Acromioclavicular Joint
Dislocations
Clavicle
Visual Analog Scale
Shoulder Impingement Syndrome
Shoulder Joint
Shoulder Pain
Rotator Cuff
Scapula
Shoulder
Reconstructive Surgical Procedures
Orthopedic Procedures
Ligaments, Articular
Range of Motion, Articular
Diagnostic classification of shoulder disorders: interobserver agreement and determinants of disagreement. (1/85)
OBJECTIVES: To assess the interobserver agreement on the diagnostic classification of shoulder disorders, based on history taking and physical examination, and to identify the determinants of diagnostic disagreement. METHODS: Consecutive eligible patients with shoulder pain were recruited in various health care settings in the Netherlands. After history taking, two physiotherapists independently performed a physical examination and subsequently the shoulder complaints were classified into one of six diagnostic categories: capsular syndrome (for example, capsulitis, arthritis), acute bursitis, acromioclavicular syndrome, subacromial syndrome (for example, tendinitis, chronic bursitis), rest group (for example, unclear clinical picture, extrinsic causes) and mixed clinical picture. To quantify the interobserver agreement Cohen's kappa was calculated. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to determine which clinical characteristics were determinants of diagnostic disagreement. RESULTS: The study population consisted of 201 patients with varying severity and duration of complaints. The kappa for the classification of shoulder disorders was 0.45 (95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.37, 0.54). Diagnostic disagreement was associated with bilateral involvement (odds ratio (OR) 1.9; 95% CI 1.0, 3.7), chronic complaints (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.1, 3.7), and severe pain (OR 2.7; 95% CI 1.3, 5.3). CONCLUSIONS: Only moderate agreement was found on the classification of shoulder disorders, which implies that differentiation between the various categories of shoulder disorders is complicated. Especially patients with high pain severity, chronic complaints and bilateral involvement represent a diagnostic challenge for clinicians. As diagnostic classification is a guide for treatment decisions, unsatisfactory reproducibility might affect treatment outcome. To improve the reproducibility, more insight into the reproducibility of clinical findings and the value of additional diagnostic procedures is needed. (+info)Radiographic joint space in rheumatoid acromioclavicular joints: a 15 year prospective follow-up study in 74 patients. (2/85)
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate radiographically the acromioclavicular joint space in patients with long-term rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: A cohort of 74 patients with RA was followed prospectively for 15 yr. At the end point, 148 shoulders were radiographed with a standard method. The acromioclavicular (AC) joint space was examined from the radiographs with a method developed previously for population studies; the joint space was measured at its superior and inferior border, and the average of the two measurements, the integral space, calculated. RESULTS: Mean AC joint space in RA patients was 4.9 (S.D. 3.7), range 0-20.5 mm; 6.2 mm (S.D. 5.1) in men and 4.5 mm (S.D. 3. 0) in women. An AC joint space wider than 7 mm in men was found in 11 (31%) out of 36 joints and wider than 6 mm in women in 17 (15%) out of 112 joints. Joint space widening was associated (r=0.87, 95% CI 0.82-0.90) with increasing destruction (Larsen grading) of the joint and it seems to be an inevitable consequence of AC joint affection in RA. Joint space widening is more progressive on the caudal side because of the nature of the erosive destruction. Degeneration with joint space narrowing was observed in 8 (11%) patients (11 joints, 7%; three bilateral). CONCLUSIONS: The largest value of the joint space may be used when evaluating rheumatoid AC joint space. In RA patients, a joint space of >7 mm in men and >5 mm in women is a sign of destructive AC joint affection. (+info)Relation of glenohumeral and acromioclavicular joint destruction in rheumatoid shoulder. A 15 year follow up study. (3/85)
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the relation of glenohumeral (GH) and acromioclavicular (AC) joint involvement in a cohort of 74 patients with seropositive and erosive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) followed up prospectively. METHODS: At the 15 year follow up radiographs of 148 shoulders were evaluated, and the grade of destruction of GH and AC joints were assessed by the Larsen method. One GH joint arthroplasty had been performed after 13 years of the disease onset and the preoperative radiograph was evaluated. RESULTS: Erosive involvement (Larsen grade >/= 2) was observed in 96 of 148 (65%) of the shoulders. Both GH and AC joints were affected in 62 of 148 (42%) shoulders. GH joint alone was involved in nine (6%) shoulders and only AC joint was affected in 25 (17%) shoulders. AC joint destruction correlated with the GH joint destruction, r=0.74 (95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.65 to 0.80 ). CONCLUSION: In RA AC joint is affected more often than the GH joint, but in half of the patients both joints are involved. This should be remembered when treating painful rheumatoid shoulder. (+info)Arthroscopic Mumford procedure variation of technique. (4/85)
Fifty-seven patients had arthroscopic Mumford procedures for acromioclavicular pain non-responsive to conservative treatment. Thirty-nine of these patients had concomitant rotator cuff repairs. All had significant improvement of their distal clavicular pain. Neither the amount nor the completeness of distal clavicle resection affected the results. Arthroscopic distal clavicle resection is a safe and effective method of alleviating acromioclavicular pain. (+info)The relationship of age, gender, and degenerative changes observed on radiographs of the shoulder in asymptomatic individuals. (5/85)
Radiographs of the shoulders of 84 asymptomatic individuals aged between 40 and 83 years were evaluated to determine changes in 23 specific areas. Two fellowship-trained orthopaedic radiologists graded each area on a scale of 0 to II (normal 0, mild changes I, advanced changes II). Logistic regression analysis indicated age to be a significant predictor of change (p < 0.05) for sclerosis of the medial acromion and lateral clavicle, the presence of subchondral cysts in the acromion, formation of osteophytes at the inferior acromion and clavicle, and narrowing and degeneration of the acromioclavicular joint. Gender was not a significant predictor (p > 0.05) for radiological changes. Student's t-test determined significance (p < 0.05) between age and the presence of medial acromial and lateral clavicular sclerosis, subchondral acromial cysts, inferior acromial and clavicular osteophytes, and degeneration of the acromioclavicular joint. Radiological analysis in conditions such as subacromial impingement, pathology of the rotator cuff, and acromioclavicular degeneration should be interpreted in the context of the symptoms and normal age-related changes. (+info)Benefits and risks of using local anaesthetic for pain relief to allow early return to play in professional football. (6/85)
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the risks and benefits of the use of local anaesthetic in a descriptive case series from three professional football (rugby league and Australian football) teams. METHODS: Cases of local anaesthetic use (both injection and topical routes) and complications over a six year period were recorded. Complications were assessed using clinical presentation and also by recording all cases of surgery, incidences of players missing games or leaving the field through injury, and causes of player retirement. RESULTS: There were 268 injuries for which local anaesthetic was used to allow early return to play. There were 11 minor and six major complications, although none of these were catastrophic or career ending. About 10% of players taking the field did so with the assistance of local anaesthetic. This rate should be considered in isolation and not seen to reflect standard practice by team doctors. CONCLUSIONS: The use of local anaesthetic in professional football may reduce the rates of players missing matches through injury, but there is the risk of worsening the injury, which should be fully explained to players. A procedure should only be used when both the doctor and player consider that the benefits outweigh the risks. (+info)Coracoclavicular joint: osteologic study of 1020 human clavicles. (7/85)
