reduction of the quality of life in patients who have had surgery for mesial temporal sclerosis. Potential surgically induced visual field defects that could preclude driving need to be discussed with each patient preoperatively. In our study 50% of patients did not meet the required DVLA standards.  (+info)

Emotional facial paresis in temporal lobe epilepsy: its prevalence and lateralizing value. (2/100)

The selection of patients with medically refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) for surgery depends on the concordance of data from clinical, imaging and electroencephalographic evaluation. Though clinical examination is often normal, emotional facial paresis has been described in patients with TLE. Utilizing a well-characterized group of mesial TLE (MTLE) patients, who have achieved excellent seizure outcome following anterior temporal lobectomy with amygdalohippocampectomy (ATL), we investigated the prevalence, predictive value and associations of emotional facial paresis. When compared to 8 out of 50 control subjects (16%), 36 out of 50 MTLE patients (72%) exhibited unilateral emotional facial paresis; the difference was highly significant (P<0.0001). The presence of contralateral emotional facial paresis correctly predicted the side of ATL in 86.1% patients. The occurrence of emotional facial paresis was significantly associated with longer duration of epilepsy prior to ATL and left ATL. Our observations confirm that emotional facial parersis contralateral to the side of mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) is a valuable localizing sign in correctly predicting the epileptogenic temporal lobe. We hypothesize that the presence of an intact right hemisphere and pathological changes more extensive than MTS may be required for emotional facial paresis to readily manifest.  (+info)

Unexpected amnesia: are there lessons to be learned from cases of amnesia following unilateral temporal lobe surgery? (3/100)

Cases of amnesia following unilateral temporal lobe surgery are rare, but they may provide important insights into human brain functioning. Such cases are reconsidered here in the light of recent developments in clinical and cognitive neuroscience. Descriptions of preoperative seizure activity in these cases indicate the potentially valuable role of ictal semiology in localizing the source of epileptiform discharges. Cases of amnesia after unilateral temporal lobectomy illustrate the complexity of intra- and inter-hemispheric propagation of epileptiform discharges and highlight possible neurophysiological mechanisms underlying false localization of abnormal EEG activity. This review points to the value of preoperative neuropsychological assessment in providing information on the likely primary locus of pathology and in predicting outcome after surgery. The analysis of cases upholds the benefits of the Wada procedure, but it highlights the variability in Wada test procedures and the fact that Wada test scores themselves may be open to varying interpretation. These cases of postoperative amnesia are further considered in the context of the cognitive neuroscience of human memory and, in particular, mechanisms underlying the human amnesic syndrome. They confirm the critical role of bilateral medial temporal lobe structures in anterograde memory, but they also highlight the complexity in teasing apart neural mechanisms underlying remote memory loss.  (+info)

A specific role for the human amygdala in olfactory memory. (4/100)

The medial temporal lobe is known to play a role in the processing of olfaction and memory. The specific contribution of the human amygdala to memory for odors has not been addressed, however. The role of this region in memory for odors was assessed in patients with unilateral amygdala damage due to temporal lobectomy (n = 20; 11 left, 9 right), one patient with selective bilateral amygdala damage, and in 20 age-matched normal controls. Fifteen odors were presented, followed 1 h later by an odor-name matching test and an odor-odor recognition test. Signal detection analyses showed that both unilateral groups were impaired in their memory for matching odors with names, these patients were not significantly impaired on odor-odor recognition. Bilateral amygdala damage resulted in severe impairment in both odor-name matching as well as in odor-odor recognition memory. Importantly, none of the patients were impaired on an auditory verbal learning task, suggesting that these findings reflect a specific impairment in olfactory memory, and not merely a more general memory deficit. Taken together, the data provide neuropsychological evidence that the human amygdala is essential for olfactory memory.  (+info)

Emotional memory and perception in temporal lobectomy patients with amygdala damage. (5/100)

BACKGROUND: The human amygdala is implicated in the formation of emotional memories and the perception of emotional stimuli--particularly fear--across various modalities. OBJECTIVES: To discern the extent to which these functions are related. METHODS: 28 patients who had anterior temporal lobectomy (13 left and 15 right) for intractable epilepsy were recruited. Structural magnetic resonance imaging showed that three of them had atrophy of their remaining amygdala. All participants were given tests of affect perception from facial and vocal expressions and of emotional memory, using a standard narrative test and a novel test of word recognition. The results were standardised against matched healthy controls. RESULTS: Performance on all emotion tasks in patients with unilateral lobectomy ranged from unimpaired to moderately impaired. Perception of emotions in faces and voices was (with exceptions) significantly positively correlated, indicating multimodal emotional processing. However, there was no correlation between the subjects' performance on tests of emotional memory and perception. Several subjects showed strong emotional memory enhancement but poor fear perception. Patients with bilateral amygdala damage had greater impairment, particularly on the narrative test of emotional memory, one showing superior fear recognition but absent memory enhancement. CONCLUSIONS: Bilateral amygdala damage is particularly disruptive of emotional memory processes in comparison with unilateral temporal lobectomy. On a cognitive level, the pattern of results implies that perception of emotional expressions and emotional memory are supported by separate processing systems or streams.  (+info)

Schizophrenia-like psychosis arising de novo following a temporal lobectomy: timing and risk factors. (6/100)

OBJECTIVES: To clarify risk factors for the development of schizophrenia-like psychotic disorders following temporal lobectomy, and to explore the possibility that the early postoperative period is a time of high risk for the onset of such chronic psychotic disorders. METHODS: Patients who developed schizophrenia-like psychosis were identified from a series of 320 patients who had a temporal lobectomy for medically intractable epilepsy. The relationship of their disorders to both the operation and subsequent seizure activity was examined. Using a retrospective case-control design, risk factors for the development of schizophrenia-like psychosis were established. RESULTS: Eleven patients who developed schizophrenia-like psychosis postoperatively were identified and compared with 33 control subjects who remained free of psychosis postoperatively. The onset of de novo psychotic symptoms was typically in the first year following the operation. No clear relationship between postoperative seizure activity and fluctuations in psychotic symptoms emerged. Compared with the controls, patients who become psychotic had more preoperative bilateral electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormalities, pathologies other than mesial temporal sclerosis in the excised lobe and a smaller amygdala on the unoperated side. CONCLUSIONS: Temporal lobectomy for medically intractable epilepsy may precipitate a schizophrenia-like psychosis. Patients with bilateral functional and structural abnormalities, particularly of the amygdala, may be at particular risk for the development of such psychoses.  (+info)

Temporal lobectomy: long-term seizure outcome, late recurrence and risks for seizure recurrence. (7/100)

There is little information available relevant to long-term seizure outcome after anterior temporal lobectomy, particularly at extended postoperative periods. The aim of this study was an in-depth examination of patterns of longitudinal outcome and potential risk factors for seizure recurrence after lobectomy, utilizing a large patient sample with long follow-up. Included were 325 patients who underwent anterior temporal lobectomy between 1978 and 1998 (mean follow-up 9.6 +/- 4.2 years). Retrospective data were analysed using survival analysis and multivariate regression with Cox proportional hazard models. The probability of complete seizure freedom at 2 years post-surgery was 55.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) 50-61]; at 5 years, 47.7% (95% CI 42-53); and at 10 postoperative years it was 41% (95% CI 36-48). Patients with discrete abnormalities preoperatively (i.e. lesions and hippocampal sclerosis) had a significantly higher probability of seizure freedom than patients without obvious abnormality. The latter group had a pattern of recurrence similar to that in patients with lesions outside the area of excision. After adjustment for preoperative pathology, only the presence of preoperative secondarily generalized seizures had a significant association with recurrence [occasional preoperative generalized seizures, hazard ratio (HR) 1.6, 95% CI 1.1-2.3; frequent seizures, HR 2.0, 95% CI 1.4-2.9 compared with absence of preoperative generalized seizures]. Duration of preoperative epilepsy, age of seizure onset and age at surgery did not have an effect on outcome. Patients with two seizure-free postoperative years had a 74% (95% CI 66-81) probability of seizure freedom by 10 postoperative years. This late seizure recurrence was not associated with any identified risk factors. Specifically, patients with hippocampal sclerosis were not at higher risk. Surprisingly, complete discontinuation of anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) after two postoperative years was not associated with an increased risk of recurrence (HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.5-2.1). This may be because selection of patients for AED discontinuation is biased towards those individuals perceived as 'low risk'. The results of this study indicate that the lack of an obvious abnormality or the presence of diffuse pathology, and preoperative secondarily generalized seizures are risk factors for recurrence after surgery. Late recurrence after initial seizure freedom is not a rare event; risk factors specific to this phenomenon are as yet unidentified.  (+info)

