Descriptive epidemiology of small intestinal malignancies: the German Cancer Registry experience.
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In the first population-based analysis of certain epidemiologic features of primary malignancies of the small intestine in Germany, we used data from the Saarland Cancer Registry (1982-1993) and from the former National Cancer Registry of the German Democratic Republic (1976-1989). The age-standardized incidence rates for ages 0-74 years is 3.3-6.2 per million per year. The average incidence rates of the federal state Saarland are for men about 1.3 times and for women about 1.4 times the rate of the former German Democratic Republic. After the age of 30 years, the incidence rates increased with increasing age. Incidence rates for carcinoids levelled off after the age of 54 years. Rates for men were 35-40% higher than for women after adjusting for age. The risk for carcinomas, malignant carcinoids and malignant lymphoma were higher for men than for women. (+info)
Emergency abdominal surgery for small bowel perforation secondary to metastatic lung cancer.
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Emergency surgery for bowel perforation caused by metastases from lung cancer is rare. Two cases of small bowel perforation due to metastasizing lung cancer are reported. Both patients were admitted as a surgical emergency case. One of the two patients presented herein survived and was discharged from the hospital. Perforated small bowel due to metastatic lung cancer is a highly fatal event that occurs in the late phases of the disease. Despite the poor prognosis, early and appropriate therapy will occasionally yield successful surgical palliation. Patients with known lung cancer who develop abdominal complaints should be examined thoroughly and treated quickly. (+info)
Presence of sorbin in human digestive tract and endocrine digestive tumours.
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BACKGROUND: Sorbin, a 153 amino acid peptide isolated from porcine intestine, was localised by immunohistochemistry in endocrine cells of the intestinal mucosa and pancreas and in the enteric nervous system in the pig. AIMS: To identify sorbin cells in normal human digestive tissues and to explore the expression of sorbin in 37 digestive endocrine tumours: 14 intestinal carcinoid tumours and 23 endocrine pancreatic tumours including six insulinomas. METHODS: Two polyclonal antibodies against the C-terminal and the N-terminal sequences of porcine sorbin raised in rabbit were used to evaluate sorbin expression by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: In the human digestive tract, sorbin, characterised by both C-terminal and N-terminal immunoreactivity, was found in enterochromaffin cells of the gastric and intestinal epithelium from the pyloric junction to the descending colon. C-Terminal sorbin immunoreactivity alone was found in plexii from the enteric nervous system and in some insulin-containing cells of normal pancreas. C-Terminal and N-terminal antibodies disclosed sorbin in five of 14 intestinal carcinoid tumours; C-terminal antibody alone disclosed a C-terminal sorbin peptide in two of six insulinomas and three of 17 endocrine pancreatic tumours. The presence of sorbin was not associated with a specific clinical syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: Sorbin is present in the digestive tract in several forms. It is expressed in some intestinal and pancreatic endocrine tumours. (+info)
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors of the small intestine that expressed c-kit protein.
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We report two patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) of the small intestine that expressed c-kit protein (CD117). One was a 68-year-old woman with epigastralgia and vomiting. A submucosal tumor of the upper jejunum was detected, and partial resection was carried out. The histology revealed a GIST negative for CD34 but positive for CD117. The other was a 42-year-old woman with progressive anemia, melena and lower abdominal pain. Intussusception was detected, and a partial resection was carried out. A submucosal tumor of the lower jejunum was noted. The histology revealed a GIST positive for both CD34 and CD117. (+info)
Malignancy risk prediction for primary jejunum-ileal tumors.
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This work is aimed at identifying factors associated with primary jejunum-ileal tumors malignancy, defining a prediction model with sensitivity, specificity and accuracy to distinguish malign from benign neoplasms. These tumors are rare, have highly unspecific presentation and, frequently, are diagnosed late. We reviewed the charts of 42 patients with primary jejunum-ileal tumors treated in the Department of General Surgery of Rio de Janeiro State University Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, from 1969 to 1998. We performed bivariate analyses, based on chi 2 test, searching associations between tumors malignancy and demographic and clinical variables. Then logistic regression was employed to consider the independent effect of variables previously identified on malignancy risk. The malign tumors included 11 adenocarcinomas, 7 leiomyosarcomas, 5 carcinoids and 4 lymphomas; the benign tumors included 10 leiomyomas, 2 hamartomas, and single cases of adenoma, multiple neurilemoma and choristoma. The bivariate analyses indicated the association between malignancy and palpable abdominal mass (P = 0.003), period from signs and symptoms onset to diagnosis (P = 0.016), anemia (P = 0.020), anorexia (P = 0.003), abdominal pain (P = 0.031), weight loss (P = 0.001), nausea and vomit (P = 0.094), and intestinal obstruction (P = 0.066); no association with patients demographic characteristics were found. In the final logistic regression model, weight loss, anemia and intestinal obstruction were statistically associated with the dependent variable of interest. Based only on three variables--weight loss, anemia and intestinal obstruction--the model defined was able to predict primary jejunum-ileal tumors malignancy with sensitivity of 85.2%, specificity of 80.0%, and accuracy of 83.3%. (+info)
An insight into the genetic pathway of adenocarcinoma of the small intestine.