We examined 1020 dry clavicles from cadavers of Italian origin to determine the prevalence of the coracoclavicular joint (ccj), a diarthrotic synovial joint occasionally present between the conoid tubercle of the clavicle and the superior surface of the horizontal part of the coracoid process. Five hundred and nine clavicles from individuals of different ages were submitted to X-ray examination. Using radiography, we measured the entire length and the index of sinuosity of the anterior lateral curve, on which the distance between the conoid tubercle and the coracoid process depends. We also used radiography to record the differences in prevalence of arthritis in two neighbouring joints, the acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joints. Of the 1020 clavicles, eight (0.8%) displayed the articular facet of the ccj. No statistical correlation was found between clavicular length and the index of sinuosity of the anterior lateral curve. The prevalence of arthritis in clavicles with ccj was higher than that revealed in clavicles without ccj. The prevalence of ccj in the studied clavicles is lower than that observed in Asian cohorts. Furthermore, ccj is not conditioned by either length or sinuosity of the anterior lateral curve of the clavicle. Finally, the assumption that ccj is a predisposing factor for degenerative changes of neighbouring joints is statistically justified. (+info)Diagnostic and therapeutic injection of the shoulder region. (8/85)
The shoulder is the site of multiple injuries and inflammatory conditions that lend themselves to diagnostic and therapeutic injection. Joint injection should be considered after other therapeutic interventions such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, physical therapy, and activity-modification have been tried. Indications for glenohumeral joint injection include osteoarthritis, adhesive capsulitis, and rheumatoid arthritis. For the acromioclavicular joint, injection may be used for diagnosis and treatment of osteoarthritis and distal clavicular osteolysis. Subacromial injections are useful for a range of conditions including adhesive capsulitis, subdeltoid bursitis, impingement syndrome, and rotator cuff tendinosis. Scapulothoracic injections are reserved for inflammation of the involved bursa. Persistent pain related to inflammatory conditions of the long head of the biceps responds well to injection in the region. The proper technique, choice and quantity of pharmaceuticals, and appropriate follow-up are essential for effective outcomes. (+info)The acromioclavicular (AC) joint is the joint located between the acromion process of the scapula (shoulder blade) and the clavicle (collarbone). It allows for a small amount of movement between these two bones and participates in shoulder motion. Injuries to this joint, such as AC joint separations or sprains, are common and can occur due to falls, direct blows, or repetitive motions that cause the ligaments that support the AC joint to become stretched or torn.
A dislocation is a condition in which a bone slips out of its normal position in a joint. This can happen as a result of trauma or injury, such as a fall or direct blow to the body. Dislocations can cause pain, swelling, and limited mobility in the affected area. In some cases, a dislocation may also damage surrounding tissues, such as ligaments, tendons, and nerves.
Dislocations are typically treated by reducing the dislocation, which means putting the bone back into its normal position. This is usually done with the help of medication to relieve pain and relaxation techniques to help the person stay still during the reduction. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to repair damaged tissues or if the dislocation cannot be reduced through other methods. After the dislocation has been reduced, the joint may be immobilized with a splint or sling to allow it to heal properly.
It is important to seek medical attention promptly if you suspect that you have a dislocation. If left untreated, a dislocation can lead to further complications, such as joint instability and chronic pain.
The clavicle, also known as the collarbone, is a long, slender bone that lies horizontally between the breastbone (sternum) and the shoulder blade (scapula). It is part of the shoulder girdle and plays a crucial role in supporting the upper limb. The clavicle has two ends: the medial end, which articulates with the sternum, and the lateral end, which articulates with the acromion process of the scapula. It is a common site of fracture due to its superficial location and susceptibility to direct trauma.
Shoulder dislocation is a medical condition where the head of the humerus (upper arm bone) gets displaced from its normal position in the glenoid fossa of the scapula (shoulder blade). This can occur anteriorly, posteriorly, or inferiorly, with anterior dislocations being the most common. It is usually caused by trauma or forceful movement and can result in pain, swelling, bruising, and limited range of motion in the shoulder joint. Immediate medical attention is required to relocate the joint and prevent further damage.
The acromion is a part of the shoulder blade (scapula). It is the bony process that forms the highest point of the shoulder and articulates with the clavicle (collarbone) to form the acromioclavicular joint. The acromion serves as an attachment site for several muscles and ligaments in the shoulder region.
A Visual Analog Scale (VAS) is a subjective measurement tool used to quantify and communicate the intensity or severity of various symptoms or experiences, such as pain, mood, or fatigue. It typically consists of a straight, horizontal line, 10 centimeters in length, with verbal anchors at each end that describe the extreme limits of the variable being measured (e.g., "no pain" and "worst possible pain"). Patients are asked to mark a point on the line that corresponds to their perceived intensity or severity of the symptom, and the distance from the "no pain" anchor to the patient's mark is then measured in centimeters to obtain a score between 0 and 100.
The VAS has been widely used in clinical research and practice due to its simplicity, ease of use, and ability to detect small but meaningful changes in symptom intensity over time. However, it should be noted that the interpretation of VAS scores may vary among individuals and populations, and additional validation studies are often necessary to establish the psychometric properties of this measurement tool in specific contexts.
Shoulder Impingement Syndrome is a common cause of shoulder pain, characterized by pinching or compression of the rotator cuff tendons and/or bursa between the humeral head and the acromion process of the scapula. This often results from abnormal contact between these structures due to various factors such as:
1. Bony abnormalities (e.g., bone spurs)
2. Tendon inflammation or thickening
3. Poor biomechanics during shoulder movements
4. Muscle imbalances and weakness, particularly in the rotator cuff and scapular stabilizers
5. Aging and degenerative changes
The syndrome is typically classified into two types: primary (or structural) impingement, which involves bony abnormalities; and secondary impingement, which is related to functional or muscular imbalances. Symptoms often include pain, especially during overhead activities, weakness, and limited range of motion in the shoulder. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of physical examination, patient history, and imaging studies such as X-rays or MRI scans. Treatment may involve activity modification, physical therapy, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroid injections, and, in some cases, surgical intervention.