Cerebellar hemorrhage as a complication of temporal lobectomy for refractory medial temporal epilepsy: report of three cases. (8/100)

Cerebellar hemorrhage is listed among the potential complications following neurosurgical procedures. In this scenario it is usually reported as a rare condition. However, it seems that epilepsy surgery patients are somewhat more prone to this kind of complication, compared to other surgical groups. Head positioning, excessive cerebral spinal fluid draining and the excision of non-expanding encephalic tissue (or combinations among the three) are likely to be cause underlying remote cerebellar hemorrhage. Out of the 118 ATL/AH performed at our institution, between 1996 and 2002, we identified 3 (2.5%) patients presenting with cerebellar hemorrhage. We report on such cases and review the literature on the topic.  (+info)

Anterior Temporal Lobectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of a portion of the anterior (front) part of the temporal lobe of the brain. This procedure is often performed to treat certain types of epilepsy that are resistant to medication, as well as other conditions such as tumors or degenerative diseases that affect this area of the brain.

The temporal lobe is located on each side of the brain and is involved in several important functions, including hearing, memory, emotion, and language comprehension. The anterior portion of the temporal lobe contains structures such as the amygdala and hippocampus, which are critical for the formation and retrieval of memories.

During an anterior temporal lobectomy, a neurosurgeon will make an incision in the skull and remove a portion of the brain tissue that is causing seizures or other symptoms. The size and location of the resection will depend on the specific condition being treated and the individual patient's needs. After the surgery, patients may require rehabilitation to help them recover from any cognitive or physical deficits caused by the procedure.

Psychosurgery is a surgical intervention aimed at modifying or altering brain functions to treat severe and disabling mental disorders. It involves the deliberate destruction or disconnection of specific areas of the brain, typically through procedures such as lobotomy or stereotactic neurosurgery. These interventions are usually considered a last resort when other treatments have failed, and they are reserved for individuals with extreme cases of mental illness, such as intractable depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, or severe anxiety disorders.

It's important to note that psychosurgery is a highly controversial and stigmatized field, and its use has declined significantly since the mid-20th century due to concerns about its effectiveness, ethics, and potential for harm. Today, psychosurgery is tightly regulated and subject to strict ethical guidelines in most countries.

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a type of focal (localized) epilepsy that originates from the temporal lobes of the brain. The temporal lobes are located on each side of the brain and are involved in processing sensory information, memory, and emotion. TLE is characterized by recurrent seizures that originate from one or both temporal lobes.

The symptoms of TLE can vary depending on the specific area of the temporal lobe that is affected. However, common symptoms include auras (sensory or emotional experiences that occur before a seizure), strange smells or tastes, lip-smacking or chewing movements, and memory problems. Some people with TLE may also experience automatisms (involuntary movements such as picking at clothes or fumbling with objects) during their seizures.

Treatment for TLE typically involves medication to control seizures, although surgery may be recommended in some cases. The goal of treatment is to reduce the frequency and severity of seizures and improve quality of life.

The temporal lobe is one of the four main lobes of the cerebral cortex in the brain, located on each side of the head roughly level with the ears. It plays a major role in auditory processing, memory, and emotion. The temporal lobe contains several key structures including the primary auditory cortex, which is responsible for analyzing sounds, and the hippocampus, which is crucial for forming new memories. Damage to the temporal lobe can result in various neurological symptoms such as hearing loss, memory impairment, and changes in emotional behavior.

Amobarbital is a barbiturate drug that is primarily used as a sedative and sleep aid. It works by depressing the central nervous system, which can lead to relaxation, drowsiness, and reduced anxiety. Amobarbital is also sometimes used as an anticonvulsant to help control seizures.

Like other barbiturates, amobarbital has a high potential for abuse and addiction, and it can be dangerous or even fatal when taken in large doses or mixed with alcohol or other drugs. It is typically prescribed only for short-term use due to the risk of tolerance and dependence.

It's important to note that the use of barbiturates like amobarbital has declined in recent years due to the development of safer and more effective alternatives, such as benzodiazepines and non-benzodiazepine sleep aids.

Kluver-Bucy Syndrome is a rare and complex neurobehavioral disorder, typically caused by damage to the temporal lobes and surrounding structures in the brain, particularly the amygdala and hippocampus. The syndrome is characterized by a range of symptoms that may include:

1. Hyperorality (excessive exploration of objects with the mouth)
2. Visual agnosia (inability to recognize familiar objects despite intact vision)
3. Hypermetamorphosis (compulsively looking at and exploring new objects)
4. Dietary changes, such as increased appetite and food preference changes
5. Emotional changes, including decreased emotional responsiveness and loss of fear or anxiety
6. Memory impairment
7. Increased sexual behavior
8. Hyperactivity and decreased initiative
9. Altered sleep-wake cycle
10. Inability to recognize faces (prosopagnosia)

It's important to note that the presence and severity of these symptoms can vary widely between individuals with Kluver-Bucy Syndrome, depending on the extent and location of brain damage. The syndrome is often associated with conditions such as herpes encephalitis, traumatic brain injury, or neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease.

Sclerosis is a medical term that refers to the abnormal hardening or scarring of body tissues, particularly in the context of various degenerative diseases affecting the nervous system. The term "sclerosis" comes from the Greek word "skleros," which means hard. In these conditions, the normally flexible and adaptable nerve cells or their protective coverings (myelin sheath) become rigid and inflexible due to the buildup of scar tissue or abnormal protein deposits.

There are several types of sclerosis, but one of the most well-known is multiple sclerosis (MS). In MS, the immune system mistakenly attacks the myelin sheath surrounding nerve fibers in the brain and spinal cord, leading to scarring and damage that disrupts communication between the brain and the rest of the body. This results in a wide range of symptoms, such as muscle weakness, numbness, vision problems, balance issues, and cognitive impairment.

Other conditions that involve sclerosis include:

1. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): Also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, ALS is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord, leading to muscle weakness, stiffness, and atrophy.
2. Systemic sclerosis: A rare autoimmune connective tissue disorder characterized by thickening and hardening of the skin and internal organs due to excessive collagen deposition.
3. Plaque psoriasis: A chronic inflammatory skin condition marked by red, scaly patches (plaques) resulting from rapid turnover and accumulation of skin cells.
4. Adhesive capsulitis: Also known as frozen shoulder, this condition involves stiffening and thickening of the shoulder joint's capsule due to scarring or inflammation, leading to limited mobility and pain.

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a medical procedure that records electrical activity in the brain. It uses small, metal discs called electrodes, which are attached to the scalp with paste or a specialized cap. These electrodes detect tiny electrical charges that result from the activity of brain cells, and the EEG machine then amplifies and records these signals.

EEG is used to diagnose various conditions related to the brain, such as seizures, sleep disorders, head injuries, infections, and degenerative diseases like Alzheimer's or Parkinson's. It can also be used during surgery to monitor brain activity and ensure that surgical procedures do not interfere with vital functions.

EEG is a safe and non-invasive procedure that typically takes about 30 minutes to an hour to complete, although longer recordings may be necessary in some cases. Patients are usually asked to relax and remain still during the test, as movement can affect the quality of the recording.

Functional laterality, in a medical context, refers to the preferential use or performance of one side of the body over the other for specific functions. This is often demonstrated in hand dominance, where an individual may be right-handed or left-handed, meaning they primarily use their right or left hand for tasks such as writing, eating, or throwing.

However, functional laterality can also apply to other bodily functions and structures, including the eyes (ocular dominance), ears (auditory dominance), or legs. It's important to note that functional laterality is not a strict binary concept; some individuals may exhibit mixed dominance or no strong preference for one side over the other.

In clinical settings, assessing functional laterality can be useful in diagnosing and treating various neurological conditions, such as stroke or traumatic brain injury, where understanding any resulting lateralized impairments can inform rehabilitation strategies.

