6-Phytase
Phytic Acid
Phosphorus, Dietary
Phosphorus
Soybeans
Coccyx
Swine
Zea mays
Biological Availability
Dietary Supplements
Weaning
Minerals
Random Allocation
Expression of an Aspergillus niger phytase gene (phyA) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1/247)
Phytase improves the bioavailability of phytate phosphorus in plant foods to humans and animals and reduces phosphorus pollution of animal waste. Our objectives were to express an Aspergillus niger phytase gene (phyA) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and to determine the effects of glycosylation on the phytase's activity and thermostability. A 1.4-kb DNA fragment containing the coding region of the phyA gene was inserted into the expression vector pYES2 and was expressed in S. cerevisiae as an active, extracellular phytase. The yield of total extracellular phytase activity was affected by the signal peptide and the medium composition. The expressed phytase had two pH optima (2 to 2.5 and 5 to 5.5) and a temperature optimum between 55 and 60 degrees C, and it cross-reacted with a rabbit polyclonal antibody against the wild-type enzyme. Due to the heavy glycosylation, the expressed phytase had a molecular size of approximately 120 kDa and appeared to be more thermostable than the commercial enzyme. Deglycosylation of the phytase resulted in losses of 9% of its activity and 40% of its thermostability. The recombinant phytase was effective in hydrolyzing phytate phosphorus from corn or soybean meal in vitro. In conclusion, the phyA gene was expressed as an active, extracellular phytase in S. cerevisiae, and its thermostability was affected by glycosylation. (+info)Phytase improves iron bioavailability for hemoglobin synthesis in young pigs. (2/247)
Dietary phytase supplementation improves bioavailabilities of phytate-bound minerals such as P, Ca, and Zn to pigs, but its effect on Fe utilization is not clear. The efficacy of phytase in releasing phytate-bound Fe and P from soybean meal in vitro and in improving dietary Fe bioavailability for hemoglobin repletion in young, anemic pigs was examined. In Exp. 1, soybean meal was incubated at 37 degrees C for 4 h with either 0, 400, 800, or 1,200 units (U) of phytase/kg, and the released Fe and P concentrations were determined. In Exp. 2, 12 anemic, 21-d-old pigs were fed either a strict vegetarian, high-phytate (1.34%) basal diet alone, or the diet supplemented with 50 mg Fe/kg diet (ferrous sulfate) or phytase at 1,200 U/kg diet (Natuphos, BASF, Mt. Olive, NJ) for 4 wk. In Exp. 3, 20 anemic, 28-d-old pigs were fed either a basal diet with a moderately high phytate concentration (1.18%) and some animal protein or the diet supplemented with 70 mg Fe/kg diet, or with one of two types of phytase (Natuphos or a new phytase developed in our laboratory, 1,200 U/kg diet) for 5 wk. In Exp. 2 and 3, diets supplemented with phytase contained no inorganic P. In Exp. 1, free P concentrations in the supernatant increased in a phytase dose-dependent fashion (P<.05), whereas free Fe concentrations only increased at the dose of 1,200 U/kg (P<.10). In Exp. 2 and 3, dietary phytase increased hemoglobin concentrations and packed cell volumes over the unsupplemented group; these two measures, including growth performance, were not significantly different than those obtained with dietary supplemental Fe. In conclusion, both sources of phytase effectively degraded phytate in corn-soy diets and subsequently released phytate-bound Fe from the diets for hemoglobin repletion in young, anemic pigs. (+info)Occupational IgE sensitisation to phytase, a phosphatase derived from Aspergillus niger. (3/247)
OBJECTIVE: Phytase is a phosphatase derived from Aspergillus niger that enhances phosphate bioavailability in the gut, and therefore has been increasingly used as an animal feed additive since the early 1990s. The aim of this study was to assess whether work related respiratory symptoms among workers in a so called premix factory producing animal feed additives, could be due to type I (mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE) allergic sensitisation to phytase. METHODS: Preparations of specific IgE against phytase as used in the factory were assessed by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) in serum samples of 11 exposed workers who regularly handled the enzyme, in 11 office and laboratory workers of the same plant (non-exposed internal controls), and in 19 laboratory animal workers as external controls. The factory workers also completed a questionnaire on common and work related respiratory symptoms. RESULTS: Depending on the cut off level in the EIA for IgE, and the preparation used as coated allergen, antiphytase sensitisation was found in one to four of the 19 external controls, in one to five of the 11 internal controls, and in four to 10 of the 11 exposed workers. Strongest IgE reactions were found in four exposed workers who reported work related respiratory symptoms, particularly wheezing, and in one internal control who possibly had become sensitised because the structure of the factory building did not preclude airborne exposure in the offices and corridors of the plant. Experiments with inhibition EIA for IgE showed that (a) phytase of another commercial source was only partially cross reactive with phytase as used in the premix factory, and (b) phytase used as an animal feed additive did not cross react with common mould extracts, except for extracts from the species of origin, Aspergillus niger. The amount of IgE binding phytase in Aspergillus niger was estimated to be between 0.1% and 1% of the extractable mould proteins. CONCLUSIONS: Phytase is a potentially important new occupational allergen causing specific IgE immune responses among exposed workers. Such IgE sensitisation could probably be the cause of work related asthmatic and other respiratory symptoms if no effective measures are taken to prevent airborne occupational exposure at sites where phytase is handled, particularly during addition of enzyme preparations to animal feed. (+info)Dephosphorylation of phytate by using the Aspergillus niger phytase with a high affinity for phytate. (4/247)
A phytase (EC 3.1.3.8) with a high affinity for phytic acid was found in Aspergillus niger SK-57 and purified to homogeneity in four steps by using ion-exchange chromatography (two types), gel filtration, and chromatofocusing. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the purified enzyme gave a single stained band at a molecular mass of approximately 60 kDa. The Michaelis constant of the enzyme for phytic acid (18.7 +/- 4.6 microM) was statistically analyzed. In regard to the orthophosphate released from phytic acid, a significant difference between a low K(m) phytase from A. niger SK-57 and a high K(m) phytase from Aspergillus ficuum was recognized. (+info)Comparative enzymatic hydrolysis of phytate in various animal feedstuff with two different phytases. (5/247)
