NRTIsProtease InhibitorStavudineNRTIEfavirenzAbacavirRetrovirNucleoside analogNevirapineIndinavirRegimensStop taking zidInhibit reverse transcriptaseLamivudine and zidovudineDrugsEnzymeTake zidovudineRitonavirInfectionEmtricitabinePharmacist if you are allergicTabletsMyopathyTrizivirEntry InhibitorsApproved in 1987RifampinPatientsPolymeraseIntegraseHypersensitivityPotentDoctor or pharmacistDoseReplicationHuman immun
NRTIs11
- There are two classes of drugs that target the HIV-1 RT enzyme, nucleoside/nucleotide reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs/NtRTIs) and non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). (wikipedia.org)
- Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) block the action of an enzyme called reverse transcriptase, which HIV needs to replicate. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Zidovudine is in a class of medications called nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). (medlineplus.gov)
- Lamivudine and zidovudine are in a class of medications called nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). (epnet.com)
- zidovudine or stavudine and lamivudine) and one nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (nevirapine or efavirenz), while second line consists of ritonavir-boosted lopinavir with two NRTIs. (uspharmacist.com)
- A section of the drug known as Zidovudine, also known as AZT which is a part of Nucleoside analogue reverse-transcriptase inhibitors NRTIs were the first of their kind to serve as a treatment for HIV. (healthjockey.com)
- Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) such as AZT (zidovudine)-the first drug approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to prolong the lives of AIDS patients-act by terminating the proviral DNA chain before the enzyme can finish transcription. (britannica.com)
- NRTIs are often given in combination with non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) such as efavirenz that act by binding to and altering the shape of the enzyme itself, thereby blocking the enzyme's function. (britannica.com)
- Our model correctly predicts for HIV-1 that resistance against nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) can be conferred by decreasing their incorporation rate, increasing their excision rate, or decreasing their affinity for the polymerase enzyme. (plos.org)
- Lamivudine and zidovudine belong to a class of medications called nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). (rxhealthmed.ca)
- Eligibility criteria For maternal outcomes, we considered randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing tenofovir-based regimens with those with alternative nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). (bmj.com)
Protease Inhibitor7
- By 1996, researchers had figured out that the use of a highly potent protease inhibitor with 2 other drugs could keep the virus suppressed and the disease at bay. (unr.edu)
- Because alternatives to the use of rifampin for antituberculosis treatment are now available, the previously recommended practice of stopping protease inhibitor therapy to allow the use of rifampin for TB treatment is no longer recommended for patients with HIV-related TB. (cdc.gov)
- Therapy should involve combinations of drugs-two nucleoside-analogue reverse-transcriptase inhibitors combined with either a protease inhibitor (PI) or a non-nucleoside-analogue reverse-transcriptase inhibitor. (medscape.com)
- In general, a protease inhibitor and two non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors should be used initially. (cdc.gov)
- Recommendations for PEP have been modified to include a basic 4-week regimen of two drugs (zidovudine and lamivudine) for most HIV exposures and an expanded regimen that includes the addition of a protease inhibitor (indinavir or nelfinavir) for HIV exposures that pose an increased risk for transmission or where resistance to one or more of the antiretroviral agents recommended for PEP is known or suspected. (cdc.gov)
- Lopinavir is an antiretroviral of the protease inhibitor class. (careexim.in)
- Insulin resistance (IR) is common in HIV-seropositive patients, particularly among those receiving protease inhibitor (PI) and is more prevalent among those with lipoatrophy or fat accumulation in the visceral region. (bvsalud.org)
Stavudine7
- HIV-infected adults enrolled in this cross-sectional study were (a) on ART including zidovudine or stavudine but not non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI), (b) on ART including NNRTI, or (c) not on ART. (nih.gov)
- Stavudine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor that is FDA approved for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection. (wikidoc.org)
- The association between hyperlactatemia and stavudine with or without didanosine was not biased by these medications being more recently available and, therefore, being given preferentially to patients who had prolonged use of nucleoside analog reverse-transcriptase inhibitors. (unige.ch)
