Simulation tools for two-dimensional experiments in x-ray computed tomography using the FORBILD head phantom. (57/84)

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Intracranial physiological calcifications evaluated with cone beam CT. (58/84)

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Combined transmastoid/middle fossa approach for intracranial extension of middle ear cholesteatoma. (59/84)

A retrospective review was performed of patients treated for middle ear cholesteatoma with bone defects of the skull base via a combined transmastoid/middle fossa approach at the University of Tsukuba Hospital from 2006 through 2011 to determine the safety and effectiveness of a combined transmastoid/middle fossa approach for the treatment of cholesteatoma involving the middle cranial fossa. The bone defects of the skull base were reconstructed with a galeal flap pedicled with a parietal branch of the superficial temporal artery and an autologous bone flap. The clinical and radiological data were analyzed. This series included 8 patients (6 men and 2 women) with a mean age of 46.3 years (range 10-67 years). One of the patients preoperatively exhibited meningoencephalocele of the middle fossa skull base, and in the remaining 7 patients, petrous bone involvement such as involvement of the supralabyrinthine cells was observed. The cholesteatoma lesion was totally removed and inner ear function preserved in all the patients. Cerebrospinal fluid leakage was observed in 1 patient during and after the surgery. Neither meningitis nor recurrence was observed in any patient during the follow-up periods (mean 29.4 months, range 6-64 months). The combined transmastoid/middle fossa approach allowed complete removal of cholesteatoma with middle cranial fossa involvement while preserving hearing and preventing postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage and meningitis.  (+info)

Hemophilic pseudotumor of the temporal bone with conductive hearing loss--case report. (60/84)

A 46-year-old man with factor VIII deficiency presented with a rare case of hemophilic pseudotumor in the temporal bone manifesting as severe conductive hearing loss and external ear bleeding. The pseudotumor expanded and destroyed the temporal bone and skin of the external ear over the course of 8 years. The pseudotumor was surgically excised, and the patient's symptoms improved. Histological examination of a specimen collected from inside the pseudotumor demonstrated blood products in various stages of evolution and showed that the outer membrane consisted of a collagen layer. Hemophilic pseudotumors are rare complications occurring in 1-2% of patients with mild or severe hemophilia. Pseudotumors are chronic, slowly expanding, encapsulated cystic masses, and most are located in the long bones and pelvis. The present case suggests that cranial pseudotumor should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cranial lesion in a patient with hemophilia.  (+info)

Petrous apex cholesterol granuloma: pictorial review of radiological considerations in diagnosis and surgical histopathology. (61/84)

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Spontaneous cholesteatoma of the external auditory canal: the utility of CT. (62/84)

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Late onset cerebrospinal fluid leakage associated with past head injury. (63/84)

Late onset cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage, such as rhinorrhea or otorrhea, is a rare complication of closed head injury. We encountered two cases of delayed CSF leakage more than 10 years after head injury. In both cases, surgical treatments were performed using intradural approaches, and the dural defects were closed with viable pedicled flaps. After surgery, the CSF leakage was completely cured and no remarkable complication was observed in either case. The present two cases of late onset CSF leakage suggest that surgical repair procedures should be performed as soon as the leaks are discovered. A bifrontal intracranial approach is recommended to treat frontal cranial base leakage. Temporal craniotomy is recommended to treat temporal base leakage. All cases should be treated using an intradural approach, and the dural defect is best repaired with viable pedicled flaps.  (+info)

The petrous portion of the temporal bone as shown on sonography between 14 and 40 weeks' gestation. (64/84)

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