Prostaglandin E2 tablets compared with intravenous oxytocin in induction of labour.
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Stimulation of uterine activity after amniotomy has been carried out with prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) tablets in two dosage regimens and with intravenous oxytocin. Oxytocin stimulation was the most successful. The difference in success rate was most marked in nulliparous patients and those with low Bishop score. (+info)
Preparation of rapidly disintegrating tablet using new types of microcrystalline cellulose (PH-M series) and low substituted-hydroxypropylcellulose or spherical sugar granules by direct compression method.
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To decrease the sensation of roughness when a tablet, which is rapidly disintegrated by saliva (rapidly disintegrating tablet), is orally taken, we prepared rapidly disintegrating tablets using microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel PH-M series), a new type of pharmaceutical excipient that is spherical and has a very small particle size (particle size, 7-32 microm), instead of conventional microcrystalline cellulose (PH-102) used in the formulation of tablets containing acetaminophen or ascorbic acid as model drugs for tableting study. Tablets (200 mg) prepared using spherical microcrystalline cellulose, PH-M-06, with the smallest particle size (mean value, 7 microm) had sufficient crushing tolerance (approximately, 8 kg) and were very rapidly, disintegrated (within 15 s) when the mixing ratio of PH-M-06 to low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose (L-HPC) was 9:1. Sensory evaluation by volunteers showed that PH-M-06 was superior to PH-102 in terms of the feeling of roughness in the mouth. Consequently, it was found that particle size is an important factor for tablet preparation using microcrystalline cellulose. It is possible to prepare drugs such as acetaminophen and ascorbic acid (concentration of approximately 50%) in the tablet form using PH-NM-06 in combination with L-HPC as a good disintegrant at a low compression force (1-6 kN). To solve the problem of poor fluidity in the preparation of these tablets, we investigated the use of spherical sugar granules (Nonpareil, NP-101 (sucrose and starch, composition ratio of 7:3), NP-103 (purified sucrose), NP-107 (purified lactose) and NP-108 (purified D-mannitol)). Rapidly disintegrating tablets can be prepared by the direct compression method when suitable excipients such as fine microcrystalline cellulose (PH-M-06) and spherical sugar granules (NP) are used. (+info)
Pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen from rapidly disintegrating compressed tablet prepared using microcrystalline cellulose (PH-M-06) and spherical sugar granules.
(35/1213)
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the bioavailability of a drug from rapidly disintegrating tablets prepared using fine spherical crystalline cellulose (PH-M-06) and spherical sugar granules (Nonpareil, NP). Rapidly disintegrating tablets containing acetaminophen as the model drug in combination with a mixture of NP-108 (purified n-mannitol) and PH-M-06 were prepared. Plasma concentration profiles and pharmacokinetic parameters of acetaminophen in rabbits were investigated after oral administration of the prepared tablets. No significant difference in Cmax and AUC(0-infinity) of acetaminophen between rapidly disintegrating tablets and conventional tablets was observed after direct administration of these tablets into the stomach of rabbits. However, tmax (15 min) of acetaminophen from rapidly disintegrating tablets was significantly (p<0.05) shorter than that from conventional tablets (130 min). The same tmax was observed for rapidly disintegrating tablets and solution. When suitable excipients such as fine spherical microcrystalline cellulose (PH-M series) and spherical sugar granules (NP series) were used, rapidly disintegrating tablets could be prepared by the conventional direct compression method. According to the results of moment analysis, the mean residence time (MRT) obtained between both rapidly disintegrating and conventional tablets indicates that the mean absorption time (MAT) from these tablets is approximately 60 and 90 min, respectively. This difference in MAT between the two tablets may be caused by the difference in the sum of the mean dissolution time (MDT) and the mean disintegration time (MDIT) of these tablets. Rapidly disintegrating tablets allow rapid absorption of the drug compared with conventional tablets. (+info)
Rapid identification of Candida glabrata based on trehalose and sucrose assimilation using Rosco diagnostic tablets.
