The front third of the eyeball that includes the structures between the front surface of the cornea and the front of the VITREOUS BODY.
The most anterior portion of the uveal layer, separating the anterior chamber from the posterior. It consists of two layers - the stroma and the pigmented epithelium. Color of the iris depends on the amount of melanin in the stroma on reflection from the pigmented epithelium.
A ring of tissue extending from the scleral spur to the ora serrata of the RETINA. It consists of the uveal portion and the epithelial portion. The ciliary muscle is in the uveal portion and the ciliary processes are in the epithelial portion.
The back two-thirds of the eye that includes the anterior hyaloid membrane and all of the optical structures behind it: the VITREOUS HUMOR; RETINA; CHOROID; and OPTIC NERVE.
The space in the eye, filled with aqueous humor, bounded anteriorly by the cornea and a small portion of the sclera and posteriorly by a small portion of the ciliary body, the iris, and that part of the crystalline lens which presents through the pupil. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed, p109)
The organ of sight constituting a pair of globular organs made up of a three-layered roughly spherical structure specialized for receiving and responding to light.
Processes and properties of the EYE as a whole or of any of its parts.
The transparent anterior portion of the fibrous coat of the eye consisting of five layers: stratified squamous CORNEAL EPITHELIUM; BOWMAN MEMBRANE; CORNEAL STROMA; DESCEMET MEMBRANE; and mesenchymal CORNEAL ENDOTHELIUM. It serves as the first refracting medium of the eye. It is structurally continuous with the SCLERA, avascular, receiving its nourishment by permeation through spaces between the lamellae, and is innervated by the ophthalmic division of the TRIGEMINAL NERVE via the ciliary nerves and those of the surrounding conjunctiva which together form plexuses. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)
A porelike structure surrounding the entire circumference of the anterior chamber through which aqueous humor circulates to the canal of Schlemm.
A transparent, biconvex structure of the EYE, enclosed in a capsule and situated behind the IRIS and in front of the vitreous humor (VITREOUS BODY). It is slightly overlapped at its margin by the ciliary processes. Adaptation by the CILIARY BODY is crucial for OCULAR ACCOMMODATION.

Hyaluronan synthase expression in bovine eyes. (1/421)

PURPOSE: Hyaluronan (HA), a high-molecular-weight linear glycosaminoglycan, is a component of the extracellular matrix (ECM). It is expressed in eyes and plays important roles in many biologic processes, including cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation. Hyaluronan is produced by HA synthase (HAS), which has three isoforms: HAS1, HAS2, and HAS3. In this study, the HAS expression in the anterior segment of bovine eyes was investigated to determine the significance of HA in eyes. METHODS: To obtain bovine HAS probes, degenerate oligonucleotide primers, based on well-conserved amino acid sequences including the catalytic region of each HAS isoform, were used for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to amplify mRNA from bovine corneal endothelial cells (BCECs). Hyaluronan synthase-1 expression in the anterior segment of bovine eyes at the protein level was investigated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: All three HAS isoforms were expressed in BCECs at the mRNA level. Amplified cDNA fragments of HAS1, HAS2, and HAS3 from BCECs can be aligned to human counterparts, showing similarities of 100%, 97.3%, and 100%, respectively, at the amino acid level. Hyaluronan synthase 1 was expressed at the protein level in corneal epithelium, keratocyte, corneal endothelium, conjunctival epithelium, ciliary epithelium, capillary endothelium, and trabecular meshwork. CONCLUSIONS: Hyaluronan synthase isoforms were expressed in the ocular anterior segment and are speculated to be involved in HA production in situ.  (+info)

Anterior polar cataracts in CS rats: a predictor of mature cataract formation. (2/421)

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to characterize the morphology of the anterior opacities formed during recovery from posterior subcapsular cataract (PSC) in Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats. METHODS: Lenses from RCS rats at 8 and 12 weeks postnatal (n = 14 and 12, respectively) were examined under a dissecting microscope for the presence of anterior opacities. Lenses with anterior opacities were fixed, embedded in epoxy resin, and sectioned along the optic axis for light microscopy (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS: At eight weeks postnatal, 21.5% of animals (3/14) had anterior cataracts. Light microscopy of 1- to 2-microm-thick sections revealed an anomalous layer of material located at the epithelium-fiber interface, which was identified as a zone of liquefaction by TEM. Epithelial cells had minor structural defects but were not necrotic. Anterior portions of elongating and cortical fibers under the zone of liquefaction were undisrupted, whereas their posterior portions had numerous vacuoles. The anterior opacities were classified as anterior polar cataracts (APCs) based on the location and type of morphologic damage in the affected lenses. At twelve weeks postnatal, 25% of animals (3/12) had APCs that involved prominent vesiculation of the anterior cortex. Ultrastructural examination showed that large vesicles were located between and inside anterior fibers and that most extracellular spaces were abnormally widened. Posteriorly, internalization of the PSC by new fiber growth was disordered and displayed vesiculation and density variations. In the bow region, LM revealed minor structural irregularities that were identified as groups of apparently degenerating fibers by TEM. CONCLUSIONS: APCs in RCS rats are caused by degeneration of elongating fibers in the bow region and subsequent damage in the superficial anterior cortex. The percentage of animals with APCs (25%) was consistent with the percentage of animals in which mature cataracts eventually develop. The morphologic changes, time of onset, and percentage of animals affected suggest that APC is the initial manifestation of mature cataract formation in RCS rats.  (+info)

Normal development of refractive state and ocular component dimensions in the marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). (3/421)

Refractive state and ocular dimensions were studied longitudinally in nine normal marmosets. Animals were anaesthetised and examined (with some exceptions) at 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 15, 24 and 39 weeks of age. Cycloplegic retinoscopy showed that hyperopia early in life rapidly diminished. Refraction corrected for the artefact of retinoscopy stabilised by 8 weeks of age, but at a slightly myopic value, rather than at emmetropia. The ocular components continued to change throughout the period studied. Corneal radius, measured by photokeratometry, increased slightly during development. Anterior segment depth and vitreous chamber depth (VCD), measured by A-scan ultrasonography, increased throughout development while lens thickness initially increased and then decreased. Data from the eyes of these normal animals were compared with that from the contralateral eyes of animals which received short periods of monocular deprivation early in life (Troilo, D., & Judge S.J. (1993). Ocular development and visual deprivation myopia in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus jacchus). Vision Research, 33, 1311-24); eyes which viewed through no lens or a plano lens (Graham, B. & Judge, S.J. (1999)). The effects of spectacle wear in infancy on eye growth and refractive error in the marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). Vision Research, 39, 189-206), and eyes of normal animals in another colony. There were no significant differences between the first two groups and the normal animals in our colony while age-matched animals from the other colony were slightly but significantly less myopic than our animals.  (+info)

High-resolution ultrasonic imaging of blood flow in the anterior segment of the eye. (4/421)

PURPOSE: To develop a noninvasive technique to visualize and measure blood flow in the iris and ciliary body. METHODS: Echo data from 50-MHz ultrasound scans of the iris and ciliary body of rabbits were digitized using a new "swept scan" modality. The method makes use of spatial oversampling to identify regions with scatterers whose range changes with time. The data allowed construction of high-resolution B-mode images with embedded flow information. Pulsatility over the cardiac cycle was evaluated by sending a series of pulses along a single line of sight containing a vessel of interest. Local blood flow and changes over the cardiac cycle before and after application of atropine were quantified. RESULTS: Flow was identified in the radial vessels and major arterial circle of the iris. Vessels with lumens as small as 40 microm in diameter and flow velocities as low as 0.6 mm/sec were measured. Change in blood velocity over the cardiac cycle was determined to be approximately 27%. Peak systolic velocity after administration of topical atropine increased by 72%. CONCLUSIONS: This technique allowed visualization of flow using the same type of very-high-frequency transducer now widely used for imaging the anterior segment. The technique can also be used at lower frequencies for more posterior tissues with similar improvement of resolution over Doppler. The ability to examine flow in the anterior segment of the eye offers a new tool for study of glaucoma, hypotony, tumors, and other disorders.  (+info)

Effects of UV-A radiation on lens epithelial NaK-ATPase in organ culture. (5/421)

PURPOSE: To investigate the mechanisms involved in the damage caused by UV-A irradiation at 365 nm on the eye lens. METHODS: Bovine lenses obtained from animals 1 to 5 years of age were placed in specially designed organ culture chambers for preincubation. Twenty-four hours later, the lenses were irradiated by 33 J/cm2 UV-A at 365 nm. During irradiation, the lenses were oriented in the culture so that the anterior surface faced the incident UV-A radiation source. After irradiation, lens optical quality was monitored throughout the 8 days of the culture period, and lens samples were taken for analysis of NaK-ATPase activity. RESULTS: Lens optics and NaK-ATPase activity were affected by irradiation of 33 J/cm2. The effects on lens epithelial NaK-ATPase activity were stronger at the equators than at the center. The damage to the activity at the center was reversible, as the lens optically recovered from the LW-A damage. CONCLUSIONS: Lens NaK-ATPase activity can recover from damage caused by UV-A at 365 nm. When the lenses received irradiation of 33 J/cm2, NaK-ATPase activity recovered from the damage during the culture period only at the center and not at the equators of the epithelium.  (+info)

