Circumventing antivector immunity by using adenovirus-infected blood cells for repeated application of adenovirus-vectored vaccines: proof of concept in rhesus macaques.
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Adenovirus has been extensively exploited as a vector platform for delivering vaccines. However, preexisting antiadenovirus immunity is the major stumbling block for application of adenovirus-vectored vaccines. In this study, we found that freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), mostly CD14(+) cells, from adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5)-seropositive primates (humans and rhesus macaques) can be efficiently infected with Ad5 in vitro. On the basis of this observation, a novel strategy based on adenoviral vector-infected PBMC (AVIP) immunization was explored to circumvent antivector immunity. Autologous infusion of Ad5-SIVgag-infected PBMCs elicited a strong Gag-specific cellular immune response but induced weaker Ad5-neutralizing antibody (NAb) in Ad5-seronegative macaques than in macaques intramuscularly injected with Ad5-SIVgag. Moreover, Ad5-seropositive macaques receiving multiple AVIP immunizations with Ad5-SIVenv, Ad5-SIVgag, and Ad5-SIVpol vaccines elicited escalated Env-, Gag-, and Pol-specific immune responses after each immunization that were significantly greater than those in macaques intramuscularly injected with these Ad5-SIV vaccines. After challenged intravenously with a highly pathogenic SIVmac239 virus, macaques receiving AVIP immunization demonstrated a significant reduction in viral load at both the peak time and set-point period compared with macaques without Ad5-SIV vaccines. Our study warranted further research and development of the AVIP immunization as a platform for repeated applications of adenovirus-vectored vaccines. (+info)
Modification of one epitope-flanking amino acid allows for the induction of friend retrovirus-specific CD8+ T cells by Adenovirus-based immunization.
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Targeting the genital tract mucosa with a lipopeptide/recombinant adenovirus prime/boost vaccine induces potent and long-lasting CD8+ T cell immunity against herpes: importance of MyD88.
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Incidence of acute respiratory illnesses among enlisted service members during their first year of military service: did the 2011 resumption of adenovirus vaccination of basic trainees have an effect?
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This study analyzed the incidence of acute respiratory illnesses (i.e., upper respiratory illnesses, bronchitis and bronchiolitis, and pneumonias) during the first 12 months of service among enlisted members of the active components of the U.S. Armed Forces. Subjects were assigned to cohorts designated 1999 through 2012 corresponding to the years during which they entered service. The objective was to determine if the late 2011 resumption of administration of adenovirus vaccines to basic trainees was associated with a reduction in acute respiratory illnesses among the 2012 cohort. Because acute respiratory illness rates were considerably higher during the first three months than the rest of the first year of service, rates during the first three months and the next nine months of service were compared separately among the cohorts. In the 2012 compared to the prior year cohorts, incidence rates of hospitalizations for pneumonia and of outpatient diagnoses of the other two acute respiratory illness types of interest were lower during the first three months but not the next nine months of enlisted service. The findings suggest a protective effect of adenovirus vaccines during recruit training. Reasons for cautious interpretation of the results are discussed. (+info)
A single intraduodenal administration of human adenovirus 40 vaccine effectively prevents anaphylactic shock.
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