Alprazolam
Anti-Anxiety Agents
Lorazepam
Benzodiazepines
Diazepam
GABA Modulators
Substances that do not act as agonists or antagonists but do affect the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor-ionophore complex. GABA-A receptors (RECEPTORS, GABA-A) appear to have at least three allosteric sites at which modulators act: a site at which BENZODIAZEPINES act by increasing the opening frequency of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-activated chloride channels; a site at which BARBITURATES act to prolong the duration of channel opening; and a site at which some steroids may act. GENERAL ANESTHETICS probably act at least partly by potentiating GABAergic responses, but they are not included here.
A double-peak phenomenon in the pharmacokinetics of alprazolam after oral administration. (1/117)
The pharmacokinetics of alprazolam (ALP) after i.v. and p.o. administration in rats were characterized. ALP decayed biexponentially after the i.v. dose (1.25 mg/kg), but the concentration-time profiles after the p.o. doses (7 and 12.5 mg/kg) exhibited a double-peak phenomenon. The presence of two peaks was confirmed by statistical analysis of the serum concentration data of ALP, as well as by observed double peaks in the serum concentration-time profiles of the two active metabolites (alpha-hydroxyalprazolam and 4-hydroxyalprazolam). An absorption model incorporating a delay site is proposed to describe the data, and the absolute oral bioavailability is estimated to be about 30%. The two peaks were approximately 80 to 115 min apart, and there was a delay in the absorption of close to 80% of oral ALP, regardless of dose. We hypothesize that the mechanism underlying the double-peak phenomenon is due to reduction in gastric motility caused by the muscle relaxant effect of ALP. This hypothesis is supported by the observed longer delay in the appearance of the second peak at the higher p.o. dose. Enterohepatic recycling is precluded from being the underlying mechanism, because of the presence of double peaks after the p.o. doses but not after the i.v. dose. This is the first reported case of double peaks for oral ALP, and this phenomenon has not been reported for other benzodiazepines. The double-peak phenomenon caused by the hypothesized mechanism may have important therapeutic and drug interaction implications, especially because benzodiazepines are commonly coadministered with other drugs. (+info)Quantitation of alprazolam and alpha-hydroxyalprazolam in human plasma using liquid chromatography electrospray ionization MS-MS. (2/117)
A sensitive and specific electrospray ionization high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS-MS) method has been developed for the quantitative determination of alprazolam (AL) and alpha-hydroxyalprazolam (OH-AL) in plasma. After the addition of deuterium labeled internal standards of AL and OH-AL, plasma samples were buffered to alkaline pH and extracted with toluene/methylene chloride (7:3). Dried extract residues were reconstituted in HPLC mobile phase and injected onto a reversed-phase C18 HPLC column. The analytes were eluted isocratically at a flow rate of 250 microL/min using a solvent composed of methanol and water (60:40) containing 0.1% formic acid. The analyses were performed using selected reaction monitoring. The assay was sensitive to 0.05 ng/mL for both the parent drug and metabolite and linear to 50 ng/mL. The intra-assay percent coefficients of variation (%CV) for AL at 2, 5, and 20 ng/mL were all < or = 5.6. At these concentrations, and all OH-AL intra-assay %CVs were < or = 8.4. The interassay variabilities for AL were 11.8%CV, 8.7%CV, and 8.7%CV at 2.0, 5.0, and 20.0 ng/mL, respectively. The OH-AL interassay variabilities were 9.6%CV, 9.2%CV, and 7.8%CV at the same concentrations, respectively. The assay accuracy was less than or equal to +/- 6.6% for both analytes at the three concentrations. The method was used to quantitate AL and OH-AL in plasma samples collected from 10 subjects who were administered a 1-mg oral dose of AL. The mean AL concentration peaked at 11.5 ng/mL 1 h after the dose and AL was detectable for 48 h. The mean OH-AL concentration peaked at 0.18 ng/mL 4 h after the dose and was undetectable by 36 h. Hydrolysis of the plasma samples had little effect on the detected AL concentrations but increased OH-AL concentrations substantially. Plasma/blood ratios for AL and OH-AL exceeded 1 in the study samples. (+info)Chronic administration of the triazolobenzodiazepine alprazolam produces opposite effects on corticotropin-releasing factor and urocortin neuronal systems. (3/117)