Hydraulic pressure stimulates adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate accumulation in endothelial cells from Schlemm's canal. (6/421)

PURPOSE: Fluid flow across various endothelia results in a variety of intracellular and extracellular adaptations. In the living eye, aqueous humor flows across the surface of endothelial cells on trabecular meshwork (TM) beams and in the juxtacanalicular tissue and through or between a continuous monolayer of endothelial cells that line Schlemm's canal (SC). This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that fluid flow induces biochemical changes in the endothelial cells of the outflow pathway that may modify outflow resistance. METHODS: Trabecular meshwork and SC cells isolated from the outflow pathway of human cadaveric eyes were seeded onto porous filters, placed in Ussing-type chambers, and subjected to fluid flow driven by a pressure head of 15 mm Hg on their apical surface. Cell lysates were prepared and analyzed for adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation. Barrier function of cell monolayers was examined using transendothelial electrical resistance measurements. RESULTS: Three different SC cell strains in 14 independent experiments responded with at least a threefold increase in cAMP that was both time and pressure dependent. Conversely, flow-treated TM cells failed to respond in six independent experiments in which five different TM cell strains were used. Electrical resistance across cell monolayers positively correlated with cAMP accumulation and was calcium sensitive. CONCLUSIONS: cAMP signaling is affected by pressure differentials across SC cell monolayers and provides evidence for the participation of SC cells in the regulation of aqueous outflow.  (+info)

Effects of experimental ocular inflammation on ocular immune privilege. (7/421)

PURPOSE: To determine whether the inflammation of endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) and experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) alters key in vivo and in vitro parameters of ocular immune privilege. METHODS: For EIU induction, C3H/HeN mice received 200 microg lipopolysaccharide (LPS). For EAU induction, B10.A mice were immunized with 50 microg interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) mixed with complete Freund's adjuvant. Aqueous humor (AqH) was collected at periodic intervals and assayed for leukocyte content and the ability to suppress or enhance T-cell proliferation. Eyes with EAU were assessed for the capacity to support anterior chamber (AC)-associated immune deviation (ACAID) induction after injection of ovalbumin (OVA). RESULTS: Inflammation within the anterior segment in EIU peaked at 12 to 24 hours and was detected from 10 days onward in EAU. In AqH of EIU, protein content rose within 4 hours, followed by infiltrating leukocytes. EIU AqH promptly lost its capacity to suppress T-cell proliferation and became mitogenic for T cells. In AqH of EAU, protein and leukocyte content rose at 11 days and continued to remain elevated thereafter. Whereas 11-day EAU AqH failed to suppress T-cell proliferation, AqH at later time points reacquired immunosuppressive properties. Injection of OVA into the AC of eyes of mice with EAU failed to induce ACAID. CONCLUSIONS: The intraocular inflammation of EIU and EAU disrupted important parameters of immune privilege, ranging from breakdown of the blood- ocular barrier, to loss of an immunosuppressive microenvironment, to abrogation of ACAID. Because AqH from inflamed EAU reacquired the ability to suppress T-cell proliferation, the authors conclude that the capacity to regulate immune expression and inflammation can be a property even of inflamed eyes.  (+info)

Expression of the Mf1 gene in developing mouse hearts: implication in the development of human congenital heart defects. (8/421)

The transcription factor FKHL7 gene has recently been associated with the anterior segment dysgenesis disorder of the eye known as Axenfeld-Rieger anomaly (ARA). A growing body of evidence indicates that mutations in FKHL7 cause not only defects in the anterior segment of the eye but defects in the heart valves and septa as well. In order to evaluate its contribution to normal heart septation and valve formation, expression of the mouse homologue Mf1 in embryonic hearts was analyzed by in situ hybridization. A weak but significant level of Mf1 expression could be detected in the endocardium of mouse embryos as early as day 8.5 post-conception (p.c.). Mf1 expression was undetectable in the hearts of day 9.5 p.c. embryos, but by day 10.5-11 p.c., Mf1 transcripts could be found again in the endocardium of both the atrium and ventricle and a relatively strong signal was observed in the dorsal portion of the septum primum, in what appeared to be the spinal vestibule. At day 13 p.c. when aortic and pulmonary trunks are separated, relatively more Mf1 transcripts were detected in the leaflets of aortic, pulmonary, and venous valves, the ventral portion of the septum primum, as well as in the single layer of cells on the edges of the atrioventricular cushion tissues. Surprisingly, there was no signal detected in the developing interventricular septum. At day 15 p.c., overall Mf1 signals were greatly decreased. However, significant levels of expression could still be observed in the atrial septum, the tricuspid valve, the mitral valve, and in the venous valve but not in the interventricular septum. The temporal and spatial expression patterns of the Mf1 gene in developing mouse hearts suggest that Mf1 may play a critical role in the formation of valves and septa with the exception of the interventricular septum. This is further supported by our studies showing that mutations in the FKHL7 gene were associated with defects in the anterior segment of the eye as well as atrial septal defects or mitral valve defects. Dev Dyn 1999;216:16-27.  (+info)

The anterior eye segment refers to the front portion of the eye, which includes the cornea, iris, ciliary body, and lens. The cornea is the clear, dome-shaped surface at the front of the eye that refracts light entering the eye and provides protection. The iris is the colored part of the eye that controls the amount of light reaching the retina by adjusting the size of the pupil. The ciliary body is a muscle that changes the shape of the lens to focus on objects at different distances. The lens is a transparent structure located behind the iris that further refracts light to provide a clear image. Together, these structures work to focus light onto the retina and enable vision.

In medical terms, the iris refers to the colored portion of the eye that surrounds the pupil. It is a circular structure composed of thin, contractile muscle fibers (radial and circumferential) arranged in a regular pattern. These muscles are controlled by the autonomic nervous system and can adjust the size of the pupil in response to changes in light intensity or emotional arousal. By constricting or dilating the iris, the amount of light entering the eye can be regulated, which helps maintain optimal visual acuity under various lighting conditions.

The color of the iris is determined by the concentration and distribution of melanin pigments within the iris stroma. The iris also contains blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissue that support its structure and function. Anatomically, the iris is continuous with the ciliary body and the choroid, forming part of the uveal tract in the eye.

The ciliary body is a part of the eye's internal structure that is located between the choroid and the iris. It is composed of muscle tissue and is responsible for adjusting the shape of the lens through a process called accommodation, which allows the eye to focus on objects at varying distances. Additionally, the ciliary body produces aqueous humor, the clear fluid that fills the anterior chamber of the eye and helps to nourish the eye's internal structures. The ciliary body is also responsible for maintaining the shape and position of the lens within the eye.

The posterior segment of the eye refers to the back portion of the interior of the eye, including the vitreous, retina, choroid, and optic nerve. This region is responsible for processing visual information and transmitting it to the brain. The retina contains photoreceptor cells that convert light into electrical signals, which are then sent through the optic nerve to the brain for interpretation as images. Disorders of the posterior eye segment can lead to vision loss or blindness.

The anterior chamber is the front portion of the eye, located between the cornea (the clear front "window" of the eye) and the iris (the colored part of the eye). It is filled with a clear fluid called aqueous humor that provides nutrients to the structures inside the eye and helps maintain its shape. The anterior chamber plays an important role in maintaining the overall health and function of the eye.

The eye is the organ of sight, primarily responsible for detecting and focusing on visual stimuli. It is a complex structure composed of various parts that work together to enable vision. Here are some of the main components of the eye:

1. Cornea: The clear front part of the eye that refracts light entering the eye and protects the eye from harmful particles and microorganisms.
2. Iris: The colored part of the eye that controls the amount of light reaching the retina by adjusting the size of the pupil.
3. Pupil: The opening in the center of the iris that allows light to enter the eye.
4. Lens: A biconvex structure located behind the iris that further refracts light and focuses it onto the retina.
5. Retina: A layer of light-sensitive cells (rods and cones) at the back of the eye that convert light into electrical signals, which are then transmitted to the brain via the optic nerve.
6. Optic Nerve: The nerve that carries visual information from the retina to the brain.
7. Vitreous: A clear, gel-like substance that fills the space between the lens and the retina, providing structural support to the eye.
8. Conjunctiva: A thin, transparent membrane that covers the front of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelids.
9. Extraocular Muscles: Six muscles that control the movement of the eye, allowing for proper alignment and focus.

The eye is a remarkable organ that allows us to perceive and interact with our surroundings. Various medical specialties, such as ophthalmology and optometry, are dedicated to the diagnosis, treatment, and management of various eye conditions and diseases.

