Acute disease. Medical search. Definitions

Disease having a short and relatively severe course.

A subgenus of LENTIVIRUS comprising viruses that produce multi-organ disease with long incubation periods in cattle.

An acute infectious disease caused by COXIELLA BURNETII. It is characterized by a sudden onset of FEVER; HEADACHE; malaise; and weakness. In humans, it is commonly contracted by inhalation of infected dusts derived from infected domestic animals (ANIMALS, DOMESTIC).

A species of gram-negative bacteria that grows preferentially in the vacuoles of the host cell. It is the etiological agent of Q FEVER.

A species of LENTIVIRUS, subgenus equine lentiviruses (LENTIVIRUSES, EQUINE), causing acute and chronic infection in horses. It is transmitted mechanically by biting flies, mosquitoes, and midges, and iatrogenically through unsterilized equipment. Chronic infection often consists of acute episodes with remissions.

Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care. (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)

The degree of pathogenicity within a group or species of microorganisms or viruses as indicated by case fatality rates and/or the ability of the organism to invade the tissues of the host. The pathogenic capacity of an organism is determined by its VIRULENCE FACTORS.

Large, hoofed mammals of the family EQUIDAE. Horses are active day and night with most of the day spent seeking and consuming food. Feeding peaks occur in the early morning and late afternoon, and there are several daily periods of rest.

An experimental animal model for central nervous system demyelinating disease. Inoculation with a white matter emulsion combined with FREUND'S ADJUVANT, myelin basic protein, or purified central myelin triggers a T cell-mediated immune response directed towards central myelin. The pathologic features are similar to MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, including perivascular and periventricular foci of inflammation and demyelination. Subpial demyelination underlying meningeal infiltrations also occurs, which is also a feature of ENCEPHALOMYELITIS, ACUTE DISSEMINATED. Passive immunization with T-cells from an afflicted animal to a normal animal also induces this condition. (From Immunol Res 1998;17(1-2):217-27; Raine CS, Textbook of Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p604-5)

Immunoglobulins produced in response to VIRAL ANTIGENS.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

The process of intracellular viral multiplication, consisting of the synthesis of PROTEINS; NUCLEIC ACIDS; and sometimes LIPIDS, and their assembly into a new infectious particle.

Inbred BALB/c mice are a strain of laboratory mice that have been selectively bred to be genetically identical to each other, making them useful for scientific research and experiments due to their consistent genetic background and predictable responses to various stimuli or treatments.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Two types have been identified - cytotoxic (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and helper T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER). They are formed when lymphocytes circulate through the THYMUS GLAND and differentiate to thymocytes. When exposed to an antigen, they divide rapidly and produce large numbers of new T cells sensitized to that antigen.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Morphologic alteration of small B LYMPHOCYTES or T LYMPHOCYTES in culture into large blast-like cells able to synthesize DNA and RNA and to divide mitotically. It is induced by INTERLEUKINS; MITOGENS such as PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS, and by specific ANTIGENS. It may also occur in vivo as in GRAFT REJECTION.

An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.

Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Inbred C57BL mice are a strain of laboratory mice that have been produced by many generations of brother-sister matings, resulting in a high degree of genetic uniformity and homozygosity, making them widely used for biomedical research, including studies on genetics, immunology, cancer, and neuroscience.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Rational sequence of tests for pancreatic function. (1/20367)

Of 144 patients with suspected pancreatic disease in whom a 75Se-selenomethionine scan was performed, endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP) was successful in 108 (75%). The final diagnosis is known in 100 patients and has been compared with scan and ERP findings. A normal scan reliably indicated a normal pancreas, but the scan was falsely abnormal in 30%. ERP distinguished between carcinoma and chronic pancreatitis in 84% of cases but was falsely normal in five patients with pancreatic disease. In extrahepatic biliary disease both tests tended to give falsely abnormal results. A sequence of tests to provide a rapid and reliable assessment of pancreatic function should be a radio-isotope scan, followed by ERP if the results of the scan are abnormal, and a Lundh test if the scan is abnormal but the findings on ERP are normal. (+info)

Activation of alveolar macrophages in lung injury associated with experimental acute pancreatitis is mediated by the liver. (2/20367)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate (1) whether alveolar macrophages are activated as a consequence of acute pancreatitis (AP), (2) the implication of inflammatory factors released by these macrophages in the process of neutrophil migration into the lungs observed in lung injury induced by AP, and (3) the role of the liver in the activation of alveolar macrophages. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Acute lung injury is the extrapancreatic complication most frequently associated with death and complications in severe AP. Neutrophil infiltration into the lungs seems to be related to the release of systemic and local mediators. The liver and alveolar macrophages are sources of mediators that have been suggested to participate in the lung damage associated with AP. METHODS: Pancreatitis was induced in rats by intraductal administration of 5% sodium taurocholate. The inflammatory process in the lung and the activation of alveolar macrophages were investigated in animals with and without portocaval shunting 3 hours after AP induction. Alveolar macrophages were obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage. The generation of nitric oxide, leukotriene B4, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and MIP-2 by alveolar macrophages and the chemotactic activity of supernatants of cultured macrophages were evaluated. RESULTS: Pancreatitis was associated with increased infiltration of neutrophils into the lungs 3 hours after induction. This effect was prevented by the portocaval shunt. Alveolar macrophages obtained after induction of pancreatitis generated increased levels of nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and MIP-2, but not leukotriene B4. In addition, supernatants of these macrophages exhibited a chemotactic activity for neutrophils when instilled into the lungs of unmanipulated animals. All these effects were abolished when portocaval shunting was carried out before induction of pancreatitis. CONCLUSION: Lung damage induced by experimental AP is associated with alveolar macrophage activation. The liver mediates the alveolar macrophage activation in this experimental model. (+info)

Enhanced Th1 and dampened Th2 responses synergize to inhibit acute granulomatous and fibrotic responses in murine schistosomiasis mansoni. (3/20367)

In murine schistosomiasis mansoni, CD4(+) Th1 and Th2 cells participate in the ovum-induced granulomatous inflammation. Previous studies showed that the interleukin-12 (IL-12)-induced Th1 response strongly suppressed the Th2-cell-mediated pulmonary granuloma development in naive or primed mice. However, liver granulomas were only moderately suppressed in egg-vaccinated, recombinant IL-12 (rIL-12)-treated infected mice. The present study shows that repeated rIL-12 injections given during early granuloma development at 5 to 7 weeks after infection prolonged the Th1 phase and resulted in gamma interferon-mediated suppression of liver granulomas. The timing is crucial: if given at 6 to 8 weeks, during the Th2-dominated phase of florid granuloma growth, the treatment is ineffective. Daily injections of rIL-12 given between 5 and 7.5 weeks during the period of granuloma growth achieved a somewhat-stronger diminution in granuloma growth with less deposition of collagen but caused 60% mortality and liver pathology. In contrast, combined treatment with rIL-12 and anti-IL-4-anti-IL-10 monoclonal antibody (MAb) injections given during the Th2 phase strongly inhibited liver granuloma growth without mortality. The diminished inflammatory response was accompanied by less deposition of collagen in the liver. Moreover, neutralization of endogenous IL-12 by anti-IL-12 MAbs effectively decreased the early Th1 phase (between 5 and 6 weeks after infection) but not the developing Th2 phase (5 to 7 weeks) of granuloma development. These studies indicate that the granulomatous response in infected mice can be manipulated by utilizing the Th1-Th2-subset antagonism with potential salutary results in the amelioration of fibrous pathology. (+info)

Delay in presentation of patients with acute stroke to hospital in Oxford. (4/20367)

We identified prospectively all patients (181 patients, 183 episodes) admitted to hospital in Oxford with acute stroke from 1 January to 30 June 1997. Data were inadequate in 30, leaving 153 episodes in 151 patients (63 men, 90 women). Structured interviews were used to investigate the timing of events preceding admission. Most strokes (91%) occurred at home, and 36% of patients were alone. After a median delay of 15 min, 56% called a GP (median 30 min response), 41% an ambulance (median 48 min to admission), and 3% went directly to A&E. Median time from hospital admission to doctor assessment was 69 min. Factors reducing delay were: initially calling an ambulance rather than a GP (p < 0.0001); onset not at home (p < 0.001); symptoms improving between onset and admission (p < 0.002); and altered consciousness (p < 0.002). The stroke was not recognized by 44% of patients, but no significant delay resulted. Overall, 31% were admitted within 3 h of onset, 46% within 6 h. Initial contact with the GP is a major determinant of delay. If acute therapies for stroke become available, GPs should be the primary targets for an educational initiative. (+info)

Assessment of swallowing and referral to speech and language therapists in acute stroke. (5/20367)

The best clinical assessment of swallowing following acute stroke, in order to decide whether to refer a patient to a speech and language therapist (SLT), is uncertain. Independently of the managing clinical team, we prospectively investigated 115 patients (51 male) with acute stroke, mean age 75 years (range 24-94) within 72 h of admission, using a questionnaire, structured examination and timed water swallowing test. Outcome variables included referral to and intervention by a speech and language therapist (SLT), dietary modification, respiratory complications and death. Of those patients in whom an SLT recommended intervention, 97% were detected by an abnormal quantitative water swallowing test; specificity was 69%. An SLT was very unlikely to recommend any intervention if the test was normal. Inability to perform a water test and/or abnormality of the test was associated with significantly increased relative risks of death, chest infection and dietary modification. A timed water swallowing test can be a useful test of swallowing and may be used to screen patients for referral to a speech and language therapist after acute stroke. (+info)

Chlamydia pneumoniae and atherosclerosis. (6/20367)