The shoulder joint, also known as the glenohumeral joint, is the most mobile joint in the human body. It is a ball and socket synovial joint that connects the head of the humerus (upper arm bone) to the glenoid cavity of the scapula (shoulder blade). The shoulder joint allows for a wide range of movements including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, and external rotation. It is surrounded by a group of muscles and tendons known as the rotator cuff that provide stability and enable smooth movement of the joint.
Shoulder pain is a condition characterized by discomfort or hurt in the shoulder joint, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or surrounding structures. The shoulder is one of the most mobile joints in the body, and this mobility makes it prone to injury and pain. Shoulder pain can result from various causes, including overuse, trauma, degenerative conditions, or referred pain from other areas of the body.
The shoulder joint is a ball-and-socket joint made up of three bones: the humerus (upper arm bone), scapula (shoulder blade), and clavicle (collarbone). The rotator cuff, a group of four muscles that surround and stabilize the shoulder joint, can also be a source of pain if it becomes inflamed or torn.
Shoulder pain can range from mild to severe, and it may be accompanied by stiffness, swelling, bruising, weakness, numbness, tingling, or reduced mobility in the affected arm. The pain may worsen with movement, lifting objects, or performing certain activities, such as reaching overhead or behind the back.
Medical evaluation is necessary to determine the underlying cause of shoulder pain and develop an appropriate treatment plan. Treatment options may include rest, physical therapy, medication, injections, or surgery, depending on the severity and nature of the condition.
The rotator cuff is a group of four muscles and their tendons that attach to the shoulder blade (scapula) and help stabilize and move the shoulder joint. These muscles are the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis. The rotator cuff helps to keep the head of the humerus (upper arm bone) centered in the glenoid fossa (shoulder socket), providing stability during shoulder movements. It also allows for rotation and elevation of the arm. Rotator cuff injuries or conditions, such as tears or tendinitis, can cause pain and limit shoulder function.
The scapula, also known as the shoulder blade, is a flat, triangular bone located in the upper back region of the human body. It serves as the site of attachment for various muscles that are involved in movements of the shoulder joint and arm. The scapula has several important features:
1. Three borders (anterior, lateral, and medial)
2. Three angles (superior, inferior, and lateral)
3. Spine of the scapula - a long, horizontal ridge that divides the scapula into two parts: supraspinous fossa (above the spine) and infraspinous fossa (below the spine)
4. Glenoid cavity - a shallow, concave surface on the lateral border that articulates with the humerus to form the shoulder joint
5. Acromion process - a bony projection at the top of the scapula that forms part of the shoulder joint and serves as an attachment point for muscles and ligaments
6. Coracoid process - a hook-like bony projection extending from the anterior border, which provides attachment for muscles and ligaments
Understanding the anatomy and function of the scapula is essential in diagnosing and treating various shoulder and upper back conditions.
In anatomical terms, the shoulder refers to the complex joint of the human body that connects the upper limb to the trunk. It is formed by the union of three bones: the clavicle (collarbone), scapula (shoulder blade), and humerus (upper arm bone). The shoulder joint is a ball-and-socket type of synovial joint, allowing for a wide range of movements such as flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, and external rotation.
The shoulder complex includes not only the glenohumeral joint but also other structures that contribute to its movement and stability, including:
1. The acromioclavicular (AC) joint: where the clavicle meets the acromion process of the scapula.
2. The coracoclavicular (CC) ligament: connects the coracoid process of the scapula to the clavicle, providing additional stability to the AC joint.
3. The rotator cuff: a group of four muscles (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis) that surround and reinforce the shoulder joint, contributing to its stability and range of motion.
4. The biceps tendon: originates from the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula and passes through the shoulder joint, helping with flexion, supination, and stability.
5. Various ligaments and capsular structures that provide additional support and limit excessive movement in the shoulder joint.
The shoulder is a remarkable joint due to its wide range of motion, but this also makes it susceptible to injuries and disorders such as dislocations, subluxations, sprains, strains, tendinitis, bursitis, and degenerative conditions like osteoarthritis. Proper care, exercise, and maintenance are essential for maintaining shoulder health and function throughout one's life.
Reconstructive surgical procedures are a type of surgery aimed at restoring the form and function of body parts that are defective or damaged due to various reasons such as congenital abnormalities, trauma, infection, tumors, or disease. These procedures can involve the transfer of tissue from one part of the body to another, manipulation of bones, muscles, and tendons, or use of prosthetic materials to reconstruct the affected area. The goal is to improve both the physical appearance and functionality of the body part, thereby enhancing the patient's quality of life. Examples include breast reconstruction after mastectomy, cleft lip and palate repair, and treatment of severe burns.
Orthopedic procedures are surgical or nonsurgical methods used to treat musculoskeletal conditions, including injuries, deformities, or diseases of the bones, joints, muscles, ligaments, and tendons. These procedures can range from simple splinting or casting to complex surgeries such as joint replacements, spinal fusions, or osteotomies (cutting and repositioning bones). The primary goal of orthopedic procedures is to restore function, reduce pain, and improve the quality of life for patients.
Articular ligaments, also known as fibrous ligaments, are bands of dense, fibrous connective tissue that connect and stabilize bones to each other at joints. They help to limit the range of motion of a joint and provide support, preventing excessive movement that could cause injury. Articular ligaments are composed mainly of collagen fibers arranged in a parallel pattern, making them strong and flexible. They have limited blood supply and few nerve endings, which makes them less prone to injury but also slower to heal if damaged. Examples of articular ligaments include the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) in the knee joint, and the medial collateral ligament (MCL) and lateral collateral ligament (LCL) in the elbow joint.
Articular Range of Motion (AROM) is a term used in physiotherapy and orthopedics to describe the amount of movement available in a joint, measured in degrees of a circle. It refers to the range through which synovial joints can actively move without causing pain or injury. AROM is assessed by measuring the degree of motion achieved by active muscle contraction, as opposed to passive range of motion (PROM), where the movement is generated by an external force.