"Ocular physiological phenomena" is not a standardized medical term with a specific definition. However, I can provide some examples of ocular physiological phenomena, which refer to various normal functions and processes that occur in the eye. Here are a few examples:

1. Accommodation: The ability of the eye to change optical power to maintain a clear image or focus on an object as its distance varies. This is primarily achieved by changing the curvature of the lens through the action of the ciliary muscles.
2. Pupillary reflex: The automatic adjustment of the pupil's size in response to changes in light intensity. In bright light, the pupil constricts (miosis), while in dim light, it dilates (mydriasis). This reflex helps regulate the amount of light that enters the eye.
3. Tear production: The continuous secretion of tears by the lacrimal glands to keep the eyes moist and protected from dust, microorganisms, and other foreign particles.
4. Extraocular muscle function: The coordinated movement of the six extraocular muscles that control eyeball rotation and enable various gaze directions.
5. Color vision: The ability to perceive and distinguish different colors based on the sensitivity of photoreceptor cells (cones) in the retina to specific wavelengths of light.
6. Dark adaptation: The process by which the eyes adjust to low-light conditions, improving visual sensitivity primarily through changes in the rod photoreceptors' sensitivity and pupil dilation.
7. Light adaptation: The ability of the eye to adjust to different levels of illumination, mainly through alterations in pupil size and photoreceptor cell response.

These are just a few examples of ocular physiological phenomena. There are many more processes and functions that occur within the eye, contributing to our visual perception and overall eye health.

The cornea is the clear, dome-shaped surface at the front of the eye. It plays a crucial role in focusing vision. The cornea protects the eye from harmful particles and microorganisms, and it also serves as a barrier against UV light. Its transparency allows light to pass through and get focused onto the retina. The cornea does not contain blood vessels, so it relies on tears and the fluid inside the eye (aqueous humor) for nutrition and oxygen. Any damage or disease that affects its clarity and shape can significantly impact vision and potentially lead to blindness if left untreated.

The trabecular meshwork is a specialized tissue located in the anterior chamber angle of the eye, near the iris and cornea. It is composed of a network of interconnected beams or trabeculae that provide support and structure to the eye. The primary function of the trabecular meshwork is to regulate the outflow of aqueous humor, the fluid that fills the anterior chamber of the eye, and maintain intraocular pressure within normal ranges.

The aqueous humor flows from the ciliary processes in the posterior chamber of the eye through the pupil and into the anterior chamber. From there, it drains out of the eye through the trabecular meshwork and into the canal of Schlemm, which leads to the venous system. Any obstruction or damage to the trabecular meshwork can lead to an increase in intraocular pressure and potentially contribute to the development of glaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide.

The crystalline lens is a biconvex transparent structure in the eye that helps to refract (bend) light rays and focus them onto the retina. It is located behind the iris and pupil and is suspended by small fibers called zonules that connect it to the ciliary body. The lens can change its shape to accommodate and focus on objects at different distances, a process known as accommodation. With age, the lens may become cloudy or opaque, leading to cataracts.