OBJECTIVE: To review the literature for evidence that chronic infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae is associated with atherosclerosis and acute coronary syndromes. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE and Institute of Science and Information bibliographic databases were searched at the end of September 1998. Indexing terms used were chlamydi*, heart, coronary, and atherosclerosis. Serological and pathological studies published as papers in any language since 1988 or abstracts since 1997 were selected. DATA EXTRACTION: It was assumed that chronic C pneumoniae infection is characterised by the presence of both specific IgG and IgA, and serological studies were examined for associations that fulfilled these criteria. Pathological studies were also reviewed for evidence that the presence of C pneumoniae in diseased vessels is associated with the severity and extent of atherosclerosis. DATA SYNTHESIS: The majority of serological studies have shown an association between C pneumoniae and atherosclerosis. However, the number of cases in studies that have reported a positive association when using strict criteria for chronic infection is similar to the number of cases in studies which found no association. Nevertheless, the organism is widely found in atherosclerotic vessels, although it may not be at all diseased sites and is not confined to the most severe lesions. Rabbit models and preliminary antibiotic trials suggest that the organism might exacerbate atherosclerosis. CONCLUSION: More evidence is required before C pneumoniae can be accepted as playing a role in atherosclerosis. Although use of antibiotics in routine practice is not justified, large scale trials in progress will help to elucidate the role of C pneumoniae. (+info)

Painful incarcerated hernia following a rugby union lineout. (7/20367)

Discussion related to hernias in sport usually involves the diagnosis and treatment of chronic musculotendinous groin disruption. A case of acute trauma in an incarcerated inguinal hernia, occurring in a rugby union player during a lineout, is presented. The injury arose as a result of a change in the laws of the game. (+info)

T lymphocyte adhesion mechanisms within inflamed human kidney: studies with a Stamper-Woodruff assay. (8/20367)

Renal inflammatory conditions are characterized by mononuclear cell recruitment to sites of inflammation. We have developed a modified Stamper-Woodruff assay system to analyze mechanisms of functional T cell adhesion to cryostat sections of renal biopsy material from patients with vasculitic glomerulonephritis (GN) and acute allograft rejection. Peripheral blood T cells adhered to intraglomerular, periglomerular, and tubulointerstitial regions of the cortex. Blocking monoclonal antibodies against tissue expressed ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and the CS-1 domain of fibronectin (CS-1Fn) differentially attenuated T cell adhesion. Glomerular adhesion in vasculitic GN and tubulointerstitial adhesion in acute rejection were particularly sensitive to both anti-ICAM-1 and anti-VCAM-1 antibodies, indicating a prominent role for ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 at glomerular sites in vasculitis and at tubulointerstitial sites in rejection. Furthermore, using KL/4 cells (LFA-1 expressing) and Jurkat cells (VLA-4 expressing), we demonstrated specific LFA-1/ICAM-1- and VLA-4/VCAM-1-mediated interactions within glomerular and tubulointerstitial compartments. Jurkat cells also adhered to VCAM-1-free sites, and binding was inhibitable by anti-CS-1Fn antibody, thereby demonstrating a role for VLA-4/fibronectin interactions especially at intraglomerular sites in acute rejection where VCAM-1 is notably absent. We therefore propose a prominent functional role for ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and CS-1 domain fibronectin in T cell recruitment to the inflamed kidney. (+info)

An acute disease is a medical condition that has a rapid onset, develops quickly, and tends to be short in duration. Acute diseases can range from minor illnesses such as a common cold or flu, to more severe conditions such as pneumonia, meningitis, or a heart attack. These types of diseases often have clear symptoms that are easy to identify, and they may require immediate medical attention or treatment.

Acute diseases are typically caused by an external agent or factor, such as a bacterial or viral infection, a toxin, or an injury. They can also be the result of a sudden worsening of an existing chronic condition. In general, acute diseases are distinct from chronic diseases, which are long-term medical conditions that develop slowly over time and may require ongoing management and treatment.

Examples of acute diseases include:

* Acute bronchitis: a sudden inflammation of the airways in the lungs, often caused by a viral infection.
* Appendicitis: an inflammation of the appendix that can cause severe pain and requires surgical removal.
* Gastroenteritis: an inflammation of the stomach and intestines, often caused by a viral or bacterial infection.
* Migraine headaches: intense headaches that can last for hours or days, and are often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound.
* Myocardial infarction (heart attack): a sudden blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle, often caused by a buildup of plaque in the coronary arteries.
* Pneumonia: an infection of the lungs that can cause coughing, chest pain, and difficulty breathing.
* Sinusitis: an inflammation of the sinuses, often caused by a viral or bacterial infection.

It's important to note that while some acute diseases may resolve on their own with rest and supportive care, others may require medical intervention or treatment to prevent complications and promote recovery. If you are experiencing symptoms of an acute disease, it is always best to seek medical attention to ensure proper diagnosis and treatment.

Lentiviruses, Bovine, refer to a genus of retroviruses that cause a slow, chronic infection in cattle. These viruses are characterized by their ability to infect non-dividing cells and establish a persistent infection. The bovine lentiviruses include the Maedi-Visna virus (MVV) and the Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus (BIV).

MVV primarily affects the respiratory and central nervous systems of infected animals, causing progressive pneumonia and neurological symptoms. BIV, on the other hand, is more similar to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and causes a bovine immunodeficiency syndrome, characterized by a decline in the immune function and increased susceptibility to other infections.

Both MVV and BIV are transmitted horizontally between animals through close contact with infected bodily fluids such as milk, colostrum, saliva, and semen, as well as vertically from infected cows to their offspring. Currently, there are no vaccines or specific treatments available for bovine lentivirus infections, and control measures focus on identifying and isolating infected animals to prevent the spread of the virus.

Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium Coxiella burnetii. It is characterized by acute or chronic flu-like symptoms, pneumonia, and hepatitis. The bacteria are primarily transmitted to humans through inhalation of contaminated dust or aerosols from infected animals such as cattle, sheep, and goats. Q fever can also be transmitted through consumption of unpasteurized milk or direct contact with infected animals. It is often asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic in animals but can cause severe disease in humans.

The acute form of Q fever typically presents with sudden onset of high fever, severe headache, fatigue, muscle pain, and cough. Some patients may also develop pneumonia or hepatitis. The chronic form of the disease is less common but more serious, often affecting people with compromised immune systems. Chronic Q fever can lead to endocarditis, an infection of the inner lining of the heart, which can be life-threatening if left untreated.

Diagnosis of Q fever typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, serological testing, and PCR (polymerase chain reaction) assays. Treatment usually involves antibiotics such as doxycycline or fluoroquinolones for several weeks to months, depending on the severity and duration of the illness. Prevention measures include avoiding contact with infected animals, wearing protective clothing and masks when handling animal products, and pasteurizing milk before consumption.

Coxiella burnetii is a gram-negative, intracellular bacterium that causes Q fever, a zoonotic disease with various clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic seroconversion to acute and chronic forms. The bacterium is highly infectious and can be transmitted to humans through inhalation of contaminated aerosols or direct contact with infected animals or their products. C. burnetii has a unique ability to survive and replicate within host cells, particularly within phagocytic vacuoles, by inhibiting phagosome-lysosome fusion and altering the intracellular environment to promote its survival.

The bacterium exhibits a biphasic developmental cycle, consisting of small cell variants (SCVs) and large cell variants (LCVs). SCVs are metabolically inactive and highly resistant to environmental stressors, including heat, desiccation, and disinfectants. LCVs, on the other hand, are metabolically active and undergo replication within host cells. C. burnetii can form persistent infections, which may contribute to chronic Q fever and its associated complications, such as endocarditis and vascular infection.

Q fever is a worldwide distributed disease, with a higher incidence in rural areas where livestock farming is prevalent. The primary reservoirs for C. burnetii are domestic animals, including cattle, sheep, and goats, although wild animals and arthropods can also serve as potential hosts. Effective antibiotic treatment options for Q fever include doxycycline and fluoroquinolones, while vaccination with the phase I whole-cell vaccine is available in some countries to prevent infection in high-risk populations.

Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA) is a viral disease that affects horses and other equine animals. The causative agent of this disease is the Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV), which belongs to the family Retroviridae and genus Lentivirus. This virus is primarily transmitted through the transfer of infected blood, most commonly through biting insects such as horseflies and deerflies.

The EIAV attacks the immune system of the infected animal, causing a variety of symptoms including fever, weakness, weight loss, anemia, and edema. The virus has a unique ability to integrate its genetic material into the host's DNA, which can lead to a lifelong infection. Some animals may become chronic carriers of the virus, showing no signs of disease but remaining infectious to others.

There is currently no cure for EIA, and infected animals must be isolated to prevent the spread of the disease. Vaccines are available in some countries, but they do not provide complete protection against infection and may only help reduce the severity of the disease. Regular testing and monitoring of equine populations are essential to control the spread of this virus.

A chronic disease is a long-term medical condition that often progresses slowly over a period of years and requires ongoing management and care. These diseases are typically not fully curable, but symptoms can be managed to improve quality of life. Common chronic diseases include heart disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes, arthritis, and COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). They are often associated with advanced age, although they can also affect children and younger adults. Chronic diseases can have significant impacts on individuals' physical, emotional, and social well-being, as well as on healthcare systems and society at large.

Virulence, in the context of medicine and microbiology, refers to the degree or severity of damage or harm that a pathogen (like a bacterium, virus, fungus, or parasite) can cause to its host. It is often associated with the ability of the pathogen to invade and damage host tissues, evade or suppress the host's immune response, replicate within the host, and spread between hosts.