Assessment of AROM is important in evaluating a patient's functional ability and progress, planning treatment interventions, and determining return to normal activities or sports participation. It is also used to identify any restrictions in joint mobility that may be due to injury, disease, or surgery, and to monitor the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs.
A joint is the location at which two or more bones make contact. They are constructed to allow movement and provide support and stability to the body during motion. Joints can be classified in several ways, including structure, function, and the type of tissue that forms them. The three main types of joints based on structure are fibrous (or fixed), cartilaginous, and synovial (or diarthrosis). Fibrous joints do not have a cavity and have limited movement, while cartilaginous joints allow for some movement and are connected by cartilage. Synovial joints, the most common and most movable type, have a space between the articular surfaces containing synovial fluid, which reduces friction and wear. Examples of synovial joints include hinge, pivot, ball-and-socket, saddle, and condyloid joints.
Acromioclavicular joint
Acromioclavicular ligament
Separated shoulder
Coracoacromial ligament
Axillary joints
Dermatome (anatomy)
Coracoclavicular ligament
Matt Lawton
Shoulder impingement syndrome
Beastie Boys
Eri Marina Yo
Shoulder examination
Acromion
Rear delt raise
Peter Zanca
Lesser tubercle
Anatomical neck of humerus
Meniscus (anatomy)
Subacromial bursitis
Ganglion cyst
Hawkins-Kennedy test
Humerus
Weaver-Dunn procedure
Clavicular facet of scapula
Shoulder surgery
Clavicle fracture
Cyst
Shoulder replacement
Juron Criner
Shun Sato (figure skater)
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Injuries30
- Injuries in and around the shoulder, including acromioclavicular joint injuries, occur most commonly in active or athletic young adults. (medscape.com)
- [ 1 ] However, pediatric acromioclavicular injuries have also increased owing to the rising popularity of dangerous summer and winter sporting activities. (medscape.com)
- Acromioclavicular joint injuries are often seen after bicycle wrecks, contact sports, and car accidents. (medscape.com)
- Acromioclavicular joint separation injuries are usually easy to diagnose based on symptoms and how the injury took place. (iinn.com)
- A physical exam will allow physicians to view external factors and x-rays may also be used to confirm an AC joint separation, ensuring fractures or other injuries are not present. (iinn.com)
- In severe AC joint separation injuries, surgery may be required. (iinn.com)
- Although it is not an acromioclavicular joint-stabilizing structure, during operative repair of type III acromioclavicular injuries, the coracoacromial ligament may be resected from its acromial insertion and used to reconstruct the torn coracoclavicular ligament. (medscape.com)
- See Pathophysiology [intratopic link] for the classification of acromioclavicular injuries. (medscape.com)
- Evaluation and treatment of acromioclavicular joint injuries. (steroidinjectionslondon.co.uk)
- Superior-inferior stability is maintained by the coracoclavicular (conoid and trapezoid) ligaments.Type-I or type-II acromioclavicular joint injuries have been treated with sling immobilization, early shoulder motion, and physical therapy, with favorable outcomes. (tigerortho.com)
- Mild injuries may appear normal on imaging but have symptoms such as pain directly over the joint. (premierortho.org)
- Acromioclavicular joint dislocations represent about 10 percent of all dislocation injuries to the shoulder girdle. (aafp.org)
- Acromioclavicular joint injuries are also known as shoulder separations, acromioclavicular joint separation or acromioclavicular joint dislocation and occur as a result of downward force on the acromion. (boneandspine.com)
- Acromioclavicular joint injuries occur most commonly in sporting activities. (boneandspine.com)
- Acromioclavicular joint injuries are seen especially in competitive athletes[ rugby or hockey players] and occur most frequently in the second decade of life. (boneandspine.com)
- All acromioclavicular injuries from stage III onwards are double disruptions. (boneandspine.com)
- Classification of Acromioclavicular injuries: Case courtesy of Dr Roberto Schubert, Radiopaedia.org . (boneandspine.com)
- Acromioclavicular joint (AC) injuries are associated with damage to the joint and surrounding structures. (iem-student.org)
- Acromioclavicular joint injuries occur at all ages, but are most common in the 20-40 year age group , 5x times more common in men than women. (iem-student.org)
- Imaging can be used to classify acromioclavicular injuries and is the most widely used Rockwood classification. (iem-student.org)
- Learn about common joint injuries and the best ways to prevent them. (medibank.com.au)
- S​ome joint injuries require more intervention and even surgery. (medibank.com.au)
- Fortunately, there are plenty of precautions you can take to keep your joints healthy and to prevent sports injuries. (medibank.com.au)
- What are some common joint injuries? (medibank.com.au)
- Common joint injuries are sprains (stretched or torn ligaments) and strains (stretched or torn muscles or tendons). (medibank.com.au)
- Acromioclavicular joint (AC joint) dislocation or shoulder separation is one of the most common injuries of the upper arm. (stlosm.com)
- Injuries to the acromioclavicular joint usually result in pain and instability. (pitt.edu)
- This mobility makes the shoulder joint very vulnerable to injuries. (healthline.com)
- Dislocations are joint injuries that force the ends of your bones out of position. (medlineplus.gov)
- Keep in mind that suffering from these symptoms does not automatically mean that you have OA Other rheumatic diseases, injuries or joint overuse can produce similar symptoms. (lu.se)
Coracoclavicular ligament6
- The superior shoulder suspensory complex (SSSC) is a bony and soft-tissue ring composed of the glenoid process, the coracoid process, the coracoclavicular ligament, the distal clavicle, the acromioclavicular joint, and the acromial process at the end of a superior bony strut (the midshaft clavicle) and an inferior bony strut (the junction of the lateral scapular body and the medial glenoid neck). (medscape.com)
- The acromioclavicular ligament is slightly torn, but there is no damage to the coracoclavicular ligament. (okthrowingathlete.com)
- Type 2: The acromioclavicular ligament is totally torn, but there is a slight or no tear to the coracoclavicular ligament. (okthrowingathlete.com)
- Acromioclavicular ligament and coracoclavicular ligament are the primary static stabilizers of the acromioclavicular joint. (boneandspine.com)
- The degree of damage to the acromioclavicular ligaments and coracoclavicular ligament with resultant displacement of the clavicle relative to the acromion is the primary criterion for the classification of AC separations. (boneandspine.com)
- Grade 5: 2) of Acromioclavicular joint dislocations, 5 patients were treated by palmaris longus autograft for the coracoclavicular ligament repair and 5 were treated by clavicular hook plate patients were followed up till 1 year postoperatively. (researchbib.com)