... is a failure of the normal development of the tissues of the anterior segment of the eye. It leads to anomalies in the ... Anterior segment mesenchymal dysgenesis, or simply anterior segment dysgenesis (ASD), ... In this review, the role of the ASD genes, PITX2 and FOXC1, is considered in relation to the embryology of the anterior segment ... Interplay between PITX2 and FOXC1 in the development of different anterior segment tissues may partly explain the phenotypic ...
The anterior segment or anterior cavity is the front third of the eye that includes the structures in front of the vitreous ... Anterior segment." Archived September 27, 2006, at the Wayback Machine Cantabrian Institute of Ophthalmology. Anterior+Eye+ ... Within the anterior segment are two fluid-filled spaces: the anterior chamber between the posterior surface of the cornea (i.e ... Posterior segment Toxic anterior segment syndrome "WikiJournal of Medicine/Medical gallery of Blausen Medical 2014 - ...
Kumar, Vinay (2007). "Eye, Anterior Segment". Robbins basic pathology (8th ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders/Elsevier. ISBN 978- ... The ciliary body is a part of the uvea, one of the three layers that comprise the eye. The pars plicata is located anterior to ... is the folded and most anterior portion of the ciliary body of an eye. ... Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Articles with TA98 identifiers, Human eye anatomy). ...
Some species have small eye spots and some a central sensory lobe. Some of the anterior segments paired gills. The parapodia or ...
The first segment is very narrow and all black. The spots on the second segment do not reach the sides. In the females, ... The anterior anepisternum, meron, and metepisternum are bare. For males the pile of scutellum yellow or black or mixed, but in ... eyes bare. The metasternum and pleura are covered with white pile. The scutellum is raised, exposing the metanotum. ... The fifth segment is yellow, sometimes with a small median black spot. The spots on segments three and four are very slightly ...
Dr.Agarwal's eye hospital has also done for the first time an Anterior segment transplantation in a 4 month old child with ... Agarwal's Eye Hospital and Eye Research Centre in India, which includes 140+ eye hospitals. He is the recipient of the Best ... "Anterior segment transplantation with a novel biosynthetic graft". Eye & Contact Lens. 36 (2): 130-6. doi:10.1097/ICL. ... He heads Dr.Agarwals group of eye hospitals which has 67 eye hospitals. He has also been the Professor of Ophthalmology at Sri ...
Excretory system: Pared metanephridia opening by their own ducts at each internal "segment". Anterior nephridia modified to ... The rhabdomeric eyes of the Onychophora are thought to be homologous with the median ocelli of arthropods; this would suggest ... paired appendages on each segment; pairwise arrangement of waste-elimination organs in each segment; and above all, a rope- ... At their base is found a pair of simple eyes, except in a few blind species. In front of these, in many Australian species, are ...
Cephalic shield small, tapering slightly at anterior end. Trunk segment numbers increasing with age, maximum number examined ... In her 1987 description, Smithsonian biologist Jill Yager wrote 'Body elongate, slender, without eyes or pigment. ... Robert R. Hessler & Jill Yager (1998). "Skeletomusculature of trunk segments and their limbs in Speleonectes tulumensis ( ... and characterised morphologically by loss or extreme reduction of eyes and pigment, frequently with attenuated bodies and/or ...
Advanced Anterior Segment Meeting - The Barnet Dulaney Eye Foundation. Aspen 1996. Lans Lecture Award, International Society of ... Storz - 1st Prize for Video, II Video Festival of SBIIO, "Three years of Experience with Anterior Chamber Implants for the ... 1st Place Video Award in Scientific Contents: "Three-year experience in Anterior Chamber Implants for High Myopia Correction. ... of the Argentinean Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery Member of the ISRS-AAO Former Member of the American Board of Eye ...
"Visual Outcome after Anterior Segment Trauma of the Eye" (PDF). www.pjo.com.pk. "Board of Studies Medicine - University of ...
"Age-Related Changes in the Anterior Segment Biometry During Accommodation". Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science. 56 (6 ... The most complex Molluscan eye is the Cephalopod eye which is superficially similar structure and function to a vertebrate eye ... zonule and anterior vitreous comprise a diaphragm between the anterior and vitreous chambers of the eye. Ciliary muscle ... The young human eye can change focus from distance (infinity) to as near as 6.5 cm from the eye. This dramatic change in focal ...
... an anterior suture line of the head between the compound eyes, below the median ocellus. coxa first leg segment, between body ... prothorax The first segment on the thorax anterior to the mesothorax. pterostigma (plural pterostigmata) The prominent cell, ... 2. Simple eyes such as ocelli or stemmata face the area between the base of antennae, oral margin, eyes and cheeks (gena). See ... coccidophagy feeding on scale insects (and parasitoids of scale insects). compound eye An eye consisting of a large number of ...
Conjunctivitis and iritis of the anterior segment of the eye. The early investigators of onchocerciasis from 1874-1930 in ... And he found that living microfilariae elicited no or only a very slight reaction in the anterior chamber of the eye, whereas ... During this time he also visited the eye clinic of Ghent's university, which was run by van Duyse, on a regular basis. Soon ... On the farms around Florenville he collected eyes of pigs to train on. In quick succession his five children were born, ...
... and anterior vitreous. May serve to transport ascorbate in the anterior segment to act as an antioxidant agent. Presence of ... Structures of the eye labeled Another labeled view of the structures of the eye Sectional Anatomy of the Eye in greater detail ... It fills both the anterior and the posterior chambers of the eye, and is not to be confused with the vitreous humour, which is ... through the pupil to enter the anterior chamber. From there, the aqueous humor exits the eye through the trabecular meshwork ...
... is characterized by these worker characters: eyes small or absent, situated behind midlength of side of head; ... anterior margin of clypeus with specialized dentiform setae; promesonotal suture flexible; petiole very broadly attached to ... abdominal segment 3 and without a distinct posterior face; postpetiole absent; sting present and well developed. The subfamily ...
The striae of the cephalothorax and of the three last abdominal segments are very distinct; those of the anterior segments are ... The anterior and lateral borders of the cephalothorax are smooth. The eye eminence is relatively small; smooth or, rarely, ... and much wider than the reflected borders of the eighth segment. Mandibles short, similar in the two sexes ; first joint ...
The mammalian eye can also be divided into two main segments: the anterior segment and the posterior segment. The human eye is ... Ocular Anatomy - Anterior Segment Archived 2008-09-20 at the Wayback Machine "Departments. Anterior segment." Archived 2006-09- ... The former, the anterior segment is the front sixth of the eye that includes the structures in front of the vitreous humour: ... The posterior segment is the back five-sixths of the eye that includes the anterior hyaloid membrane and all of the optical ...
The head consists of two segments: the anterior and posterior prostomium. The last body segment is known as the pygidium. It is ... It has an identifiable head with four eyes, two sensory feelers or palps, and many tentacles. ...
All Agnostina lack eyes and only have two thorax segments, characters they share with some of the later Eodiscina. Eodiscina ... This seals the opening in the axis between cephalon and the anterior thorax segment that is created when the animal was ... If present, the eyes of Eodiscina are unique among trilobites. They have up to 70 small lenses per eye, not touching but ... This type of eye is called abathochroal. A second type of eye, called schizochroal, is unique to the Phacopina suborder, and ...
Eyes are elongate-oval, and entire. Antennal scape is elongate, and simple. Antennal funicle by 3-segments. Antennal club oval ... Anterior margin of the pronotum armed by low, poorly formed serrations. Elytral punctures are replaced by rows of rounded ...
... composed of an anterior (front) segment and the posterior (back) segment. The anterior segment is made up of the cornea, iris ... of the eye labeled Another view of the eye and the structures of the eye labeled Anatomy portal Eye colour Eye development Eye ... The front part is also called the anterior segment of the eye. The eye is not shaped like a perfect sphere, rather it is a ... Thus, the eye can be considered as undergoing rotations about a single point in the centre of the eye. Eye and orbit anatomy ...
The RNFL isn't the only form-birefringent structure in the eye. Anterior segment structures, such as the cornea, also phase- ... 2. The third linear retarder is the combination of cornea and lens-the anterior segment 3. The fourth linear retarder, with ... Rotating the device to any axis can compensate for anterior segment birefringence in any orientation up to 120 nm in magnitude ... Measurements for the left eye are labeled "OS", those for the right eye "OD". A defect is indicated if a measured value falls ...
The first segment of the anterior legs of males is greatly expanded. Head is black, with dark eyes and white spots. Pronotum is ...
Their anterior legs have prominent spines and projections on the distal segments; their posterior legs have larger spines. Two ... The eyes are arranged in two or three rows. Females do not have scopulae on their legs, but do have unique curved, thorn-like ... and have three segments, the apical one being the shortest. The female spermathecae have a single lobe. The male palpal bulb ...
First label segment extending posteriorly at least to anterior margin of eye. O. crassiman looks similar, but its first segment ...
Eyes are large and reniformes. Palps are yellow. Antennae are short, red, with the third subconical segment a little thicker ... Wings are transparent, a little yellowed at the anterior edge. As with all species of the genus Psila, the males have no ...
All vetulicolians lack preserved appendages of any kind, having no legs, feelers or even eyes. The area where the anterior and ... and a posterior section that primitively comprises seven segments and functions as a tail. ... The vetulicolian body comprises two parts: a voluminous anterior forebody, tipped with an anteriorly positioned mouth and lined ...
Anterior median eyes are small, but posterior median eyes are large and round. The lateral eyes are long and kidney-shaped. The ... They are characterized by their downward pointing, daggerlike chelicerae, and the segmented series of plates on the upper ... The fossil genus was diagnosed as having an eye-field wider than that in living species. It was later placed in its own, ... The eyes are distinctly clustered together on a single nodule. ... "A genus-level taxonomic review of primitively segmented spiders ...
Behind the each eye, a distinct edge reaches the rear edge of this ridge. The antennae consist of 25 segments and are shorter ... The anterior coronals are spinous and sit at the top of the ridge. The posterior and lateral coronals are only present as small ... Behind each eye, a distinct edge (postocular carina) reaches the rear edge of the ridge. The 23-segment antennae are shorter ... The anterior coronals are also strongly compressed on the sides. Its front edge reaches the top of the supra orbitals. The ...
It possesses no eyes, its mandibles being L-shaped, counting with anterior serration. Its maxillae exhibits 7 free denticles. ... It also counts with two peristomial segments without setae. Its parapodia has dorsal ventral cirri, with simple supraacicular ...