Virulence factors are the specific components or mechanisms that contribute to a pathogen's virulence, such as toxins, enzymes, adhesins, and capsules. These factors enable the pathogen to establish an infection, cause tissue damage, and facilitate its transmission between hosts. The overall virulence of a pathogen can be influenced by various factors, including host susceptibility, environmental conditions, and the specific strain or species of the pathogen.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "horses" is not a medical term. It is the common name given to the species *Equus ferus caballus*, which are large domesticated mammals used for transportation, work, and recreation. If you have any questions about horses or a related topic that you would like a medical perspective on, please let me know and I'd be happy to help!

Autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a model of inflammatory demyelinating disease used in medical research to study the mechanisms of multiple sclerosis (MS) and develop new therapies. It is experimentally induced in laboratory animals, typically mice or rats, through immunization with myelin antigens or T-cell transfer. The resulting immune response leads to inflammation, demyelination, and neurological dysfunction in the central nervous system (CNS), mimicking certain aspects of MS.

EAE is a valuable tool for understanding the pathogenesis of MS and testing potential treatments. However, it is essential to recognize that EAE is an experimental model and may not fully recapitulate all features of human autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Antibodies, viral are proteins produced by the immune system in response to an infection with a virus. These antibodies are capable of recognizing and binding to specific antigens on the surface of the virus, which helps to neutralize or destroy the virus and prevent its replication. Once produced, these antibodies can provide immunity against future infections with the same virus.

Viral antibodies are typically composed of four polypeptide chains - two heavy chains and two light chains - that are held together by disulfide bonds. The binding site for the antigen is located at the tip of the Y-shaped structure, formed by the variable regions of the heavy and light chains.

There are five classes of antibodies in humans: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM. Each class has a different function and is distributed differently throughout the body. For example, IgG is the most common type of antibody found in the bloodstream and provides long-term immunity against viruses, while IgA is found primarily in mucous membranes and helps to protect against respiratory and gastrointestinal infections.

In addition to their role in the immune response, viral antibodies can also be used as diagnostic tools to detect the presence of a specific virus in a patient's blood or other bodily fluids.

Animal disease models are specialized animals, typically rodents such as mice or rats, that have been genetically engineered or exposed to certain conditions to develop symptoms and physiological changes similar to those seen in human diseases. These models are used in medical research to study the pathophysiology of diseases, identify potential therapeutic targets, test drug efficacy and safety, and understand disease mechanisms.

The genetic modifications can include knockout or knock-in mutations, transgenic expression of specific genes, or RNA interference techniques. The animals may also be exposed to environmental factors such as chemicals, radiation, or infectious agents to induce the disease state.

Examples of animal disease models include:

1. Mouse models of cancer: Genetically engineered mice that develop various types of tumors, allowing researchers to study cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis.
2. Alzheimer's disease models: Transgenic mice expressing mutant human genes associated with Alzheimer's disease, which exhibit amyloid plaque formation and cognitive decline.
3. Diabetes models: Obese and diabetic mouse strains like the NOD (non-obese diabetic) or db/db mice, used to study the development of type 1 and type 2 diabetes, respectively.
4. Cardiovascular disease models: Atherosclerosis-prone mice, such as ApoE-deficient or LDLR-deficient mice, that develop plaque buildup in their arteries when fed a high-fat diet.
5. Inflammatory bowel disease models: Mice with genetic mutations affecting intestinal barrier function and immune response, such as IL-10 knockout or SAMP1/YitFc mice, which develop colitis.

Animal disease models are essential tools in preclinical research, but it is important to recognize their limitations. Differences between species can affect the translatability of results from animal studies to human patients. Therefore, researchers must carefully consider the choice of model and interpret findings cautiously when applying them to human diseases.

Virus replication is the process by which a virus produces copies or reproduces itself inside a host cell. This involves several steps:

1. Attachment: The virus attaches to a specific receptor on the surface of the host cell.
2. Penetration: The viral genetic material enters the host cell, either by invagination of the cell membrane or endocytosis.
3. Uncoating: The viral genetic material is released from its protective coat (capsid) inside the host cell.
4. Replication: The viral genetic material uses the host cell's machinery to produce new viral components, such as proteins and nucleic acids.
5. Assembly: The newly synthesized viral components are assembled into new virus particles.
6. Release: The newly formed viruses are released from the host cell, often through lysis (breaking) of the cell membrane or by budding off the cell membrane.

The specific mechanisms and details of virus replication can vary depending on the type of virus. Some viruses, such as DNA viruses, use the host cell's DNA polymerase to replicate their genetic material, while others, such as RNA viruses, use their own RNA-dependent RNA polymerase or reverse transcriptase enzymes. Understanding the process of virus replication is important for developing antiviral therapies and vaccines.

BALB/c is an inbred strain of laboratory mouse that is widely used in biomedical research. The strain was developed at the Institute of Cancer Research in London by Henry Baldwin and his colleagues in the 1920s, and it has since become one of the most commonly used inbred strains in the world.

BALB/c mice are characterized by their black coat color, which is determined by a recessive allele at the tyrosinase locus. They are also known for their docile and friendly temperament, making them easy to handle and work with in the laboratory.

One of the key features of BALB/c mice that makes them useful for research is their susceptibility to certain types of tumors and immune responses. For example, they are highly susceptible to developing mammary tumors, which can be induced by chemical carcinogens or viral infection. They also have a strong Th2-biased immune response, which makes them useful models for studying allergic diseases and asthma.

BALB/c mice are also commonly used in studies of genetics, neuroscience, behavior, and infectious diseases. Because they are an inbred strain, they have a uniform genetic background, which makes it easier to control for genetic factors in experiments. Additionally, because they have been bred in the laboratory for many generations, they are highly standardized and reproducible, making them ideal subjects for scientific research.

Molecular sequence data refers to the specific arrangement of molecules, most commonly nucleotides in DNA or RNA, or amino acids in proteins, that make up a biological macromolecule. This data is generated through laboratory techniques such as sequencing, and provides information about the exact order of the constituent molecules. This data is crucial in various fields of biology, including genetics, evolution, and molecular biology, allowing for comparisons between different organisms, identification of genetic variations, and studies of gene function and regulation.

T-lymphocytes, also known as T-cells, are a type of white blood cell that plays a key role in the adaptive immune system's response to infection. They are produced in the bone marrow and mature in the thymus gland. There are several different types of T-cells, including CD4+ helper T-cells, CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells, and regulatory T-cells (Tregs).

CD4+ helper T-cells assist in activating other immune cells, such as B-lymphocytes and macrophages. They also produce cytokines, which are signaling molecules that help coordinate the immune response. CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells directly kill infected cells by releasing toxic substances. Regulatory T-cells help maintain immune tolerance and prevent autoimmune diseases by suppressing the activity of other immune cells.

T-lymphocytes are important in the immune response to viral infections, cancer, and other diseases. Dysfunction or depletion of T-cells can lead to immunodeficiency and increased susceptibility to infections. On the other hand, an overactive T-cell response can contribute to autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammation.

In the field of medicine, "time factors" refer to the duration of symptoms or time elapsed since the onset of a medical condition, which can have significant implications for diagnosis and treatment. Understanding time factors is crucial in determining the progression of a disease, evaluating the effectiveness of treatments, and making critical decisions regarding patient care.

For example, in stroke management, "time is brain," meaning that rapid intervention within a specific time frame (usually within 4.5 hours) is essential to administering tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), a clot-busting drug that can minimize brain damage and improve patient outcomes. Similarly, in trauma care, the "golden hour" concept emphasizes the importance of providing definitive care within the first 60 minutes after injury to increase survival rates and reduce morbidity.

Time factors also play a role in monitoring the progression of chronic conditions like diabetes or heart disease, where regular follow-ups and assessments help determine appropriate treatment adjustments and prevent complications. In infectious diseases, time factors are crucial for initiating antibiotic therapy and identifying potential outbreaks to control their spread.

Overall, "time factors" encompass the significance of recognizing and acting promptly in various medical scenarios to optimize patient outcomes and provide effective care.

Lymphocyte activation is the process by which B-cells and T-cells (types of lymphocytes) become activated to perform effector functions in an immune response. This process involves the recognition of specific antigens presented on the surface of antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells or macrophages.

The activation of B-cells leads to their differentiation into plasma cells that produce antibodies, while the activation of T-cells results in the production of cytotoxic T-cells (CD8+ T-cells) that can directly kill infected cells or helper T-cells (CD4+ T-cells) that assist other immune cells.

Lymphocyte activation involves a series of intracellular signaling events, including the binding of co-stimulatory molecules and the release of cytokines, which ultimately result in the expression of genes involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and effector functions. The activation process is tightly regulated to prevent excessive or inappropriate immune responses that can lead to autoimmunity or chronic inflammation.

An Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) is a type of analytical biochemistry assay used to detect and quantify the presence of a substance, typically a protein or peptide, in a liquid sample. It takes its name from the enzyme-linked antibodies used in the assay.

In an ELISA, the sample is added to a well containing a surface that has been treated to capture the target substance. If the target substance is present in the sample, it will bind to the surface. Next, an enzyme-linked antibody specific to the target substance is added. This antibody will bind to the captured target substance if it is present. After washing away any unbound material, a substrate for the enzyme is added. If the enzyme is present due to its linkage to the antibody, it will catalyze a reaction that produces a detectable signal, such as a color change or fluorescence. The intensity of this signal is proportional to the amount of target substance present in the sample, allowing for quantification.

ELISAs are widely used in research and clinical settings to detect and measure various substances, including hormones, viruses, and bacteria. They offer high sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility, making them a reliable choice for many applications.