In view of the substantial preclinical evidence that supports a seminal role of central corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neuronal systems in the physiology and pathophysiology of stress and anxiety, it is reasonable to suggest that the anxiolytic properties of benzodiazepines are mediated, at least in part, via regulation of CRFergic function. To begin to test this complex hypothesis, we examined the effects of acute and chronic administration of the triazolobenzodiazepine agonist alprazolam on CRF peptide concentrations, receptor-binding density, and mRNA expression in the CNS. Additionally, we measured mRNA expression for urocortin, a recently discovered neuropeptide that is generally considered to be a second endogenous ligand for CRF receptors. Both acute and chronic alprazolam administration was found to decrease CRF concentrations within the locus coeruleus. Furthermore, chronic alprazolam decreased basal activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, CRF mRNA expression in the central nucleus of the amygdala, and CRF(1) mRNA expression and receptor binding in the basolateral amygdala. In marked contrast, urocortin mRNA expression in the Edinger-Westphal nucleus and CRF(2A) receptor binding in the lateral septum and ventromedial hypothalamus were increased. Similar findings of an inverse relationship between the CRF(1) and CRF(2A) receptor systems have been reported in an anxiety model based on adverse early-life experience, suggesting the intriguing possibility that CRF neuronal systems may be comprised of two separate, but interrelated, subdivisions that can be coordinately and inversely regulated by stress, anxiety, or anxiolytic drugs. (+info)Effects of age on in vitro midazolam biotransformation in male CD-1 mouse liver microsomes. (4/117)
To study age-related changes in drug metabolism, we examined the in vitro biotransformation of midazolam (MDZ), a human cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 3A substrate, using liver microsomes from three age groups of male CD-1 mice ranging from 6 weeks to 2 years old. MDZ was metabolized to two major products, alpha-OH- and 4-OH-MDZ, which were quantified by HPLC. For both metabolites, V(max) values were reduced in old livers (P <.05), while K(m) values did not change with age. The net intrinsic clearance (the sum of V(max)/K(m) for both pathways) also was reduced in the old animals (P <.05). The capacity of ketoconazole, a CYP3A inhibitor in humans, to inhibit the biotransformation of MDZ and of alprazolam, another human CYP3A substrate, did not differ significantly with age. At 100 microM alprazolam, 0.5 microM ketoconazole inhibited metabolite formation by >80%. At 30 microM MDZ, 2.5 microM ketoconazole impaired 4-OH-MDZ formation by 88%, whereas it reduced alpha-OH-MDZ formation by only 46%. Immunoinhibition studies with polyclonal anti-rat CYP3A1/2 and CYP2C11 antibodies confirmed that 4-OH-MDZ formation was largely CYP3A-dependent, while alpha-OH-MDZ formation was mediated by CYP3A and -2C isoforms. Western blot analysis revealed decreased microsomal content of CYP3A in old livers. Net intrinsic clearance of MDZ was correlated with total CYP3A content (P <.001). These results demonstrate a reduction in MDZ biotransformation in old male mice, which may be attributable, in part, to decreased CYP3A content in old livers. Changes in expression and activity of CYP2C isoforms also may contribute to age-related changes in MDZ biotransformation, but this requires more investigation. (+info)Imidazenil prevention of alprazolam-induced acquisition deficit in patas monkeys is devoid of tolerance. (5/117)
The partial allosteric modulators (PAMs) of gamma-aminobutyric acid-gated Cl(-) current intensities at gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors have high affinity but low intrinsic efficacy on benzodiazepine recognition sites. Unlike the full allosteric modulators (FAM), like alprazolam, triazolam, and diazepam, PAMs are virtually devoid of unwanted side effects, including tolerance. Imidazenil (IMD) is a PAM that elicits potent anxiolytic and anticonvulsant actions in rodents and nonhuman primates and retains its anticonvulsant and anxiolytic effects, even in rodents that are tolerant to FAMs. IMD antagonizes the side effects of FAMs in rodents and nonhuman primates. Using patas monkeys and a multiple schedule with repeated acquisition and performance of chain responses, we report that IMD administration for 17 days antagonized without showing tolerance ALP-induced disruption of acquisition. (+info)A synthetic agonist at the orphanin FQ/nociceptin receptor ORL1: anxiolytic profile in the rat. (6/117)
The biochemical and behavioral effects of a nonpeptidic, selective, and brain-penetrant agonist at the ORL1 receptor are reported herein. This low molecular weight compound [(1S,3aS)-8- (2,3,3a,4,5, 6-hexahydro-1H-phenalen-1-yl)-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triaza- spiro[4. 5]decan-4-one] has high affinity for recombinant human ORL1 receptors and has 100-fold selectivity for ORL1 over other members of the opioid receptor family. It is a full agonist at these receptors and elicits dose-dependent anxiolytic-like effects in a set of validated models of distinct types of anxiety states in the rat (i.e., elevated plus-maze, fear-potentiated startle, and operant conflict). When given systemically, the compound has an efficacy and potency comparable to those of a benzodiazepine anxiolytic such as alprazolam or diazepam. However, this compound is differentiated from a classical benzodiazepine anxiolytic by a lack of efficient anti-panic-like activity, absence of anticonvulsant properties, and lack of effects on motor performance and cognitive function at anxiolytic doses (0.3 to 3 mg/kg i.p.). No significant change in intracranial self-stimulation performance and pain reactivity was observed in this dose range. Higher doses of this compound (>/=10 mg/kg) induced disruption in rat behavior. These data confirm the notable anxiolytic-like effects observed at low doses with the orphanin FQ/nociceptin neuropeptide given locally into the brain and support a role for orphanin FQ/nociceptin in adaptive behavioral fear responses to stress. (+info)Cytochrome P450 3A4 in vivo ketoconazole competitive inhibition: determination of Ki and dangers associated with high clearance drugs in general. (7/117)