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens DS11 phytase (DS11 phytase) and Aspergillus ficuum phytase (AF phytase) activities were investigated by measuring the release of phosphate from phytate in animal feedstuff such as wheat bran, corn meal, soybean meal and rice flour at pH 5 and 7. In all the tested feedstuff, the enzymatic activity of DS11 phytase was more active at pH 7, but that of AF phytase was more active at pH 5. From these results, the phytate in the gastrointestinal tract could be degraded in the small intestine or stomach by DS11 or AF phytase, respectively. In conclusion, the results presented in this paper indicated that different combination ratios of DS11 and AF phytase, depending on the kind of feedstuff, might effectively induce more enzymatic activity both in the stomach and small intestine in terms of the pH of the gastrointestinal tract. (+info)From DNA sequence to improved functionality: using protein sequence comparisons to rapidly design a thermostable consensus phytase. (6/247)
Naturally-occurring phytases having the required level of thermostability for application in animal feeding have not been found in nature thus far. We decided to de novo construct consensus phytases using primary protein sequence comparisons. A consensus enzyme based on 13 fungal phytase sequences had normal catalytic properties, but showed an unexpected 15-22 degrees C increase in unfolding temperature compared with each of its parents. As a first step towards understanding the molecular basis of increased heat resistance, the crystal structure of consensus phytase was determined and compared with that of Aspergillus niger phytase. Aspergillus niger phytase unfolds at much lower temperatures. In most cases, consensus residues were indeed expected, based on comparisons of both three-dimensional structures, to contribute more to phytase stabilization than non-consensus amino acids. For some consensus amino acids, predicted by structural comparisons to destabilize the protein, mutational analysis was performed. Interestingly, these consensus residues in fact increased the unfolding temperature of the consensus phytase. In summary, for fungal phytases apparently an unexpected direct link between protein sequence conservation and protein stability exists. (+info)Efficacy of yeast phytase in improving phosphorus bioavailability in a corn-soybean meal-based diet for growing pigs. (7/247)
Crossbred barrows (n = 66; 6 wk old) were used in a 6-wk experiment to evaluate the efficacy of phytase from yeast or Aspergillus niger on performance, tibial characteristics, and serum inorganic P concentration. We also investigated the stability of these phytases in acidic solutions with pepsin, which simulated gastric conditions. Pigs were fed a P-adequate diet containing .34% nonphytate-P or a low-P diet containing .20% nonphytate-P. The low-P diet was supplemented with 0, 1,000, 2,000, or 4,000 phytase units (PU; the activity at optimal pH, i.e., pH 4.2 for yeast phytase and pH 5.5 for phytase from Aspergillus niger)/kg of yeast phytase, or 1,000 PU/kg phytase from Aspergillus niger. The graded level of yeast phytase linearly increased ADG (P = .047), tibial weight (P = .091), tibial density (P < .001), and P concentration in tibial cortex (P = .018). Aspergillus niger phytase also increased ADG (P = .022), serum inorganic P concentration (P < .001), tibial density (P = .007), and tibial P concentration (P = .025). The pigs given 1,000 PU/kg Aspergillus niger phytase showed greater ADG (P = .091), tibial density (P= .001), and tibial P concentration (P = .062) than those given 1,000 PU/kg yeast phytase. No measurements differed (P > .31) between the pigs given 1,000 PU/kg Aspergillus niger phytase and those given 4,000 PU/kg yeast phytase. These results suggested that yeast phytase improves bioavailability of P in the diet for growing pigs but the efficacy of yeast phytase is less than that of Aspergillus niger phytase. During incubation in acidic solutions with pepsin, yeast phytase (P < .001) lost more of its activity than Aspergillus niger phytase. This lesser stability of yeast phytase may be responsible for the poorer efficacy of yeast phytase than that of Aspergillus niger. In summary, supplementation of swine diets with yeast phytase is beneficial, but its efficacy is less than that of Aspergillus niger phytase. (+info)Effects of dietary calcium:phosphorus ratios on apparent absorption of calcium and phosphorus in the small intestine, cecum, and colon of pigs. (8/247)
Thirty-two crossbred barrows were used to investigate the effects of dietary Ca:total P (tP) ratios in phytase-supplemented diets on the apparent absorption of P and Ca in the small intestine, cecum, and colon. Three Ca:tP ratio treatments (1.5:1, 1.3:1, or 1.0:1) were created by adjusting the amount of ground limestone added to the basal low-P grower (.39% tP including .07% added inorganic P) and finisher (.32% tP without added inorganic P) diets. All low-P ratio diets were supplemented with Natuphos phytase at 500 units/kg. A positive control diet without phytase supplementation contained adequate P and Ca to meet dietary requirements. At 123 kg, the pigs were slaughtered and the contents of ileum, cecum, and colon were collected. Lowering the dietary Ca:tP ratio in the diets containing phytase linearly increased (P < .01) the apparent absorption (% and g/d) of P in the small intestine, but Ca absorption was not affected. Pigs fed the low-P diet with a Ca:tP ratio of 1.0:1 had an apparent absorption (g/d) of P or Ca similar to that of pigs fed the control diet, which was adequate in Ca and P. Averaged across all diets, the apparent absorption of P was highest when measured at the cecum, and the apparent absorption of Ca was highest when measured at the colon. In conclusion, lowering the dietary Ca:tP ratio to 1.0:1 in a low-P diet containing phytase increased the apparent absorption of P in the small intestine. Furthermore, a significant amount of P was absorbed in the cecum. (+info)6-Phytase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of phytic acid (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate), a major storage form of phosphorus in plants, into inorganic phosphate and lower molecular weight myo-inositol phosphates. This enzymatic reaction releases phosphate and micronutrients, making them more available for absorption in the gastrointestinal tract of monogastric animals, such as pigs, poultry, and fish. The "6" in 6-Phytase refers to the position of the phosphate group that is cleaved from the myo-inositol ring. This enzyme has significant applications in animal nutrition and feed industry to improve nutrient utilization and reduce phosphorus pollution in the environment.
