Periarticular lesions detected on magnetic resonance imaging: prevalence in knees with and without symptoms.
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the prevalence of periarticular lesions in older persons with or without knee pain, and to assess the association of these lesions with knee pain. METHODS: Subjects ages 45 years and older, with or without knee pain, were recruited from Veterans Affairs medical centers and from the community. Weight-bearing posteroanterior, skyline, and lateral radiographs were obtained in all subjects. Subjects were divided into 3 groups: those with radiographic OA (ROA) and knee pain (n = 376), those with ROA and no knee pain (n = 51), and those with neither ROA nor knee pain (n = 24). A single knee (the more symptomatic one in subjects with knee pain) was imaged with a 1.5T scanner using T1- and T2-weighted and proton-density spin-echo imaging sequences. MRIs were read for the presence of periarticular lesions, which were categorized (according to their general location) as being either peripatellar (prepatellar, superficial infrapatellar, deep infrapatellar) or "other periarticular lesions" (semimembranosus-tibial collateral ligament bursitis, anserine bursitis, iliotibial band syndrome, tibiofibular cyst). RESULTS: Patients with knee pain had more severe radiographic disease than did subjects who were asymptomatic. Peripatellar lesions (prepatellar or superficial infrapatellar) were present in 12.1% of the patients with knee pain and ROA, in 20.5% of the patients with ROA and no knee pain, and in 0% of subjects with neither ROA nor knee pain (P = 0.116). However, other periarticular lesions were present in 14.9% of patients with both ROA and knee pain, in only 3.9% of patients with ROA but no knee pain, and in 0% of the group with no knee pain and no ROA (P = 0.004). CONCLUSION: Although peripatellar lesions are equally common among subjects with knee pain and those without knee pain, other periarticular lesions (including bursitis and iliotibial band syndrome) are significantly more common among subjects with knee pain and may contribute to pain in these individuals. (+info)
Valgus and varus deformity after wide-local excision, brachytherapy and external beam irradiation in two children with lower extremity synovial cell sarcoma: case report.
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BACKGROUND: Limb-salvage is a primary objective in the management of extremity soft-tissue sarcoma in adults and children. Wide-local excision combined with radiation therapy is effective in achieving local tumor control with acceptable morbidity and good functional outcomes for most patients. CASE PRESENTATION: Two cases of deformity after wide-local excision, brachytherapy and external beam irradiation for lower-extremity synovial cell sarcoma are presented and discussed to highlight contributing factors, time course of radiation effects and orthopedic management. In an effort to spare normal tissues from the long-term effects of radiation therapy, more focal irradiation techniques have been applied to patients with musculoskeletal tumors including brachytherapy and conformal radiation therapy. As illustrated in this report, the use of these techniques results in the asymmetric irradiation of growth plates and contributes to the development of valgus or varus deformity and leg-length discrepancies. CONCLUSIONS: Despite good functional outcomes, progressive deformity in both patients required epiphysiodesis more than 3 years after initial management. There is a dearth of information related to the effects of radiation therapy on the musculoskeletal system in children. Because limb-sparing approaches are to be highlighted in the next generation of cooperative group protocols for children with musculoskeletal tumors, documentation of the effects of surgery and radiation therapy will lead to improved decision making in the selection of the best treatment approach and in the follow-up of these patients. (+info)
Cystic adventitial disease: a trap for the unwary.
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Cystic adventitial disease is an uncommon condition. A case of cystic adventitial disease of the popliteal artery is reported in a young man who has been followed up for 14 years after surgical treatment. Early recognition and treatment of the condition will prevent progression to popliteal thrombosis and critical ischaemia. However, diagnosis of the condition is difficult. Characteristic features in the presenting history, such as fluctuation in severity of symptoms, sudden onset after vigorous activity and delayed recovery time after cessation of exercise are identified, which should help the clinician avoid misdiagnosis and delayed diagnosis of the condition. The clinician is also warned of the associated misleading clinical features such as the presence of normal peripheral pulses and normal ankle pressures in some cases of CAD. (+info)
Ultrasonographic scan in knee pain in athletes.
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Fifty-two knees were examined using real-time high-definition ultrasonography with a 7.5 MHz probe. The extra-articular structures were easily visualized and diagnosis of patellar tendon lesions and Baker's cysts formulated. While the meniscal cartilages were shown as a homogeneous triangular structure between the femoral condyle and the tibial plateau, no lesions were detected. Deeper intra-articular structures, such as the cruciate ligaments, were not shown by the scan, thus their evaluation was not possible. Given its low cost, wide availability, non-invasiveness and patients' acceptability of the technique, ultrasonography may play an important role in the diagnosis of soft tissue lesions in and around the knee joint. (+info)
Cystic adventitial disease of the popliteal artery: an argument for the developmental theory.
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Cystic adventitial disease is a rare non-atheromatous cause of popliteal artery disease. We report a case of a 54-year-old patient with claudication of the right calf caused by cystic adventitial disease. Intra-operatively, a communication between the adventitia and the knee joint was identified. Connections between the adventitial cyst and the nearby joint have been reported in the literature that support the developmental theory. This theory suggests that cystic adventitial disease is a developmental manifestation of mucin-secreting cells derived from the mesenchyme of the adjacent joint. This case is the first, to our knowledge, in which a communication between joint and adventitia has been clearly documented by operative findings. (+info)
Painful swollen leg--think beyond deep vein thrombosis or Baker's cyst.
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Sclerotherapy of Baker's cyst with imaging confirmation of resolution.
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BACKGROUND: Baker's cysts are commonly encountered in pain management practices. OBJECTIVE: To ascertain if sclerotherapy treatment of a Baker's cyst could produce objectively verifiable MRI imaging changes. DESIGN: Case report. METHODS: A 52-year-old white male with a posterior horn of the medial meniscus tear and a large Baker's cyst who had failed conservative care and drainage was imaged before treatment with sclerosing. Three injections of 12.5% dextrose and anesthetic with sodium morrhuate were injected intraarticular into the right knee after drainage. RESULTS: The Baker's cyst resolved on both postoperative imaging after the completion of care as well as on physical examination. CONCLUSIONS: Prolotherapy in this case study seemed to be an effective treatment for Baker's cyst in this patient. (+info)