(36/1213)
We developed a simple method for the identification of Candida glabrata on the basis of the ability of this species to rapidly assimilate trehalose but not sucrose. After incubation of yeasts with Rosco diagnostic tablets containing sucrose or trehalose, identification of C. glabrata was achieved in 4 h with 100% sensitivity and specificity. (+info)
Indirect potentiometric titration of sulphamethoxazole in the presence of trimethoprim in co-trimazole tablets using copper based mercury film electrode.
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A simple and rapid indirect potentiometric titration of sulphamethoxazole in the presence of trimethoprim contained in co-trimazole tablets is described. The method is based on the formation of a complex of sulphamethoxazole with a known excess of silver ions and the titration of unreacted silver ion potentiometrically using an inexpensive lab-made copper based mercury film electrode (CBMFE). The titration conditions have been optimized for the determination of 1.0-10.0 mg of sulphamethoxazole in pure and dosage forms. The precision and accuracy of the method have been assessed by the application of lack of fit test and other statistical methods. Overall mean recovery and relative standard deviations obtained were 99.88% and 1.32% (n=7) respectively. No interference was caused by other excipients present in pharmaceutical dosage forms. The application of this method for sulphamethoxazole assay in the presence of trimethoprim in tablets was validated by the comparison of results obtained by the proposed method with that of the British Pharmacopoeia (BP) method using F- and t-statistical tests of significance. (+info)
Crushed prednisolone tablets or oral solution for acute asthma?
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In a randomised trial, treatment with prednisolone in two formulations (oral solution or crushed tablets) was compared in 78 young children with acute asthma. Prednisolone oral solution was better tolerated than crushed tablets (less vomiting, superior taste); clinical resolution was similar. (+info)
Rapid therapeutic response onset of a new pharmaceutical form of chloroquine phosphate 300 mg: effervescent tablets.
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OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficiency, safety and taste of two pharmaceutical forms of chloroquine phosphate 300 mg: effervescent tablets against uncoated tablets. METHOD: An open randomized study with 60 adults who suffered from acute uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in three health centres in Nkongsamba health district, Cameroon. RESULTS: Mean times to fever clearance, symptoms clearance and asexual parasites clearance were longer in the uncoated tablets group: 36 h (range 24-48 h, SD = 16.8) vs. 60 h (range 24-96 h, SD = 31.2, P = 0.001) for fever clearance, 36 h (24-48 h, SD = 16.8) vs. 48 h (24-72, SD = 24, P = 0.001) for symptoms clearance and 48 h (24-72, SD = 1) vs. 72 h (48-96, SD = 24, P = 0.001) for parasitaemia clearance. Uncoated tablets took significantly longer to achieve 50% reduction of the initial asexual parasite density: (mean/SD) 19.2 h/7 vs. 52.8 h/16.8, P < 0.00001. The adverse effects in the two groups were similar, P > 0.05. The cure rate at day 7 in the two groups was similar, P > 0.05. There was no chloroquine resistance in the effervescent tablets group but one RI and one RII resistance in the uncoated tablets group. The taste of the two pharmaceutical forms was significantly different, P < 0.00001. Effervescent tablets tasted sweet (score = 7.93), whereas uncoated tablets were bitter (score = 2.07). CONCLUSION: Effervescent tablets of chloroquine phosphate 300 mg work faster than uncoated tablets and because of their safe use and sweet taste achieve good therapeutic compliance. (+info)
Prevention of folate deficiency by food fortification. III. Effect in pregnant subjects of varying amounts of added folic acid.
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Maise meal fortified with folic acid was administered to subjects in late pregnancy in a daily dose of either 500 or 300 mug of folic acid. Changes in hematological and folate nutritonal status were compared to those in subjects receiving 300 mug folic acid/day in tablet form, and also in subjects in a previous study who received unfortified maize meal (control group) or meal containing 1,000 mug folic acid/day. In all groups receiving folic acid, red cell and serum folate levels rose progressively, and the rate of rise increased with increasing doses of folic acid. Maize meal containing a daily dose of 500 mug folic acid produced an effect similar to that of 300 mug daily in tablet form. Maize containing 300 mug added folic acid daily was effective in preventing the progression of folate depletion in late pregnancy. (+info)