A seizure is an uncontrolled, abnormal firing of neurons (brain cells) that can cause various symptoms such as convulsions, loss of consciousness, altered awareness, or changes in behavior. Seizures can be caused by a variety of factors including epilepsy, brain injury, infection, toxic substances, or genetic disorders. They can also occur without any identifiable cause, known as idiopathic seizures. Seizures are a medical emergency and require immediate attention.

Medical Definition:

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive diagnostic imaging technique that uses a strong magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed cross-sectional or three-dimensional images of the internal structures of the body. The patient lies within a large, cylindrical magnet, and the scanner detects changes in the direction of the magnetic field caused by protons in the body. These changes are then converted into detailed images that help medical professionals to diagnose and monitor various medical conditions, such as tumors, injuries, or diseases affecting the brain, spinal cord, heart, blood vessels, joints, and other internal organs. MRI does not use radiation like computed tomography (CT) scans.

A pneumonectomy is a surgical procedure in which an entire lung is removed. This type of surgery is typically performed as a treatment for certain types of lung cancer, although it may also be used to treat other conditions such as severe damage or infection in the lung that does not respond to other treatments. The surgery requires general anesthesia and can be quite complex, with potential risks including bleeding, infection, pneumonia, and air leaks. Recovery from a pneumonectomy can take several weeks, and patients may require ongoing rehabilitation to regain strength and mobility.

Delirium, Dementia, Amnestic, and Other Cognitive Disorders are conditions that affect cognitive abilities such as thinking, memory, perception, and judgment. Here are brief medical definitions of each:

1. Delirium: A serious disturbance in mental abilities that results in confused thinking and reduced awareness of the environment. It can cause hallucinations, delusions, and disorientation. Delirium often comes on suddenly and can be caused by various factors such as medication side effects, infection, or illness.
2. Dementia: A chronic and progressive decline in cognitive abilities that affects memory, language, problem-solving, and judgment. Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia, but other conditions such as vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia can also cause it. Dementia can significantly interfere with daily life and activities.
3. Amnestic Disorders: A group of conditions that primarily affect memory. These disorders can be caused by brain injury, illness, or substance abuse. The most common amnestic disorder is Korsakoff's syndrome, which is caused by alcohol abuse and results in significant memory loss and confusion.
4. Other Cognitive Disorders: This category includes a range of conditions that affect cognitive abilities but do not fit into the categories of delirium, dementia, or amnestic disorders. Examples include mild cognitive impairment (MCI), which is a decline in cognitive abilities that does not interfere significantly with daily life, and various cognitive disorders caused by brain injury or disease.

It's important to note that these conditions can overlap and may co-occur with other mental health or neurological disorders. Proper diagnosis and treatment require a comprehensive evaluation by a qualified healthcare professional.

Neuropsychological tests are a type of psychological assessment that measures cognitive functions, such as attention, memory, language, problem-solving, and perception. These tests are used to help diagnose and understand the cognitive impact of neurological conditions, including dementia, traumatic brain injury, stroke, Parkinson's disease, and other disorders that affect the brain.

The tests are typically administered by a trained neuropsychologist and can take several hours to complete. They may involve paper-and-pencil tasks, computerized tasks, or interactive activities. The results of the tests are compared to normative data to help identify any areas of cognitive weakness or strength.

Neuropsychological testing can provide valuable information for treatment planning, rehabilitation, and assessing response to treatment. It can also be used in research to better understand the neural basis of cognition and the impact of neurological conditions on cognitive function.

Complex partial epilepsy, also known as temporal lobe epilepsy or focal impaired awareness epilepsy, is a type of epilepsy characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures that originate in the temporal lobe or other localized areas of the brain. These seizures typically involve alterations in consciousness or awareness, and may include automatisms (involuntary, repetitive movements), such as lip smacking, fidgeting, or picking at clothes. Complex partial seizures can last from a few seconds to several minutes and may be followed by a post-ictal period of confusion or fatigue.

Complex partial epilepsy is often associated with structural abnormalities in the brain, such as hippocampal sclerosis, tumors, or malformations. It can also be caused by infectious or inflammatory processes, vascular disorders, or genetic factors. The diagnosis of complex partial epilepsy typically involves a thorough neurological evaluation, including a detailed history of seizure symptoms, neuroimaging studies (such as MRI or CT scans), and electroencephalography (EEG) to record brain activity during and between seizures.

Treatment for complex partial epilepsy usually involves medication therapy with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). In some cases, surgery may be recommended if medications are not effective in controlling seizures or if there is a structural lesion that can be safely removed. Other treatment options may include dietary modifications, such as the ketogenic diet, or vagus nerve stimulation.

Cerebral dominance is a concept in neuropsychology that refers to the specialization of one hemisphere of the brain over the other for certain cognitive functions. In most people, the left hemisphere is dominant for language functions such as speaking and understanding spoken or written language, while the right hemisphere is dominant for non-verbal functions such as spatial ability, face recognition, and artistic ability.

Cerebral dominance does not mean that the non-dominant hemisphere is incapable of performing the functions of the dominant hemisphere, but rather that it is less efficient or specialized in those areas. The concept of cerebral dominance has been used to explain individual differences in cognitive abilities and learning styles, as well as the laterality of brain damage and its effects on cognition and behavior.

It's important to note that cerebral dominance is a complex phenomenon that can vary between individuals and can be influenced by various factors such as genetics, environment, and experience. Additionally, recent research has challenged the strict lateralization of functions and suggested that there is more functional overlap and interaction between the two hemispheres than previously thought.

Chronic brain damage is a condition characterized by long-term, persistent injury to the brain that results in cognitive, physical, and behavioral impairments. It can be caused by various factors such as trauma, hypoxia (lack of oxygen), infection, toxic exposure, or degenerative diseases. The effects of chronic brain damage may not be immediately apparent and can worsen over time, leading to significant disability and reduced quality of life.

The symptoms of chronic brain damage can vary widely depending on the severity and location of the injury. They may include:

* Cognitive impairments such as memory loss, difficulty concentrating, trouble with problem-solving and decision-making, and decreased learning ability
* Motor impairments such as weakness, tremors, poor coordination, and balance problems
* Sensory impairments such as hearing or vision loss, numbness, tingling, or altered sense of touch
* Speech and language difficulties such as aphasia (problems with understanding or producing speech) or dysarthria (slurred or slow speech)
* Behavioral changes such as irritability, mood swings, depression, anxiety, and personality changes

Chronic brain damage can be diagnosed through a combination of medical history, physical examination, neurological evaluation, and imaging studies such as MRI or CT scans. Treatment typically focuses on managing symptoms and maximizing function through rehabilitation therapies such as occupational therapy, speech therapy, and physical therapy. In some cases, medication or surgery may be necessary to address specific symptoms or underlying causes of the brain damage.

Thoracic surgery, video-assisted (VATS) is a minimally invasive surgical technique used to diagnose and treat various conditions related to the chest cavity, including the lungs, pleura, mediastinum, esophagus, and diaphragm. In VATS, a thoracoscope, a type of endoscope with a camera and light source, is inserted through small incisions in the chest wall to provide visualization of the internal structures. The surgeon then uses specialized instruments to perform the necessary surgical procedures, such as biopsies, lung resections, or esophageal repairs. Compared to traditional open thoracic surgery, VATS typically results in less postoperative pain, shorter hospital stays, and quicker recoveries for patients.

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain, which can result in a wide range of symptoms, including convulsions, loss of consciousness, and altered sensations or behaviors. Epilepsy can have many different causes, including genetic factors, brain injury, infection, or stroke. In some cases, the cause may be unknown.

There are many different types of seizures that can occur in people with epilepsy, and the specific type of seizure will depend on the location and extent of the abnormal electrical activity in the brain. Some people may experience only one type of seizure, while others may have several different types. Seizures can vary in frequency, from a few per year to dozens or even hundreds per day.

Epilepsy is typically diagnosed based on the patient's history of recurrent seizures and the results of an electroencephalogram (EEG), which measures the electrical activity in the brain. Imaging tests such as MRI or CT scans may also be used to help identify any structural abnormalities in the brain that may be contributing to the seizures.

