Enlargement of the Sylvian aqueduct: a sequel of head injuries.
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A review of pneumoencephalography and clinical data in a large group of patients has shown that severe head injury may be followed by a consistent clinical-radiological syndrome. A prolonged period of unconsciousness is a characteristic initial feature of this syndrome. Clinically there is ataxia and dysarthria and, often, abnormal movements and oculomotor dysfunction. The characteristic radiological feature is an enlargement of the aqueduct of Sylvius. The clinical picture, together with the enlargement of the aqueduct, suggests that loss of neuronal and axonal substance in the midbrain is the probable pathology. (+info)
Septo-optic dysplasia.
(42/64)
Four children are described who had hypoplastic optic nerves, absent septa pellucida, and various types of endocrinological dysfunction. The importance is stressed of recognizing this syndrome and of following up the growth of the patient, because now that human growth hormone is available the short stature of some blind children may be susceptible to treatment. (+info)
Porencephaly diagnosed by isotope cisternography.
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The diagnosis of porencephaly by isotope cisternography is described. In the three cases presented, porencephaly was associated with non-resorptive hydrocephalus. The communicating hydrocephalus caused the isotope to enter the ventricular system and visualize the cyst, and the diagnosis of both disorders was established by RIHSA cisternography. The method is simple and non-traumatic and provides information about abnormalities which air may fail to demonstrate. (+info)
A clinical, pneumoencephalographic and radioisotopic study of normal-pressure communicating hydrocephalus.
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Human serum albumin labelled with iodine-133 or technetium-99(m) was injected by the lumbar or cisternal route into patients suspected of having communicating hydrocephalus, and scintigrams were performed up to 24 hours after injection.The CSF isotope studies were shown to be a valuable adjunct to clinical examination and pneumoencephalography in the diagnosis of hydrocephalus. This was especially true in suspected cases of "normal"-pressure hydrocephalus where there may be considerable uncertainty as to which patients with normal pressure and enlarged ventricles will benefit from a shunting procedure. The CSF isotope study provides useful information to the clinician in differentiating patients with symptomatic hydrocephalus from the larger group with dementia, cerebral atrophy and hydrocephalus ex vacuo. (+info)
Alterations in lumbar cerebrospinal fluid protein during air encephalography.
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A significant fall occurred in the protein content of successive specimens of lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (C.S.F.) withdrawn during the course of air encephalography in 57% of cases. No correlation was found between the fall in the protein concentration and the total volume of air injected or the total volume of C.S.F. withdrawn, but the size of the fall was greater when the initial lumbar C.S.F. protein concentration was raised. The importance of taking specimens for routine laboratory analysis before the injection of any air is emphasized. (+info)
Hypokalaemia after pneumoencephalography.
(46/64)
The changes in plasma electrolytes and blood pH and gases following the insufflation of air into the subarachnoid space for pneumoencephalography were investigated. The only significant change observed was a rapid fall of plasma potassium most evident at 60 minutes. A concomitant reduction of the urinary Na/K ratio supports the possibility that the change observed may be due to the stimulation of aldosterone secretion caused by this procedure, though its rapid occurrence and reversibility indicate that other influences might at least in part be responsible. (+info)
Cerebral arachnoid cysts in children.
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The case histories of 14 children are described in which hydrocephalus was found on investigation to be associated with a cyst of the posterior fossa or subarachnoid cisterns. The neuroradiological and histological findings are described. The cysts are considered to be developmental in origin. Their recognition and management are discussed. (+info)
Pancreatic encephalopathy.
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A 58 year old woman presenting with abdominal distress and a neuropsychiatric disturbance with evidence of focal neurological deficit is described. A diagnosis of pancreatic encephalopathy was made, and the patient was treated accordingly with pancreatic anti-enzymes. A survey of the literature is presented. (+info)