- Lamivudine is a rare cause of liver test abnormalities or clinically apparent liver injury in patients with HIV infection without hepatitis B. Although several instances of lactic acidosis with hepatic steatosis and liver failure have been reported in patients receiving lamivudine, in all instances other nucleoside analogues more clearly associated with mitochondrial injury [didanosine, stavudine, zalcitrabine, zidovudine] were also being taken. (nih.gov)
- Several groups would identify factors associated with increased risk for lipodystrophy, including the use of stavudine (d4T), protease inhibitors, low nadir CD4 count, and age. (medscape.com)
- There is a relationship between diabetes and re-exposure to HAART, especially among individuals under therapy with stavudine, zidovudine, didanosine, and indinavir, while the risk is reduced in case of exposure to ritonavir and nevirapine. (bvsalud.org)
- It was also fueled by the fact that a lot of those early drugs, especially in the 1990s and early 2000s, were quite toxic - drugs like zidovudine (AZT) , stavudine (d4T), didanosine (ddI) , and the early protease inhibitors . (medscape.com)
NRTI5
- This was the NRTI called zidovudine. (wikipedia.org)
- This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of switching HIV-infected patients with stable viral suppression on nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor/nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI/NRTI) therapy to lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) monotherapy. (researchgate.net)
- In a systematic review of 30 studies from low-income settings in 2011 [ 5 ], 80% and 88% of children failing first-line ART had 1 or more International AIDS Society (IAS)-USA major nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) resistance-associated mutations, respectively. (prolekare.cz)
- fewer TB diagnoses were observed in children on maintenance triple nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) ART compared to standard non-NRTI + 2NRTI. (biomedcentral.com)
- Through mathematical modeling, we assess the mechanisms by which HIV-1 can develop resistance against nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI). (plos.org)
Efavirenz3
- 44 (23%) of whom were receiving efavirenz, 45 (23%) nevirapine, and 85 (44%) protease inhibitors. (nih.gov)
- Lamivudine is also available in multiple fixed combinations with other antiretroviral agents such as zidovudine, abacavir, tenofovir, efavirenz, nevirapine, dolutegravir and others. (nih.gov)
- Leading 100% Export Oriented Unit of zidovir tablets (zidovudine), teravir 300mg (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate 300mg), abamune-l abacavir and lemivudine tablets, lopimune lopinavir tablet, vonaday emtricitabine, efavirenz and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate tablet and trioday efavirenz, lamivudine & tenofovir tablet from Nagpur. (careexim.in)
Abacavir3
- Trizivir contains zidovudine, lamivudine, and abacavir. (aids.org)
- Trizivir (abacavir sulfate, lamivudine, and zidovudine) is a type of antiviral medication called a reverse transcriptase inhibitor used to treat HIV , which causes the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( AIDS ). (rxlist.com)
- Serious and sometimes fatal hypersensitivity reactions, with multiple organ involvement, have occurred with abacavir, a component of TRIZIVIR (abacavir, lamivudine, and zidovudine). (rxlist.com)
Retrovir2
- Zidovudine (Retrovir®, AZT) is a drug used for antiretroviral therapy (ART) . (aids.org)
- Viramune is in a class of drugs called reverse transcriptase inhibitors which includes zalcitabine (Hivid), zidovudine (Retrovir), didanosine (Videx), and lamivudine (Epivir). (1rx-pharmacy.com)
Nucleoside analog1
- It is a nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor, or nuke. (aids.org)
Nevirapine1
- Unlike zidovudine, nevirapine does not need to be converted to an active form and it does not compete with the compound (thymidine triphosphate) that is required by HIV virus to make new DNA. (1rx-pharmacy.com)
Indinavir1
- Indinavir belongs to the class of antiretroviral medications called protease inhibitors . (mediresource.com)
Regimens3
- Access to second-line ART regimens in developing countries is problematic, mainly because of the expense of HIV protease inhibitors (PIs). (lww.com)
- 95% confidence interval, 1.5-4.8), as compared with patients who received zidovudine-based regimens. (unige.ch)
- The mean time on ART was 75.5 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 69.0-81.9 months), and 93.7% of the patients were receiving non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based regimens. (who.int)
Stop taking zid2
- Do not stop taking zidovudine without talking to your doctor. (medlineplus.gov)
- If you miss doses or stop taking zidovudine, your condition may become more difficult to treat. (medlineplus.gov)
Inhibit reverse transcriptase2
- NNRTIs inhibit reverse transcriptase (RT), an enzyme that controls the replication of the genetic material of HIV. (wikipedia.org)
- Drugs that inhibit reverse transcriptase were the first treatments available to people living with HIV. (britannica.com)
Lamivudine and zidovudine16
- Lamivudine and zidovudine may decrease the number of certain cells in your blood, including red and white blood cells. (epnet.com)
- Lamivudine and zidovudine may cause muscle disorders, especially when used for a long period of time. (epnet.com)