Phytic acid, also known as phytate in its salt form, is a natural substance found in plant-based foods such as grains, legumes, nuts, and seeds. It's a storage form of phosphorus for the plant and is often referred to as an "anti-nutrient" because it can bind to certain minerals like calcium, iron, magnesium, and zinc in the gastrointestinal tract and prevent their absorption. This can potentially lead to mineral deficiencies if a diet is consistently high in phytic acid-rich foods and low in mineral-rich foods. However, it's important to note that phytic acid also has antioxidant properties and may have health benefits when consumed as part of a balanced diet.
The bioavailability of minerals from phytic acid-rich foods can be improved through various methods such as soaking, sprouting, fermenting, or cooking, which can help break down some of the phytic acid and release the bound minerals.
Dietary Phosphorus is a mineral that is an essential nutrient for human health. It is required for the growth, maintenance, and repair of body tissues, including bones and teeth. Phosphorus is also necessary for the production of energy, the formation of DNA and RNA, and the regulation of various physiological processes.
In the diet, phosphorus is primarily found in protein-containing foods such as meat, poultry, fish, dairy products, legumes, and nuts. It can also be found in processed foods that contain additives such as phosphoric acid, which is used to enhance flavor or as a preservative.
The recommended daily intake of phosphorus for adults is 700 milligrams (mg) per day. However, it's important to note that excessive intake of phosphorus, particularly from supplements and fortified foods, can lead to health problems such as kidney damage and calcification of soft tissues. Therefore, it's recommended to obtain phosphorus primarily from whole foods rather than supplements.
'Aspergillus niger' is a species of fungi that belongs to the genus Aspergillus. It is a ubiquitous microorganism that can be found in various environments, including soil, decaying vegetation, and indoor air. 'Aspergillus niger' is a black-colored mold that produces spores that are easily dispersed in the air.
This fungus is well known for its ability to produce a variety of enzymes and metabolites, some of which have industrial applications. For example, it is used in the production of citric acid, which is widely used as a food additive and preservative.
However, 'Aspergillus niger' can also cause health problems in humans, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems or underlying lung conditions. It can cause allergic reactions, respiratory symptoms, and invasive aspergillosis, a serious infection that can spread to other organs in the body.
In addition, 'Aspergillus niger' can produce mycotoxins, which are toxic compounds that can contaminate food and feed and cause various health effects in humans and animals. Therefore, it is important to prevent the growth and proliferation of this fungus in indoor environments and food production facilities.
Phosphorus is an essential mineral that is required by every cell in the body for normal functioning. It is a key component of several important biomolecules, including adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the primary source of energy for cells, and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), which are the genetic materials in cells.
Phosphorus is also a major constituent of bones and teeth, where it combines with calcium to provide strength and structure. In addition, phosphorus plays a critical role in various metabolic processes, including energy production, nerve impulse transmission, and pH regulation.
The medical definition of phosphorus refers to the chemical element with the atomic number 15 and the symbol P. It is a highly reactive non-metal that exists in several forms, including white phosphorus, red phosphorus, and black phosphorus. In the body, phosphorus is primarily found in the form of organic compounds, such as phospholipids, phosphoproteins, and nucleic acids.
Abnormal levels of phosphorus in the body can lead to various health problems. For example, high levels of phosphorus (hyperphosphatemia) can occur in patients with kidney disease or those who consume large amounts of phosphorus-rich foods, and can contribute to the development of calcification of soft tissues and cardiovascular disease. On the other hand, low levels of phosphorus (hypophosphatemia) can occur in patients with malnutrition, vitamin D deficiency, or alcoholism, and can lead to muscle weakness, bone pain, and an increased risk of infection.