Assuming complete hepatic substrate metabolism and system linearity, quantitative effects of in vivo competitive inhibition are investigated. Following oral administration of a substrate in the presence of a competitive inhibitor, determination of the inhibition constant (Ki) is possible when plasma concentration-time profiles of both substrate and inhibitor are available. When triazolam is the P450 3A4 substrate and ketoconazole the competitive inhibitor, Ki approximately 1.2 microg/mL in humans. The effects of competitive inhibition can be divided into two components: first-pass hepatic metabolism and systemic metabolism. For drugs with high hepatic extraction ratios, the impact of competitive inhibition on hepatic first-pass metabolism can be particularly dramatic. For example, human terfenadine hepatic extraction goes from 95% in the absence of a competitive inhibitor to 35% in the presence of one (ketoconazole, 200 mg po Q 12 h dosed to steady-state). First-pass extraction therefore goes from 5% in the absence of the inhibitor to 65% in its presence. The combined effect on first-pass and systemic metabolism produces an approximate 37 fold increase in terfenadine area under the plasma concentration-time curve. Assuming intact drug is active and/or toxic, development of metabolized drugs with extensive first-pass metabolism should be avoided if possible, since inhibition of metabolism may lead to profound increases in exposure. (+info)Characterization of the anxiolytic properties of a novel neuroactive steroid, Co 2-6749 (GMA-839; WAY-141839; 3alpha, 21-dihydroxy-3beta-trifluoromethyl-19-nor-5beta-pregnan-20-one), a selective modulator of gamma-aminobutyric acid(A) receptors. (8/117)
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a novel neuroactive steroid, Co 2-6749 (GMA-839; WAY-141839; 3alpha, 21-dihydroxy-3beta-trifluoromethyl-19-nor-5beta-pregnan-20-one), on gamma-aminobutyric acid(A) receptors in vitro and to define its anxiolytic-like effects and side effect profile in vivo. Co 2-6749 fully inhibited [(35)S]t-butylbicyclophosphorothionate binding in rat brain cortical membranes with an IC(50) value of 230 nM and in human gamma-aminobutyric acid(A) receptor subunit combinations of alpha1beta2gamma2L, alpha2beta2gamma2L, alpha3beta2gamma2L, alpha4beta3gamma2L, alpha5beta2gamma2L, and alpha6beta3gamma2L receptors (IC(50) values of 200, 200, 96, 2300, 210, and 2000 nM). Rats were trained in a Geller-Seifter operant conflict paradigm. Co 2-6749 caused a dose-related increase in punished responding with a minimum effective dose of 1.6 mg/kg, p.o., a wide therapeutic index relative to a decrease in unpunished responding and relative to ataxia, and no tolerance. Additionally, ethanol caused less than a 2-fold shift to the left in the dose-response function of Co 2-6749 in the rotorod procedure in rats. In a pigeon conflict paradigm, punished responding was maximally increased to 784% of vehicle control by 30 mg/kg, p.o., with a 2-h duration and no effect on unpunished responding at this dose. Similarly, punished responding in squirrel monkeys was maximally increased to 1774% of control by 10 mg/kg, p.o., with no effect on unpunished responding at this dose. With robust anxiolytic-like activity across species, a large separation between anxiolytic-like effects and sedation/ataxia, a minimal interaction with ethanol, a lack of tolerance, and apparent oral bioavailability, Co 2-6749 makes an ideal candidate for development as a novel anxiolytic drug. (+info)Alprazolam is a triazolo-benzodiazepine derivative medication, chemically designed to act as an agonist at GABA-A receptors, thereby producing central nervous system depressant effects such as anxiety reduction, muscle relaxation, and sedation.
Alprazolam is a medication that belongs to a class of drugs called benzodiazepines. It works by increasing the activity of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter in the brain that has a calming effect. Alprazolam is used to treat anxiety disorders, panic disorder, and anxiety associated with depression.
The medical definition of Alprazolam is:
"A triazolo analog of the benzodiazepine class of central nervous system-active compounds. It has antianxiety, anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant, and sedative properties. Alprazolam is used in the management of anxiety disorders, panic disorder, and anxiety associated with depression."