While there is no cure for epilepsy, it can often be effectively managed with medication. In some cases, surgery may be recommended to remove the area of the brain responsible for the seizures. With proper treatment and management, many people with epilepsy are able to lead normal, productive lives.

Neurosurgical procedures are operations that are performed on the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. These procedures are typically carried out by neurosurgeons, who are medical doctors with specialized training in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the nervous system. Neurosurgical procedures can be used to treat a wide range of conditions, including traumatic injuries, tumors, aneurysms, vascular malformations, infections, degenerative diseases, and congenital abnormalities.

Some common types of neurosurgical procedures include:

* Craniotomy: A procedure in which a bone flap is temporarily removed from the skull to gain access to the brain. This type of procedure may be performed to remove a tumor, repair a blood vessel, or relieve pressure on the brain.
* Spinal fusion: A procedure in which two or more vertebrae in the spine are fused together using bone grafts and metal hardware. This is often done to stabilize the spine and alleviate pain caused by degenerative conditions or spinal deformities.
* Microvascular decompression: A procedure in which a blood vessel that is causing pressure on a nerve is repositioned or removed. This type of procedure is often used to treat trigeminal neuralgia, a condition that causes severe facial pain.
* Deep brain stimulation: A procedure in which electrodes are implanted in specific areas of the brain and connected to a battery-operated device called a neurostimulator. The neurostimulator sends electrical impulses to the brain to help alleviate symptoms of movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease or dystonia.
* Stereotactic radiosurgery: A non-invasive procedure that uses focused beams of radiation to treat tumors, vascular malformations, and other abnormalities in the brain or spine. This type of procedure is often used for patients who are not good candidates for traditional surgery due to age, health status, or location of the lesion.

Neurosurgical procedures can be complex and require a high degree of skill and expertise. Patients considering neurosurgical treatment should consult with a qualified neurosurgeon to discuss their options and determine the best course of action for their individual situation.

The amygdala is an almond-shaped group of nuclei located deep within the temporal lobe of the brain, specifically in the anterior portion of the temporal lobes and near the hippocampus. It forms a key component of the limbic system and plays a crucial role in processing emotions, particularly fear and anxiety. The amygdala is involved in the integration of sensory information with emotional responses, memory formation, and decision-making processes.

In response to emotionally charged stimuli, the amygdala can modulate various physiological functions, such as heart rate, blood pressure, and stress hormone release, via its connections to the hypothalamus and brainstem. Additionally, it contributes to social behaviors, including recognizing emotional facial expressions and responding appropriately to social cues. Dysfunctions in amygdala function have been implicated in several psychiatric and neurological conditions, such as anxiety disorders, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

I must clarify that I cannot provide a "medical definition" of intelligence, as intelligence is not a concept that is typically defined within the field of medicine. Intelligence is a term used to describe the ability to learn, understand, and make judgments or decisions based on reason, experience, and information. It is often measured through various cognitive abilities such as problem-solving, critical thinking, creativity, and knowledge acquisition.

The concept of intelligence is studied in many fields, including psychology, neuroscience, and education. In medicine, healthcare professionals may assess a person's cognitive abilities to better understand their health status or develop treatment plans. However, there is no specific "medical definition" for intelligence. Instead, it is a multifaceted concept that can be influenced by various genetic, environmental, and experiential factors.

Postoperative complications refer to any unfavorable condition or event that occurs during the recovery period after a surgical procedure. These complications can vary in severity and may include, but are not limited to:

1. Infection: This can occur at the site of the incision or inside the body, such as pneumonia or urinary tract infection.
2. Bleeding: Excessive bleeding (hemorrhage) can lead to a drop in blood pressure and may require further surgical intervention.
3. Blood clots: These can form in the deep veins of the legs (deep vein thrombosis) and can potentially travel to the lungs (pulmonary embolism).
4. Wound dehiscence: This is when the surgical wound opens up, which can lead to infection and further complications.
5. Pulmonary issues: These include atelectasis (collapsed lung), pneumonia, or respiratory failure.
6. Cardiovascular problems: These include abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias), heart attack, or stroke.
7. Renal failure: This can occur due to various reasons such as dehydration, blood loss, or the use of certain medications.
8. Pain management issues: Inadequate pain control can lead to increased stress, anxiety, and decreased mobility.
9. Nausea and vomiting: These can be caused by anesthesia, opioid pain medication, or other factors.
10. Delirium: This is a state of confusion and disorientation that can occur in the elderly or those with certain medical conditions.

Prompt identification and management of these complications are crucial to ensure the best possible outcome for the patient.

The postoperative period is the time following a surgical procedure during which the patient's response to the surgery and anesthesia is monitored, and any complications or adverse effects are managed. This period can vary in length depending on the type of surgery and the individual patient's needs, but it typically includes the immediate recovery phase in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) or recovery room, as well as any additional time spent in the hospital for monitoring and management of pain, wound healing, and other aspects of postoperative care.

The goals of postoperative care are to ensure the patient's safety and comfort, promote optimal healing and rehabilitation, and minimize the risk of complications such as infection, bleeding, or other postoperative issues. The specific interventions and treatments provided during this period will depend on a variety of factors, including the type and extent of surgery performed, the patient's overall health and medical history, and any individualized care plans developed in consultation with the patient and their healthcare team.

Febrile seizures are a type of seizure that occurs in young children, typically between the ages of 6 months and 5 years, and is often associated with fever. A febrile seizure is defined as a convulsion or seizure that is brought on by a high fever, usually greater than 100.4°F (38°C), but can also occur in response to a rapid rise in body temperature. The seizures can vary in length and may involve shaking of the entire body, jerking of the arms and legs, or just twitching of one part of the body. They can be quite alarming to witness, but they are usually harmless and do not cause any long-term neurological problems.

Febrile seizures are most commonly caused by viral infections, such as a cold or flu, but they can also occur with bacterial infections, such as a urinary tract infection or ear infection. In some cases, the fever and seizure may be the first signs that a child is ill.

While febrile seizures are generally harmless, it is important to seek medical attention if your child has a seizure. This is because a small percentage of children who have febrile seizures may go on to develop epilepsy, a condition characterized by recurrent seizures. Additionally, some serious underlying conditions, such as meningitis or encephalitis, can cause fever and seizures, so it is important to rule out these possibilities with a thorough medical evaluation.

If your child has a febrile seizure, the best course of action is to remain calm and make sure they are in a safe place where they cannot injure themselves. Do not try to restrain them or put anything in their mouth. Instead, gently turn them onto their side to prevent choking and call for medical help. Most febrile seizures last only a few minutes and resolve on their own without any treatment. After the seizure, your child may be sleepy or confused, but they should return to their normal state within a short period of time.

The hippocampus is a complex, curved formation in the brain that resembles a seahorse (hence its name, from the Greek word "hippos" meaning horse and "kampos" meaning sea monster). It's part of the limbic system and plays crucial roles in the formation of memories, particularly long-term ones.

This region is involved in spatial navigation and cognitive maps, allowing us to recognize locations and remember how to get to them. Additionally, it's one of the first areas affected by Alzheimer's disease, which often results in memory loss as an early symptom.

Anatomically, it consists of two main parts: the Ammon's horn (or cornu ammonis) and the dentate gyrus. These structures are made up of distinct types of neurons that contribute to different aspects of learning and memory.