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BACKGROUND: Although the adenoma to carcinoma pathway in colorectal cancer is well described, the mechanisms of carcinogenesis in the small intestine remain unclear. AIMS: The aim of this study was to investigate candidate genes in the genetic pathway of adenocarcinoma of the small intestine. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 21 non-familial, non-ampullary adenocarcinomas of the small intestine were analysed. DNA was extracted from formalin fixed paraffin wax embedded tissue using standard techniques. The replication error (RER) status was determined by amplification of BAT26. The mutation cluster region (MCR) of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene was screened using polymerase chain reaction single strand conformational polymorphism and direct sequencing. Immunohistochemistry was performed on formalin fixed paraffin wax embedded tissue using monoclonal antibodies for hMLH1, hMSH2, beta-catenin, E-cadherin, and p53. RESULTS: Fourteen male and seven female patients with a median age of 64 years (range 21-85) presented with adenocarcinoma of the duodenum (10), jejunum (7), and ileum (4). One cancer (5%) was found to be RER+, and all tumours stained positive for hMLH1 and hMSH2. No mutations were detected in the MCR of the APC gene. beta-Catenin showed increased nuclear expression with loss of membranous staining in 10 cancers (48%). Absent or decreased membrane expression of E-cadherin was found in eight cancers (38%). Strong staining of p53 was found in the nucleus of five cancers (24%). CONCLUSION: We did not detect mutations in the MCR of the APC gene, and this suggests that adenocarcinoma of the small intestine may follow a different genetic pathway to colorectal cancer. Abnormal expression of E-cadherin and beta-catenin was common and reflects an early alternative to APC in this pathway in which mutations may be found in adenocarcinoma of the small intestine. (+info)
Ataxia in the setting of complicated enteropathy: double jeopardy.
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The differential diagnosis of subacute onset ataxia in the setting of enteropathy is wide. A 54 year old patient with a pancerebellar syndrome and known ulcerative jejunoileitis is described. Small bowel biopsy showed evidence of enteropathy associated T cell lymphoma and subsequent neuropathological analysis and immunophenotyping confirmed metastasis of this tumour to the cerebellum. The presence of anti-gliadin antibodies and MRI evidence of a more longstanding process suggested additional immunologically mediated cerebellar dysfunction. Lymphomatous involvement of the CNS is rare in patients with complicated enteropathies, and has not been previously reported to involve the cerebellar parenchyma. This diagnostic possibility should be borne in mind before attributing cerebellar dysfunction in patients with the coeliac related enteropathies to nutritional compromise or immunological dysfunction (gluten ataxia) alone. (+info)
Primary jejunoileal neoplasmas: a review of 60 cases.
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AIM: Primary neoplasmas of the jejunum and ileum are infrequent and lack specific manifestations and inaccessibility of conventional endoscopy, so the diagnosis of these tumors are usually delayed. So far the data of primary jejunoileal neoplasmas is still scarce, especially in Chinese medical literature in English. There may be some differences among the Chinese and the westerners in jejunoileal neoplasmas. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was made on clinical findings and pathological types. RESULTS: Of the 60 patients with jejunal or ileal neoplasmas, the most frequent symptom was abdominal pain (57 %), followed by tarry stool (43 %) and hematochezia (10 %). Abdominal mass (40 %) was the most common finding on physical examination, followed by anemia and weight loss (35 %). 67 % of the jejunoileal neoplasms were located in the jejunum. Among the malignant neoplasmas (68 %), malignant stroma (47 %) was most common, while the benign stromoma (20 %) was the most common benign neoplasmas. Preoperatively, 40 patients (67 %) were diagnosed as small bowel neoplasmas, of which 34 were found by enteroclysis. Abdominal mass was shown by CT in 18 cases and by ultrasonography in 13. The mean duration of symptoms before diagnosis was 7 months. In 41 patients with malignant tumors, the duration of symptoms before diagnosis exceeded 12 months in 21 cases, lymphatic or distant metastases were found in 26 (63 %)cases during operation. An emergency laparotomy was performed in 4 patients (7 %) owing to intestinal obstruction or perforation. CONCLUSION: Primary jejunoileal neoplasmas in Chinese present some difference from Westerners on clinical features and histopathologic types. Enteroclysis remains the major relevant diagnostic procedure in this study, the misdiagnotic rate is high preoperatively due to failure of detection by conventional imaging procedures such as CT and inaccessibility of routine endoscopy. For the suspected patients, combined application of aforementioned procedures may facilitate early diagnosis. The wireless capsule endoscopy may improve the diagnostic rate of jejunoileal neoplasmas in the future. (+info)