... anterior segment syndrome may be related to problems with any irrigating solution or other solution placed in the patient's eye ... Toxic anterior segment syndrome is an acute, sterile anterior segment inflammation following generally uneventful cataract and ... anterior segment surgery. One of the main factors in differentiating toxic anterior segment syndrome from an infectious ... Common findings on anterior segment slit lamp examination include increased cell and flare with associated fibrin and possible ...
Anterior Segment Reconstruction Following Ocular Trauma. Int. Ophth. Clin. 1988;28:57-68. Kenyon KR & Hersh PS. Anterior ... Cornea and Laser Eye Institute-Hersh Vision Group. Peter S. Hersh, M.D.. Retrieved 17 May 2013. "Peter S. Hersh, M.D." ... Penetrating keratoplasty and anterior segment reconstruction for severe ocular trauma. German Journal of Ophthal. 1994;3:90-99 ... Penetrating Keratoplasty and Anterior Segment Reconstruction for Severe Ocular Trauma. Ophthal. 1992;99:396-402. Hersh PS, ...
If you wish to reuse any or all of this article please use the link below which will take you to the Copyright Clearance Centers RightsLink service. You will be able to get a quick price and instant permission to reuse the content in many different ways.. ...
Optimal number and orientation of anterior segment OCT images to measure ocular biometric parameters in angle closure eyes: the ... Optimal number and orientation of anterior segment OCT images to measure ocular biometric parameters in angle closure eyes: the ... Optimal number and orientation of anterior segment OCT images to measure ocular biometric parameters in angle closure eyes: the ... Rohit Varma Southern California Eye Institute, CHA Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA PubMed articles ...
Anterior Segment Abnormalities. Sickle cell vasoocclusive events can affect every vascular bed in the eye, often with visually ... Anterior segment abnormalities include the following:. * Segmentation "corkscrew" conjunctival vessel, more commonly seen in ... Anterior segment ischemia after surgery is an emergency. Although the prognosis is notoriously poor, make all attempts to ... Perioperative measures to reduce the incidence of anterior segment ischemia include the following:. * Nonsympathomimetic local ...
"Anterior Eye Segment" by people in this website by year, and whether "Anterior Eye Segment" was a major or minor topic of these ... "Anterior Eye Segment" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical ... Anterior Eye Segment*Anterior Eye Segment. *Anterior Eye Segments. *Eye Segment, Anterior ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Anterior Eye Segment" by people in Profiles. ...
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After joining Doheny Eye Institute in 1987, Dr. Irvine has concentrated his clinical activities on consultations for anterior ... segment surgery, complicated cataract situations, and cornea/external disease including ocular surface tumors. ... Irvine brings over 27 years of experience to Doheny Eye Center UCLA. ... After joining Doheny Eye Institute in 1987, Dr. Irvine has concentrated his clinical activities on consultations for anterior ...
Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, and Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK ... and Workstream Lead for the design of the new Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology centre. ... developing strategies for managing chronic eye conditions in primary care and providing ophthalmology support for clinical ...
... is a failure of the normal development of the tissues of the anterior segment of the eye. It leads to anomalies in the ... Anterior segment mesenchymal dysgenesis, or simply anterior segment dysgenesis (ASD), ... In this review, the role of the ASD genes, PITX2 and FOXC1, is considered in relation to the embryology of the anterior segment ... Interplay between PITX2 and FOXC1 in the development of different anterior segment tissues may partly explain the phenotypic ...
Tyndallization and fibrin fibers were positive in all eyes. In four eyes, hypopyon formation developed. These reactions ... To report toxic anterior segment syndrome (TASS) after cataract surgery possibly associated with intracameral use of cefuroxime ... All agents injected into the anterior chamber can cause TASS. Ophthalmologists and operating room staff need to pay careful ... Toxic anterior segment syndrome after uncomplicated cataract surgery possibly associated with intracamaral use of cefuroxime ...
Although the anterior segment abnormality posterior embryotoxon is not a well-reported feature, studies have shown that 30% of ... The eye examinations of all patients included best-corrected visual acuity, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, and indirect ... Results: The identification of chiasmal misrouting in family F1 and anterior segment abnormalities in family F2 suggested that ... The first family (F1) presented with foveal hypoplasia and anterior segment dysgenesis, and the second family (F2) presented ...
To lay the foundation for genetic studies of anterior segment development, we have described the morphogenesis of this ... Similarly, the relative timing of tissue differentiation in the anterior segment is also conserved with other vertebrates. ... However, several morphogenic features of the zebrafish anterior segment differ with those of higher vertebrates. These include ... Abnormal migration, proliferation, differentiation, or survival of these cells contribute to diseases of the anterior segment ...
Anterior Eye Segment - surgery. Eye Injuries - surgery. Posterior Eye Segment - surgery. Surgical Instruments. Specialty. ... Trocar Based Surgeries of Anterior Segment -- 6. Check List for Trocar-Based Surgeries of Anterior Segment -- 7. The Surgical ... Equipment for Surgery of Anterior Segment -- 3. Setup and Basics About Trocar Surgery -- 4. Basics of Anterior Vitrectomy -- 5 ... Trocar surgery has the potential to revolutionize anterior segment surgery, demonstrated here as an easy-to-use technique for ...
It was evaluated by segmenting 39 OCT images of the anterior segment. The results of this were compared with manual ... segmentation of these images will enable them to be used to construct patient specific biomechanical models of the human eye. ... is a non-invasive imaging system that can be used to obtain images of the anterior segment. Automatic ... Anterior segment OCT (AS-OCT) allows the resolution of anterior and posterior surfaces of the entire cornea. This allows ...
Glaucoma can be due to malformations of the anterior chamber or high episcleral venous pressure and in phakomatosis ... Rare Diseases of the Anterior Segment of the Eye: Update on Diagnosis and Management. View this Special Issue ... This can be observed with ultrasound biomicroscopy, which provides images of the anterior segment, chamber angle, and the ... The affected eye presenting glaucoma tends to almost always be ipsilateral to the PWS [37]. The risk of glaucoma is higher when ...
Histopathologic examination and immunohistochemistry for collagen type V were performed on residual anterior lens capsules of ... vitrectomized eyes (2 patients) that had been tamponaded with silicone oil. Many spaces, presumably occupied by oil droplets, ... Histopathology of anterior lens capsules in vitrectomized eyes with tamponade by silicone oil J Cataract Refract Surg. 2002 Feb ... Anterior Eye Segment * Collagen Type V / metabolism * Female * Humans * Immunoenzyme Techniques * Lens Capsule, Crystalline / ...
i,Conclusion.,/i, Teleophthalmology can be a very effective model for improving eye care delivery system in rural and ... This community outreach programme using telemedicine facilities has increased awareness of eye diseases, improved access to ... anterior segment imaging; glaucoma screening; low vision consultation and telementoring [12]. Teleophthalmology can be ... "Tele-ophthalmology for the treatment in primary care of disorders in the anterior part of the eye," Journal of Telemedicine and ...
to Research on the anterior segment of the eye Binocular vision and eye-tracking. Video eye-tracking systems for investigation ... Research on the anterior segment of the eye. Dry eye disease , cornea sensitivity , contact lenses adjustment , cornea as an ... to Binocular vision and eye-tracking Optometric clinic in Olten. Would you like to update your spectacles or contact lenses? ...
Wills Eye anterior segment surgery & bilateral fourth nerve palsy. Life lessons from the Berkshire Hathaway annual meeting.. @ ... 2. Wills Eye Anterior Segment Surgery Update - One of the best Saturday morning courses Ive attended. Loved the opportunity to ... 7 Eye Safety Tips fo… on An Ophthalmic Report of the Ju…. ... 7 Eye Safety Tips for Annular Solar Eclipse 2023. #RingofFire # ... The didactic lectures should be available on the Wills Eye knowledge portal in the weeks ahead. ...
... to promote the best possible eye health for you through education, research, clinical leadership and service to the community. ... At the Casey Eye Institute, every member of our team is dedicated to a single mission: ... Ophthalmology Grand Rounds: Anterior Segment Case Conference. 1/12/2024. Ophthalmology Grand Rounds: Peds/Plastics/Neuro/ ... But whats that mean for our eyes? OHSU Casey Eye Institute providers share how to keep your eyes healthy in this ever-changing ...
She started noticing blurry spots near the center of her vision in the left eye. ... Anterior segment exam was normal.. *Intraocular pressure was 15 mm Hg in both eyes. ... After considering her normal visual field in the right eye, paracentral scotoma in the left eye, and lack of a relative ... Yeh is a retina/uveitis specialist; all are at the Emory University Eye Center. Dr. Payne is a retina specialist at the ...
Fellowship at Moorfields Eye Hospital. 10/1981 - London, England United Kingdom Cornea and Anterior Segment Surgery. Fellowship ... Anterior segment surgery. Residency at Baylor College Of Medicine Affiliate Hospitals. 04/1981 - Houston, Texas United States ... Jamail Specialty Care Center - Alkek Eye Center (Clinic). 1977 Butler Blvd.. Alkek Eye Center. Houston, TX 77030 United States ... Koch DD, Wang L "Calculating IOL power in eyes that have had refractive surgery.." J Cataract Refract Surg. 2003 Nov;29(11): ...
Anterior segment inflammation Diffuse posterior uveitis and choroiditis Sympathetic ophthalmia Allergic conjunctivitis ... Severe acute and chronic allergic and inflammatory processes involving the eye and its adnexa such as: Allergic corneal ...
Peters plus syndrome is an inherited condition that is characterized by eye abnormalities, short stature, a cleft lip with or ... known as the anterior segment. The anterior segment consists of structures including the lens, the colored part of the eye ( ... iris), and the clear covering of the eye (cornea). An eye problem called Peters anomaly is the most common anterior segment ... Peters anomaly involves abnormal development of the anterior segment, which results in a cornea that is cloudy (opaque) and ...
Anterior segment inflammation. Diffuse posterior uveitis and choroiditis. Sympathetic ophthalmia. Allergic conjunctivitis. ... Severe acute and chronic allergic and inflammatory processes involving the eye and its adnexa such as:. Allergic corneal ...
So, it is important for the children to have their eyes examined periodically to ensure the health and proper care for their ... Parents should not neglect to have their childrens eyes tested, as the children do not necessarily recognize any problem with ... Eye Movement. The examination helps to determine squints in children.. *Anterior Segment. A special equipment is used to ... Eye Examination by Age. Childrens eye examination can be divided according to 3 main age groups. ...
Intraocular pressure was 12 mm Hg in each eye.. *. Slit-lamp examination of the anterior segment was normal. There were no ... Figure 1a. Left eye with arcuate defect. 1b. Automated perimetry of the right eye showing superior altitudinal defect. ... Color vision with Ishihara pseudoisochromatic plates was 10/10 in both eyes. ... reduced vision in both eyes. He was recently hospitalized for symptomatic anemia with hemoglobin levels down to approximately 6 ...