Provided by the acromioclavicular ligaments1
- The horizontal, anteroposterior stability is provided by the acromioclavicular ligaments. (boneandspine.com)
Anatomy2
- Acromioclavicular joint anatomy. (medscape.com)
- noun anatomy A joint at the top of the shoulder , the junction between the acromion and the clavicle . (wordnik.com)
Dislocation of the Acromioclavicular Joint1
- Evidence Central , evidence.unboundmedicine.com/evidence/view/EBMG/451861/all/Dislocation_of_the_acromioclavicular_joint. (unboundmedicine.com)
Diagnosis6
- The diagnosis, prognosis and management of acromioclavicular joint instability remain a point of debate with over 60 types of stabilization procedure described in the published literature. (edu.au)
- A diagnosis for AC joint osteoarthritis can generally be made by taking a detailed history and undertaking a series of tests. (steroidinjectionslondon.co.uk)
- If necessary, your doctor will order certain imaging tests such as X-ray, MRI, CT scan, or ultrasound for a detailed evaluation of the joint and surrounding soft tissue structures to confirm the diagnosis. (okthrowingathlete.com)
- Diagnosis of AC joint osteoarthritis includes a review of your symptoms and medical history. (michaelalaiamd.com)
- Diagnosis of AC joint osteoarthritis is usually made by physical examination. (shoulderandelbowspecialist.co.uk)
- Seeking medical care and getting the right diagnosis on time to be able to commence first-line treatment, increases the chances of living an active life with less pain and increased joint mobility. (lu.se)
Disrupting the acromioclavicular ligaments1
- Type II sprains are seen when a heavier force is applied to the shoulder, disrupting the acromioclavicular ligaments but leaving the coracoclavicular ligaments intact. (orthopaedicsplus.in)
Separations4
- Torn ligaments lead to acromioclavicular joint sprains and separations. (medscape.com)
- Treatment of acromioclavicular separations has been a subject of debate. (medscape.com)
- Rest, ice, and anti-inflammatory medications are usually effective in treating acromioclavicular joint separations. (iinn.com)
- This video discusses the surgical considerations when planning treatment strategies for acromioclavicular joint separations. (orthopedia.com)
Dislocations7
- Acromioclavicular joint dislocations are graded from I to VI. (wikipedia.org)
- Dislocations of the sternoclavicular joint are infrequent and often missed. (aafp.org)
- Forty percent of all dislocations occur at the glenohumeral joint. (aafp.org)
- Dislocations of the sternoclavicular joint are infrequent, occurring most often in patients under 25 years of age. (aafp.org)
- Acromioclavicular joint dislocations usually result from a fall on an outstretched arm in patients who are 15 to 40 years of age. (aafp.org)
- Therefore, the thesis objective was to evaluate the function of the intact and injured acromioclavicular joint during combined loading to provide guidelines for the development of rehabilitation protocols and reconstructions for complete dislocations.A robotic/universal force-moment sensor testing system was utilized to apply an external load in combination with joint compression to intact and injured joint. (pitt.edu)
- However, shoulder surgery is also an option to repair joints, rotator cuffs, or dislocations, to name a few. (healthline.com)
Capsule10
- When the Pectoralis minor is inserted, as occasionally is the case, into the capsule of the shoulder-joint instead of into the coracoid process, it passes between these two bands, and the intervening portion of the ligament is then deficient. (wikipedia.org)
- The acromioclavicular joint is surrounded by a thin joint capsule and 4 small ligaments. (orthopaedicsplus.in)
- It is a stable joint with minimal movement and is secured by the joint capsule and ligaments. (steroidinjectionslondon.co.uk)
- The stability of the shoulder joint relies heavily on the soft tissues around the bone, including muscles, tendons, capsule, and labrum, that keep the arm centered with the shoulder blade. (premierortho.org)
- The AC joint is supported and stabilized by the capsule of the joint and two ligaments known as the coracoclavicular ligaments that attach the collarbone with the front portion of the shoulder blade (coracoid process). (okthrowingathlete.com)
- The joint is enclosed by a capsule and supported by ligaments. (toddparrymd.com)
- The joint is stabilized by various ligaments and a capsule, which can cause pain and affect normal joint function if damaged. (michaelcusickmd.com)
- The acromioclavicular joint has a thin capsule stabilized by ligaments and by attachment of the fibers of the deltoid and trapezius muscles. (boneandspine.com)
- The capsule surrounding the acromioclavicular joint is strengthened by the acromioclavicular ligaments. (iem-student.org)
- The AC joint is an encapsulated diarthrodial joint held together by its joint capsule and the coracoclavicular ligaments: the trapezoid and conoid ligaments. (medscape.com)
Glenohumeral joint5
- This is not the same as a "shoulder dislocation," which refers to dislocation of the glenohumeral joint. (wikipedia.org)
- It articulates with the head of the humerus, forming the glenohumeral joint, which serves as the main joint of the shoulder. (medscape.com)
- The glenohumeral joint is the main articulation of the shoulder joint. (medscape.com)
- Although the labrum increases the depth and volume of the glenoid cavity, it does not seem to increase the stability of the glenohumeral joint. (medscape.com)
- The largest peak distraction, compression, and anterior-posterior shear forces acting at the glenohumeral joint were 1375 N, 856 N, and 619 N, respectively, during uphill pushing task on 10 degrees ramped walkway at 40 kg weight condition. (cdc.gov)
Normal acromioclavicular joint2
- This information provides a foundation for understanding normal acromioclavicular joint motion as a basis for further investigation of pathology and rehabilitation approaches. (umn.edu)
- The normal acromioclavicular joint space of 3 to 8 mm varies no more than 2 to 3 mm between the two joints in an individual. (aafp.org)
Superior acromioc2
- Superior Acromioclavicular Ligament This ligament is a quadrilateral band, covering the superior part of the articulation, and extending between the upper part of the lateral end of the clavicle and the adjoining part of the upper surface of the acromion. (wikipedia.org)
- On some they are separated by a meniscus attached to the superior acromioclavicular ligament. (wikipedia.org)
Disruption2
- Acromioclavicular (AC) joint dislocation is also referred to as acromioclavicular joint separation, subluxation, or disruption. (okthrowingathlete.com)
- As the joint is transversely oriented, downward forces may cause disruption of the stabilizing structures [acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular ligaments]. (boneandspine.com)
Sprains7
- Torn acromioclavicular joint ligaments and/or torn coracoclavicular ligaments are seen in acromioclavicular joint sprains. (medscape.com)
- The meniscus that lies in the joint may also be injured during sprains or fractures around the acromioclavicular joint. (medscape.com)