Cytokines are a broad and diverse category of small signaling proteins that are secreted by various cells, including immune cells, in response to different stimuli. They play crucial roles in regulating the immune response, inflammation, hematopoiesis, and cellular communication.

Cytokines mediate their effects by binding to specific receptors on the surface of target cells, which triggers intracellular signaling pathways that ultimately result in changes in gene expression, cell behavior, and function. Some key functions of cytokines include:

1. Regulating the activation, differentiation, and proliferation of immune cells such as T cells, B cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and macrophages.
2. Coordinating the inflammatory response by recruiting immune cells to sites of infection or tissue damage and modulating their effector functions.
3. Regulating hematopoiesis, the process of blood cell formation in the bone marrow, by controlling the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells.
4. Modulating the development and function of the nervous system, including neuroinflammation, neuroprotection, and neuroregeneration.

Cytokines can be classified into several categories based on their structure, function, or cellular origin. Some common types of cytokines include interleukins (ILs), interferons (IFNs), tumor necrosis factors (TNFs), chemokines, colony-stimulating factors (CSFs), and transforming growth factors (TGFs). Dysregulation of cytokine production and signaling has been implicated in various pathological conditions, such as autoimmune diseases, chronic inflammation, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders.

An amino acid sequence is the specific order of amino acids in a protein or peptide molecule, formed by the linking of the amino group (-NH2) of one amino acid to the carboxyl group (-COOH) of another amino acid through a peptide bond. The sequence is determined by the genetic code and is unique to each type of protein or peptide. It plays a crucial role in determining the three-dimensional structure and function of proteins.

C57BL/6 (C57 Black 6) is an inbred strain of laboratory mouse that is widely used in biomedical research. The term "inbred" refers to a strain of animals where matings have been carried out between siblings or other closely related individuals for many generations, resulting in a population that is highly homozygous at most genetic loci.

The C57BL/6 strain was established in 1920 by crossing a female mouse from the dilute brown (DBA) strain with a male mouse from the black strain. The resulting offspring were then interbred for many generations to create the inbred C57BL/6 strain.

C57BL/6 mice are known for their robust health, longevity, and ease of handling, making them a popular choice for researchers. They have been used in a wide range of biomedical research areas, including studies of cancer, immunology, neuroscience, cardiovascular disease, and metabolism.

One of the most notable features of the C57BL/6 strain is its sensitivity to certain genetic modifications, such as the introduction of mutations that lead to obesity or impaired glucose tolerance. This has made it a valuable tool for studying the genetic basis of complex diseases and traits.

Overall, the C57BL/6 inbred mouse strain is an important model organism in biomedical research, providing a valuable resource for understanding the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying human health and disease.

A base sequence in the context of molecular biology refers to the specific order of nucleotides in a DNA or RNA molecule. In DNA, these nucleotides are adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). In RNA, uracil (U) takes the place of thymine. The base sequence contains genetic information that is transcribed into RNA and ultimately translated into proteins. It is the exact order of these bases that determines the genetic code and thus the function of the DNA or RNA molecule.

An acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (AECB), is a ... Bach PB, Brown C, Gelfand SE, McCrory DC (2001). "Management of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a ... Guidelines for treatment of acute lung diseases. August 2004. Authors: Christer Hanson, Carl-Axel Karlsson, Mary Kämpe, ... An acute exacerbation of COPD is associated with increased frequency and severity of coughing. It is often accompanied by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_exacerbation_of_chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease

The causes of acute pancreatitis also varies across age groups, with trauma and systemic disease (such as infection) being more ... The acute pancreatitis (acute hemorrhagic pancreatic necrosis) is characterized by acute inflammation and necrosis of pancreas ... UK Working Party on Acute Pancreatitis (May 2005). "UK guidelines for the management of acute pancreatitis". Gut. 54 (Suppl 3 ... Working Group IAP/APA Acute Pancreatitis Guidelines (2013). "IAP/APA evidence-based guidelines for the management of acute ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_pancreatitis

"Acute respiratory distress syndrome". Nature Reviews. Disease Primers. 5 (1): 18. doi:10.1038/s41572-019-0069-0. PMC 6709677. ... June 2015). "Pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome: consensus recommendations from the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury ... Bakowitz, Magdalena (August 2012). "Acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome in the injured patient". ... Marino (2006), pp 435 Bakowitz, Magdalena; Bruns, Brandon; McCunn, Maureen (2012-08-10). "Acute lung injury and the acute ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_respiratory_distress_syndrome

March 2016). "Acute myeloid leukaemia". Nature Reviews. Disease Primers. 2 (1): 16010. doi:10.1038/nrdp.2016.10. PMID 27159408 ... Seiter K, Jules EH (20 May 2011). "Acute Myeloid Leukemia Staging". Retrieved 26 August 2011. Mihova D. "Leukemia acute - Acute ... Acute leukemias of ambiguous lineage (also known as mixed phenotype or biphenotypic acute leukemia) occur when the leukemic ... Complete remission does not mean the disease has been cured; rather, it signifies no disease can be detected with available ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_myeloid_leukemia

November 2008). "[Acute esophageal necrosis. An underdiagnosed disease]". Rev Esp Enferm Dig (in Spanish). 100 (11): 701-5. doi ... The prognosis for acute esophageal necrosis is generally poor, as the condition is associated with a high risk of mortality (up ... Acute esophageal necrosis was first described by Goldenberg et al. in 1990. Cases have emerged since 1960, but have never been ... Acute esophageal necrosis made an appearance on an American medical drama show, Dr. G: Medical Examiner. Jan Garavaglia, the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_esophageal_necrosis

... is a disease that infects oak trees originally described in the UK. It mainly affects mature oak trees of ... Unlike chronic oak decline, acute oak decline can lead to the death of trees within 4 to 5 years of symptoms appearing. The ... nov., associated with Acute Oak Decline". Systematic and Applied Microbiology. 33 (8): 444-450. doi:10.1016/j.syapm.2010.08.006 ... "What is acute oak decline?". Forest research. Retrieved 2009-09-26. "Scientists Identify Bacteria in Loughborough Trees ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_oak_decline

The disease was first described in 1940 by H. L. Sheehan as an "acute yellow atrophy" of the liver, then thought to be related ... Pang WW, Lei CH, Chang DP, Yang TF, Chung YT, Huang MH (1999). "Acute jaundice in pregnancy: acute fatty liver or acute viral ... Riely CA (1987). "Acute fatty liver of pregnancy". Seminars in Liver Disease. 7 (1): 47-54. doi:10.1055/s-2008-1040563. PMID ... Koroshi A, Babameto A (2002). "Acute renal failure during acute fatty liver of pregnancy". Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_fatty_liver_of_pregnancy

Wilson's disease (hereditary copper accumulation) may infrequently present with acute liver failure. Acute liver failure also ... Acute liver failure is the appearance of severe complications rapidly after the first signs (such as jaundice) of liver disease ... acute as 8-28 days, and subacute as 4-12 weeks; both the speed with which the disease develops and the underlying cause ... in a patient without known prior liver disease".page 1557 The diagnosis of acute liver failure is based on physical exam, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_liver_failure

Johnson, CS (1995). "Sickle-Cell Disease: The Acute Chest Syndrome". Sickle cell disease (SCD). Centers for Disease Control and ... "acute chest syndrome" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary Kumar, Abbas, Fausto. Robbins and Cotran: The Pathologic Basis of Disease ... "Inhaled bronchodilators for acute chest syndrome in people with sickle cell disease". The Cochrane Database of Systematic ... The acute chest syndrome is a vaso-occlusive crisis of the pulmonary vasculature commonly seen in people with sickle cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_chest_syndrome

... relapse of malignant disease and incidence of acute and chronic graft-versus-host diseases if they are used for prophylactic ... Larson RA (2 January 2018). "Managing CNS disease in adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia". Leukemia & Lymphoma. 59 (1): 3- ... "ACS :: How Is Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Classified?". Archived from the original on 23 March 2008. DeAngelo DJ, Pui C. Acute ... Diagnosis is typically Acute lymphoblastic leukemia based on blood tests and bone marrow examination. Acute lymphoblastic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_lymphoblastic_leukemia

... "acute disease", it refers to the acute phase (that is, a short course) of any disease entity. For example, in an article on ... "acute" is also included in the definition of several diseases, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome, acute leukaemia, ... A mild stubbed toe is an acute injury. Similarly, many acute upper respiratory infections and acute gastroenteritis cases in ... "in acute disease there may be increased mortality without any obvious signs", referring to the acute form or phase of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_(medicine)

Ramnarayan P (June 2009). "Measuring the performance of an inter-hospital transport service". Archives of Disease in Childhood ... The Children's Acute Transport Service (CATS) is a publicly funded specialised regional intensive care transport service for ... Archives of Disease in Childhood. 95 (9): 681-685. doi:10.1136/adc.2008.151266. PMID 19666940. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Children's_Acute_Transport_Service

... (ADEM), or acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis, is a rare autoimmune disease marked by a ... Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis at NIH's Office of Rare Diseases Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis Information Page at ... Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis (AHL, or AHLE), acute hemorrhagic encephalomyelitis (AHEM), acute necrotizing hemorrhagic ... Autoimmune diseases, Central nervous system disorders, Enterovirus-associated diseases, Measles, Rare diseases). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_disseminated_encephalomyelitis