It's important to note that Alprazolam can be habit-forming and should only be taken under the supervision of a healthcare provider. It can also cause side effects such as drowsiness, dizziness, and impaired coordination. If you have any questions about Alprazolam or are considering taking it, it's important to speak with your doctor first.
Anti-anxiety agents, also known as anxiolytics, are a class of psychoactive drugs that reduce the symptoms of anxiety by inhibiting the activity of neurotransmitters in the brain, such as benzodiazepines and buspirone.
Anti-anxiety agents, also known as anxiolytics, are a class of medications used to manage symptoms of anxiety disorders. These drugs work by reducing the abnormal excitement in the brain and promoting relaxation and calmness. They include several types of medications such as benzodiazepines, azapirone, antihistamines, and beta-blockers.
Benzodiazepines are the most commonly prescribed anti-anxiety agents. They work by enhancing the inhibitory effects of a neurotransmitter called gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain, which results in sedative, hypnotic, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, and muscle relaxant properties. Examples of benzodiazepines include diazepam (Valium), alprazolam (Xanax), lorazepam (Ativan), and clonazepam (Klonopin).
Azapirones are a newer class of anti-anxiety agents that act on serotonin receptors in the brain. Buspirone (Buspar) is an example of this type of medication, which has fewer side effects and less potential for abuse compared to benzodiazepines.
Antihistamines are medications that are primarily used to treat allergies but can also have anti-anxiety effects due to their sedative properties. Examples include hydroxyzine (Vistaril, Atarax) and diphenhydramine (Benadryl).
Beta-blockers are mainly used to treat high blood pressure and heart conditions but can also help manage symptoms of anxiety such as rapid heartbeat, tremors, and sweating. Propranolol (Inderal) is an example of a beta-blocker used for this purpose.
It's important to note that anti-anxiety agents should be used under the guidance of a healthcare professional, as they can have side effects and potential for dependence or addiction. Additionally, these medications are often used in combination with psychotherapy and lifestyle modifications to manage anxiety disorders effectively.
Lorazepam is a benzodiazepine medication, chemically classified as a triazolobenzodiazepine, used primarily for the treatment of anxiety disorders, insomnia, acute seizures, and agitation due to its sedative, hypnotic, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, and muscle relaxant properties.
Lorazepam is a medication that belongs to a class of drugs known as benzodiazepines. Medically, it is defined as a prescription drug used for the treatment of anxiety disorders, short-term relief of symptoms of anxiety or anxiety associated with depressive symptoms. It can also be used for the treatment of insomnia, seizure disorders, and alcohol withdrawal. Lorazepam works by affecting chemicals in the brain that may become unbalanced and cause anxiety or other symptoms.
It is important to note that lorazepam can be habit-forming and should only be used under the supervision of a healthcare provider. Misuse of this medication can lead to serious risks, including addiction, overdose, or death.
Benzodiazepines are a class of psychoactive drugs that enhance the effect of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at the GABA-A receptor, resulting in sedative, hypnotic, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, and muscle relaxant properties.
Benzodiazepines are a class of psychoactive drugs that have been widely used for their sedative, hypnotic, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, and muscle relaxant properties. They act by enhancing the inhibitory effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.
Benzodiazepines are commonly prescribed for the treatment of anxiety disorders, insomnia, seizures, and muscle spasms. They can also be used as premedication before medical procedures to produce sedation, amnesia, and anxiolysis. Some examples of benzodiazepines include diazepam (Valium), alprazolam (Xanax), clonazepam (Klonopin), lorazepam (Ativan), and temazepam (Restoril).
While benzodiazepines are effective in treating various medical conditions, they can also cause physical dependence and withdrawal symptoms. Long-term use of benzodiazepines can lead to tolerance, meaning that higher doses are needed to achieve the same effect. Abrupt discontinuation of benzodiazepines can result in severe withdrawal symptoms, including seizures, hallucinations, and anxiety. Therefore, it is important to taper off benzodiazepines gradually under medical supervision.
Benzodiazepines are classified as Schedule IV controlled substances in the United States due to their potential for abuse and dependence. It is essential to use them only as directed by a healthcare provider and to be aware of their potential risks and benefits.
Diazepam is a benzodiazepine medication used to treat anxiety, muscle spasms, seizures, and alcohol withdrawal symptoms due to its sedative, hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and muscle relaxant properties.
Diazepam is a medication from the benzodiazepine class, which typically has calming, sedative, muscle relaxant, and anticonvulsant properties. Its medical uses include the treatment of anxiety disorders, alcohol withdrawal syndrome, end-of-life sedation, seizures, muscle spasms, and as a premedication for medical procedures. Diazepam is available in various forms, such as tablets, oral solution, rectal gel, and injectable solutions. It works by enhancing the effects of a neurotransmitter called gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain, which results in the modulation of nerve impulses in the brain, producing a sedative effect.