- In type III sprains, the force completely disrupts the acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular ligaments. (orthopaedicsplus.in)
- Acromioclavicular joint sprains are common, usually resulting from a fall on the shoulder or, less often, an outstretched arm. (msdmanuals.com)
- Severe sprains tear the acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular ligaments. (msdmanuals.com)
- Treatment of acromioclavicular joint sprains is usually immobilization (eg, with a sling) and early range-of-motion exercises. (msdmanuals.com)
- A shoulder brace reinforcing the AC ligaments can slightly help to prevent injury but the very nature of the sport makes effective prevention very difficult as AC joint sprains are most likely to occur through tackles which cannot be avoided. (sportscoverdirect.com)
Separation16
- A common injury to the AC joint is dislocation, often called AC separation or shoulder separation. (wikipedia.org)
- Acromioclavicular joint separation is an injury to the "AC" joint that occurs when the clavicle (collarbone) separates from the scapula (shoulder bone). (iinn.com)
- AC joint separation usually happens after a fall on the "point" of the shoulder or from a hard, direct impact. (iinn.com)
- Traumatic injury is almost always the cause of an AC joint separation. (iinn.com)
- Direct blows to the shoulder from football, hockey, skiing, or gymnastics are also likely to result in AC joint separation. (iinn.com)
- Also called a shoulder separation, an acromioclavicular joint separation is where the clavicle is traumatically pulled away from the highest point of the shoulder blade, called the acromion. (premierortho.org)
- Most cases of AC joint separation can be treated well without surgery. (premierortho.org)
- Complications of AC joint separation may include arthritis or joint instability. (premierortho.org)
- AC joint dislocation is the separation of the collar bone or clavicle from the acromion (the top portion of the shoulder blade or scapula at the outer edge of the shoulder) due to severe trauma or injury. (okthrowingathlete.com)
- They have superior and inferior components and resist separation of the joint in the horizontal direction. (toddparrymd.com)
- An injury to the AC joint, particularly the ligaments, can result in instability or separation of the AC joint (shoulder separation) causing pain and discomfort and limiting shoulder function. (toddparrymd.com)
- In cases of a severe separation of the AC joint, your surgeon may perform a surgical repair or use a tissue graft to reconstruct the damaged ligaments. (toddparrymd.com)
- AC joint osteoarthritis may also develop following an injury to the joint, such as an AC joint separation. (shoulderandelbowspecialist.co.uk)
- It involves separation of the AC joint and injury to the ligaments that support the joint. (stlosm.com)
- In the most severe shoulder separation injury, both the AC and CC ligaments get torn and the AC joint is completely out of its position. (stlosm.com)
- Also known as shoulder separation and refers to the damage of the AC joint ligament situated at outer side of the collar bone where it is attached to the front of the shoulder blade. (sportscoverdirect.com)
Sternoclavicular joint7
- Direct trauma to the shoulder transmits forces through the clavicle to the sternoclavicular joint. (aafp.org)
- The acromioclavicular joint, together with the sternoclavicular joint, connects the upper limb to the skeleton. (iem-student.org)
- The clavicle has 2 articulations, the sternoclavicular joint and the acromioclavicular joint. (medscape.com)
- The sternoclavicular joint is formed by the medial aspect of the clavicle articulating with the manubrium of the sternum. (medscape.com)
- The sternoclavicular joint is the sole connection between the axial skeleton and the upper extremity. (medscape.com)
- The sternoclavicular joint allows 30-35 º of upward elevation, 35 º of anteroposterior movement, and 44-50 º of rotation about the long axis of the clavicle. (medscape.com)
- The peak forces at the sternoclavicular joint were found to be relatively small ( (cdc.gov)
Scapula12
- The joint is stabilized by three ligaments: The acromioclavicular ligament, which attaches the clavicle to the acromion of the scapula. (wikipedia.org)
- This joint functions as a pivot point (although technically it is a gliding synovial joint), acting like a strut to help with movement of the scapula resulting in a greater degree of arm rotation. (wikipedia.org)
- The 2 coracoclavicular ligaments (the conoid and the trapezoid ligaments) are found medial to the acromioclavicular joint and attach from the coracoid process on the scapula to the inferior surface of the distal clavicle. (medscape.com)
- Fish eye OBJECTIVES: To determine the 3-dimensional motions occurring between the scapula relative to the clavicle at the acromioclavicular joint during humeral elevation in the scapular plane. (umn.edu)
- The acromioclavicular ligament , which attaches the clavicle to the acromion of the scapula . (pointcoperni310.sbs)
- These ligaments are called the coracoclavicular ligaments, which are found medial to the acromioclavicular joint and go from the coracoid process on the scapula to the clavicle. (orthopaedicsplus.in)
- The shoulder joint is made up of a ball and socket joint, where the head of the humerus (upper arm bone) articulates with the socket of the scapula (shoulder blade), which is called the glenoid. (michaelalaiamd.com)
- Symptoms generally include pain or tenderness in the joint that occurs at the top and front of the shoulder where the clavicle and scapula meet, pain with certain motions, swelling, and stiffness due to a limitation of motion of a joint or inactivity. (matthewgotlinmd.com)
- Coracoclavicular ligaments are medial to the joint and extend from the inferior surface of the clavicle to the base of the coracoid process of the scapula. (boneandspine.com)
- The acromioclavicular joint may appear to be widened [due to medial rotation of the scapula and posterior displacement of the clavicle by the pull of the trapezius muscle]. (boneandspine.com)
- This leaves a space between the acromion (the piece of the scapula that meets your shoulder) and the cut end of the clavicle, where the joint used to be. (shoulderandelbowspecialist.co.uk)
- The acromioclavicular (AC) joint is the only articulation between the clavicle and scapula. (medscape.com)
Stability9
- The acromioclavicular capsular ligaments provide most of the joint stability in the anteroposterior (AP) direction. (medscape.com)
- These ligaments provide vertical (superior-inferior) stability to the joint (see the following image). (medscape.com)
- These ligaments mostly give joint stability to anterior and posterior translation, as well as provide horizontal stability to the joint. (orthopaedicsplus.in)
- Another set of ligaments also provides vertical stability to the acromioclavicular joint. (orthopaedicsplus.in)
- The conoid and trapezoid ligaments aid in providing superior-inferior stability to the joint. (orthopaedicsplus.in)