- Lamivudine and zidovudine may cause life-threatening damage to the liver and a potentially life-threatening condition called lactic acidosis (buildup of lactic acid in the blood). (epnet.com)
- If you have liver disease your doctor will probably tell you not to take lamivudine and zidovudine. (epnet.com)
- Your doctor may test you to see if you have HBV before you begin your treatment with lamivudine and zidovudine. (epnet.com)
- If you have HBV and you take lamivudine and zidovudine, your condition may suddenly worsen when you stop taking lamivudine and zidovudine. (epnet.com)
- Your doctor will order certain lab tests during and after your treatment to check your body's response to lamivudine and zidovudine. (epnet.com)
- Although the combination of lamivudine and zidovudine does not cure HIV, it may decrease your chance of developing acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and HIV-related illnesses such as serious infections or cancer. (epnet.com)
- The combination of lamivudine and zidovudine comes as a tablet to take by mouth. (epnet.com)
- Take lamivudine and zidovudine at around the same times every day. (epnet.com)
- Lamivudine and zidovudine controls HIV infection but does not cure it. (epnet.com)
- or any of the ingredients in lamivudine and zidovudine tablets. (epnet.com)
- Lamivudine and zidovudine pass into breast milk. (rxlist.com)
- Lamivudine and zidovudine are used in combination to treat HIV infection by preventing reverse transcriptase from working properly. (rxhealthmed.ca)
- For adults weighing less than 30 kg (70 pounds), children below 12 years of age, and people with reduced kidney function, it is recommended that lamivudine and zidovudine be taken separately so each medication dose can be adjusted as needed. (rxhealthmed.ca)
- The effectiveness of the medication depends on the right amount of lamivudine and zidovudine in the bloodstream. (rxhealthmed.ca)
Drugs8
- Non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) are antiretroviral drugs used in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (wikipedia.org)
- The development of NNRTIs improved quickly into the 1990s and they soon became the third class of antiretroviral drugs, following the protease inhibitors. (wikipedia.org)
- These drugs block the reverse transcriptase enzyme. (aids.org)
- If you take zidovudine with other ARV drugs, you can reduce your viral load to extremely low levels, and increase your CD4 cell counts. (aids.org)
- New drugs have been tested by comparing them to zidovudine. (aids.org)
- Zidovudine can interact with other drugs or supplements you are taking. (aids.org)
- Protease inhibitors are the second class of antiretroviral drugs for the treatment of HIV. (chemicalland21.com)
- The drugs were from at least two different classes the newest one was called protease inhibitors. (hivtalk.net)
Enzyme4
- The most popular target in the field of antiretroviral drug development is the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) enzyme. (wikipedia.org)
- Protease inhibitors (PIs) impede another enzyme called HIV protease. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- This enzyme was named RNA-directed DNA polymerase, commonly referred to as reverse transcriptase. (britannica.com)
- Reverse transcriptase is the enzyme that the virus uses to form this new DNA. (1rx-pharmacy.com)
Take zidovudine4
- Infants 6 weeks of age and younger may take zidovudine every 6 hours. (medlineplus.gov)
- Take zidovudine exactly as directed. (medlineplus.gov)
- Continue to take zidovudine even if you feel well. (medlineplus.gov)
- If you take zidovudine and methadone, watch for zidovudine side effects. (aids.org)
Ritonavir1
- Conclusions Tenofovir/emtricitabine is likely to increase stillbirth/early neonatal death and early premature delivery compared with zidovudine/lamivudine, but certainty is low when they are not coprescribed with lopinavir/ritonavir. (bmj.com)
Infection9
- Cochrane Abstracts , Evidence Central , evidence.unboundmedicine.com/evidence/view/Cochrane/432835/all/Tenofovir_or_zidovudine_in_three_drug_combination_therapy_with_one_nucleoside_reverse_transcriptase_inhibitor_and_one_non_nucleoside_reverse_transcriptase_inhibitor_for_initial_treatment_of_HIV_infection_in_antiretroviral_na��ve_individuals:_Cochrane_systematic_review. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Zidovudine is used along with other medications to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. (medlineplus.gov)
- Zidovudine is given to HIV-positive pregnant women to reduce the chance of passing the infection to the baby. (medlineplus.gov)
- Zidovudine controls HIV infection but does not cure it. (medlineplus.gov)
- Zidovudine is also used along with other medications in certain situations to treat healthcare workers and other individuals exposed to HIV infection after accidental contact with HIV-contaminated blood, tissues, or other body fluids. (medlineplus.gov)
- TROGARZO, a CD4-directed post-attachment HIV-1 inhibitor, in combination with other antiretroviral(s), is indicated for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in heavily treatment-experienced adults with multidrug resistant HIV-1 infection failing their current antiretroviral regimen. (nih.gov)