Animal feed refers to any substance or mixture of substances, whether processed, unprocessed, or partially processed, which is intended to be used as food for animals, including fish, without further processing. It includes ingredients such as grains, hay, straw, oilseed meals, and by-products from the milling, processing, and manufacturing industries. Animal feed can be in the form of pellets, crumbles, mash, or other forms, and is used to provide nutrients such as energy, protein, fiber, vitamins, and minerals to support the growth, reproduction, and maintenance of animals. It's important to note that animal feed must be safe, nutritious, and properly labeled to ensure the health and well-being of the animals that consume it.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "soybeans" are not a medical term. They are a type of legume that is commonly used in agriculture and food production. The medical community might discuss soybeans in the context of nutrition or allergies, but there isn't a formal medical definition for this term.
Here's some general information: Soybeans, scientifically known as Glycine max, are native to East Asia and are now grown worldwide. They are a significant source of plant-based protein and oil. Soybeans contain various nutrients, including essential amino acids, fiber, B vitamins, and minerals like calcium, iron, magnesium, and zinc. They are used in various food products such as tofu, soy milk, tempeh, and miso. Additionally, soybeans are also used in the production of industrial products, including biodiesel, plastics, and inks. Some people may have allergic reactions to soybeans or soy products.
Digestion is the complex process of breaking down food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed and utilized by the body for energy, growth, and cell repair. This process involves both mechanical and chemical actions that occur in the digestive system, which includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and accessory organs such as the pancreas, liver, and gallbladder.
The different stages of digestion are:
1. Ingestion: This is the first step in digestion, where food is taken into the mouth.
2. Mechanical digestion: This involves physically breaking down food into smaller pieces through chewing, churning, and mixing with digestive enzymes.
3. Chemical digestion: This involves breaking down food molecules into simpler forms using various enzymes and chemicals produced by the digestive system.
4. Absorption: Once the food is broken down into simple molecules, they are absorbed through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream and transported to different parts of the body.
5. Elimination: The undigested material that remains after absorption is moved through the large intestine and eliminated from the body as feces.
The process of digestion is essential for maintaining good health, as it provides the necessary nutrients and energy required for various bodily functions.
The coccyx, also known as the tailbone, is the small triangular bone at the bottom of the spine in humans and other primates. It is formed by the fusion of several small vertebrae and serves to attach muscles and ligaments in the pelvic region. The coccyx can be a source of pain and discomfort if it is injured or becomes inflamed.
"Animal nutritional physiological phenomena" is not a standardized medical or scientific term. However, it seems to refer to the processes and functions related to nutrition and physiology in animals. Here's a breakdown of the possible components:
1. Animal: This term refers to non-human living organisms that are multicellular, heterotrophic, and have a distinct nervous system.
2. Nutritional: This term pertains to the nourishment and energy requirements of an animal, including the ingestion, digestion, absorption, transportation, metabolism, and excretion of nutrients.
3. Physiological: This term refers to the functions and processes that occur within a living organism, including the interactions between different organs and systems.
4. Phenomena: This term generally means an observable fact or event.
Therefore, "animal nutritional physiological phenomena" could refer to the observable events and processes related to nutrition and physiology in animals. Examples of such phenomena include digestion, absorption, metabolism, energy production, growth, reproduction, and waste elimination.
"Swine" is a common term used to refer to even-toed ungulates of the family Suidae, including domestic pigs and wild boars. However, in a medical context, "swine" often appears in the phrase "swine flu," which is a strain of influenza virus that typically infects pigs but can also cause illness in humans. The 2009 H1N1 pandemic was caused by a new strain of swine-origin influenza A virus, which was commonly referred to as "swine flu." It's important to note that this virus is not transmitted through eating cooked pork products; it spreads from person to person, mainly through respiratory droplets produced when an infected person coughs or sneezes.
'Zea mays' is the biological name for corn or maize, which is not typically considered a medical term. However, corn or maize can have medical relevance in certain contexts. For example, cornstarch is sometimes used as a diluent for medications and is also a component of some skin products. Corn oil may be found in topical ointments and creams. In addition, some people may have allergic reactions to corn or corn-derived products. But generally speaking, 'Zea mays' itself does not have a specific medical definition.
Biological availability is a term used in pharmacology and toxicology that refers to the degree and rate at which a drug or other substance is absorbed into the bloodstream and becomes available at the site of action in the body. It is a measure of the amount of the substance that reaches the systemic circulation unchanged, after administration by any route (such as oral, intravenous, etc.).
The biological availability (F) of a drug can be calculated using the area under the curve (AUC) of the plasma concentration-time profile after extravascular and intravenous dosing, according to the following formula:
F = (AUCex/AUCiv) x (Doseiv/Doseex)
where AUCex is the AUC after extravascular dosing, AUCiv is the AUC after intravenous dosing, Doseiv is the intravenous dose, and Doseex is the extravascular dose.
Biological availability is an important consideration in drug development and therapy, as it can affect the drug's efficacy, safety, and dosage regimen. Drugs with low biological availability may require higher doses to achieve the desired therapeutic effect, while drugs with high biological availability may have a more rapid onset of action and require lower doses to avoid toxicity.
A dietary supplement is a product that contains nutrients, such as vitamins, minerals, amino acids, herbs or other botanicals, and is intended to be taken by mouth, to supplement the diet. Dietary supplements can include a wide range of products, such as vitamin and mineral supplements, herbal supplements, and sports nutrition products.
Dietary supplements are not intended to treat, diagnose, cure, or alleviate the effects of diseases. They are intended to be used as a way to add extra nutrients to the diet or to support specific health functions. It is important to note that dietary supplements are not subject to the same rigorous testing and regulations as drugs, so it is important to choose products carefully and consult with a healthcare provider if you have any questions or concerns about using them.