... is the complete or partial removal of the anterior portion of the temporal lobe of the brain. The ... Anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) was popularised in the early 1980s and was found effective. "Epilepsy surgery, Temporal ... including lateral temporal cortex along with medial structures, from using more restricted anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) to ... "anterior_temporal_lobectomy [Operative Neurosurgery]". operativeneurosurgery.com. Retrieved 2022-01-07. Wiebe S, Blume WT, ...
"Acute effect of anterior temporal lobectomy on musical processing". Neuropsychologia. 29 (7): 703-708. doi:10.1016/0028-3932(91 ... Zatorre1, R. J. (1988). "Pitch perception of complex tones and human temporal-lobe function". J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 84 (2): 566- ... Jones, Mari Riess; Moynihan, Heather; MacKenzie, Noah; Puente, Jennifer (July 2002). "Temporal Aspects of Stimulus-Driven ... temporal envelope, or timbre. The importance of cortical regions lateral to A1 for pitch coding is also supported by studies of ...
Anterior temporal lobectomy Korsakoff's syndrome Huntington's disease Lacunar infarcts Right hemisphere stroke Left side ... Prediction of verbal memory loss in individuals after anterior temporal lobectomy. Epilepsia, 39(8), 820-828. van Geldorp, B., ... The temporal stability of the CVLT-II is still essential to determine its usefulness in measuring cognitive change. The retest ... Memory function and verbal learning ability in patients with complex partial seizures of temporal lobe origin. Epilepsia, 28(5 ...
Fisch, Bruce (2011-11-01). "Anterior Temporal Lobectomy - How Safe Is It?". Epilepsy Currents. 11 (6): 186-188. doi:10.5698/ ... Fisch, Bruce (2011-11-01). "Anterior Temporal Lobectomy - How Safe Is It?". Epilepsy Currents. 11 (6): 186-188. doi:10.5698/ ... Hence temporal lobe resection, during which the whole temporal lobe or just a part of the temporal lobe for example the ... Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) in which the epileptic focus is in the temporal lobe, is one of the most common types of epilepsy ...
Bailey and the development of anterior temporal lobectomy: A historical vignette". Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology. 13 (2 ... Varoglu, Asuman Orhan; Saygi, Serap; Acemoglu, Hamit; Ciger, Abdurrahman (2009). "Prognosis of patients with mesial temporal ...
... formal neuropsychological testing has some predictive power regarding seizure outcome following anterior temporal lobectomy. ...
In one unusual case, an anterior temporal lobectomy relieved an epileptic man's fetish for safety pins. Various explanations ... Mitchell, W., Falconer, M., & Hill, D. (1954). "Epilepsy with fetishism relieved by temporal lobectomy". The Lancet. 264 (6839 ...
For the tumor to be completely removed doctors need to perform resections consisting an anterior temporal lobectomy or amygdalo ... When an MRI is taken there are lesions located in the temporal parietal region of the brain. Typical DNTs can be detected in an ... DNTs are found in the temporal lobe in 84% of reported cases. In children, DNTs account for 0.6% of diagnosed central nervous ... Most commonly found in the temporal lobe, DNTs have been classified as benign tumours. These are glioneuronal tumours ...
Penfield and Flanigan first described anterior temporal lobectomy, partial surgical removal of the temporal lobe, for treatment ... However, study outcomes are more variable on language non-dominant anterior temporal lobectomy leading to nonverbal memory ... In a prospective randomized controlled trial comparing anterior temporal lobectomy to medical therapy for pharmacoresistant ... Temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common focal onset epilepsy, and 80% of temporal lobe epilepsy is mesial (medial) temporal ...
... result in areas that are strongly connected with the severed tracts or restricted cortex during an anterior temporal lobectomy ... Implications for temporal lobectomy". Epilepsy & Behavior. 7 (3): 383-398. doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2005.07.020. PMID 16198151. ... Temporal lobe lesions also cause transneuronal degeneration, the effects of which can be seen in the fornix, mammillary bodies ... If this exocitotoxic process occurs rapidly, it results in a more rapid death of anterior horn cells resulting in lower motor ...
... as in anterior temporal lobectomy), or a lobe of the liver (hepatectomy). A lobectomy of the lung is performed in early-stage ... Lobectomy means surgical excision of a lobe. This may refer to a lobe of the lung (also simply called a lobectomy), a lobe of ... Lung lobectomies are performed on patients as young as eleven or twelve who have no cancer or smoking history, but have ... Tumor size, type, and location are major factors as to whether a lobectomy is performed. This can be due to cancer or smoking. ...
... anterior temporal lobectomy MeSH E04.525.090 - brain tissue transplantation MeSH E04.525.160 - cerebral decortication MeSH ...
Temporal lobectomy is a procedure that removes parts of the anterior temporal lobe in treating seizures due to perinatal stroke ...
... was an American who had a bilateral medial temporal lobectomy to surgically resect the anterior two thirds of his hippocampi, ... S. Corkin (1984). "Lasting consequences of bilateral medial temporal lobectomy: Clinical course and experimental findings in H. ... Corkin, Suzanne (1984). "Lasting consequences of bilateral medial temporal lobectomy: Clinical course and experimental findings ... Consequently, the medial temporal lobes can be assumed to be a major component involved in the formation of semantic and ...
In the temporal cortex, for instance, the medial region is related to recollection whereas the anterior region is related to ... "Defects in taste and smell recognition following temporal lobectomy". Transactions of the American Neurological Association. ... Small, D. M.; Jones-Gotman, M.; Zatorre, R. J.; Petrides, M.; Evans, A. C. (1997). "A role for the right anterior temporal lobe ... Gustatory recognition memory, or the recognition of taste, is correlated with activity in the anterior temporal lobe (ATL). In ...
In Klüver-Bucy syndrome, a temporal lobectomy, or removal of the temporal lobes, results in changes involving fear and ... In the frontal lobes, other cortices involved with phobia and fear are the anterior cingulate cortex and the medial prefrontal ... The amygdala is an almond-shaped mass of nuclei located deep in the brain's medial temporal lobe. It processes the events ... Damage to both side (Bilateral damage) of the medial temporal lobes is known as Urbach-Wiethe disease. It presents with similar ...
... was impaired after either right or left temporal lobectomy. Finally, after a right but not left temporal lobectomy, impairments ... the superior and inferior right temporal gyri, the right anterior cingulate gyrus and parietal lobe region. There was also some ... but not right temporal lobectomy. However, melody recognition when a tune was sung with new words (as compared to encoding) ... By studying the learning curves of patients who have had damage to either their left or right medial temporal lobes, Wilson & ...
Other less common etiologies include carbon monoxide poisoning, temporal lobectomy, encephalitis, neoplasm, right temporal lobe ... Right anterior temporal regions may also play a critical role in associative prosopagnosia. People with this form of the ... The inferior occipital areas are mainly involved in the early stages of face perception and the anterior temporal structures ... Gainotti G, Marra C (2011). "Differential contribution of right and left temporo-occipital and anterior temporal lesions to ...
He "had undergone a bilateral temporal lobectomy that included removal of major portions of the hippocampus." She studied the ... impairment of recent memory whenever the removal is carried far enough posteriorly to damage portions of the anterior ... who had undergone a medial temporal lobectomy and had subsequent memory impairment. This garnered the attention of Wilder ... Intellectual Function of the Temporal Lobes'. In this publication she presented data that showed that temporal lobe damage can ...
... and is called an anterior temporal leucotomy. "Il preteso corpo" is a hospital documentary about the testing of the drug ( ... A lobotomy, also known as a lobectomy or leucotomy, was a neurosurgery approach. It entailed severing the connections between ...
Klüver, H; Bucy, PC (1937). ""Psychic blindness" and other symptoms following bilateral temporal lobectomy in Rhesus monkeys". ... in concert with the anterior cingulate cortex) in the control of attention. In 1971, John O'Keefe and his student Jonathan ... The hippocampal formation is a compound structure in the medial temporal lobe of the brain. It forms a c-shaped bulge on the ... Klüver, H; Bucy, PC (1939). "Preliminary analysis of functions of the temporal lobes in monkeys". Archives of Neurology and ...
In the early 1890s, Friedrich Goltz conducted experiments on temporal lobectomy in dogs including the removal of the amygdala ... "Bilateral anterior capsulotomy and amygdalotomy for mental retardation with psychiatric symptoms and aggression". Medicine. 96 ... A more detailed analysis of specific regions of the temporal lobe in animals revealed that the limbic system, specifically the ... Deep brain stimulation studies in animals revealed that the temporal lobe is involved in mediating expressions of rage and ...
It is the second most common type of epilepsy after temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), and is related to the temporal form in that ... However, frontal lobectomy and MCD contribute to lower seizure controls. But, in children with conditions like Sturge-Weber ... Supplementary motor area Area anterior to the primary motor cortex that is involved in planning complex motor movements and ... It has been found that around 30% to 50% of patients that undergo a frontal lobectomy will forever be free from seizures that ...
