Childhood lichen planus with nail involvement: a case.
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Childhood lichen planus is a very rare entity which is characterized by violaceous, scaly, flat-topped polygonal papules commonly involving the flexor aspects of the wrists and legs, and oral and genital mucous embranes. The incidence of lichen planus peaks between the ages of 30 and 60 years, where as children comprise only 2% to 3% of reported cases. We report a nine-year-old girl with widespread lichen planus, involving the nails, with no mucosal involvement and regressing after treatment with a starting dosage of 20 mg/day systemic flucortolon (Ultralan) therapy. (+info)
Onychomycosis due to Emericella quadrilineata.
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Nondermatophytic fungi are increasingly being reported as etiological agents of onychomycosis. We describe here a case of hand nail infection caused by Emericella quadrilineata (anamorph Aspergillus tetrazonus), a species not so far known to be an etiological agent of onychomycosis. (+info)
Pemphigus vulgaris with nail involvement presenting with vegetating and verrucous lesions.
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We report the case of a 68-year-old female with longstanding insulin-treated diabetes mellitus, observed for the first time in our department in August 1999 with multiple painful erosive lesions of the oral cavity and many bullous or erosive lesions on the abdominal wall, back, and thigh. She also had vegetating and verrucous lesions, similar to common warts, involving the hands and feet, mainly on the palms, palmar surface of the fingers, and nail folds. Her lesions were present for 1 year. Skin and mucous biopsies showed the characteristic histopathologic findings of pemphigus vulgaris, with an epidermal intercellular IgG deposition on direct immunofluorescence. Histology of a warty lesion of the finger also showed suprabasal acantholysis. After partial improvement with low doses of oral steroids and azathioprine, her disease progressed to involve the oral cavity, trunk, hands, feet, and scalp. Control of her disease required successive treatments of mycophenolate mofetil and cyclophosphamide, as well as corticosteroids. A partial response was obtained with all these treatments. After being controlled by cyclophosphamide that was slowly tapered, she is now well controlled with azathioprine and oral steroids, showing only discrete lesions of the oral mucosa after 1 year of followup. We report this case of pemphigus vulgaris with unusual clinical aspects, namely vegetating and verrucous lesions as well as nail involvement, rarely described in this disease. (+info)
Nail abnormalities: clues to systemic disease.
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The visual appearance of the fingernails and toenails may suggest an underlying systemic disease. Clubbing of the nails often suggests pulmonary disease or inflammatory bowel disease. Koilonychia, or "spoon-shaped" nails, may stimulate a work-up for hemochromatosis or anemia. In the absence of trauma or psoriasis, onycholysis should prompt a search for symptoms of hyperthyroidism. The finding of Beau's lines may indicate previous severe illness, trauma, or exposure to cold temperatures in patients with Raynaud's disease. In patients with Muehrcke's lines, albumin levels should be checked, and a work-up done if the level is low. Splinter hemorrhage in patients with heart murmur and unexplained fever can herald endocarditis. Patients with telangiectasia, koilonychia, or pitting of the nails may have connective tissue disorders. (+info)
Ankylosing enthesitis, dactylitis, and onychoperiostitis in male DBA/1 mice: a model of psoriatic arthritis.
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OBJECTIVES: To further characterise spontaneous arthritis in aging male DBA/1 mice as a model of spondyloarthropathy and psoriatic arthritis with particular attention to signs of inflammation and nail involvement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Aging male DBA/1 mice from different litters were caged together (4-6 mice per cage) at the age of 12 weeks, checked twice a week for signs of arthritis, and killed at different times. Hind paws were dissected and processed for histology. RESULTS: Disease incidence varied between 50% and 100% in four different experiments. Besides clinical signs of arthritis, nail abnormalities were noticed. Pathological examination showed the occurrence of dactylitis characterised by diffuse neutrophil infiltration in 6 of 50 paws examined. Onycho-periostitis with progressive destruction of the nail bed and the underlying distal phalanx was seen in 5 of 50 paws examined. CONCLUSIONS: Although dactylitis and onychoperiostitis are rare manifestations of the disease process, these data strongly suggest that spontaneous arthritis in aging male DBA/1 mice shares important features with human psoriatic arthritis. This model may therefore be an important tool to study links between stress, sex, inflammation, and new bone formation with particular relevance to human psoriatic arthritis. (+info)
A novel mutation in the second half of the keratin 17 1A domain in a large pedigree with delayed-onset pachyonychia congenita type 2.
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Pachyonychia congenita type 2 (PC-2), also known as Jackson-Lawler type PC, is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by hypertrophic nail dystrophy associated with focal keratoderma and multiple pilosebaceous cysts. We report a large Chinese pedigree of typical delayed-onset PC-2 that includes 19 affected members. Direct sequencing of PCR products revealed a novel heterozygous 325A-->G mutation in the affected members. This mutation predicts the substitution of asparagine by aspartic acid in codon 109 (N109D) located in the second half of the keratin 17 1A domain, where similar mutation in keratin 5 is associated with the mild Weber-Cockayne form of epidermolysis bullosa simplex. (+info)
Extended report: nail disease in psoriatic arthritis--clinically important, potentially treatable and often overlooked.
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OBJECTIVES: To examine the relationship between the severity of nail disease and characteristics of psoriatic arthritis (PsA). We also wished to assess the clinical management of nail disease in patients with PsA. METHODS: We studied 69 patients with PsA at two visits. On the first visit, a rheumatology assessment of joint, skin and nail disease was made. On the second visit, a detailed dermatology assessment of skin and nails was made. Nail disease was analysed using a 20-nail psoriasis nail severity score (PNSS). RESULTS: There were 57 (83%) patients with clinical evidence of psoriatic nail disease. Although 66 (96%) patients had been treated for skin disease, only one (1%) had received any treatment for nail disease. Severe nail disease measured by the PNSS correlated with severe skin psoriasis as indicated by the percentage of body surface area affected by psoriasis (r = 0.34, P = 0.004) and physician global assessment of psoriasis (r = 0.45, P<0.001). Patients with distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint disease had higher PNSS scores (P = 0.03). The PNSS was also associated with unremitting and progressive arthritis (P<0.001), and correlated with Stanford health assessment questionnaire (HAQ) (r = 0.34, P = 0.004), depression (r = 0.39, P<0.001) and anxiety (r = 0.34, P = 0.004) scores. Compared with dermatology assessment, the rheumatology examination of nail disease had a positive predictive value of 84% and negative predictive value of 83%. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with PsA, the severity of nail disease correlates with indicators of severity of both skin and joint disease. Although rheumatologists can adequately screen for nail disease, the management of this aspect of PsA is often overlooked. (+info)
Best evidence topic report. Prophylactic antibiotics for subungual haematoma.
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A short cut review was carried out to establish whether antibiotic prophylaxis is indicated after trephining of a subungual haematoma. Two papers were found using the reported search, of which neither presented any evidence to answer the clinical question. It is concluded that there is no evidence available to answer this question. Further research is needed. (+info)