Diseases of Tetrapyrrole Metabolism - Refsum Disease and the Hepatic Porphyrias at eMedicine Narang, Neatu; Banerjee, A; Kotwal ... AIP is one of the four porphyrias that presents as an acute attack. 90% of affected individuals never experience an acute ... studies of the severe homozygous dominant disease provides insights into the neurologic attacks in acute porphyrias". Archives ... "Recent advances in the epidemiology and genetics of acute intermittent porphyria". Intractable & Rare Diseases Research. 9 (4 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_intermittent_porphyria

"Acute Flaccid Myelitis". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 1 March 2019. Archived from the original on 29 March ... "About Acute Flaccid Myelitis". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Archived from the original on 2018-10-11. ... "Acute Flaccid Myelitis". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 17 December 2018. Archived from the original on 21 ... "Acute neurologic illness with focal limb weakness of unknown etiology in children". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_flaccid_myelitis

"Fact sheet on Acute Radiation Syndrome". U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Archived from the original on 16 July ... Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wikimedia Commons has media related to Acute radiation syndrome. "Emergency ... Acute effects of ionizing radiation were first observed when Wilhelm Röntgen intentionally subjected his fingers to X-rays in ... Acute radiation syndrome (ARS), also known as radiation sickness or radiation poisoning, is a collection of health effects that ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_radiation_syndrome

... rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/524/acute-megakaryoblastic-leukemia (NIH Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center) (CS1 ... Wang SA, Hasserjian RP (July 2015). "Acute Erythroleukemias, Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemias, and Reactive Mimics: A Guide to ... Cases of the disease not associated with mediastinal germ cell tumors occur in adults who as a group have older median age ... "Acute Myeloid Leukemia - Signs and Symptoms". Arber DA, Orazi A, Hasserjian R, Thiele J, Borowitz MJ, Le Beau MM, Bloomfield CD ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_megakaryoblastic_leukemia

Acute beryllium disease was first reported in Europe in 1933 and in the United States in 1943. OSHA Beryllium Health Effects ... Acute beryllium poisoning is an occupational disease. Relevant occupations are those where beryllium is mined, processed or ... Acute beryllium poisoning is acute chemical pneumonitis resulting from the toxic effect of beryllium in its elemental form or ... of cases may progress to chronic beryllium disease. Acute beryllium poisoning approximately doubles the risk of lung cancer. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_beryllium_poisoning

2008) Agricultural lung diseases. Environ Health Perspect 108:705-12. Hlastala MP, Ralph DD, Babb AL, Influence of gas physical ... 2007) Acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS): the mechanism, present strategies and future ... In the acute phase of ALI, there is increased permeability of this barrier and protein rich fluid leaks out of the capillaries ... 2008) Animal models of acute lung injury. Am J Physiol. 295:L379-99. Li X, Li S, Zhang M, Li X, Zhang X, Zhang W, Li C. (2010) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_inhalation_injury

The Network Platform of Severe Acute Respiratory Infectious diseases (SARI) in China Saudi Critical Care Trials Group (SCCTG) ... It is hosted at the Nuffield Department of Medicine within the University of Oxford and led by the Epidemic diseases Research ... The International Severe Acute Respiratory and emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC) is an international research initiative ... ANRS Emerging Infectious Diseases Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (ANZIC-RC) Australian and New ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Severe_Acute_Respiratory_and_emerging_Infection_Consortium

When a limb is ischaemic in the non-acute (chronic) setting, the condition is alternatively called peripheral artery disease or ... ABC of Arterial and Venous Disease: Acute Limb Ischaemia Ken Callum and Andrew Bradbury BMJ: British Medical Journal, Vol. 320 ... Obara, H.; Matsubara, K.; Kitagawa, Y. (25 December 2018). "Acute Limb Ischemia". Annals of Vascular Diseases. 11 (4): S5- ... In treating acute limb ischaemia time is everything. In the worst cases, acute limb ischaemia progresses to critical limb ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_limb_ischaemia

It is a rare disease, constituting about 2-5% of all leukemia cases. It mostly involve myeloid with either of T lymphocyte or B ... "mixed-phenotype acute leukemia" to include leukemias of ambiguous lineage, acute undifferentiated leukemias and natural killer ... Mixed-phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) is a group of blood cancers (leukemia) which have combined features of myeloid and ... The name "mixed-phenotype acute leukemia" was adopted by the World Health Organization in 2008 to include leukemias of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixed-phenotype_acute_leukemia

American Journal of Kidney Diseases. 41 (5): e18.1-e18.6. doi:10.1016/S0272-6386(03)00214-2. PMID 12778436. (Wikipedia articles ... Acute tubular necrosis is classified as a "renal" (i.e. not pre-renal or post-renal) cause of acute kidney injury. Diagnosis is ... is preferred by pathologists over the older name acute tubular necrosis (ATN). ATN presents with acute kidney injury (AKI) and ... Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is a medical condition involving the death of tubular epithelial cells that form the renal tubules ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_tubular_necrosis

"Acute and Subacute, and Reidel's Thyroiditis." Ed. Leslie J. De Groot. The Thyroid And Its Diseases. 6th ed. New York: Elsevier ... "Acute and Subacute, and Reidel's Thyroiditis." Ed. Leslie J. De Groot. The Thyroid And Its Diseases. 6th ed. New York: Elsevier ... "Acute and Subacute, and Reidel's thyroiditis - Thyroid Disease Manager". Archived from the original on 2012-04-29. Retrieved ... If diagnosis and/or treatment is delayed, the disease could prove fatal. Acute infectious thyroiditis is very rare, with it ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_infectious_thyroiditis

Acute hepatomyoencephalopathy (HME) syndrome is the name given to a multi-system disease affecting the liver, muscle and brain ... Disappearance of a deadly disease acute hepatomyoencephalopathy syndrome from Saharanpur. Indian J Med Res. 2012 Jan; 135(1): ... Pathologically there is acute onset massive zonal necrosis of liver and histopathology evidence of acute muscle fibre ... it was concluded that the disease was not encephalitis as so far believed but a fatal multi-system disease affecting liver, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_HME_syndrome

Clinical presentation of diseases of pericardium may vary between: Acute and recurrent pericarditis Pericardial effusion ... The other 10-20% of acute pericarditis cases have various causes including connective tissue diseases (e.g., systemic lupus ... There are several causes of acute pericarditis. In developed nations, the cause of most (80-90%) cases of acute pericarditis is ... Acute pericarditis is associated with a modest increase in serum creatine kinase MB (CK-MB). and cardiac troponin I (cTnI), ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_pericarditis

... and myocardial infarction in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease (MINOCA). In the setting of acute chest pain, ... Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a syndrome (a set of signs and symptoms) due to decreased blood flow in the coronary arteries ... Allergic acute coronary syndrome (Kounis syndrome) Amsterdam, E. A.; Wenger, N. K.; Brindis, R. G.; Casey, D. E.; Ganiats, T. G ... Symptoms of the acute coronary syndromes are similar. The cardinal symptom of critically decreased blood flow to the heart is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_coronary_syndrome

In 1978, Young and Bird named the disease when presented in both eyes, Bilateral Acute Retinal Necrosis, otherwise known as ... Urayama and his colleagues reported the disease that they saw in six Japanese patients. Since then the disease has been seen in ... Further progressed stages of the disease can cause blindness in the eye experiencing ARN. Though the disease may be present ... The disease is not limited to a specific gender. Most cases have been reported in young adults though children and the elderly ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_retinal_necrosis

Aging-associated diseases, Cardiovascular diseases, Ischemic heart diseases, Medical emergencies, Cardiac procedures). ... people who present with angina must prompt evaluation for possible acute coronary syndrome. Acute coronary syndromes are ... Management of acute coronary syndrome is targeted against the effects of reduced blood flow to the affected area of the heart ... Acute coronary syndromes are caused by sudden and critical reduction of blood flow in one of the coronary arteries, the vessels ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Management_of_acute_coronary_syndrome

CSF studies are normal earlier in the course of disease. Later on CSF shows moderate elevation of proteins. Brain tumors, ... Acute cerebellar ataxia is the most common cause of unsteady gait in children. The condition is rare in children older than ten ... Acute Cerebellar ataxia is a diagnosis of exclusion. Urgent CT scan is necessary to rule out cerebellar tumor or hemorrhage as ... Acute cerebellar ataxia usually follows 2-3 weeks after an infection. Onset is abrupt. Vomiting may be present at the onset but ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_cerebellar_ataxia_of_childhood

These standardized criteria for the limit of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) are applied to report high sensitivity flow cytometric MRD in multiple myeloma, 7 chronic lymphocytic leukemia 8 and acute lymphoblastic leukemia 9 following extensive clinical validation. (haematologica.org)
Finally, another preliminary study conducted by researchers at the Children s Hospital of Philadelphia and the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania of 30 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) revealed some success in treating this disease using T-cell therapy. (acsh.org)
PBX1 chromosomal breakpoints in acute lymphoblastic leukemia and their use for measurable residual disease assessment. (bvsalud.org)
The translocation t(1;19)(q23;p13) with the resulting chimeric TCF3PBX1 gene is the third most prevalent recurrent chromosomal translocation in acute lymphoblastic leukemia and accounts for 3-5% of cases. (bvsalud.org)

An acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (AECB), is a sudden worsening of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) symptoms including shortness of breath, quantity and color of phlegm that typically lasts for several days. (wikipedia.org)
An acute exacerbation of COPD is associated with increased frequency and severity of coughing. (wikipedia.org)
As the lungs tend to be vulnerable organs due to their exposure to harmful particles in the air, several things can cause an acute exacerbation of COPD: Respiratory infection, being responsible for approximately half of COPD exacerbations. (wikipedia.org)
Acute Exacerbation of Chron. (nursingcenter.com)
Using a strict definition of acute exacerbation (AE) of fibrotic lung disease derived from the IPF Network Pulmonary Perspective statement, 10 of the 27 patients were classified as definite AE and nine as suspected AE. (nih.gov)
H. Kato, H. Ikeuchi and M. Nakamura, "Acute Exacerbation of Liver Disease Induced by Pegylated Interferon Alpha2a Treatment for Chronic Hepatitis C," International Journal of Clinical Medicine , Vol. 1 No. 1, 2010, pp. 1-5. (scirp.org)
M. Shindo, A. M. D. Bisceglie and J. H. Hoofnagle, "Ac ute Exacerbation of Liver Disease during Interferon Alfa Therapy for Chronic Hepatitis C," Gastroenterology, Vol. 102, No. 4, 1992, pp. 14061408. (scirp.org)
This study elucidates whether the GOLD 2017 classification is associated with different future exacerbation risk in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) compared with the previous GOLD categorization. (archbronconeumol.org)

Autopsy and histologic findings at the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner in New York City included presence in the lung of chronic inflammatory cells with intranuclear inclusions, consistent with adenoviral bronchiolitis and acute respiratory distress syndrome. (cdc.gov)
[ 1 ] Liver disease such as acute viral hepatitis can occur in pregnancy, and pregnancy may occur in a patient with underlying chronic liver disease, including patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension, and patients who have undergone liver transplantation. (medscape.com)
Based on the clinical onset of acute respiratory failure (ARF), NMD can be classified into two main categories: 1) slowly progressive NMD with acute exacerbations of chronic respiratory failure, and 2) rapidly progressive NMD with acute episodes of respiratory failure. (nih.gov)
The most common slowly progressive NMDs, such as motor neuron diseases and inherited myopathies, account for the majority of NMD patients developing chronic neuromuscular respiratory failure at risk of acute exacerbations. (nih.gov)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and results in an economic and social burden that is both substantial and increasing. (nursingcenter.com)
Chronic bloody diarrhea may be due to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which is ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease. (gi.org)
Kidney problems can develop suddenly (acute) or over the long term (chronic). (cigna.com)
Many conditions, diseases, and medicines can create situations that lead to acute and chronic kidney problems. (cigna.com)
Acute kidney injury, which used to be called acute renal failure, is more commonly reversible than chronic kidney failure. (cigna.com)
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is usually caused by a long-term disease, such as high blood pressure or diabetes, that slowly damages the kidneys and reduces their function over time. (cigna.com)
The presence or lack of symptoms may help your doctor determine whether acute kidney injury or chronic kidney disease is present. (cigna.com)
Symptoms of chronic kidney disease may not develop until very little kidney function remains. (cigna.com)
Other problems may develop with chronic kidney disease, such as anemia and increased levels of phosphorus in the blood (hyperphosphatemia), along with complications caused by kidney failure. (cigna.com)
Your doctor will compare these levels to previous tests to find out if your kidney problem is acute or chronic. (cigna.com)
An ultrasound of the kidneys also may help determine whether kidney problems are acute or chronic. (cigna.com)
Normal-sized kidneys may be present in either condition, but when both kidneys are smaller than normal, chronic kidney disease is usually the problem. (cigna.com)
This review examines the evidence linking acute kidney injury (AKI) with the risk of subsequently developing chronic kidney disease (CKD). (karger.com)
Amongst the survivors of an episode of AKI, there is an increasing understanding of long-term consequences that may include an increased mortality risk, the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and the progression from CKD to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) [ 2,3 ]. (karger.com)
Retrieved from https://www.hematology.org/advocacy/policy-news-statements-testimony-and-correspondence/testimony-and-correspondence/ash-letter-cdc-prevention-management-of-acute-chronic-pain . (hematology.org)
In addition, clinical presentation is often nonspecific, contributing to a poor recognition of these disorders and confusion with other chronic pulmonary diseases. (ersjournals.com)
Antifibrinolytic amino acids have been suggested for the treatment of gastrointestinal emergency, but it is unknown whether they are of benefit or cause harm when used for treating upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people with acute or chronic liver disease. (cochrane.org)
This updated Cochrane review identified no randomised clinical trials assessing the benefits and harms of antifibrinolytic amino acids for upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people with acute or chronic liver disease. (cochrane.org)
Unless randomised clinical trials are conducted to assess the trade-off between benefits and harms, we cannot recommend or refute antifibrinolytic amino acids for upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people with acute or chronic liver diseases. (cochrane.org)
Acute splenic sequestration (ASS) and chronic hypersplenism are common features of homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease in the first 5 years of life affecting one-third of subjects in the Jamaican Cohort Study. (hindawi.com)
Extracorporeal photopheresis, an effective treatment for patients with chronic graft-vs-host disease, has recently been shown to benefit patients with steroid-refractory graft-vs-host disease. (ascopost.com)
These kidney diseases can be acute or chronic. (healthhype.com)
As a person gets older the risk of chronic kidney disease increases. (healthhype.com)
As many as 7 in 10 Americans over the age of 70 have some degree of chronic kidney disease whereas it affects only about 1 in 20 Americans in their thirties. (healthhype.com)
The focus of this doctoral thesis was to describe and characterize patients with acute coronary syndromes and concomitant chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, their management, and the impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on outcome. (lu.se)

Guidelines for treatment of acute lung diseases. (wikipedia.org)

ACS is acute coronary syndromes. (statista.com)

Fig. 1: Morbilliform rash, the most common skin manifestation of acute graft-vs-host disease. (ascopost.com)
Fig. 2: Follicular accentuation of skin lesions may be an early but important clinical clue during the development of acute graft-vs-host disease. (ascopost.com)
The cornerstone of treatment for acute graft-vs-host disease is the prophylactic regimen, but once cutaneous lesions develop, treatment is based on the stage of disease. (ascopost.com)
Acute graft-vs-host disease is the major cause of nonrelapse mortality following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for patients with hematologic malignancies. (ascopost.com)
Acute graft-vs-host disease results from epithelial tissue damage following conditioning chemotherapy with subsequent infusion of competent donor lymphocytes within the allograft that result in damage to the skin, gut, and liver. (ascopost.com)
The incidence of acute graft-vs-host disease is estimated to be 40% to 60% for those undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation, and cutaneous involvement is frequently the earliest manifestation. (ascopost.com)
Acute graft-vs-host disease may occur either in isolation or in combination with intestinal or hepatic disease. (ascopost.com)
Skin biopsy may demonstrate interface dermatitis with necrotic keratinocytes, but its utility in diagnosing acute graft-vs-host disease is controversial. (ascopost.com)
Risk factors for acute graft-vs-host disease include histocompatibility antigen mismatch, older age of transplant recipient, total-body irradiation as a component of conditioning chemotherapy, gender mismatch between donor and recipient, and prior host exposure to blood products. (ascopost.com)
Acute graft-vs-host disease usually presents within the first 100 days following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. (ascopost.com)
these include late-onset acute, recurrent acute, and persistent acute graft-vs-host disease. (ascopost.com)
Erythema of the ears or palms may herald the onset of acute graft-vs-host disease. (ascopost.com)
While a morbilliform appearance (Fig. 1) is the most common skin manifestation of acute graft-vs-host disease, other morphologies are well recognized and include violaceous lesions, reticulated variants, and severe forms that produce widespread desquamation that may mimic toxic epidermal necrolysis. (ascopost.com)
Ensuring that the calcineurin inhibitor used for graft-vs-host disease prophylaxis is within the serum therapeutic range, or restarting a systemic calcineurin inhibitor along with high-dose systemic steroids at the onset of stage II to IV acute graft-vs-host disease is preferred. (ascopost.com)
The application of topical steroids twice daily to moist skin and covered with warm wet towels as an occlusive measure ("wet wrap") is particularly effective for patients with diffuse skin graft-vs-host disease. (ascopost.com)

Common bacterial pathogens of acute exacerbations include Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Moraxella catarrhalis. (wikipedia.org)
In this context, the present article reports expert opinions on the definition and diagnosis of acute exacerbations, which are major unpredictable deleterious episodes of acute worsening with significant morbidity that punctuate disease course. (ersjournals.com)

The objectives of the Biomarkers of Acute Cardiovascular Diseases (BACD) Division involve furthering the clinical, analytical and fundamental science of established, developing and novel biomarkers for the diagnosis, risk assessment, monitoring and management of patients with acute cardiovascular diseases including, but not limited to, acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, and acute thromboembolic disease. (aacc.org)
[ 2 ] In 1958, streptokinase was first used in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and this changed the focus of treatment. (medscape.com)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
Saving Lives, Protecting People Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). (cdc.gov)

Most cases of acute, watery diarrhea are caused by viruses (viral gastroenteritis). (gi.org)