... since strokes can involve the temporal lobe in the temporal cortex, and the temporal cortex houses the hippocampus. Finally, ... If the memory was created from before his lobectomy, he still had the ability to retrieve it and remember. However, he was able ... Saito Y, Matsumura K, Shimizu T. "Anterograde amnesia associated with infarction of the anterior fornix and genu of the corpus ... "Temporal order memory in patients with Korsakoff's syndrome and medial temporal amnesia" Neuropsychologia 2002; 40(7):853-61. ...
After performing a temporal lobectomy, the monkeys showed a decrease in aggression. The animals revealed a reduced threshold to ... part of the hypothalamus that receives signals from the hippocampus via the fornix and projects them to the thalamus Anterior ... Kluver, H.; Bucy, P. C. (June 1937). "Psychic blindness" and other symptoms following bilateral temporal lobectomy". American ... Based on experiments done on monkeys, the destruction of the temporal cortex almost always led to damage of the amygdala. This ...
Farah MJ; Soso MJ; Dasheiff RM (1992). "Visual angle of the mind's eye before and after unilateral occipital lobectomy". J Exp ... Visual mental imagery can instead be impaired by left temporal damage. Consistent with these findings, a meta-analysis of 27 ... Olfactory imagery research shows activation in the anterior piriform cortex and the posterior piriform cortex; experts in ... Auditory imagery in general occurs across participants in the temporal voice area (TVA), which allows top-down imaging ...
The first bilateral lobectomy of a human subject was performed by the American neurosurgeon Walter Dandy in 1930. The ... The surgery causes most of the connections to and from the prefrontal cortex, the anterior part of the frontal lobes of the ... around the motor region of the temporal lobe, he hoped to break their lines of communication and thus alleviate both mental ... In 1922, the Italian neurologist Leonardo Bianchi published a detailed report on the results of bilateral lobectomies in ...
Common procedures include cutting out the hippocampus via an anterior temporal lobe resection, removal of tumors, and removing ... "A lifetime psychiatric history predicts a worse seizure outcome following temporal lobectomy". Neurology. 72 (9): 793-799. doi: ... The risk is greatest for tumors in the temporal lobe and those that grow slowly. Other mass lesions such as cerebral cavernous ... Three types have been used in those who do not respond to medications: vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), anterior thalamic ...
"Differential spatial memory impairment after right temporal lobectomy demonstrated using temporal titration". Brain. 122 (1): ... Rats with lesions to the anterior region of the posterior parietal cortex reexplore displaced objects, while rats with lesions ... Gutbrod, K; Cohen, R; Maier, T; Meier, E (1987). "Memory for spatial and temporal order in aphasics and right hemisphere ... Corsi, P. M. (1972). "Human memory and the medial temporal region of the brain". Dissertation Abstracts International. 34 (2): ...
Anterior temporal lobectomy is the complete or partial removal of the anterior portion of the temporal lobe of the brain. The ... Anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) was popularised in the early 1980s and was found effective. "Epilepsy surgery, Temporal ... including lateral temporal cortex along with medial structures, from using more restricted anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) to ... "anterior_temporal_lobectomy [Operative Neurosurgery]". operativeneurosurgery.com. Retrieved 2022-01-07. Wiebe S, Blume WT, ...
A, Coronal section through the right temporal lobe. The cortical incision (red arrows)... ... Anterior Temporal Lobectomy and Amygdalohippocampectomy. A, Coronal section through the right temporal lobe. The cortical ... Stepwise dissection in a cadaveric specimen showing the anterior temporal lobectomy and amygdalohippocampectomy. B, Temporal ... G, Lateral surgical view after a right anterior temporal lobectomy plus resection of amygdala, uncus, hippocampus, and ...
Predicting verbal memory decline following anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL).﻽. Stroup E, Langfitt J, Berg M, McDermott M, ... Lateralization of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with chronic ambulatory electrocorticography.﻽. King-Stephens D, Mirro E, Weber ... Design considerations for a multicenter randomized controlled trial of early surgery for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. ... Failure of Standard Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients with Regractory Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. ...
Temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common epilepsy syndrome in adults. Seizures usually begin in late childhood or adolescence. ... When seizures persist, anterior temporal lobectomy is the treatment of choice. [1, 2] ... Imaging in Mesial Temporal Sclerosis (Temporal Lobe Epilepsy) * Sections Imaging in Mesial Temporal Sclerosis (Temporal Lobe ... encoded search term (Imaging in Mesial Temporal Sclerosis (Temporal Lobe Epilepsy)) and Imaging in Mesial Temporal Sclerosis ( ...
Emotional/Psychiatric Symptom Change and Amygdala Volume After Anterior Temporal Lobectomy. Daniel Moadel, BA; Gaelle Eve ...
Employment outcome and satisfaction after anterior temporal lobectomy for refractory epilepsy: a developing countrys ... Prognostic importance of serial postoperative EEGs after anterior temporal lobectomy., Neurology, 2011, 76; 1925-31, http://www ... How safe is it to withdraw antiepileptic drugs following successful surgery for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy?, Epilepsia, 2011 ... Extent of initial injury determines language lateralization in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE- ...
The effects of anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) on the middle-latency auditory evoked potential (MLAEP) Electroencephalography ... Presurgical neuropsychological testing predicts cognitive and seizure outcomes after anterior temporal lobectomy. Epilepsy & ... Presurgical neuropsychological testing predicts cognitive and seizure outcomes after anterior temporal lobectomy Epilepsy & ... Medial temporal fMRI activation reflects memory lateralization and memory performance in patients with epilepsy. Epilepsy & ...
... variability and network of the hippocampus is essential for medial temporal tumor surgery via anterior temporal lobectomy with ... The temporal branches of the FN stay predominantly superficial to the superficial leaflet of the temporal fascia in the loose ... Three veins were involved in hippocampal drainage-the anterior hippocampal, anterior longitudinal hippocampal, and posterior ... The PPsb is anterior and medial to and below the sixth cranial nerve, forming the floor of Dorellos canal. During surgery, ...
Aura Type and Outcome After Anterior Temporal Lobectomy. Rendon, L. F., Bick, S. K., Cash, S. S., Cole, A. J., Eskandar, E. N. ... Responsive neurostimulation targeting anterior thalamic nucleus in generalized epilepsy. Herlopian, A., Cash, S. S., Eskandar, ... A procedure to increase the power of Granger-causal analysis through temporal smoothing. Spencer, E., Martinet, L. E., Eskandar ... Spatiotemporal spike-centered averaging reveals symmetry of temporal and spatial components of the spike-LFP relationship ...
Anterior Temporal Lobectomy 2. Is the sample sufficiently large and representative of the population of concern? Each state has ...
Anterior Temporal Lobectomy Medicine and Dentistry 100% * Symptom Medicine and Dentistry 50% ... Eating epilepsy in Oman: A case series and report on the efficacy of temporal lobectomy. / Gujjar, Arunodaya R.; Jacob, P. C.; ... Eating epilepsy in Oman: A case series and report on the efficacy of temporal lobectomy. Sultan Qaboos University Medical ... Eating epilepsy in Oman : A case series and report on the efficacy of temporal lobectomy. In: Sultan Qaboos University Medical ...
... right anterior temporal lobectomy, amygdalohippocampectomy, and excision of the right frontal lesion. At surgery, the temporal ... The temporal lesion was larger and was partly cystic and solid, involving the neocortex and mesial temporal structures. The ... The entire lesion in the frontal region, temporal neocortex, and hippocampus was removed. The lesion in the amygdala was only ... An emergency MRI brain done in the immediate postoperative period confirmed total excision of the right frontal and temporal ...
Based on its perfect temporal resolution, magnetoencephalography (MEG) is now heavily used to study oscillatory activity in the ... and promises improved spatial resolution coupled with extremely high temporal resolution (better than 1 ms). Since the MEG ... and multi-start spatial and temporal modeling (MSST) are applied to the analysis of MEG responses. The limitations of dipole ... as opposed to PET and high temporal resolution as opposed to fMRI. ...
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Revised in the evaluation of anterior temporal lobectomies. Epilepsia 36,(5) 480-487. ...
Anterior Temporal Lobectomy - Preferred Concept UI. M0416070. Scope note. A neurosurgical procedure that removes the anterior ... lobectomía temporal anterior. Scope note:. Procedimiento neuroquirúrgico que elimina el LÓBULO TEMPORAL anterior incluyendo las ... A neurosurgical procedure that removes the anterior TEMPORAL LOBE including the medial temporal structures of CEREBRAL CORTEX; ... This procedure is generally used for the treatment of intractable temporal epilepsy (EPILEPSY, TEMPORAL LOBE). ...