Molecular development of the eye and inner ear; anterior segment dysgenesis (ASD) and developmental glaucoma; congenital ...
Third patient had left ptosis with abduction of the left eye - time up Anterior Segment Shown one patient with bullous ... Posterior Segment Only able to examine one patient as examiner asked too many questions on management of malignant melanoma and ... Ocular motility, did park 3 step and asked about D/D and asked what it can be I told them Brown syndrome left eye ...
  • It leads to anomalies in the structure of the mature anterior segment, associated with an increased risk of glaucoma and corneal opacity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Peters' (frequently misspelled as Peter's) anomaly is a specific type of mesenchymal anterior segment dysgenesis, in which there is central corneal leukoma, adhesions of the iris and cornea and abnormalities of the posterior corneal stroma, Descemet's membrane, corneal endothelium, lens and anterior chamber. (wikipedia.org)
  • Abnormal migration, proliferation, differentiation, or survival of these cells contribute to diseases of the anterior segment such as corneal dystrophy, lens cataract, and glaucoma. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Hamed AM, Wang L, Misra M, Koch DD " A comparative analysis of five methods of determining corneal refractive power in eyes that have undergone myopic laser in situ keratomileusis. . (bcm.edu)
  • The severity of corneal clouding and other eye problems can vary between individuals with Peters plus syndrome, even among members of the same family. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The left eye was microphthalmic, with a corneal diameter of 9 mm (right, 10 mm). (ajnr.org)
  • secondary outcomes included evaluation of changes in Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED) questionnaire, tear film break-up time (TBUT), corneal and conjunctival staining, tear osmolarity, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), artificial tear use and safety assessments. (springer.com)
  • Eagle Eye Centre integrates ophthalmic and optometric eye care under a multisubspecialty practice, and offers medical and surgical services including: refractive surgery, presbyopia treatment, cataract surgery, retina services, corneal transplants, glaucoma and diabetic eye treatments, management of ocular inflammations, myopia screening and myopia control, and neuro-ophthalmology. (eagleeyecentre.com.sg)
  • Our doctors treat corneal abrasions, dry eye, and many other corneal disorders and diseases including keratoconus and pterygium . (eagleeyecentre.com.sg)
  • EEC is one of the first eye clinic to integrate ophthalmic and optometric eye care under one roof, and offers a comprehensive range of services including: refractive surgery, presbyopia treatment, cataract surgery, retina services, corneal transplants, glaucoma and diabetic eye treatments, management of ocular inflammations, myopia screening and myopia control. (eagleeyecentre.com.sg)
  • Owing to co-morbidities like cata- on the disc, overpass phenomenon, nicking racts and corneal pathologies in the elderly of blood vessels or nerve fibre layer defect population in developing countries, viewing was noted, the eye was declared to have fundus details is also a challenge. (who.int)
  • [ 1 ] Mpox virus may enter the eye via autoinoculation [ 2 ] and cause a range of problems from mild to severe, including conjunctivitis, blepharitis, keratitis, corneal ulcer, corneal scarring, and rarely loss of vision. (cdc.gov)
  • Clinical judgement should be used in assessing the stability of underlying eye structures, and caution should be taken with obtaining swabs if corneal ulcers or severely painful lesions are present. (cdc.gov)
  • After joining Doheny Eye Institute in 1987, Dr. Irvine has concentrated his clinical activities on consultations for anterior segment surgery, complicated cataract situations, and cornea/external disease including ocular surface tumors. (uclahealth.org)
  • The anterior segment of the vertebrate eye is comprised of the cornea, lens, iris, ciliary body, and highly specialized tissue at the iridocorneal angle. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For mammals and other higher vertebrates, refraction of light entering the eye is accomplished by both the transparent cornea and lens. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In order to produce patient specific models, geometry of the eyes in particular the cornea is required. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Anterior segment OCT (AS-OCT) allows the resolution of anterior and posterior surfaces of the entire cornea. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This allows accurate measurement of the thickness and volume of the entire cornea, as well as the anterior chamber biometry such as its angle and depth. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Other devices are either limited to only imaging a small section of the cornea or are unable to automatically segment the entire anterior segment like the Visante OCT system (Zeiss Meditec Inc., Dublin, California) [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The anterior segment consists of structures including the lens, the colored part of the eye (iris), and the clear covering of the eye (cornea). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Peters anomaly involves abnormal development of the anterior segment, which results in a cornea that is cloudy (opaque) and causes blurred vision. (medlineplus.gov)
  • I have sub-specialised in treatments of the cornea and refractive surgery, with a fellowship at the Singapore National Eye Centre and by carrying out a PhD on diagnostic applications of optical coherence tomography imaging of the cornea. (spirehealthcare.com)
  • Slit lamp examination and dilated funduscopic examination can be helpful for determining whether anterior segment structures (conjunctiva, cornea, iris) or posterior segment structures (retina, nerve, choroid) are involved. (cdc.gov)
  • in mouse cranial neural crest results in anterior segment dysgenesis and early-onset glaucoma. (ucdenver.edu)
  • Anterior segment mesenchymal dysgenesis, or simply anterior segment dysgenesis (ASD), is a failure of the normal development of the tissues of the anterior segment of the eye. (wikipedia.org)
  • The first family (F1) presented with foveal hypoplasia and anterior segment dysgenesis, and the second family (F2) presented with foveal hypoplasia and chiasmal misrouting in the absence of albinism. (molvis.org)
  • We report a new recessively inherited syndrome consisting of f oveal h ypoplasia, o ptic n erve d ecussation defects and a nterior segment dysgenesis, which we have abbreviated to FHONDA syndrome. (molvis.org)
  • In this study, we extend the clinical phenotypes observed in each family and show that they have the same disorder, which we have termed f oveal h ypoplasia, o ptic n erve d ecussation defects and a nterior segment dysgenesis (FHONDA syndrome). (molvis.org)
  • Primarily, several forms of glaucoma are associated with anterior segment dysgenesis and genes which are essential for formation of this part of the eye can promote glaucoma [ 9 , 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mutation analysis of the genes associated with anterior segment dysgenesis, microcornea and microphthalmia in 257 patients with glaucoma. (cdc.gov)
  • Compound heterozygous mutations in SMO associated with anterior segment dysgenesis and morning glory syndrome. (cdc.gov)
  • Her research is focused on topical glaucoma treatments and their effects on the ocular surface, micro-invasive glaucoma surgery, endocyclophotocoagulation in glaucoma management, developing strategies for managing chronic eye conditions in primary care and providing ophthalmology support for clinical trials in other sub specialties. (oxfordeyesurgery.com)
  • He is also Vice President of the Imaging and Perimetry Society, Chair of the Membership Committee of the Glaucoma Research Society, and Workstream Lead for the design of the new Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology centre. (oxfordeyesurgery.com)
  • Ophthalmology and Eye Diseases, 5, 1-3. (wikipedia.org)
  • We treat eye conditions from the most straightforward to the most complex, and offer expert care in all ophthalmology specialties. (ohsu.edu)
  • We offer world-class ophthalmology education opportunities at OHSU Casey Eye Institute. (ohsu.edu)
  • Through our mobile clinic and preschool vision screening programs in Oregon and our international ophthalmology partnership in Myanmar, we are making a difference in eye health by bringing care to those who need it. (ohsu.edu)
  • At Mercy Clinic Eye Specialists - Ophthalmology, our focus is to help preserve your most precious sense: your sight. (mercy.net)
  • Around the Eye in 365 Days by Dr. Gary Schwartz is a quick look into the fascinating world of ophthalmology. (slackbooks.com)
  • Benefiting from blended learning opportunities, you will learn about paediatric ophthalmology, strabismus (ocular misalignment), ocular motility disorders, and other eye and vision health issues and diseases. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • One group studying acute angle-closure glaucoma (AACG) made measurements using OCT images and then used these to create a finite element model of the anterior chamber [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Glaucoma can be due to malformations of the anterior chamber or high episcleral venous pressure and in phakomatosis pigmentovascularis it can also be associated with angle hyperpigmentation. (hindawi.com)
  • In 1879, Sturge reported on a case with bilateral facial nevus, vascular deformity, and congenital glaucoma in the right eye and spasms affecting the patient's left side of the body [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Larger than normal pupils, sensitivity to light and teary eyes may point to congenital glaucoma. (bangkokhospital.com)
  • Eye pressure test for glaucoma. (bangkokhospital.com)
  • ABSTRACT We carried out a validity assessment study for glaucoma screening procedures used dur- ing the survey conducted in Oman in 2005 on 6644 eyes in 3324 people 30 years. (who.int)
  • Ocular pressure and fundus changes were the screening parameters used: glaucoma was found in 433 eyes. (who.int)
  • An eye may, thus, be declared as not having glaucoma, but cannot be labelled as having glaucoma, using these parameters. (who.int)
  • these can also of the eye with the help of torchlight and be used for early detection of glaucoma [ 4 ]. (who.int)
  • neovascular membrane growth in the anterior chamber angle of the eye at the peripheral margin of the iris can occur, and this growth leads to neovascular glaucoma. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Hopefully, adequate monitoring techniques during surgery could lead to the prediction and elimination of anterior segment ischemia after strabismus surgery. (lu.se)
  • The identification of chiasmal misrouting in family F1 and anterior segment abnormalities in family F2 suggested that the families have the same clinical phenotype. (molvis.org)
  • Ophthalmic examination revealed no abnormalities in the right eye. (ajnr.org)
  • The anterior chamber and lens showed no abnormalities. (ajnr.org)
  • The anterior eye segment showed no abnormalities. (ajnr.org)
  • The ocular anterior segment is critical for focusing incoming light onto the neural retina and for regulating intraocular pressure. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Two main functions are ascribed to the ocular anterior segment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, an understanding of ontogeny of the anterior segment has significance to several human diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This community outreach programme using telemedicine facilities has increased awareness of eye diseases, improved access to specialized health care, helped in local community empowerment, and provided employment opportunities. (hindawi.com)