Weaning is the process of gradually introducing an infant or young child to a new source of nutrition, such as solid foods, while simultaneously decreasing their dependence on breast milk or formula. This process can begin when the child is developmentally ready, typically around 6 months of age, and involves offering them small amounts of pureed or mashed foods to start, then gradually introducing more textured and varied foods as they become comfortable with the new diet. The weaning process should be done slowly and under the guidance of a healthcare provider to ensure that the child's nutritional needs are being met and to avoid any potential digestive issues.
A diet, in medical terms, refers to the planned and regular consumption of food and drinks. It is a balanced selection of nutrient-rich foods that an individual eats on a daily or periodic basis to meet their energy needs and maintain good health. A well-balanced diet typically includes a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and low-fat dairy products.
A diet may also be prescribed for therapeutic purposes, such as in the management of certain medical conditions like diabetes, hypertension, or obesity. In these cases, a healthcare professional may recommend specific restrictions or modifications to an individual's regular diet to help manage their condition and improve their overall health.
It is important to note that a healthy and balanced diet should be tailored to an individual's age, gender, body size, activity level, and any underlying medical conditions. Consulting with a healthcare professional, such as a registered dietitian or nutritionist, can help ensure that an individual's dietary needs are being met in a safe and effective way.
In the context of nutrition and health, minerals are inorganic elements that are essential for various bodily functions, such as nerve impulse transmission, muscle contraction, maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance, and bone structure. They are required in small amounts compared to macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, and fats) and are obtained from food and water.
Some of the major minerals include calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and chloride, while trace minerals or microminerals are required in even smaller amounts and include iron, zinc, copper, manganese, iodine, selenium, and fluoride.
It's worth noting that the term "minerals" can also refer to geological substances found in the earth, but in medical terminology, it specifically refers to the essential inorganic elements required for human health.
"Random allocation," also known as "random assignment" or "randomization," is a process used in clinical trials and other research studies to distribute participants into different intervention groups (such as experimental group vs. control group) in a way that minimizes selection bias and ensures the groups are comparable at the start of the study.
In random allocation, each participant has an equal chance of being assigned to any group, and the assignment is typically made using a computer-generated randomization schedule or other objective methods. This process helps to ensure that any differences between the groups are due to the intervention being tested rather than pre-existing differences in the participants' characteristics.
Weight gain is defined as an increase in body weight over time, which can be attributed to various factors such as an increase in muscle mass, fat mass, or total body water. It is typically measured in terms of pounds or kilograms and can be intentional or unintentional. Unintentional weight gain may be a cause for concern if it's significant or accompanied by other symptoms, as it could indicate an underlying medical condition such as hypothyroidism, diabetes, or heart disease.
It is important to note that while body mass index (BMI) can be used as a general guideline for weight status, it does not differentiate between muscle mass and fat mass. Therefore, an increase in muscle mass through activities like strength training could result in a higher BMI, but this may not necessarily be indicative of increased health risks associated with excess body fat.
Beta-propeller phytase
3-phytase
4-phytase
Buttiauxella
5-phytase
Phytase
List of MeSH codes (D08)
List of EC numbers (EC 3)
Phosphoric monoester hydrolases
Rhizopus oligosporus
Pichia pastoris
Rhizopus oryzae
Inositol
Pedobacter nyackensis
Myceliophthora thermophila
Antinutrient
Mucor racemosus
Genetically modified animal
Rickets
Genetically modified wheat
Phytic acid
Beta-propeller
Agricultural pollution
Genetically modified mammal
Lentil
Bere (grain)
Anthony P. J. Trinci
Thermomyces lanuginosus
Sprouting
Phosphorus cycle
Beta-propeller phytase - Wikipedia
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- Phytases (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate 3-,6- and 5-phosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.3.8, EC 3.1.3.26, and EC 3.1.3.72) are phosphatases that can initiate the stepwise hydrolysis of phytate, the main storage form of phosphate in seeds and the major antinutritional factor for bio-availability of micronutrient in food and feed ( Lott, 1984 ). (frontiersin.org)
- INTRODUCTION The phytase enzyme [EC 3.1.3.26] is a highly concentrated thermostable preparation produced by submerged fermentation of Aspergillus niger followed by purification and formulation. (enzymes.bio)
Enzyme10
- PAPhy_a phytase is highly stable and a potent enzyme in feed. (frontiersin.org)
- This pH optimum is the same as for Aspergillus ficuum phytase, a popular microbial feed enzyme. (frontiersin.org)
- This is an important enzyme family in the agri-food sector, since phytases have taken 40% of the food enzyme market in recent years. (infogm.org)