It is important to note that diazepam can be habit-forming and has several potential side effects, including drowsiness, dizziness, weakness, and impaired coordination. It should only be used under the supervision of a healthcare professional and according to the prescribed dosage to minimize the risk of adverse effects and dependence.
GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) modulators are pharmacological agents that either enhance or reduce the inhibitory effects of GABA, which is the primary neurotransmitter responsible for reducing neuronal excitability in the central nervous system.
GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) modulators are substances that affect the function of GABA, which is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. GABA plays a crucial role in regulating neuronal excitability and reducing the activity of overactive nerve cells.
GABA modulators can either enhance or decrease the activity of GABA receptors, depending on their specific mechanism of action. These substances can be classified into two main categories:
1. Positive allosteric modulators (PAMs): These compounds bind to a site on the GABA receptor that is distinct from the neurotransmitter binding site and enhance the activity of GABA at the receptor, leading to increased inhibitory signaling in the brain. Examples of positive allosteric modulators include benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and certain non-benzodiazepine drugs used for anxiolysis, sedation, and muscle relaxation.
2. Negative allosteric modulators (NAMs): These compounds bind to a site on the GABA receptor that reduces the activity of GABA at the receptor, leading to decreased inhibitory signaling in the brain. Examples of negative allosteric modulators include certain antiepileptic drugs and alcohol, which can reduce the effectiveness of GABA-mediated inhibition and contribute to their proconvulsant effects.
It is important to note that while GABA modulators can have therapeutic benefits in treating various neurological and psychiatric conditions, they can also carry risks for abuse, dependence, and adverse side effects, particularly when used at high doses or over extended periods.
Tetragastrin is a synthetic decapeptide (HCl) analogue of gastrin, a hormone secreted by the mucosa of the upper gastrointestinal tract, which stimulates gastric acid secretion and motor function when administered exogenously. (25 words)
Tetragastrin is not a medical condition but a synthetic peptide hormone that is used in medical research and diagnostic tests. It is composed of four amino acids (glutamic acid, proline, tryptophan, and methionine) and is similar to the natural hormone gastrin, which is produced by the stomach and helps regulate digestion.
Tetragastrin is used in medical research to study the function of the stomach and intestines, and it is also used in diagnostic tests to stimulate the release of gastric acid from the stomach. This can help diagnose conditions such as pernicious anemia, a condition in which the body cannot absorb vitamin B12 due to a lack of intrinsic factor, a protein produced by the stomach.
In summary, Tetragastrin is a synthetic hormone that mimics the function of natural gastrin and is used for research and diagnostic purposes related to the digestive system.
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Anesthesia Central | ALPRAZolamBenzodiazepines2023TabletsBenzodiazepineTabletDosageXanaxDrugsDose of alprazolamTreatment of generalized anxietyAnxiolytic effectPrecautionsWithdrawalTaken orallyDrug interactionsClonazepamSymptoms of anxietyOrder AlprazolamPillsPOWDERPanic disorderIndiaSedationPrescriptionPatientsNeurotransmittersTriazolobenzodiazepineAnxiety and panic disordersCommonlyDrowsinessAntidepressantAlcoholMedicationsEliminationRisksOccurSevereStructuralAddictiveDepressionSide effectsEfficacy
Benzodiazepines11
- Alprazolam, sold under the brand name Xanax, is a fast-acting, potent tranquilizer of moderate duration within the triazolobenzodiazepine group of chemicals called benzodiazepines. (wikipedia.org)
- Alprazolam, like other benzodiazepines, acts through the GABAA receptor, which is considered to be the main mechanism of action responsible for its primary effects and its physiologically inhibiting components on the body's central nervous system. (wikipedia.org)
- Alprazolam is in a class of medications called benzodiazepines. (medlineplus.gov)
- Because of its similarity to other benzodiazepines, it is assumed that alprazolam undergoes transplacental passage and that it is excreted in human milk. (nih.gov)
- Flu Alprazolam For Sale Benzodiazepines carry a far higher risk of abuse , dependence and addiction. (awlshelter.org)
- Uses Anxiety Disorder Alprazolam shares the actions of other benzodiazepines and is used for the management of anxiety disorders or for the short-term relief of symptoms of anxiety or anxiety associated with depressive symptoms. (awlshelter.org)
- The use of benzodiazepines, including alprazolam tablets, exposes users to risks of abuse, misuse, and addiction, which can lead to overdose or death. (nih.gov)