Anterior Temporal Lobectomy anteriad Antequera y Castro, José de (1693-1731) Antequera y Castro, José de ...
... an anterior temporal lobectomy with amygdalohippocampectomy along with resection of the ictal onset zone was conducted. In ... anterior temporal lobectomy; AH, amigdalohippocampectomy; HS, hippocampal sclerosis. ... Pt., patient; PostOp, post-operative; F/U, follow-up; M, male; Lt., left; ant, anterior; lat, lateral; T, temporal lobe; MRI, ... Brain tumors were located in the lateral temporal lobes in five patients and in the medial temporal and occipital lobes in one ...
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy 85% * Drug Resistant Epilepsy 83% * Anterior Temporal Lobectomy 49% ... Drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy with temporal encephaloceles: How far to resect. Smith, K. M., Kanth, K. M., Krecke, K. N ... A phase 1 open-label trial evaluating focused ultrasound unilateral anterior thalamotomy for focal onset epilepsy. Krishna, V. ...
Cortical gene expression: prognostic value for seizure outcome following temporal lobectomy and amygdalohippocampectomy. Gallek ... Interhemispheric propagation time and temporal lobe epileptogenicity. Weinand, M., Serxner, B., Labiner, D. & Ahern, G., Jun ... Cortical gene expression correlates of temporal lobe epileptogenicity. McCallum, A. P., Gallek, M. J., Ramey, W., Manziello, A. ... Lexical retrieval and semantic knowledge in patients with left inferior temporal lobe lesions. Antonucci, S., Beeson, P., ...
Patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) suffer from both uncontrollable seizures and cognition impairments. Although ... Age Effect on Cognition Improvements after Unilateral Anterior Temporal Lobectomy in Adults with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Author ... Although unilateral anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) is one of the most efficient treatments for TLE, the cognition outcomes ... Patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) suffer from both uncontrollable seizures and cognition impairments. ...
The anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) and selective amygdalohippocampectomy (SeIAH) have been used for surgical treatment of ... The trans-middle temporal gyrus approach is commonly used in treatment of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy patients. A better ... We examined the comprehensive white matter tract anatomy of the temporal lobe to gain an insight into the trans-middle temporal ... The transmiddle temporal gyrus approach was performed in a stepwise manner on cadaveric human heads to examine the traversing ...
In fact, 90% of patients with temporal interictal epileptiform abnormalities on their electroencephalograms (EEGs) have a ... The temporal lobe is the most epileptogenic region of the brain. ... Anterior Temporal Lobectomy. *Amygdalohippocampectomy. * ... Seizure outcome after temporal lobectomy for temporal lobe epilepsy: a Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Neurology. 2000 Feb 8. ... encoded search term (Temporal Lobe Epilepsy) and Temporal Lobe Epilepsy What to Read Next on Medscape ...
... twenty-one without surgery and nineteen after anterior temporal lobectomy) as well as twenty healthy controls (HC) took part in ... twenty-one without surgery and nineteen after anterior temporal lobectomy) as well as twenty healthy controls (HC) took part in ... twenty-one without surgery and nineteen after anterior temporal lobectomy) as well as twenty healthy controls (HC) took part in ... twenty-one without surgery and nineteen after anterior temporal lobectomy) as well as twenty healthy controls (HC) took part in ...
pediatric epilepsy, anterior temporal lobectomy, lesionectomy, callosotomy, hemispherotomy Abstract. Objective: to evaluate the ... Anterior temporal lobectomy was performed in 16 (57.1%) patients, lesionectomy - in 9 (10.0%), microsurgical callosotomy in 18 ... PET-positive temporal lobe epilepsy. Seizure. 2015 Jul;29:63-8. [CrossRef] [PubMed] ...
All patients underwent anterior temporal lobectomy and were seizure-free. Based on the semiology of the HA occurrence, the ... Patients were divided into four groups depending on the SOZ into frontal, posterior, neocortical temporal, and mesial temporal ... Metabolic phenotyping of hand automatisms in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Mo, Jiajie; Wang, Yao; Zhang, Jianguo; Cai, Lixin; ... The hypometabolic patterns of FCD type I and temporal lobe FCD were more extensive than those of FCD type II and frontal lobe ...
Age of meningitis or encephalitis is independently predictive of outcome from anterior temporal lobectomy. Neurology. 2002;58(1 ... Preoperative MRI predicts outcome of temporal lobectomy: an actuarial analysis. Neurology. 1995;45(7):1358-63. ... The involvement of mesial temporal lobe during CNS infection is common and has been reported in 64.3% of epilepsy patients ... Brain infiltration of leukocytes contributes to the pathophysiology of temporal lobe epilepsy. J Neurosci. 2011;31(11):4037-50. ...
... temporal pole)의 보전 정도가 수술 후 의미기억(semantic memory) 기능과 관련 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서, 내측두엽 뇌전증에서 전측두엽 절제술(anterior temporal lobectomy)이 ... Changes in individual and group spatial and verbal learning characteristics after anterior temporal lobectomy. Epilepsia 2009; ... Improvements in memory function following anterior temporal lobe resection for epilepsy. Neurology 2008;71:1319-1325. ... Long-term effects of temporal lobectomy on intelligence. Neurology 2004;62:607-611. ...
... anterior superior temporal gyrus; antMTG, anterior middle temporal gyrus. Download Table 3-1, DOCX file. ... of each left temporal lobectomy patient. Broken lines join the swap error rates of each right temporal lobectomy patient. Error ... 2014) compared patients, who had undergone anterior temporal lobectomies for medically refractory epilepsy, and healthy ... Different types of working memory binding in epilepsy patients with unilateral anterior temporal lobectomy. Brain Cogn 85:231- ...
Age of meningitis or encephalitis is independently predictive of outcome from anterior temporal lobectomy (2002). (22) ... Spatial and temporal patterns of immunoreactive transforming growth factor beta 1, beta 2, and beta 3 during excisional wound ... Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Immunoreactive Transforming Growth Factor f31, 132, and f33 during Excisional Wound Repair ( ...
... who underwent anterior temporal lobectomy were consecutively collected between 2016 and 2021... ... PURPOSE: Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a common, polygenic epilepsy syndrome that involves glucose hypometabolism in the ... associated-with-the-expression-of-genes-related-to-neurovascular-unit-integrity-and-synaptic-plasticity-in-temporal-lobe- ... are associated with the expression of genes related to neurovascular unit integrity and synaptic plasticity in temporal lobe ...
  • The techniques for removing temporal lobe tissue vary from resection of large amounts of tissue, including lateral temporal cortex along with medial structures, from using more restricted anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) to more restricted removal of only the medial structures (selective amygdalohippocampectomy). (wikipedia.org)
  • A 43-year-old man with medically intractable complex partial seizures of right temporal origin underwent anterior temporal lobectomy with amygdalohippocampectomy. (medscape.com)
  • The anterior temporal lobectomy with amygdalohippocampectomy was uneventful, and the histopathology was consistent with hippocampal sclerosis. (medscape.com)
  • Standard procedures to be performed are 1) anterior temporal lobectomy or 2) amygdalohippocampectomy for temporal lobe epilepsy, 3) focal cortical resection for epilepsy that arises outside the temporal lobe, 4) removal of brain lesions causing epilepsy, and 5) multiple subpial transection. (nih.gov)
  • 9 , 43 ] To achieve the treatment objective, two main methods are used: anteromedial temporal lobectomy and selective amygdalohippocampectomy. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • Both groups were further subdivided into patients undergoing transsylvian selective amygdalohippocampectomy (sAH) and anterior temporal lobectomy with amygdalohippocampectomy (ATL). (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
  • Seizure outcome in both groups was about equally successful with selective amygdalohippocampectomy and anterior temporal lobectomy (ns). (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
  • Caliente casino mexico seizure outcome in pediatric medically refractory temporal lobe epilepsy surgery: selective amygdalohippocampectomy versus anterior temporal lobectomy, as well as your laptop. (pavesmart.ca)
  • For instance, epilepsy secondary to mesial temporal sclerosis may be approached using anterior temporal lobectomy with amygdalohippocampectomy, 6 stereotactic laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT), 14 or neuromodulatory therapy. (nootropicsnewshubb.com)
  • Nearly all reports of seizure outcome following these procedures indicate that the best outcome group includes patients with MRI evidence of mesial temporal sclerosis (hippocampal atrophy with increased T-2 signal). (wikipedia.org)
  • His presurgical brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed right basal ganglia and thalamic infarcts and right mesial temporal sclerosis. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Although such treatment can be costly, multiple studies have demonstrated that ATL in patients who have failed at least two anticonvulsant drug trials (thereby meeting the criteria for medically intractable temporal lobe epilepsy) has lower mortality, lower morbidity and lower long-term cost in comparison with continued medical therapy without surgical intervention. (wikipedia.org)