  • Screening is carried out in Chunampet district for diabetes and its complications especially diabetic eye diseases by using a mobile telemedicine van with satellite connectivity. (hindawi.com)
  • In addition to a general outpatient clinic, the University Eye Hospital Tübingen has thirteen additional special outpatient clinics and consultations, as well as fourteen private consultations for various ophthalmological diseases. (uni-tuebingen.de)
  • Our Neuro-ophthalmologist manages and treats diseases affecting the brain and nerves that are closely related to the eyes such as hemifacial spasms , double vision , myasthenia gravis and strokes affecting the visual pathway. (eagleeyecentre.com.sg)
  • An increasing incidence of eye diseases has been registered in the last decades in developed countries due to the ageing of population, changes in lifestyle, environmental factors, and the presence of concomitant medical conditions. (mdpi.com)
  • Pathogenic variants of AIPL1, MERTK, GUCY2D, and FOXE3 in Pakistani families with clinically heterogeneous eye diseases. (cdc.gov)
  • A key benefit of studying this programme is that you will be taught by world-leading experts from UCL and Moorfields Eye Hospital. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • You will be taught by Consultant Ophthalmologists and Orthoptists based at Moorfields Eye Hospital, ranked as the world's best eye hospital (SCImago Institutions Rankings 2023). (ucl.ac.uk)
  • Our longstanding partnership with Moorfields Eye Hospital represents the largest co-located site for eye research, education and care in the world. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • All agents injected into the anterior chamber can cause TASS. (dovepress.com)
  • Five weeks later, enucleation was required due to enlargement of the mass with an increase of intraocular pressure, shallowness of the anterior chamber, and progression toward a phthisis bulbi. (ajnr.org)
  • The telemedicine van is equipped with a digital retinal camera by which retinal imaging is performed by eye technicians who are unemployed youth recruited from the local area and trained at our centre. (hindawi.com)
  • Macula, retinal vessels, and periphery appeared normal in both eyes. (aao.org)
  • Dilated fundus exam demon-strated diffuse retinal pigment epithelium atrophy with pigment deposition and a bull's-eye pattern. (aao.org)
  • We report a 6-month-old boy who presented with unilateral leukocoria, retinal detachment, and a retrolental mass in a microphthalmic eye based on retinal dysplasia with concurrent optic nerve aplasia. (ajnr.org)
  • Fundus photograph of the left eye shows a retrolental mass (D, arrows ) in the inferomedial quadrant of the vitreous (V) with large irregular feeder vessels, focal hemorrhages, and retinal detachment (R, arrowheads ). (ajnr.org)
  • Axial T1WI ( A ) image shows a hyperintense mass in the anterior part of the vitreous (V), adjacent to the ciliary body (CB) on either side of the lens, combined with a tent-shaped retinal detachment with hyperintense subretinal fluid (SF). (ajnr.org)
  • Our lab develops and uses adaptive optics, eye movement correction and optical microscopy technologies to improve the non-invasive visualization of the retina to the point that individual retinal structure and function and can be visualized at the cellular and even sub-cellular scale. (stanford.edu)
  • Invited Session V: The eye as a window to systemic and neurodegenerative health: Seeking Answers through a keyhole: Harnessing the Synergy of Dynamic OCT/OCT Angiography and Adaptive Optics SLO for Retinal Assessment of Systemic Disease. (stanford.edu)
  • En face OCT reflectance images which accompany OCTA studies offer a glimpse of the macrophage-like cellular activity above the retinal surface which responds to systemically instigated vascular events below. (stanford.edu)
  • To report toxic anterior segment syndrome (TASS) after cataract surgery possibly associated with intracameral use of cefuroxime. (dovepress.com)
  • Toxic anterior segment syndrome (TASS) is postoperative anterior segment inflammation. (dovepress.com)
  • Toxic Anterior Segment Syndrome. (slackbooks.com)
  • He has been involved in multiple clinical trials which include studies on dry eye treatment, infectious keratitis, and intraocular lenses. (uclahealth.org)
  • Intraocular pressure was 15 mm Hg in both eyes. (aao.org)
  • Intraocular pressure was 12 mm Hg in each eye. (medscape.com)
  • Development of the anterior segment initiates with the invagination of the lens from surface ectoderm. (biomedcentral.com)
  • With establishment of the lens vesicle, head mesoderm and neural crest cells migrate into a periocular location and eventually move into the anterior segment of the rudimentary eye between the surface ectoderm and the neural retina and lens. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Histopathologic examination and immunohistochemistry for collagen type V were performed on residual anterior lens capsules of vitrectomized eyes (2 patients) that had been tamponaded with silicone oil. (nih.gov)
  • Anterior segment exam revealed mild nuclear sclerosis of the lens. (aao.org)
  • It usually develops after uncomplicated anterior segment surgery. (dovepress.com)
  • Did you mean topic:"anterior eye segments - surgery" ? (nshealth.ca)
  • Trocar surgery has the potential to revolutionize anterior segment surgery, demonstrated here as an easy-to-use technique for conquering the pars plana region. (nshealth.ca)
  • Equipment for Surgery of Anterior Segment -- 3. (nshealth.ca)
  • Trocar Surgery of Posterior Segment -- 18. (nshealth.ca)
  • Introduction and Possible Indications for Trocar Surgery of Posterior Segment -- 19. (nshealth.ca)
  • Equipment for Trocar Surgery of Posterior Segment -- 20. (nshealth.ca)
  • Wills Eye anterior segment surgery & bilateral fourth nerve palsy. (protectingsight.com)
  • 2. Wills Eye Anterior Segment Surgery Update - One of the best Saturday morning courses I've attended. (protectingsight.com)
  • I am a consultant eye surgeon (ophthalmologist) with an interest in the anterior segment of the eye and cataract surgery, working at University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust since 2015. (spirehealthcare.com)
  • I specialise in treatments and surgery of the anterior segment of the eye. (spirehealthcare.com)
  • Eyes are accessible, enabling minimally invasive surgery and precise drug delivery. (nih.gov)
  • This project focuses on evaluating novel imaging techniques for measurement of perfusion and oxygenation in the anterior segment of the eye and the eye muscles during strabismus surgery. (lu.se)
  • Anterior segment ischemia is a rare but severe complication to strabismus surgery. (lu.se)
  • It is generally believed that to reduce the risk of anterior segment ischemia, only two muscles should be operated on during strabismus surgery and a third muscle can only be operated on given that 6 months healing time has passed. (lu.se)
  • Knowledge of the effect of strabismus surgery on perfusion to the anterior segments of the eye is virtually non-existent. (lu.se)
  • Furthermore, patients that are considered to have high risk of developing anterior segment ischemia are often not offered surgery at all or operated on with a suboptimal surgical method when a perfusion examination might show that standard procedures could be performed. (lu.se)
  • Dry eye syndrome (DES) is a multifactorial disease of the ocular surface associated with reduced tear secretion, increased osmolarity of the tears and inflammation that may lead to ocular surface damage. (springer.com)
  • The increase of public awareness on ocular conditions leads to an early diagnosis and treatment, as well as an increased demand for more effective and minimally invasive solutions for the treatment of both the anterior and posterior segments of the eye. (mdpi.com)
  • Anterior and posterior segments, together with neuro-ophthalmic disorders were found among stroke patients in this study. (who.int)
  • Children's eye examination can be divided according to 3 main age groups. (bangkokhospital.com)
  • Moreover, pediatrician usually sends children with developmental delay or Down's Syndrome to undergo eye examination for cataract and other vision problems. (bangkokhospital.com)
  • If there is still any doubt, the doctor may order dilating eye drops for detailed examination. (bangkokhospital.com)
  • Slit-lamp examination of the anterior segment was normal. (medscape.com)
  • A smear of a blister adjacent to the eye showing the Romaña sign yielded T. cruzi on direct examination. (cdc.gov)
  • A general or comprehensive medical eye examination is designed to reveal both existing and potential eye problems, even in the absence of specific symptoms. (bcm.edu)
  • The examination consists of a patient history, examination and testing to assess the functional behavior, anatomic status of the eye and the related structures. (bcm.edu)
  • PPE used by healthcare personnel who enter the patient's room or perform any eye examination should include gown, gloves, eye protection (i.e., goggles or a face shield that covers the front and sides of the face), and a NIOSH-approved particulate respirator equipped with N95 filters or higher. (cdc.gov)
  • On ocular examination, the patient was blinking to light with both eyes. (medscape.com)
  • Examination of the anterior segment was unremarkable. (medscape.com)
  • EQUALITY study participants received a comprehensive eye exam by an optometrist including medical history, visual acuity with walk-in and best correction, refraction, color vision, applanation tonometry, pachymetry, undilated slit lamp anterior segment examination, undilated gonioscopy, and dilated fundus examination. (cdc.gov)
  • Examination of the eyes by an ophthalmologist is essential to assess for papilledema, which indicates elevated intracranial pressure. (medscape.com)
  • Anterior segment exam was normal. (aao.org)
  • On dilated fundus exam, she had very subtle, deep hyperpigmented spots near the fovea in her left eye. (aao.org)
  • Will I receive a prescription for contact lenses or glasses with my general eye exam? (bcm.edu)
  • If you know in advance that you are interested in contact lenses, please inform the patient care representative so that an appointment will be made for you to be seen when you are here for your general eye exam. (bcm.edu)
  • The structures of the anterior segment arise from diverse embryonic lineages and there is exquisite coordination among the different compartments during development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, the relevant cellular interactions between various structures of the anterior segment and the molecular basis of development is just beginning to be understood. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, their underlying program for the extraction of the structures of the anterior segment is not evaluated for accuracy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A detailed understanding of the mechanisms of development of the anterior segment can provide general insights into questions such as tissue induction, cell type fate determination, and the regulation of cellular morphogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Orthoptists are Allied Health Professionals who are experts in the diagnosis and management of developmental eye conditions, defects in eye movement and binocular vision. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • Each of the Alkek Eye Center physicians is qualified to treat a broad range of ophthalmic conditions. (bcm.edu)
  • Despite being the most common route of ophthalmic drug administration, eye drops are associated with compliance issues, drug wastage by lacrimation, and low bioavailability due to the ocular barriers. (mdpi.com)
  • Alkek Eye Center physicians and technicians maintain a full patient care schedule. (bcm.edu)
  • Alkek Eye Center offers a full-service optical shop, BCM Optical , as a part of our facility. (bcm.edu)
  • Does Alkek Eye Center have a program to assist low-income patients? (bcm.edu)