- Known hypersensitivity to alprazolam or other benzodiazepines. (nih.gov)
- Alprazolam is a class of benzodiazepines that are prescribed for a short time to relieve symptoms of anxiety or sleep problems. (marsoclinic.com)
- Ksalol Alprazolam 1mg sold under the brand name Xanax, is a fast-acting, potent tranquilizer of moderate duration within the triazolobenzodiazepine group of chemicals called benzodiazepines. (benzouks.com)
- However, it is important to note that benzodiazepines, including alprazolam, may also cause adverse central nervous system side effects such as drowsiness, confusion, and respiratory depression. (medical-actu.com)
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Tablets26
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- These highlights do not include all the information needed to use ALPRAZOLAM TABLETS safely and effectively. (nih.gov)
- See full prescribing information for ALPRAZOLAM TABLETS. (nih.gov)
- Before prescribing alprazolam tablets and throughout treatment, assess each patient's risk for abuse, misuse, and addiction. (nih.gov)
- Abrupt discontinuation or rapid dosage reduction of alprazolam tablets after continued use may precipitate acute withdrawal reactions, which can be life-threatening. (nih.gov)
- To reduce the risk of withdrawal reactions, use a gradual taper to discontinue alprazolam tablets or reduce the dosage. (nih.gov)
- Drugs that can affect the elimination of alprazolam from the body and affect its function include: Azole antifungal drugs (such as ketoconazole), cimetidine, antidepressants (such as SSRIs including paroxetine / fluoxetine) (fluoxetine) / fluvoxamine, macrolide antibiotics (such as erythromycin), rifamycins (such as rifabutin), St. John's wort tablets, anticonvulsant drugs (such as phenytoin), and anti-HIV drugs (such as deluxe inhibitors, inhibitors). (marsoclinic.com)
- Ksalol Alprazolam Tablets is used for treating anxiety disorders or panic attacks. (benzouks.com)
- Alprazolam is often prescribed as a tablet to be taken by mouth, but there are also other forms, such as chewable tablets and liquids. (medical-actu.com)
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Benzodiazepine5
- The chemical name of alprazolam is 8-Chloro-1-methyl-6-phenyl-4H-s-triazolo[4,3-α][1,4] benzodiazepine. (nih.gov)
- Alprazolam, known by its brand name Xanax, is a prescription drug that belongs to the benzodiazepine class of drugs. (mentalhealth.com)
- 1] Because of reports of effects in infants, including sedation, alprazolam is probably not the best benzodiazepine for repeated use during nursing, especially with a neonate or premature infant. (nih.gov)
- Alprazolam is a drug from the benzodiazepine family. (medical-actu.com)
- As a benzodiazepine tranquilizer, alprazolam depresses activity in various areas of the brain. (firstvet.com)
Tablet3
- Alprazolam comes as a tablet, an extended-release tablet, an orally disintegrating tablet (tablet that dissolves quickly in the mouth), and a concentrated solution (liquid) to take by mouth. (medlineplus.gov)
- We also guarantee that all of our Alprazolam tablet on sale come from certified suppliers and are free of any adulterants or contaminants. (adderallwiki.org)
- Alprazolam Tablet for sale from BestChemshopers.com are the perfect solution for those seeking an effective and safe treatment for anxiety, depression, and other disorders. (adderallwiki.org)
Dosage2
- In one study, some long term, high-dosage users of alprazolam developed reversible depression. (wikipedia.org)
- Patients were assigned to mexazolam 1mg three times daily (n = 32) or alprazolam 0.5mg three times daily (n = 32) during 1 week, followed sequentially by a period of 2 weeks of reducing dosage according to therapeutic response and by 1-week taper and 1-week treatment-free periods. (medscape.com)
Xanax11
- I have been taking alprazolam (Xanax) for about 3 years now. (erowid.org)
- Alprazolam is sold under the brand name Xanax, Xanax XR, Niravam and Trankimazin. (mentalhealth.com)
- Flu Alprazolam For Sale In South Carolina, street value of xanax 0. (awlshelter.org)
- Alprazolam - brand name Xanax - has been linked to 29 deaths in the NHS Grampian area last year. (pressandjournal.co.uk)
- Common side effects of fentanyl analogs are similar to those of fentanyl itself, which include itching, nausea and potentially serious respiratory depression, which Buy On Line Xanax 1mg can be buy discount alprazolam life-threatening. (wynardtage.de)
- ALPRAZOLAM/Xanax (al PRAY zoe lam) treats anxiety. (wellrx.com)
- Alprazolam (Xanax is the brand name for the drug alprazolam) is prescribed to treat insomnia, anxiety disorders, and mental panic disorder. (marsoclinic.com)
- Alprazolam (Xanax) can make you dizzy and drowsy, so make sure you are alert before driving or operating machinery. (marsoclinic.com)
- Alprazolam is marketed under the brand Xanax which is a medication used to relieve anxiety, panic attacks and even anxiety associated with depression. (benzouks.com)
- Alprazolam adalah obat yang dikenal dengan nama dagang seperti Xanax, Xanor, dan Niravam. (serbakini.com)