- Zidovudine was approved in 1987 as an antiretroviral (ARV) drug for people with HIV infection. (aids.org)
- FUZEON is an HIV-1 gp41 fusion inhibitor indicated for use in combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in treatment-experienced patients with HIV-1 replication despite ongoing antiretroviral therapy. (nih.gov)
- Lamivudine is a nucleoside analogue and reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in the therapy of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. (nih.gov)
Emtricitabine1
- The most common comparison was tenofovir and emtricitabine versus zidovudine and lamivudine. (bmj.com)
Pharmacist if you are allergic1
- tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to zidovudine, any other medications, or any of the other ingredients in zidovudine products. (medlineplus.gov)
Tablets3
- Zidovudine comes in 100mg capsules and 300mg tablets. (aids.org)
- Maraviroc tablets are contraindicated in patients with severe renal impairment or end-stage renal disease (ESRD) (CrCl less than 30 mL per minute) who are concomitantly taking potent CYP3A inhibitors or inducers. (drugs.com)
- Each white to off-white, modified capsule-shaped, biconvex, film-coated tablets with deep breakline in between 'J' and '59' on one side and deep breakline on the other side, contains 150 mg of lamivudine and 300 mg of zidovudine. (rxhealthmed.ca)
Myopathy2
- Symptomatic myopathy associated with prolonged use of zidovudine. (drugs.com)
- The most serious side effects of zidovudine are anemia, myopathy and neutropenia. (aids.org)
Trizivir1
- Zidovudine is also available in Combivir and Trizivir. (aids.org)
Entry Inhibitors1
- People often take entry inhibitors when other treatments have not worked. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Approved in 19871
- It was called zidovudine or AZT, and was approved in 1987 by the FDA for treatment of AIDS. (unr.edu)
Rifampin1
- However, the use of rifampin with protease inhibitors or non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors is contraindicated. (cdc.gov)
Patients6
- Exacerbation of anemia has been reported in HIV-1/HCV co-infected patients receiving ribavirin and zidovudine. (drugs.com)
- HA486 trade name] should not be used for patients with clinically significant hypersensitivity to zidovudine or to any of the components in the formulation. (who.int)
- Some patients taking zidovudine continue to have nausea, vomiting, headaches and fatigue. (aids.org)
- If patients with severe renal impairment or ESRD receiving maraviroc (without concomitant CYP3A inducers or inhibitors) experience postural hypotension, the dose of maraviroc should be reduced from 300 mg twice daily to 150 mg twice daily. (drugs.com)
- However, if patients are receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART), rifabutin is preferred because it is less likely to induce cytochrome P-450 metabolic enzymes that lower serum levels of protease inhibitors and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. (msdmanuals.com)
- Nearly one third of patients had lipodystrophy, and, similar to earlier studies in high-income countries, univariable analyses showed that risk was associated with use of d4T, protease inhibitors, male sex, and increasing age. (medscape.com)
Polymerase1
- Lamivudine is phosphorylated intracellularly to the triphosphate which competes with the naturally occurring cytidine triphosphate for incorporation into the growing HIV or HBV DNA chain by the viral polymerase, thereby inhibiting polymerase (or reverse transcriptase) activity and causing chain termination. (nih.gov)
Integrase2
- Integrase inhibitors block this action. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Within the cell, HIV has a positive sense ssRNA genome that uses reverse transcriptase in order to copy itself into a DNA intermediate which is then integrated into the host genome using the viral protein, integrase. (mindthebleep.com)
Hypersensitivity1
- Hypersensitivity to zidovudine or any of the components (e.g., anaphylaxis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome). (drugs.com)
Potent1
- The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. (bvsalud.org)
Doctor or pharmacist1
- When your supply of zidovudine starts to run low, get more from your doctor or pharmacist. (medlineplus.gov)
Dose3
- The recommended dose of zidovudine for adults is 500mg to 600mg daily. (aids.org)
- If you get anemia, your health care provider might reduce your dose or switch zidovudine for another ARV. (aids.org)
- The recommended dose for adults and adolescents 12 years of age and older, weighing at least 30 kg, is one tablet (150 mg of lamivudine and 300 mg of zidovudine) twice daily. (rxhealthmed.ca)
Replication1
- Lamivudine, an analogue of nucleoside, is an inhibitor of reverse transcriptase used as an antiretroviral agent that inhibits replication of some retroviruses in combination with zidovudine in the management of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) reverse transcriptase and chronic viral hepatitis within cells. (chemicalland21.com)
Human immun1
- Reverse transcriptase is a part of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) required to infect cells and to make more viruses. (rxhealthmed.ca)