- Commission Regulation (EC) No 1088/2009 of 12 November 2009 concerning the authorisation of a new use of an enzyme preparation of 6-phytase produced by Aspergillus oryzae (DSM 17594) as a feed additive for weaned piglets, pigs for fattening, poultry for fattening and poultry for laying (holder of authorisation DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., represented by DSM Nutritional Products Sp. (efta.int)
- We have developed an enzyme application strategy called Maximum Matrix Nutrition, which capitalises on the properties of Quantum Blue, an enhanced E. coli phytase with a high affinity for phytate, in addition to a thermostable and inhibitor-resistant xylanase, Econase XT. (abvista.com)
- O2 Factor Is a combination of Metabolic Enzymes and TOCO is a combination of whole food concentrates and anti-oxidants, Enzyme Enhancement Systemª is a blend of Amylases, Celluloses, Proteases, Phytases and Lipases. (drhanna.org)
- A quick review of the most recent book of the European Symposium on Poultry Nutrition (ESPN) abstracts reveals a continuing focus on the enzyme phytase . (feedstrategy.com)
- The correct answer is that, yes, there are substantial differences among phytases, not only in the way they go about attacking the phytate entity, releasing phosphorus, but also in the amount of phosphorus they release and, of course, the origin of the enzyme that may affect not only its efficiency but also its technical quality aspects. (feedstrategy.com)
- Phytase is an enzyme (phosphatase) that increases the Material and methods bioavailability of phosphorous of plant origin in Study group animal feeds. (cdc.gov)
- Therefore fungal centre,while analysing this enzyme in two laboratories or working in phytase is added to feed for pigs and poultry (mono- an experimental animal husbandry. (cdc.gov)
Aspergillus9
- Two 21-d broiler experiments were conducted to assess the efficacy of a bacterial 6-phytase expressed in Aspergillus oryzae on growth performance, nutrient utilization, and intestinal molecular markers. (sruc.ac.uk)
- November 2009 zur Zulassung einer neuen Verwendung der Enzymzubereitung 6-Phytase aus Aspergillus oryzae (DSM 17594) als Futtermittelzusatzstoff für Absetzferkel, Mastschweine, Mastgeflügel und Legegeflügel (Zulassungsinhaber. (efta.int)
- nóvember 2009 um leyfi fyrir nýrri notkun ensímblöndu með 6-fýtasa, sem er framleiddur með Aspergillus oryzae (DSM 17594), sem fóðuraukefni fyrir smágrísi sem búið er að venja undan, eldissvín, alifugla sem eru aldir. (efta.int)
- Kim T, Mullaney EJ, Porres JM, Roneker KR, Crowe S, Rice S, Ko T, Ullah AH, Daly CB, Welch R. Shifting the pH profile of Aspergillus niger PhyA phytase to match the stomach pH enhances its effectiveness as an animal feed additive. (setpublisher.com)
- Physnap, the fastest-acting 6 - E.coli phytase expressed on Aspergillus Niger, completely releases phosphorus from the upper digestive tract. (vetproductsgroup.com)
- The first group (control) was fed a basal diet with 4.6 g/kg available P. In contrast, the second, third, and fourth groups were fed diets treated with 3.2 g/kg available P, supplemented with either 5000 FTU/kg of bacterial E. coli (Quantum TM Blue 5G), fungal Aspergillus niger (VemoZyme ® F 5000 Naturally Thermostable Phytase (NTP)), or fungal Trichodermareesei (Yemzim ® FZ100). (olmdiagnostics.com)
- Methods: Fifty-three subjects occupationally exposed to powdered phytase from 1Zentralinstitut f r Arbeitsmedizin, Hamburg, Aspergillus niger were studied. (cdc.gov)
- Aspergillus niger phytase (myoinositol-hexakiphosphate 3-phos- producing animal feed additives. (cdc.gov)
- The chemical deglycosylation of Aspergillus niger phytase was car- mechanism. (cdc.gov)
Bacterial5
- It was concluded from these studies that the bacterial 6-phytase was effective in enhancing growth of broilers receiving low-P diets as well as in increasing efficiency of P utilization and phytic acid degradation. (sruc.ac.uk)
- The objectives of this study were to screen and characterize bacterial phytases from Chilean hydrothermal environments. (elsevierpure.com)
- Nutrase P is a unique bacterial 6-phytase that efficiently releases phosphate from phytate and reduces the need for phosphate addition in the feed. (nutrex.eu)
- The current study aimed to evaluate the impact of bacterial and fungal phytase sources on layer productivity, egg production, biochemical blood indices, and reproductive morphology. (olmdiagnostics.com)
- Conclusively, bacterial and fungal phytase sources can compensate for the reduction of available P in layers' diets and enhance shell and yolk quality without affecting productive performance, and no differences among them were noticed. (olmdiagnostics.com)
Enzymes9
- β-propeller phytases (BPPs) are a group of enzymes (i.e. protein superfamily) with a round beta-propeller structure. (wikipedia.org)
- 6-phytase and alpha-amylase are two typical examples of enzymes produced by GMMs. (infogm.org)
- 6-Phytase belongs to the phytase family, which includes other enzymes such as 3-phytase, 4-phytase. (infogm.org)
- Phytases are enzymes involved in organic phosphorus cycling in nature and widely used as feed additives in animal diets. (elsevierpure.com)
- Phytases are degrading enzymes that hydrolyze phytate (myo inositol hexa kis phosphate) to release a series of lower phosphate esters of myoinositol and orthophosphate. (setpublisher.com)
- Our results also demonstrated that there is a remarkable correlation between the presence of disulfide bond and the number of amino acid in each phytase which means the larger enzymes contain three or more disulfide bonds whereas the enzymes containing less than 400 amino acids lack any disulfide bond. (setpublisher.com)