- Your doctor will review your symptoms and medical history and perform a thorough physical examination to check for range of motion, stability, and strength of the joint. (okthrowingathlete.com)
- Tendons and ligaments around the shoulder joint provide strength and stability to the joint. (michaelalaiamd.com)
- A thorough physical examination is performed to check for a range of motion, blood flow, stability, and strength of the joint. (michaelcusickmd.com)
- The joints are acromioclavicular ligaments that provide horizontal stability. (iem-student.org)
Glenoid1
- It is the multiaxial ball-and-socket synovial joint formed by the articular surfaces of the glenoid cavity and the head of the humerus. (medscape.com)
Reconstruction6
- What is Acromioclavicular Joint Reconstruction? (toddparrymd.com)
- Anatomic reconstruction of the AC joint helps ensures static and safe fixation with stable joint function. (toddparrymd.com)
- The novel reconstruction technique that has been designed to reconstruct the AC joint in an anatomic manner is known as anatomic reconstruction. (stlosm.com)
- Anatomic reconstruction of the AC joint ensures static and safe fixation and stable joint functions. (stlosm.com)
- Consequently, the individual properties of the tendon graft used during reconstruction had more comparable results to the intact coracoclavicular ligaments than current surgical techniques.The evaluation of the intact and injured joint during a combination of loading conditions provided guidelines for the development of an anatomic reconstruction. (pitt.edu)
- Both studies provide insight on functional changes of the intact acromioclavicular joint following injury and reconstruction. (pitt.edu)
Upper limb1
- The AC joint assists in raising your arms forwards and to the side, as well as transferring weight from your upper limb to the clavicle. (steroidinjectionslondon.co.uk)
Posterior2
- The joint is horizontally and vertically stabilized in anterior and posterior translation by a combination of dynamic muscular and static ligamentous structures, which allow a normal anatomic range of motion. (medscape.com)
- Acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular ligaments disrupted with inferior dislocation of the distal clavicle inferior to the coracoid process and posterior to the biceps and coracobrachialis tendons. (eorif.com)
Instability2
- This is a sure sign that we are yet to solve the problem of AC joint instability. (edu.au)
- In this chapter, we describe the pathoanatomy of AC joint instability using historical articles and classification systems and use these to outline a progressive concept of AC joint instability that will further the reader's understanding of the problem and how to solve it. (edu.au)
Cartilage12
- Injury to the acromioclavicular joint may injure the cartilage within the joint and can later cause arthritis of the acromioclavicular joint. (medscape.com)
- The acromioclavicular joint is a diarthrodial articulation with an interposed fibrocartilaginous meniscal disk that links the hyaline cartilage articular surfaces of the acromial process and the clavicle. (medscape.com)
- Acromioclavicular joint osteoarthritis involves degenerative changes to the cartilage and can become inflamed. (steroidinjectionslondon.co.uk)
- AC joint osteoarthritis affects the tissue covering the ends of bones (cartilage) in the AC joint of the shoulder. (michaelalaiamd.com)
- The cartilage becomes damaged and worn out causing pain, swelling, stiffness and restricted movement in the AC joint. (michaelalaiamd.com)
- The joint is lined by cartilage that gradually wears with age as well as with repeated overhead or shoulder level activities such as basketball. (matthewgotlinmd.com)
- AC arthritis is caused by the wearing out of the cartilage covering the bone ends in a joint. (matthewgotlinmd.com)
- Other tests your doctor may order include X-rays, MRI scans which may reveal cartilage destruction and abnormal fluid accumulation within the joint, and bone scan or ultrasound of the joint. (matthewgotlinmd.com)
- Degeneration causes the cartilage that cushions the joint to wear out. (shoulderandelbowspecialist.co.uk)
- A strong tissue called cartilage protects the bones in our joints. (medibank.com.au)
- The knee joint is held in place by a piece of cartilage called the meniscus. (medibank.com.au)
- A SLAP tear is an injury to the ring of cartilage surrounding the socket of your shoulder joint. (healthline.com)
Meniscus3
- This meniscus may be a blade of fibrocartilage that extends nearly halfway into the joint or it may form a complete disc that divides the joint into two parts. (wikipedia.org)
- The acromioclavicular joint is made up of 2 bones (the clavicle and the acromion), 4 ligaments, and a meniscus inside the joint. (medscape.com)
- A meniscus, complete or incomplete is present in the joint. (boneandspine.com)
Tenderness3
- Tenderness/swelling isolated to AC joint, no palpable displacement of joint, minimal pain with arm ROM. (eorif.com)
- Patients have pain and tenderness at the acromioclavicular joint. (msdmanuals.com)
- In its early stages, AC joint osteoarthritis usually causes pain and tenderness in the front of the shoulder around the joint. (shoulderandelbowspecialist.co.uk)
Ligaments intact1
- Strain of acromioclavicular ligaments, ligaments intact, AC joint stable. (eorif.com)
Sprain1
- The injury simply results in a sprain, which hurts, but the shoulder does not show any gross evidence of an acromioclavicular joint dislocation. (orthopaedicsplus.in)
Distal clavicle2
- It usually involves removal of less than one centimeter of bone from the end of the collarbone (distal clavicle resection) to prevent the bones in the joint from rubbing against each other. (matthewgotlinmd.com)
- These findings suggest common surgical techniques such as distal clavicle resection, which remove painful joint contact, may cause loads to be supported by other structures and be transmitted over a smaller area due to the increased coupled motion and joint contact. (pitt.edu)
Bones5
- They may be performed in a minimally invasive fashion using cameras, called arthroscopy, or in an open manner where the surgeon will make an incision over the joint, then move the bones to a better position and apply sutures or hardware. (premierortho.org)
- A dislocation occurs when the ends of your bones are partially or completely moved out of their normal position in a joint. (okthrowingathlete.com)
- specifically disturbance or disarrangement of the normal relation of the bones entering into the formation of a joint. (itheraputix.com)
- A safe and active lifestyle is dependent on strong muscles, bones, and joints. (jointhealthmagazine.com)
- If these options are not effective, shoulder surgery may be considered to repair or replace joints, bones, or tendons in the shoulder area. (healthline.com)
Articulation1
- It does not properly belong to the acromioclavicular joint articulation, but is usually described with it, since it forms a most efficient means of retaining the clavicle in contact with the acromion. (wikipedia.org)
Displacement1
- Grade I is slight displacement of the joint, and a badly stretched or partially torn AC ligament. (wikipedia.org)
Structures1
