A novel inhibitory effect of Antrodia camphorata extract on vascular smooth muscle cell migration and neointima formation in mice.
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Antrodia camphorata (AC) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine that has been shown to inhibit proliferation and migration of cancer cells. We examined whether AC could inhibit rat aortic smooth muscle cell (RASMC) proliferation and migration and evaluated its effect on neointima formation in mouse carotid artery after injury. In Transwell migration assay and wound scratch assay, RASMCs were treated with AC or saline, and the number of migrated cells was counted or the distance was determined. Both assays showed that AC significantly inhibited platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced SMC migration. In 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and 5-bromo-2' deoxyuridine (BrdU) proliferation assays, RASMCs were pretreated with AC or saline and stimulated with PDGF. Both assays showed that AC inhibited PDGF-induced SMC proliferation. The left common carotid arteries of C57BL/6 mice were ligated near the carotid bifurcation. The mice were given water or AC for 4 weeks. The severity of neointima formation was expressed as the neointima/media (N/M) ratio. The AC-treated mice had less neointima formation at 4 weeks after carotid ligation (N/M ratio, water versus 250 versus 1250 mg/kg AC; 1.33 +/- 0.87 versus 0.83 +/- 0.45 versus 0.63 +/- 0.32, P < 0.05).Our data indicate that AC is an effective inhibitor of PDGF-induced RASMC proliferation and migration. AC treatment reduced neointima formation in this mouse carotid ligation model. (+info)
Preferential blockade of dioxin-induced activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor by Antrodia camphorata.
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Halogenated and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are widely distributed pollutants in environments. These toxic substances activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and thereby cause a broad spectrum of pathological changes. Development of AhR inhibitors will be useful for prevention of diseases caused by AhR activation. Using the dioxin responsive element (DRE)-based sensing via secreted alkaline phosphatase (DRESSA), we examined effects of Antrodia camphorata, a mycerial extract, on the activation of AhR by halogenated and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. We found that Antrodia camphorata markedly suppressed activation of AhR triggered by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). In contrast, activation of AhR by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (benzo[a]pyrene and 3-methylcholanthrene) was inhibited only modestly by this mycelium. Similarly, Antrodia camphorata only mildly attenuated activation of AhR by cigarette smoke that contains polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Consistent with these results, Northern blot analysis revealed that DRE-driven exogenous and endogenous gene expression triggered by TCDD was abolished by Antrodia camphorata, whereas it did not substantially affect DRE-induced transcription triggered by benzo[a]pyrene, 3-methylcholanthrene or cigarette smoke. We also found that the inhibitory effect of Antrodia camphorata on TCDD-induced AhR activation was ascribed to neither down-regulation of AhR, down-regulation of the AhR nuclear translocator, nor up-regulation of the AhR repressor. These results suggest that Antrodia camphorata preferentially inhibits AhR activation and DRE-dependent gene expression triggered by dioxin. (+info)
Administration of polysaccharides from Antrodia camphorata modulates dendritic cell function and alleviates allergen-induced T helper type 2 responses in a mouse model of asthma.
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Macrophage mediated anti-proliferation effects of Anthodia camphorata non-polysaccharide based extracts on human hepatoma cells.
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It has been reported that medicinal mushrooms might induce different types of immune responses. Anthodia camphorata (A. camphorata) has attracted much attention for its therapeutic effects in treating hepatoma. We tested this anti-tumor effects using immunomodulation of macrophages and extracts of A. camphorata. We evaluated the anti-proliferation effects of various extracts of A. camphorata from fruiting bodies (AC-FB), mycelium of solid-state cultures (AC-SS), liquid-state cultures (AC-LS) and polyaccharide extracts from liquid-state cultures (AC-PS), and extracts of A. camphorata stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cell-conditioned mediums (MC-CMs). We measured cell proliferation and, did migration assays by cell cycle analysis and by observing apoptosis-related proteins (AKT, PARP-1, and NF-kappaB) and the mRNA expression of cytokines (TNF-alpha and IL-1beta) of macrophages in human hepatoma cell lines. Our results revealed that two of the extracts (AC-FB and AC-SS) had better anti-proliferation effects, implying an immunomodulatory role the macrophages might play. This outcome is consistent with findings that AC-FB and AC-SS increase mRNA expression of TNF-alpha and the corresponding expression of apoptosis-related proteins on activation of MC-CMs, while A. camphorata polysaccharides induce macrophage-derived anti-tumor activities in human hepatoma cells via IL-1beta and Akt activation. These results indicate that anti-tumor effects exerted by modulation of macrophage activation of A. camphorate may be influenced by the other constituents which (contained little or no polysaccharide) of A. camphorata. (+info)
Isolation and synthesis of a bioactive benzenoid derivative from the fruiting bodies of Antrodia camphorata.
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