- Nutrase BXP is a blend of enzymes, containing endo-xylanase, β-glucanase, α-amylase and 6-phytase activities. (nutrex.eu)
- Our Digestive Enzymes contains a special blend of hemicellulase, beta-glucanase and phytase, is specially formulated to digest the cell walls of plants, providing better nutrition from a plant-based diet. (healthheroshop.com)
- So, not all phytase enzymes are created equal and not all of them work the same way or have the same efficiency. (feedstrategy.com)
20181
- 2018. Effect of phytase on growth performance, phytate degradation and gene expression of myo-inositol transporters in the small intestine, liver and kidney of 21 day old broilers. (uga.edu)
Phytate phosphorus3
- BPPs are the most widely found phytase superfamily in the environment and they are thought to have a major role in phytate-phosphorus cycling in soil and water. (wikipedia.org)
- Dr ten Doeschate explains that it is important to consider not just the amount of phosphorus a phytase can release - but whether sufficient phytate phosphorus exists in order to justify the use of a high dose of phytase with a phosphorus matrix. (abvista.com)
- Lei X, Ku P, Miller E, Yokoyama M. Supplementing corn-soybean meal diets with microbial phytase linearly improves phytate phosphorus utilization by weanling pigs. (setpublisher.com)
Unit of phytase1
- First, what is the amount of phosphorus each product releases per unit of phytase included in the final feed? (feedstrategy.com)
Levels of phytase5
- The experimental diets contained increasing levels of apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance and different levels of phytase. (scielo.br)
- Home News Company News Impact of increasing levels of phytase in diets with variable levels of. (zootecnicainternational.com)
- Researchers from Texas A&M University, along with AB Vista Regional Technical Service Manager Craig Wyatt, have investigated the effect of increasing levels of phytase on broilers. (zootecnicainternational.com)
- The objective of the study was to evaluate the influence of increasing levels of phytase with 3 levels of amino acids (AA) on broilers performance and breast yield. (zootecnicainternational.com)
- The experiment was arranged as a 3 × 3 factorial ANOVA with of 3 levels of phytase at 500, 1,500, and 3,000 FTU/kg, and 3 AA densities. (zootecnicainternational.com)
Microbial phytase1
- Catalytic and physicochemical properties of microbial phytase sources may differ, affecting phosphorus (P) release and subsequently the productive and reproductive performance of layers. (olmdiagnostics.com)
Hexakisphosphate3
- Phytase (Myo-inositol hexakisphosphate phosphohydrolase) catalyzes the stepwise removal of phosphate from phytic acid or its salt phytate in order to reduce the binding capacity to nutrients and promote animal phosphorus utilization. (vetproductsgroup.com)
- We determined the kinetic parameters (Vmax, Km, Kcat, and Kcat/Km) of phosphomonoesterase and phytase from various sources on seven substrates [p-Nitrophenyl phosphate, Bis-P-Nitrophenyl phosphate, P-Nitrophenyl phosphate bis(cyclohexylammonium), P-Nitrophenyl phosphate di(2-amino-2-ethyl-1-3-propanediol), D-Glucose 6-phosphate sodium salt, D-Glucose 6-phosphate disodium salt, and inositol hexakisphosphate] to assess hydrolytic response under standard conditions. (usda.gov)
- It catalyzes the hydrolysis of phytate (myoinositol - 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate) to We examined 53 employees occupationally exposed to phytase (14 lower order phosphate esters and to inorganic phos- women,39 men,average age 38 ± 10 years). (cdc.gov)
Additive2
- Phytase successfully used as an animal feed additive to increase the bioavailability of phosphate from phytic acid in the grain-based diets of poultry and swine. (setpublisher.com)
- Cowieson A, Adeola O. Carbohydrases, protease, and phytase have an additive beneficial effect in nutritionally marginal diets for broiler chicks. (setpublisher.com)
Protease3
- Phytase individually or in combination with xylanase and protease improved the Ca and P digestibility of corn, soybean meal, and DDGS, from the hydrolysis of phytic acid. (animbiosci.org)
- The supplementation of protease was more effective when combined with phytase and xylanase in the soybean meal and DDGS possibly due to a higher protein content in these feedstuffs. (animbiosci.org)
- Combined phytase and protease hydrolysis led to a 6- and 15-fold enhancement of Fe3+ bioaccessibility during these stages. (bvsalud.org)
Hydrolysis2
- 2017. Hydrolysis of phytate to its lower esters can influence the growth performance and nutrient utilization of broilers with regular or super doses of phytase. (uga.edu)
- Phytase catalyzes the hydrolysis of phytic acid reducing its biding capacity and increasing bone and intestinal health, and the bioavailability of essential minerals and nutrients [ 17 - 19 ]. (animbiosci.org)
Diets3
- Bone length and the levels of magnesium and zinc present in the tibias were not influenced by the energy and phytase levels of the diets. (scielo.br)
- Addition of phytase to the diets of monogastric animals is therefore widely used to increase the P-digestibility and reduce the P-excretion in the manure. (nutrex.eu)
- It is widely thought that phytase can be supplemented into poultry diets to increase utilisation of amino acids. (zootecnicainternational.com)
20221
- 62(6): 1696-1712, 2022. (bvsalud.org)
Phytic acid2
- BPPs are phytases, which means that they are able to remove (hydrolyze) phosphate groups from phytic acid and its phytate salts. (wikipedia.org)
- Monogastric animals are unable to utilize P from phytic acid or phytate, as they lack endogenous phytase. (nutrex.eu)
Digestibility1
- However, when xylanase was combined with phytase, it demonstrated a higher efficacy improving the nutrient digestibility of pigs. (animbiosci.org)