Three days later, AQ-1's grandson, 1 year of age, in Case of Fatal Acute displayed similar symptoms. (cdc.gov)
Symptoms of decreased kidney function, such as fluid buildup or electrolyte imbalance , are more likely to develop with acute kidney injury, regardless of how long the kidney has been malfunctioning. (cigna.com)
What are the symptoms of Acute Fatty Liver Disease in Pregnancy (AFLP)? (britishlivertrust.org.uk)
Acute chest syndrome is an important complication of sickle cell disease characterised by fever and/or respiratory symptoms and a new pulmonary infiltrate on chest X-Ray. (b-s-h.org.uk)
As with any other organ damage, the signs and symptoms of kidney disease and damage are due to disturbances in kidney function. (healthhype.com)
The duration of kidney disease is also a factor in determining the symptoms that become evident. (healthhype.com)
Therefore relying solely on the signs and symptoms of kidney disease can lead to a delayed diagnosis. (healthhype.com)
Initially these symptoms appear as lethargy and gradually worsens if the kidney damage or disease persists. (healthhype.com)
These chest symptoms are more prominent in people with pre-existing heart disease. (healthhype.com)
We audited acute inpatients with HIV infection to describe the current prevalence of neurological symptoms and signs in our cohort. (bmj.com)
Conclusions This audit demonstrates a high incidence of neurological symptoms and signs in the acute HIV setting. (bmj.com)
Common Cold The common cold is an acute, usually afebrile, self-limited viral infection causing upper respiratory symptoms, such as rhinorrhea, cough, and sore throat. (msdmanuals.com)
Patients with ulcerative colitis must be made aware of the significant risk of colon cancer, and surgical intervention in nonacute cases should be encouraged after 10 years of disease or when symptoms are refractory or steroid dependent. (medscape.com)

Subscribe to the monthly infectious hazard preparedness newsletter of WHO's Health Emergencies Programme for the latest data and analysis on epidemic- and pandemic-prone diseases, as well as news on outbreak preparedness and response within WHO's Eastern Mediterranean Region. (who.int)
Due to the speed and volume of international travel and trade, emerging infectious diseases such as SARS are difficult to contain within geographic borders, placing numerous countries and regions at risk with a single outbreak. (gao.gov)
was identified in 2003 as the cause of an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) that began in China near the end of 2002. (msdmanuals.com)
and the Ebola virus disease outbreak in West Africa (graded in 2014, deactivated June 2016). (who.int)
Because during the period under review the response to the Ebola virus disease outbreak consisted primarily of risk management activities related to the persistence of virus in survivors, details are described only briefly. (who.int)
With the exception of the complex emergency in Nigeria and the Ebola virus disease outbreak, all the Grade 3 emergencies were also classified by the Inter-Agency Standing Committee as system- wide Level 3 emergencies. (who.int)

Establish a mechanism for young clinical laboratory professionals to gain clinical, research and development, and interpretive experience in the area of biomarkers of acute cardiovascular disease. (aacc.org)
Provide a forum for collaboration with other the Association for Diagnostics & Laboratory Medicine (formerly AACC) divisions and committees including, but not limited to the Proteomics Division, the Clinical and Diagnostic Immunology Division, the Lipoproteins and Vascular Diseases Division, the Industry Division and the Evidence Based Laboratory Medicine Committee and NACB. (aacc.org)
A simple (top-up) transfusion may suffice in early or less severe disease but exchange transfusion will be necessary if there are features of clinical severity or a lack of response to simple transfusion. (b-s-h.org.uk)
We found no randomised clinical trials (studies where people are randomly put into one of two or more treatment groups) for inclusion in this updated review on the benefits and harms of antifibrinolytic amino acids for upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people with liver diseases. (cochrane.org)
Dr Omar Din Consultant Clinical Oncologist Weston Park Hospital Acute Oncology Study Day 9 th October 2013. (slideserve.com)
METHODS A total of 27 children aged 5-16 years (mean age 10) admitted with acute asthma had recordings of oxygen saturation (Sa o 2 ), clinical score, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1 ), and breathlessness score (HMP) at admission and at 5, 10, 24, 48, and 72 hours after admission. (bmj.com)
Various diagnostic investigations like a urea and electrolyte (U&E) blood test are better indicators of kidney disease than the clinical presentation. (healthhype.com)

This can result in hepatic stress for the mother, causing fat infiltrations to build up in the liver (fatty liver disease). (britishlivertrust.org.uk)
The prevalence of fatty liver disease (FLD) and that of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) share some risk factors known to exacerbate the course of acute pancreatitis (AP). (mdpi.com)

Current status of thrombolytic agents in acute cerebrovascular disease. (bmj.com)

Neuromuscular diseases (NMD) can affect all major respiratory muscles, leading to the development of respiratory failure, which is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in patients affected by those conditions. (nih.gov)
Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs in up to 20% of patients admitted to hospital and results in significant morbidity and mortality [ 1 ]. (karger.com)
Editorial: Do Our Sedation Practices Contribute to Increased Mortality in Coronavirus Disease 2019-Related Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome? (sccm.org)
entitled "Association of Sedation, Coma, and In-Hospital Mortality in Mechanically Ventilated Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019-Related Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome" and suggest that reemploying the use of evidence-based strategies developed over the past 20 years through rigorous controlled trials is one of the best mechanisms by which to help critically ill adults with COVID-19 liberate from the ICU and transition toward recovery and survivorship. (sccm.org)
In this study, the authors describe patients according to the maximum degree of respiratory support received and report their inpatient mortality due to coronavirus disease 2019. (sccm.org)
Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) in acute care: a strong marker of disease presence and severity, readmission and mortality. (bmj.com)
Water recreation and disease : plausibility of associated infections: acute effects, sequelae and mortality / K. Pond. (who.int)

It is suspected that the combination of the altered RANBP2 protein and the abnormal immune response play a role in individuals' susceptibility to recurrent episodes of acute necrotizing encephalopathy type 1. (medlineplus.gov)

Recent dietary changes can also lead to acute diarrhea. (gi.org)

Most cases of acute kidney injury occur in people who are already in the hospital for other reasons. (cigna.com)

Infection prevention and control measures aim to reduce the spread of disease to vulnerable individuals in both the general community and in healthcare facilities. (oregon.gov)
A story in Sunday's Wall Street Journal highlights Stanford's leadership in treating a mystifying disease in which a child suddenly develops intense psychiatric problems, often after an infection. (stanford.edu)
The changing demographics of HIV infection in the UK, particularly the ageing population, are likely to alter the spectrum of neurological disease seen in HIV centres. (bmj.com)
Whereas in the acute phase of the disease immunoregulatory processes prevail in the hippocampus and the cortex, we observed a strong activation of neurogenic processes in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, both by gene expression and immunohistology starting as early as 3 days after infection. (biomedcentral.com)
Acute necrotizing encephalopathy type 1, also known as susceptibility to infection-induced acute encephalopathy 3 or IIAE3, is a rare type of brain disease (encephalopathy) that occurs following a viral infection such as the flu. (medlineplus.gov)
Researchers suspect that prolonged inflammation in response to the infection may be involved in the development of acute necrotizing encephalopathy type 1, although the role of the altered RANBP2 protein in this process is unknown. (medlineplus.gov)
The Essentials about Neonatal Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection and Coronavirus Disease: A Narrative Review. (bvsalud.org)
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ( SARS-CoV-2 ) infection can occur in neonates as the virus can be transmitted both horizontally (from the environment ) and vertically (during the pregnancy or at the delivery). (bvsalud.org)

is a novel coronavirus identified as the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that began in Wuhan, China in late 2019 and spread worldwide. (msdmanuals.com)
The goal is to provide the practical points to be remembered at the bedside while caring for a pregnant woman or a neonate with suspected or proven coronavirus disease 2019 or multisystem inflammatory syndrome . (bvsalud.org)

Repeat dosing of albuterol via metered-dose inhaler in infants with acute obstructive airway disease: a randomized controlled safety trial. (druglib.com)

Within the international community of clinicians and researchers involved in paediatric parenchymal lung diseases, the need for multicentre collaborations has resulted in the formation of networks of expertise to improve and harmonise approaches to diagnosis and management of the various forms of chILD. (ersjournals.com)

Kidney damage can occur through various ways, from trauma and infections to autoimmune diseases and diabetes. (healthhype.com)
However, the opposite may occur in certain kidney diseases like interstitial nephritis and pyelonephritis. (healthhype.com)

The disease, called pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome, can be terribly disabling, altering kids' personalities, interfering with their school work and making it hard for families to function. (stanford.edu)
Due to the precise mechanism of improving oxygenation function, development of pediatric prone ventilation technology has been largely focused on children with acute respiratory distress syndrome. (springer.com)
A single-center, randomized controlled trial of pediatric patients with acute lung injury after surgery for congenital heart disease who will receive prone position ventilation or usual care (control group). (springer.com)
Pediatric acute lung injury (PALI) is a common complication of congenital heart disease that presents with refractory hypoxemia. (springer.com)

Conclusion FAF photography non-invasively visualised sequential metabolic and functional changes in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in acute VKH disease. (bmj.com)
The researchers turned human embryonic cells into retinal pigment epithelial cells, which are destroyed by these two diseases, and transplanted these cells into the retinas of the 18 study subjects. (acsh.org)

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is usually caused by an event that leads to kidney malfunction. (cigna.com)
These complications often do not develop until kidney disease has been present for some time. (cigna.com)
In these people, acute kidney injury is usually diagnosed when routine tests show a sudden increase in creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels. (cigna.com)
Acute fatty liver of pregnancy is a very serious condition that can cause rapid liver and kidney failure and can be life-threatening for both mother and baby if not diagnosed. (britishlivertrust.org.uk)
The extent to which these kidney functions are disrupted depends on the type and severity of the kidney disease. (healthhype.com)
However, many people with varying degrees of kidney damage and disease are not aware of the underlying cause of the kidney problem. (healthhype.com)
Nevertheless it is important to be aware of the signs of kidney damage and disease. (healthhype.com)
In kidney damage and diseases where urine production is reduced, the fluid that is not passed out with urine is retained within the body. (healthhype.com)
Depending on the type of kidney disease and duration, there may be a reduction in red blood cells (anemia) which can also cause shortness of breath and anemia. (healthhype.com)
Introduction Vancomycin is a recognised cause of drug-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). (bmj.com)