  • Therefore, ATL is considered the standard of care for patients with medically intractable mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. (wikipedia.org)
  • Temporal lobectomy is the definitive treatment for medically intractable temporal lobe epilepsy, as it has a high seizure-free rate. (medscape.com)
  • To investigate the relationship between the apolipoprotein (ApoE) epsilon4 allele and memory performance (verbal and nonverbal) in patients with medically intractable temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) who underwent temporal lobectomy. (nih.gov)
  • The ApoE-epsilon4 allele interacts with longstanding seizures to affect memory performance, both verbal and nonverbal, in patients with medically intractable temporal lobe epilepsy. (nih.gov)
  • This procedure is generally used for the treatment of intractable temporal epilepsy ( EPILEPSY, TEMPORAL LOBE ). (nih.gov)
  • Does resection of the medial temporal lobe improve the outcome of temporal lobe epilepsy surgery? (wikipedia.org)
  • The presurgical data are concordant with medial temporal lobe epilepsy, and this was confirmed by the pathology of hippocampal sclerosis. (medscape.com)
  • Medial temporal lobe epilepsy is certainly not fully understood, and its surgical treatment not perfect. (medscape.com)
  • Surgical substrates included 8 patients with hypothalamic hamartomas, 5 with medial temporal lobe epilepsy, 3 with deep focal cortical dysplasia, 1 with tuberous sclerosis, 1 with a cavernous malformation, and 1 with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome who underwent anterior corpus callosotomy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The strongest evidence supporting ATL over continued medical therapy for medically refractory temporal lobe epilepsy is a prospective, randomized trial of ATL compared to best medical therapy (anticonvulsants), which convincingly demonstrated that the seizure-free rate after surgery was ~ 60% as compared to only 8% for the medicine only group. (wikipedia.org)
  • 7. Health-related quality of life outcome in medically refractory epilepsy treated with anterior temporal lobectomy. (nih.gov)
  • It is a treatment option for temporal lobe epilepsy for those in whom anticonvulsant medications do not control epileptic seizures, and who have frequent seizures, and who additionally qualify based on a WADA test to localize the dominant hemisphere for language module. (wikipedia.org)
  • About 90% of people experience an improvement in seizures after temporal lobectomy. (wikipedia.org)
  • For patients who had mesial temporal lobe epilepsy and disabling seizures for no more than 2 consecutive years following adequate trials of 2 brand-name AEDs, Engel et al found that resective surgery plus AED treatment resulted in a lower probability of seizures for at least 2 years posttreatment, as well as improved health-related quality of life, than continued AED treatment alone. (medscape.com)
  • The authors present a case of an 11-year-old boy with refractory partial seizures and continuous spike wave in slow-wave sleep who was treated with an anterior temporal lobectomy. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) can be associated with emotion recognition impairment that can be particularly severe in patients with early onset seizures (1-3). (ox.ac.uk)
  • MRI will help assess the degree of medial resection, which should include the amygdala, the hippocampus back to the point where the tail begins to curve around the posterior aspect of the brainstem, and the entorhinal cortex (anterior parahippocampal gyrus). (medscape.com)
  • Therefore, a volumetric resection of the epileptogenic frontal basal tissue up to the anterior commissure was completed. (lookfordiagnosis.com)
  • The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of multiple hippocampal transections (MHT) in the treatment of drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • BACKGROUND: Temporal lobe gray-white matter abnormalities (GWMA) are frequent morphological aberrances observed on MRI in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) in addition to hippocampal sclerosis (HS). (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
  • Hippocampal Pathophysiology: Commonality Shared by Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and Psychiatric Disorders. (monz.pl)
  • The authors administered the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Trails B, and the Controlled Oral Word Association Test to 174 temporal lobe epilepsy patients who underwent ATL. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • This has demonstrated validity in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients, and is currently being studied in a variety of other patient populations. (yale.edu)
  • Visual memory functioning in pre and postsurgical temporal lobe epilepsy patients. (yale.edu)
  • Catatonia following surgery for temporal lobe epilepsy successfully treated with electroconvulsive therapy. (nih.gov)
  • I am administering complete epilepsy batteries including the Brown Location Test to epilepsy patients before or after surgery with the goal of identifying those more consistently associated with right temporal lobe epilepsy, and the utility in predicting postsurgical changes. (yale.edu)
  • Resective surgery is an effective treatment for drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • His expertise includes muscle sparing anterior hip replacement, minimally invasive total knee and partial knee replacement, complex revision total hip and total knee replacement, computer-assisted surgery, and trauma of the lower extremity. (onsmd.com)
  • Whereas, there is growing evidence that memory and language can improve in seizure-free patients after anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) (4), the effects of surgery on emotional processing are still unknown. (ox.ac.uk)
  • right, 49) from four epilepsy centers who were candidates for anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) and who have subsequently undergone surgery were studied. (stanfordhealthcare.org)
  • The nociferous cortex hypothesis predicts that electrophysiological normalization to distal extratemporal brain regions following anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) will result in improvements in executive functioning. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • All patients suffered from refractory epilepsy caused by focal lesions of the mesial temporal complex or temporal pole in dominant side. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • Postoperative pathology revealed neuronal-glial tumors in two patients, focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) of the temporal pole - in two patients, cavernous angioma - in one patient, and encephalocele of the preuncal area - in one patient. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • Fluctuating Kluver-Bucy syndrome in a child with epilepsy due to bilateral anterior temporal congenital malformations. (nih.gov)
  • Resting state functional connectivity demonstrates increased segregation in bilateral temporal lobe epilepsy. (musc.edu)
  • Anterior temporal lobectomy is the complete or partial removal of the anterior portion of the temporal lobe of the brain. (wikipedia.org)
  • We recruited 39 patients who had undergone anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) for drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) between 1994 and 2002. (austin.org.au)
  • Recovery from emotion recognition impairment after temporal lobectomy. (ox.ac.uk)
  • OBJECTIVE: To study the influence of temporal pole GWMA on clinical characteristics and seizure outcome in patients with HS operated on for TLE. (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
  • MHT can be considered as an effective method of drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy caused by tumors of the medial temporal complex. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • The normalization of his sleep electroencephalogram following the anterior temporal lobectomy suggests that temporal lobe structures may be involved in the seizure network needed to generate continuous spike wave in slow-wave sleep. (elsevierpure.com)
  • PURPOSE: The Heschl Gyrus (HG), which includes the Primary Auditory Cortex (PAC), lies on the upper surface of the superior temporal gyrus (T1). (bvsalud.org)
  • The excision of lung tissue including partial or total lung lobectomy. (bvsalud.org)
  • The lesions are either located near extra-axial infection or at common sites of hematogenous spread that are usually supratentorial, usually in the anterior circulation (ACA and MCA), and usually at the grey-white matter junctions and basal ganglia. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
  • Yilmazer-Hanke D, O'Loughlin E, Mcdermott K. Contribution of amygdala pathology to comorbid emotional disturbances in temporal lobe epilepsy. (monz.pl)
  • In mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, NAA(N-Acetyl Aspartate) has reduced concentration in epileptogenic hippocampus and contralateral hippocampus. (wikipedia.org)
  • This relationship was observed both before and after temporal lobectomy, with little change in test performance over time. (nih.gov)
  • Why Is My Patient Continuing to Have Temporal Lobe. (medscape.com)
  • and ictal SPECT and neuropsychological evaluation concordant with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). (medscape.com)
  • Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Revised in the evaluation of anterior temporal lobectomies. (bvsalud.org)
  • Anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) was popularised in the early 1980s and was found effective. (wikipedia.org)