Sodium1
- Ronozyme ® HiPhos - 4a18 is product with 6-phytase, protected with sodium sulphate, dextrin and cellulose. (agrovit.si)
Supplementation1
- 0.01) in Ca and P retention in response to phytase supplementation (experiment 2). (sruc.ac.uk)
Amino acids2
- Additionally, in order to dig out the structure of phytases, some chemical and physical characteristics of phytases such as aliphatic index (AI), isoelectric pH (PI), amino acids percentage, molecular weights (MW) and 3D structure of phytases were analyzed. (setpublisher.com)
- Furthermore, phytase can also improve the availability of amino acids and energy and other minerals like Ca, Zn, Fe and Cu. (nutrex.eu)
Releases phosphorus1
- With use of Ronozyme HiPhos it is possible to reduce quantity of inorganic phosphorus in feed formulation as phytase releases phosphorus from grains. (agrovit.si)
Characterize1
- The main objectives of the research were to isolate and characterize phytase producing bacteria from traditional fermented foods like idli and jalebi batter, and optimize phytase production by the isolated strain of bacteria. (journalcra.com)
Efficacy1
- Our new video aims to give feed producers an insight into the key factors to consider when evaluating phosphorus equivalency, in order to determine the efficacy of a phytase. (abvista.com)
Quantum Blue1
- This experiment, published in the Oxford Academic Journal of Applied Poultry Research, involved three levels of Quantum Blue phytase at 500, 1,500, and 3,000 FTU/kg, and three AA densities, for nine treatments across seven replicate pens with 45 Cobb 500 males per pen. (zootecnicainternational.com)
Temperature2
- The temperature optimum for phytate dephosphorylation was determined to be 60 and 50 °C for the phytases from the isolates 9B and 15C, respectively. (elsevierpure.com)
- The selected 22 isolates were further evaluated among them, 4 isolates PR2, PR6, PR16, PR24 could be grown on PSM plate with 2.5% agar after incubation of 24 hr at 37°C temperature and shown phytase activity in shake flask experiment. (journalcra.com)
Broilers3
- The study was carried out with the objective of evaluating the effects of using phytase levels at different energy densities in the diet of broilers, from 28 to 35 days of age. (scielo.br)
- These data support the idea that "superdosing" phytase can improve broilers performance and breast meat yield. (zootecnicainternational.com)
- Phytase breaks down phytate, releasing phosphorus and other chelated minerals for use by broilers. (zootecnicainternational.com)
Isolate1
- Interestingly, the phytase from the isolate 15C showed a residual activity of 46% after incubation at 90 °C for 20 min. (elsevierpure.com)
Thermophilic2
- In this study, 60% (30 of 63) of screened thermophilic (60 °C) isolates showed phytase activity in crude protein extracts. (elsevierpure.com)
- Singh B, Satyanarayana T. Phytase production by a thermophilic mould Sporotrichum thermophile in solid state fermentation and its potential applications. (setpublisher.com)
Optimum1
- The characterization of phytase from two selected isolates (9B and 15C) revealed that both isolates produce phytases with a pH optimum at 5.0. (elsevierpure.com)
Doses1
- There is no interaction between the different energetic densities and the phytase doses in the variables analyzed in the studied period. (scielo.br)
Characteristics1
- A. Mathew, A. Verma, S. Gaur , "An in-silico insight into the characteristics of β-propeller phytase. (jiit.ac.in)
Protein2
- In recent years," says Dr ten Doeschate,"the functionality of phytases has evolved - and there is greater awareness of their ability to release additional minerals and protein beyond phosphorus. (abvista.com)
- In order to investigate structural relationships between disulfide-bearing phytases and disulfide-free phytases, 9 phytases with resolved three-dimensional (3D) structure were retrieved as pdb and FASFA format from Protein Data Bank server and were analyzed using various tools and software. (setpublisher.com)
Nutrient1
- Recombinant phytases are added commonly in agriculture to animal feed of monogastric animals to enhance the feed's nutrient bioavailability. (wikipedia.org)
Improves1
- Phytase addition improves calcium availability and can also improve the bioavailability of iron and zinc. (wikipedia.org)
Feedstuffs1
- A high phytase activity in food and feedstuffs is desirable to ensure high bioavailability of phytate bound phosphate and counter the antinutritional effects of non-digested phytate. (frontiersin.org)
Experiment1
- The treatments included a negative control diet that was marginally deficient in P (NC) or NC plus tricalcium phosphate, 500, 1,000, or 2,000 phytase units/kg (experiment 1), and NC or NC plus monocalcium phosphate, 500 or 1,000 phytase units/kg (experiment 2). (sruc.ac.uk)
Gene3
- Mature grain phytase activity (MGPA) in the Triticea tribe cereals has evolved through gene duplications and neo-functionalization of the purple acid phosphatase phytase gene ( PAPhy ) in a common ancestor. (frontiersin.org)
- However, barley only contains one HvPAPhy_a gene and the MGPA levels needs to be increased to substitute for the addition of microbial phytases to the feed. (frontiersin.org)
- Furthermore, the gene dose response of phytase cisgenes from three different cisgenic barley plants were horizontally stacked. (frontiersin.org)
Pigs1
- The subjects were exposed to phytase dust during phosphate storage mode can only be partially large-scale confection of phytase in powdered form in a technical utilized by pigs and poultry. (cdc.gov)
Digestion1
- In addition, α-amylase supports the digestion of starch and the phytase releases phosphate from phytate. (nutrex.eu)