Address for correspondence: Mathieu Mateo, Unit of Biology of sequencing, elucidate the disease progression and the Emerging Viral Infections, Institut Pasteur, 21 Ave Tony Garnier, Lyon pathogen origin. (cdc.gov)
Acute diarrhea is one of the most commonly reported illnesses in the United States, second only to respiratory infections. (gi.org)
Acute respiratory infections in rural hill region of Nepal : a prospective pilot intervention study / Mrigendra Raj Pandey, principal investigator, and ARI study team. (who.int)

The first two time points represent the acute and sub-acute phase of bacterial meningitis, whereas the latter represent the recovery phase of the disease. (biomedcentral.com)
Dynamics of acute bacterial diseases : epidemiological models and their application in public health / B. Cvjetanovic, B. Grab, K. Uemura. (who.int)

People with liver disease frequently have haemostatic abnormalities, which include hyperfibrinolysis (increased prevention of blood clotting). (cochrane.org)

An interstitial lung disease expert assisted with the acute care of each patient. (nih.gov)
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) in children (chILD) is an umbrella term for a wide spectrum of rare diseases affecting the lung parenchyma, the causes of which often remain undetermined. (ersjournals.com)

Transverse chest CT images demonstrated in- We identified a case of fatal acute respiratory disease creased areas of patchy shadows and consolidation in both from household transmission of human adenovirus type lungs compared to CT images from April 22, indicative of 55 (HAdV-55) in Anhui Province, China. (cdc.gov)
SARS is a highly contagious respiratory disease that infected more than 8,000 individuals in 29 countries principally throughout Asia, Europe, and North America and led to more than 800 deaths as of July 11, 2003. (gao.gov)

The advent of measurable residual disease (MRD) assays for AML has resulted in more sensitive estimates of residual leukemia, allowing patients to be subdivided into those with complete morphological remission with negative MRD (CR MRD- ) or with positive MRD (CR MRD+ ). (haematologica.org)
A simplified detection method for breakpoint identification was developed and the feasibility of patient -specific chromosomal break sites as molecular markers for detecting measurable residual disease (MRD) was explored. (bvsalud.org)

Risk factors for hyperemesis gravidarum include past history of the disease, hyperthyroidism, psychiatric illness, molar pregnancy, preexisting diabetes, multiple gestations, multiparity, increased body mass index, and high daily intake of saturated fat before pregnancy. (medscape.com)
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (vomiting of blood) is one of the most frequent causes of illness and death in the course of liver disease. (cochrane.org)
Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a severe, acute respiratory illness caused by the MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV). (msdmanuals.com)
The condition is described as "acute" because the episodes of illness are time-limited. (medlineplus.gov)
Approximately one-third of individuals with acute necrotizing encephalopathy type 1 do not survive their illness and subsequent neurological decline. (medlineplus.gov)

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of prone position ventilation in infants who develop postoperative acute lung injury after surgery for congenital heart disease. (springer.com)
This study will investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of prone position ventilation techniques in children who develop postoperative acute lung injury after surgery for congenital heart disease. (springer.com)

Physicians treating HIV-infected inpatients should be vigilant for neurological diseases. (bmj.com)

The aim of this survey was to establish the pain management approaches to acute painful crisis (APC) in sickle cell patients at two healthcare facilities and to compare with available guidelines. (uwi.edu)

Therapeutic options to reduce acute injury and to improve outcome from PM are severely limited. (biomedcentral.com)
Given the limited success in reducing brain damage during the acute disease, it appears imperative to expand the scope of strategies from the acute disease phase into the recovery phase with the aim to improve the outcome of brain injury. (biomedcentral.com)

Thus, studying the dynamics of CoP adjustments during quiet standing provides insights on the patient neuromuscular state and may assist in disease diagnosis and in the assessment of therapy outcomes. (frontiersin.org)
The process of getting a rare disease diagnosis can take several years. (nih.gov)

Archivos de Bronconeumologia is a scientific journal that preferentially publishes prospective original research articles whose content is based upon results dealing with several aspects of respiratory diseases such as epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinics, surgery, and basic investigation. (archbronconeumol.org)

In 2018, around 60.4 percent of inpatient cases for asthma treated at acute-care hospitals in the United States were female. (statista.com)

Methods Consecutive patients admitted to an acute HIV ward over a 3-month period underwent neurological assessment. (bmj.com)

Patients suffering from Parkinson's disease (PD) present motor impairments reflected in the dynamics of the center of pressure (CoP) adjustments during quiet standing. (frontiersin.org)

Liver disease that occurs during pregnancy can present a challenge for healthcare providers. (medscape.com)
People with liver disease frequently have haemostatic abnormalities such as hyperfibrinolysis. (cochrane.org)

Although remission rates are high after frontline chemotherapy in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), many patients in remission will have residual leukemic cells that may initiate relapse if not cleared sufficiently by further therapy. (haematologica.org)

Systemic steroids are indicated when disease fails to quickly respond to aminosalicylates. (medscape.com)

Also tell your doctor if you have a family history of celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), have unintentional weight loss, fever, abdominal cramping or decreased appetite. (gi.org)
Objectives To determine the value of abdominal radiography (AXR) for investigating patients attending hospital with a first episode of appendicitis (requiring appendicectomy), acute gallbladder disease or acute pancreatitis, and to identify if early (within 18 h) ultrasound or CT scanning reduces the use of AXR. (bmj.com)

Participants Audit of 355 patients (179 patients (50%) who underwent appendicectomy, 128 (36%) admitted with acute gallbladder disease and 48 (14%) with acute pancreatitis). (bmj.com)
Results AXR was performed in 53 patients (30%) who underwent appendicectomy, 73 (57%) with acute gallstone disease and 38 (78%) with acute pancreatitis. (bmj.com)

The results may help inform strategies to improve airway management after surgery for congenital heart disease. (springer.com)
Safety and efficacy evaluations of albuterol sulfate hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) inhalation aerosol in children younger than 2 years with acute wheezing caused by obstructive airway disease. (druglib.com)

While SARS did not infect large numbers of individuals in the United States, the possibility that it may reemerge raises concerns about the ability of public health officials and health care workers to prevent the spread of the disease in the United States. (gao.gov)
Specifically, GAO was asked to determine 1) infectious disease control measures practiced within health care and community settings that helped contain the spread of SARS and 2) the initiatives and challenges in preparing for a possible SARS resurgence. (gao.gov)

Anatomy1

Organisms6

Diseases6

Chemicals and Drugs2

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment5

Phenomena and Processes6

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Named Groups1

Health Care4

Geographicals2

Rational sequence of tests for pancreatic function. (1/20367)

Activation of alveolar macrophages in lung injury associated with experimental acute pancreatitis is mediated by the liver. (2/20367)

Enhanced Th1 and dampened Th2 responses synergize to inhibit acute granulomatous and fibrotic responses in murine schistosomiasis mansoni. (3/20367)

Delay in presentation of patients with acute stroke to hospital in Oxford. (4/20367)

Assessment of swallowing and referral to speech and language therapists in acute stroke. (5/20367)

Chlamydia pneumoniae and atherosclerosis. (6/20367)

Painful incarcerated hernia following a rugby union lineout. (7/20367)

T lymphocyte adhesion mechanisms within inflamed human kidney: studies with a Stamper-Woodruff assay. (8/20367)

Acute Disease

Lentiviruses, Bovine

Q Fever

Coxiella burnetii

Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine

Chronic Disease

Virulence

Horses

Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental

Antibodies, Viral

Disease Models, Animal

Virus Replication

Mice, Inbred BALB C

Molecular Sequence Data

T-Lymphocytes

Time Factors

Lymphocyte Activation

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Cytokines

Amino Acid Sequence

Mice, Inbred C57BL

Base Sequence

Rational sequence of tests for pancreatic function. (1/20367)

Activation of alveolar macrophages in lung injury associated with experimental acute pancreatitis is mediated by the liver. (2/20367)

Enhanced Th1 and dampened Th2 responses synergize to inhibit acute granulomatous and fibrotic responses in murine schistosomiasis mansoni. (3/20367)

Delay in presentation of patients with acute stroke to hospital in Oxford. (4/20367)

Assessment of swallowing and referral to speech and language therapists in acute stroke. (5/20367)

Chlamydia pneumoniae and atherosclerosis. (6/20367)

Painful incarcerated hernia following a rugby union lineout. (7/20367)

T lymphocyte adhesion mechanisms within inflamed human kidney: studies with a Stamper-Woodruff assay. (8/20367)

Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Acute pancreatitis

Acute respiratory distress syndrome

Acute myeloid leukemia

Acute esophageal necrosis

Acute oak decline

Acute fatty liver of pregnancy

Acute liver failure

Acute chest syndrome

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Acute (medicine)

Children's Acute Transport Service

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis

Acute intermittent porphyria

Acute flaccid myelitis

Acute radiation syndrome

Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia

Acute beryllium poisoning

Acute inhalation injury

International Severe Acute Respiratory and emerging Infection Consortium

Acute limb ischaemia

Mixed-phenotype acute leukemia

Acute tubular necrosis

Acute infectious thyroiditis

Acute HME syndrome

Acute pericarditis

Acute coronary syndrome

Acute retinal necrosis

Management of acute coronary syndrome

Acute cerebellar ataxia of childhood

Lymphoblastic leukemia4

Exacerbation8

Chronic29

Treatment of acute1

Syndromes1

Graft-vs-host15

Exacerbations2

Myocardial infarction2

Centers3

Watery Diarrhea1

Symptoms13

Outbreak6

Clinical7

Fatty Liver Disease2

Thrombolytic agents1

Mortality7

Recurrent1

Lead to acute1

Cases of acute1

Infection8