  • Alkek Eye Center physicians are available to address your eye care needs 24-hours a day, seven days a week. (bcm.edu)
  • These same genes then regulate mesenchymal cell differentiation to give rise to distinct anterior segment tissues. (wikipedia.org)
  • Interplay between PITX2 and FOXC1 in the development of different anterior segment tissues may partly explain the phenotypic variability and the genetic heterogeneity characteristic of ASD. (wikipedia.org)
  • If ocular involvement of mpox virus is suspected, then ophthalmologic consultation should be strongly considered for a thorough evaluation and continued monitoring of the patient's condition and extent of disease, especially in cases of vision changes, eye pain, or increasing redness. (cdc.gov)
  • While our ophthalmologists specialize in medical eye exams, our optometrists at Mercy Eye Care focus on routine eye exams for glasses and contact lenses. (mercy.net)
  • The one page a day format plus wide ranging topics, makes Around the Eye in 365 Days a fun and interesting read for all in the field from general ophthalmologists to optometrists to residents to students to office staff to industry sales forces. (slackbooks.com)
  • In a field situation, however, even skilled segment of the eye was examined using ophthalmologists find it difficult to diag- direct ophthalmoscope. (who.int)
  • Expanding the spectrum of FOXC1 and PITX2 mutations and copy number changes in patients with anterior segment malformations. (cdc.gov)
  • All quadrants of the retina are imaged by the eye technician. (hindawi.com)
  • The optics of the eye can be thought of as an imperfect microscope objective through which the retina can be observed. (stanford.edu)
  • They should be assessed for eye disorders and lazy eye condition. (bangkokhospital.com)
  • We deliver diagnosis and treatment services for a variety of eye disorders. (mercy.net)
  • Experimental eye research 2020 6 197 108118. (cdc.gov)
  • Parents should take heed and have their children's eyes examined annually, and follow the advice of their pediatric ophthalmologist accordingly. (bangkokhospital.com)
  • Ciliary body melanoma is a subtype of uveal melanoma, the most common primary malignant tumor of the eye. (medscape.com)
  • They can be classified as anterior uveal melanomas when the tumor arises in the iris and as posterior uveal melanomas when it arises in either the choroid or the ciliary body. (medscape.com)
  • Left: Illustration of an eye and the four rectus muscles with the anterior ciliary arteries. (lu.se)
  • Right: One of our first LSCI images showing the eye and the perfusion araising from the anterior ciliary arteries. (lu.se)
  • The condition occurs due to damage of the anterior ciliary arteries that course along the rectus muscles and therefore gets damaged during surgical manipulation. (lu.se)
  • Our team is comprised of fellowship-trained eye specialists and all providers are welcoming new patients and accept most insurance plans. (mercy.net)
  • Peters anomaly is usually bilateral, which means that it affects both eyes. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A transparent, biconvex structure of the EYE, enclosed in a capsule and situated behind the IRIS and in front of the vitreous humor (VITREOUS BODY). (harvard.edu)
  • Fundus autofluo-rescence showed an array of lobules and specks of hypoautofluorescence arranged in concentric rings in the macula of both eyes (as shown in Fig. 2 of the right eye). (aao.org)
  • 8 year old girl with hyperopic correction, attending with mom.Asked to examine eye movements.Duane s type 1 with small left esophoria for near without specs.Orthophoric with specs.Asked management. (mrcophth.com)
  • Asked to examine orbits,DO NOT examine eye movements. (mrcophth.com)
  • Examine posterior segment of right eye. (mrcophth.com)
  • Examine Posterior segment of BE. (mrcophth.com)
  • Similarly, the relative timing of tissue differentiation in the anterior segment is also conserved with other vertebrates. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this review, the role of the ASD genes, PITX2 and FOXC1, is considered in relation to the embryology of the anterior segment, the biochemical function of these proteins, and their role in development and disease aetiology. (wikipedia.org)
  • An eye problem called Peters anomaly is the most common anterior segment abnormality seen in Peters plus syndrome. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The macula in the left eye also showed a white intraretinal lesion, with a small hemorrhage above the fovea (Figure 3). (medscape.com)
  • ION is of two types: anterior (AION) and posterior (PION), the first involving the anterior part of the optic nerve (also called the optic nerve head, ONH) and the second, the rest of the optic nerve. (intechopen.com)
  • Anterior Eye Segment" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (ucdenver.edu)
  • Drooping upper eyelid on either side or both may have been caused by lazy eye syndrome. (bangkokhospital.com)
  • There are many techniques to assess lazy eye syndrome. (bangkokhospital.com)
  • The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of our multi-ingredient supplement in subjects with dry eye syndrome (DES). (springer.com)
  • This study was conducted to evaluate efficacy of a multi-ingredient supplement containing lutein, zeaxanthin, curcumin and vitamin D3 in subjects with dry eye syndrome (DES). (springer.com)
  • Artificial tears and topical corticosteroids used as first-line treatments usually improve the symptoms of dry eyes but are associated with adverse effects with long-term use. (springer.com)
  • Overall, we have demonstrated statistically significant clinical improvements in dry eye symptoms as compared to the placebo in subjects validated through well-established subjective questionnaire-based approaches such as OSDI and SPEED. (springer.com)
  • Respiratory irritation (37%) and eye irritation (23%) were the most commonly reported symptoms. (medscape.com)
  • A history of self-reported dry eye symptoms for two months prior to study enrollment, - Diagnosis of MGD Low delivery type, with mechanism obstructive and non- cicatricial with scores as follows: Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire = 13, Non-Invasive Tear break-up time (NIBUT) lower than 10 seconds (The Sirius anterior segment analyzer (CSO, Florence, Italy). (who.int)
  • In this study, a quadrant of the anterior segment from a normal human donor eye was dynamically pressurized in the SC lumen, and imaged using a customized optical coherence tomography (OCT). The TM/JCT/SC complex finite element (FE) with embedded collagen fibrils was reconstructed based on the segmented boundary nodes in the OCT images. (lu.se)
  • Fibrillenstruktur (or fast-twitch) muscle fibrils generate fast eye movements and are composed of well-defined myofibrils with well-developed sarcomeres. (medscape.com)
  • Felderstruktur muscle fibrils generate slow or tonic eye movements and are composed of poorly defined myofibrils with poorly developed sarcomeres. (medscape.com)
  • The innervation to fibrillenstruktur fibrils is thick and heavily myelinated, with a single (en plaque) neuromuscular junction, whereas the innervation to felderstruktur fibrils is thin, with multiple grapelike clusters of neuromuscular junctions. (medscape.com)
  • Video eye-tracking systems for investigation of the processes involved in binocular coordination and the importance of binocular vision. (fhnw.ch)
  • Seventeen eyes of 17 patients who were diagnosed with TASS were enrolled in this study. (dovepress.com)
  • Prior to the operation, tropicamide 1% and phenylephrine hydrochloride 2.5% were applied to patients' eyes for pupil dilation. (dovepress.com)
  • When carrying out biomechanical modelling of the eye, one of the aims is to be able to produce patient specific models so that the eyes of individual patients can be simulated providing important information towards personalised medicine. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Retrospective, consecutive study of 282 eyes (282 patients) who underwent a secondary IOL implantation using the Carlevale IOL (Soleko IOL Division, Italy) with two anchor haptics for intrascleral implantation with either 23- or 27-gauge (G) port. (karger.com)
  • Our experienced providers and caring staff are committed to providing the best eye care experience possible for our patients. (mercy.net)
  • Editas Medicine, a biotech company building on work by NEI researchers is conducting the first-in-human CRISPR trial to help patients with vision loss caused by a mutation in CEP290, another crucial gene in the eye, which was also discovered by NEI scientists. (nih.gov)
  • At OHSU Casey Eye Institute we offer world-class specialists, state-of-the-art technologies and truly personalized care to promote healthy vision. (ohsu.edu)
  • Since 1945, OHSU Casey Eye Institute doctors and vision scientists have worked side by side to discover the causes of eye disease and find new treatments. (ohsu.edu)
  • At 30 weeks of pregnancy, she noticed that vision in her left eye became blurry. (aao.org)
  • While in the ER, she complained of seeing blurry spots near the center of her vision in the left eye. (aao.org)
  • Her vision was 20/20 in both eyes. (aao.org)
  • So, it is important for the children to have their eyes examined periodically to ensure the health and proper care for their vision. (bangkokhospital.com)
  • This is the time when parents need to be alert for vision problems that include crossed eyes or lazy eye. (bangkokhospital.com)
  • A 60-year-old man with anemia secondary to a duodenal ulcer was referred for evaluation of a 2-week history of painless, reduced vision in both eyes. (medscape.com)
  • Color vision with Ishihara pseudoisochromatic plates was 10/10 in both eyes. (medscape.com)
  • As you know from your regular visits to the eye doctor, the goal is to maintain 20/20 vision. (nih.gov)
  • Investments in vision research accelerate biomedical progress because eyes possess unique features. (nih.gov)
  • NEI recently funded a clinical study that tested NGoggle, an easy-to-wear device that can assess vision loss by analyzing signals between the brain and eyes. (nih.gov)
  • Involvement of the eyes can be a vision-threatening condition and should be treated urgently. (cdc.gov)
  • In children, strabismus can cause severe permanent vision impairment but in adults the main problem is diplopia or social difficulties such as avoiding eye contact, which can be very disabling. (lu.se)
  • They travel anteriorly and laterally at an angle of 23º with the visual axis of the eye in primary position. (medscape.com)
  • The tendon of the superior oblique muscle passes through the trochlea (which is located nasally at the superior orbital rim) and is reflected inferiorly, posteriorly, and laterally at an angle of 51º to the visual axis with the eye in primary position. (medscape.com)
  • It passes posteriorly and laterally in the orbit, forming an angle of 51º with the visual axis of the eye in primary position, before passing beneath the inferior rectus muscle and inserting posterior to the equator on the inferior and lateral aspect of the globe. (medscape.com)
  • For routine eye exams for glasses and contact lenses visit Mercy Eye Care - Optometry - Medical Tower A Suite 140A . (mercy.net)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Anterior Eye Segment" by people in this website by year, and whether "Anterior Eye Segment" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (ucdenver.edu)
  • She underwent Humphrey visual field testing, as an inpatient, which showed a full field in the right eye and a small paracentral scotoma in the left. (aao.org)
  • After considering her normal visual field in the right eye, paracentral scotoma in the left eye, and lack of a relative afferent pupillary defect, we believed a maculopathy was more likely. (aao.org)
  • OCT showed normal architecture in the right eye and attenuation of the ellipsoid layer in the left. (aao.org)
  • Automated perimetry of the right eye showing superior altitudinal defect. (medscape.com)