- Subacromial bursa can be thoroughly assessed in DL sequences, while the other structures of the shoulder joint can be assessed in conventional and DL sequences with a good agreement between sequences. (springer.com)
Collarbone5
- AC joint dislocation usually occurs as a result of a direct fall on to the top of the shoulder which causes the shoulder blade to be forced downwards and the collarbone to pop up. (okthrowingathlete.com)
- The acromioclavicular or AC joint is where the acromion or highest point of the shoulder blade, and the clavicle or collarbone join. (michaelalaiamd.com)
- The AC joint is located at the highest point of the shoulder, where the acromion, a bony projection on the shoulder blade, connects to the clavicle or collarbone. (michaelcusickmd.com)
- The AC joint connects the collarbone to the point of the shoulder. (medibank.com.au)
- The AC joint forms where the clavicle (collarbone) meets the shoulder blade (acromion). (stlosm.com)
Torn4
- In more complex issues with multiple ligaments torn around the joint, the clavicle will appear higher, and the shoulder will pull down due to the arm's weight. (premierortho.org)
- Several ligaments surround this joint and, depending on the severity of the injury, one or all of the ligaments may be torn. (msdmanuals.com)
- Both the acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular ligaments are totally torn. (okthrowingathlete.com)
- A torn ligament is a common knee joint injury. (medibank.com.au)
Arthritis7
- Osteoarthritis also called degenerative joint disease, is the most common form of arthritis. (michaelalaiamd.com)
- What is AC or Acromioclavicular Arthritis? (matthewgotlinmd.com)
- The condition is referred to as AC arthritis or acromioclavicular arthritis. (matthewgotlinmd.com)
- Joint pain caused by arthritis can be debilitating because it interferes to your everyday routines and tasks. (jointhealthmagazine.com)
- Joint pain can happen to anyone, and the leading cause of joint pain is arthritis. (jointhealthmagazine.com)
- Joint pain or arthritis is often described as a burning sensation in your joints, and it affects millions of people globally[1]. (jointhealthmagazine.com)
- Total shoulder replacement might be needed in cases of severe arthritis or a fractured shoulder joint. (healthline.com)
Capsular1
- Capsular ligaments: These ligaments are called the acromioclavicular ligaments. (michaelcusickmd.com)
Bone5
- Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - American. (tigerortho.com)
- Some would describe this joint as a ball and socket joint, but, it is more like a ball sitting on a golf tee, meaning that there is a tiny surface area of bone contact. (premierortho.org)
- X-rays can show narrowing of the joint and bone spurs around the joint, which are signs of degeneration. (shoulderandelbowspecialist.co.uk)
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers optimal bone and soft tissue contrast and is hence the preferred modality for the assessment of the shoulder joint [ 1 , 2 ]. (springer.com)
- The specific type of shoulder replacement will depend on your injury, the quality of your bone and joint, and what your surgeon believes is best for your health needs. (healthline.com)
Symptoms7
- Pain, swelling, and weakness in the joint and arm are usually symptoms. (iinn.com)
- However, depending on which joint is affected, these symptoms may vary. (lu.se)
- Listed below are the most common symptoms of OA in different joints. (lu.se)
- Experiencing stiffness or pain in one or more joints, especially after applying pressure to the joint, may be symptoms of OA. (lu.se)
- Below you can read about the signs and symptoms that characterize OA in different joints. (lu.se)
- Symptoms include knee stiffness in the morning and pain that occurs when you apply pressure to the knee joint. (lu.se)
- Common symptoms of OA of the fingers include finger stiffness and hard lumps filled with synovial fluid appearing on the affected finger joints. (lu.se)
Diarthrodial1
- The acromioclavicular joint is part of the shoulder girdle and is diarthrodial joint between the acromion process and lateral end of the clavicle. (boneandspine.com)
Surgery4
- Conservative treatment is usually effective, but in cases of a severely unstable joint, surgery is required. (okthrowingathlete.com)
- AC Joint replacement surgery is considered an option when the pain is so severe that it affects your ability to carry out normal activities. (michaelalaiamd.com)
- In this surgery, the damaged articulating parts of the shoulder joint are removed and replaced with artificial prostheses. (michaelalaiamd.com)
- The surgery involves taking out any damaged areas of the shoulder joint and replacing them with artificial parts. (healthline.com)
Deltoid2
- Acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular ligaments disrupted, deltoid and trapezius insertions disrupted. (eorif.com)
- The deltoid muscle on the outside of the shoulder and the trapezius muscle in the upper back and neck also help stabilize the acromioclavicular joint. (toddparrymd.com)
Stabilize1
- The most common cause of AC joint dislocation is a fall onto the shoulder which injures the surrounding ligaments that stabilize the joint. (okthrowingathlete.com)
Strain2
- This may be due to excessive strain over prolonged periods of time, or due to other joint diseases, injury or deformity. (matthewgotlinmd.com)
- The resulting strain makes AC joint osteoarthritis a common disorder. (shoulderandelbowspecialist.co.uk)
Musculoskeletal2
- It is currently unclear as to how the dynamic cart pushing tasks affect the musculoskeletal loading of shoulder complex joints. (cdc.gov)
- The experimental data was modeled using a full-body musculoskeletal model to compute three-dimensional peak joint reaction forces acting at the sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, and glenohumeral joints. (cdc.gov)
Anterior2
- Shoulder joint, anterior view. (medscape.com)
- The ligament most frequently injured is the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), at the centre of the knee joint. (medibank.com.au)
Procedure3
- AC Joint Repair (Acromioclavicular) is a procedure that Savvos Health can help members save up to 90% in medical costs. (savvos.com)
- The most common procedure for AC joint osteoarthritis is resection arthroplasty. (shoulderandelbowspecialist.co.uk)
- This procedure replaces just the humeral head of the shoulder joint rather than the entire ball and socket. (healthline.com)
Synovial joint2
- It is a plane synovial joint. (wikipedia.org)
- In other joints no synovial joint is present with the joint being made by a pad of fibrous tissue attached to the outer end of the clavicle, and no articular cavity. (wikipedia.org)
Relative to the clavicle1
- A direct blow or fall to the shoulder results in a superior force on the acromion with restricted clavicular movement in the joint, the acromion is forcibly pushed down and medially relative to the clavicle. (iem-student.org)
Treatment2
- The objective of the treatment is to reduce pain, improve joint movement, and prevent further damage to the joint. (michaelalaiamd.com)
- Treatment depends on which joint you dislocate and the severity of the injury. (medlineplus.gov)