- This medication info sheet is meant to give you a good understanding of what Xanax (alprazolam) is used for, how it works, and potential side effects in cats and dogs. (firstvet.com)
Drugs4
- Drinking alcohol or using street drugs during your treatment with alprazolam also increases the risk that you will experience these serious, life-threatening side effects. (medlineplus.gov)
- Most of the interactions that have been documented with alprazolam are with drugs that inhibit or induce CYP3A4. (nih.gov)
- Alprazolam has an average rating of 8.7 out of 10 from a total of 1465 ratings on Drugs.com. (drugs.com)
- Effects on Driving and Operating Machinery: Patients receiving alprazolam should be cautioned against operating machinery or driving a motor vehicle, as well as avoiding concomitant use of alcohol and other central nervous system (CNS) depressant drugs. (nih.gov)
Dose of alprazolam2
- This dose of alprazolam can then be increased, depending on the needs of the patient, up to 4 mg per day in divided doses. (mentalhealth.com)
- After a single dose of alprazolam, there is usually no need to wait to resume breastfeeding. (nih.gov)
Treatment of generalized anxiety1
- Alprazolam is indicated for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults. (wikipedia.org)
Anxiolytic effect2
- Both mexazolam and alprazolam showed a significant anxiolytic effect and were well tolerated in the treatment of GAD, making it an effective pharmacotherapeutic alternative in the treatment of GAD. (medscape.com)
- Alprazolam is characterized by its mainly anxiolytic effect. (mentalhealth.com)
Precautions1
- Additionally, the article highlights the pros and cons of using alprazolam, as well as precautions to take to minimize health risks. (medical-actu.com)
Withdrawal3
- Stopping alprazolam suddenly can worsen your condition and cause withdrawal symptoms that may last for several weeks to more than 12 months. (medlineplus.gov)
- It is important to note that alprazolam should only be used under the supervision of a doctor, as it can lead to dependence and difficult withdrawal if the dose is not adjusted correctly. (medical-actu.com)
- Also, prolonged use of alprazolam may cause adaptation of the central nervous system, which may make the drug less effective and increase the risk of withdrawal. (medical-actu.com)
Taken orally2
- Alprazolam is generally taken orally (by mouth). (wikipedia.org)
- Alprazolam is taken orally. (mentalhealth.com)
Drug interactions1
- Check for drug interactions with alprazolam, and if you are taking a drug that interacts with this drug, talk to your doctor about using your medications. (marsoclinic.com)
Clonazepam1
- Use For Klonopin - Klonopin vs. Flu Alprazolam For Sale Clonazepam should be used for only a short time. (awlshelter.org)
Symptoms of anxiety4
- In the US, alprazolam is FDA-approved for the management of anxiety disorders, a condition corresponding most closely to the American Psychological Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR) diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder, or the short-term relief of symptoms of anxiety. (wikipedia.org)
- Alprazolam is an anti-anxiety medication prescribed to treat different symptoms of anxiety disorders , including anxiety associated with depression. (mentalhealth.com)
- Alprazolam works by changing the levels of certain chemicals in the brain, which has the effect of reducing anxiety and relieving symptoms of anxiety. (medical-actu.com)
- Alprazolam is fast-acting, usually within the first few hours after taking it, and can relieve symptoms of anxiety for several hours. (medical-actu.com)
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Pills1
- The specific medications listed below can increase the risk of side effects from alprazolam (such as shortness of breath, severe drowsiness, and dizziness) if you take medications such as alcohol, sleeping pills, or anti-anxiety medications (such as diazepam). (marsoclinic.com)
POWDER1
- Alprazolam is a white crystalline powder, which is soluble in methanol or ethanol but which has no appreciable solubility in water at physiological pH. (nih.gov)
Panic disorder5
- Alprazolam is most commonly used in management of anxiety disorders, specifically panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). (wikipedia.org)
- Alprazolam is not recommended in Australia for the treatment of panic disorder because of concerns regarding tolerance, dependence, and abuse. (wikipedia.org)
- Most evidence shows that the benefits of alprazolam in treating panic disorder last only four to ten weeks. (wikipedia.org)
- Alprazolam is recommended by the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) for treatment-resistant cases of panic disorder where there is no history of tolerance or dependence. (wikipedia.org)
- Alprazolam is used to treat anxiety disorders and panic disorder (sudden, unexpected attacks of extreme fear and worry about these attacks). (medlineplus.gov)
India6
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Sedation2
- Alprazolam may increase the risk of serious or life-threatening breathing problems, sedation, or coma if used along with certain medications. (medlineplus.gov)
- If alprazolam is used long term, monitor the infant for sedation, poor feeding and poor weight gain. (nih.gov)
Prescription1
- Alprazolam is listed as a Class C drug under current legislation and is only available on a private prescription in the UK. (pressandjournal.co.uk)
Patients8
- To compare the anxiolytic effects of mexazolam with those of alprazolam in patients with generalised anxiety disorder (GAD). (medscape.com)
- The purpose of this trial was to compare the efficacy and tolerability of mexazolam versus alprazolam in the treatment of patients with GAD. (medscape.com)
- In patients with alcoholic liver disease the half-life of alprazolam ranged between 5.8 and 65.3 hours (mean: 19.7 hours, n=17) as compared to between 6.3 and 26.9 hours (mean=11.4 hours, n=17) in healthy subjects. (nih.gov)
- Pediatrics - The pharmacokinetics of alprazolam in pediatric patients have not been studied. (nih.gov)
- Ultimately, the alprazolam article is important for patients and healthcare professionals seeking to understand this drug and make informed treatment decisions. (medical-actu.com)
- Ultimately, alprazolam may benefit patients with anxiety and panic disorders, but careful monitoring of its effects on the central nervous system is important to minimize health risks. (medical-actu.com)
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Neurotransmitters4
- Alprazolam affects the function of GABA neurotransmitters (responsible for transmitting messages to brain cells), is sedative and helps relax muscles (restful sleep). (marsoclinic.com)
- Alprazolam works by changing the levels of certain chemicals called neurotransmitters in the brain. (medical-actu.com)
- However, alprazolam may also have effects on other neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and norepinephrine. (medical-actu.com)
- It is important to carefully monitor the effects of alprazolam on neurotransmitters and follow your doctor's instructions to minimize health risks. (medical-actu.com)
Triazolobenzodiazepine1
- Alprazolam is a triazolobenzodiazepine compound with antianxiety and sedative-hypnotic actions, that. (itopmeds.com)
Anxiety and panic disorders1
- Alprazolam is used to treat anxiety and panic disorders. (affygility.com)
Commonly1
- Flu Alprazolam For Sale It is commonly chewed, smoked or brewed as tea in Southeast Asia where it has been used for hundreds of years. (awlshelter.org)
Drowsiness2
- Like all central nervous system depressants, alprazolam in larger-than-normal doses can cause significant deterioration in alertness and increase drowsiness, especially in those unaccustomed to the drug's effects. (wikipedia.org)
- People whose profession requires the manipulation of machinery or driving should be cautious as alprazolam can cause drowsiness or dizziness. (mentalhealth.com)
Antidepressant1
- However, the research into antidepressant properties of alprazolam is poor and has only assessed its short-term effects against depression. (wikipedia.org)
Alcohol3
- Do not drink alcohol while taking ALPRAZolam. (drugs.com)
- You may feel more drowsy, dizzy, or tired if you take ALPRAZolam with alcohol. (drugs.com)
- Alprazolam can cause breathing issues, particularly when used alongside alcohol or opioid medications. (mentalhealth.com)
Medications3
- Alprazolam may be used in combination with other medications for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. (wikipedia.org)
- If you take alprazolam with any of these medications and you develop any of the following symptoms, call your doctor immediately or seek emergency medical care immediately: unusual dizziness, lightheadedness, extreme sleepiness, slowed or difficult breathing, or unresponsiveness. (medlineplus.gov)
- Some medications that may interact with alprazolam include kava and sodium oxibate. (marsoclinic.com)
Elimination1
- Using a specific assay methodology, the mean plasma elimination half-life of alprazolam has been found to be about 11.2 hours (range: 6.3-26.9 hours) in healthy adults. (nih.gov)
Risks1
- The steep rise in deaths has prompted the health authority to issue a "drug alert" over alprazolam, along with a warning to users over the risks of buying it illegally. (pressandjournal.co.uk)
Occur1
- Alprazolam may cause a physical dependence (a condition in which unpleasant physical symptoms occur if a medication is suddenly stopped or taken in smaller doses), especially if you take it for several days to several weeks. (medlineplus.gov)
Severe2
- Alprazolam is effective in the relief of moderate to severe anxiety and panic attacks. (wikipedia.org)
- medical citation needed] In the UK, alprazolam is recommended for short-term treatment, from two to four weeks, of severe acute anxiety. (wikipedia.org)
Structural1
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Addictive1
- Your doctor will usually start treatment with a lower dose of the drug and then increase the dose for you (long-term use of alprazolam can be addictive). (marsoclinic.com)
Depression1
- Anxiety associated with depression is responsive to alprazolam. (wikipedia.org)
Side effects2
Efficacy1
- Use with CYP3A Inducers: Increase the risk of reduced efficacy of alprazolam. (nih.gov)