Yeast mitochondrial. Medical search. Frequent questions

The yeast mitochondrial code (translation table 3) is a genetic code used by the mitochondrial genome of yeasts, notably Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida glabrata, Hansenula saturnus, and Kluyveromyces thermotolerans. (wikipedia.org)
The molecular mechanisms and cellular components that mediate this mitochondrial inheritance are beginning to be elucidated through the analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants exhibiting specific defects in mitochondrial distribution. (rupress.org)
To explore the scope of RBPs across eukaryotic evolution, we determined the in vivo RBP repertoire of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and identified 678 RBPs from yeast and additionally 729 RBPs from human hepatocytic HuH-7 cells. (nature.com)
Here, we illustrate a protocol to precipitate the complex formed by human epitope-tagged AFG3L2 and paraplegin heterologously expressed in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae . (researchsquare.com)
In a screen for protein phosphatase homologs that functionally interact with the autophagy-dedicated protein kinase Atg1p in yeast, we have identified Aup1p, encoded by Saccharomyces cerevisiae reading frame YCR079w. (huji.ac.il)
In yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), complex III and complex IV are respiratory chain complexes capable of transferring electrons to oxygen converting it to water. (lu.se)

AFG3L2 and paraplegin are cognate ATP-dependent metalloproteases that constitute the m -AAA protease complex in the inner mitochondrial membrane. (researchsquare.com)
Mammalian cytochrome c oxidase (COX) catalyzes the transfer of reducing equivalents from cytochrome c to molecular oxygen and pumps protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane. (novusbio.com)
Coyne, L. and X.J. Chen (2019) Consequences of inner mitochondrial membrane protein misfolding. (upstate.edu)
The molecular machinery responsible for energy transformation is the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system, which is canonically composed of five multiprotein complexes embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane. (elifesciences.org)
This process results in the creation of a proton gradient over the inner mitochondrial membrane, which drives the ATP synthesis. (lu.se)

Mitochondrial proteins are degraded by autophagy in aged cells. (elifesciences.org)
Mitochondrial ribosomal proteins were studied best in yeast, where the small subunit was shown to contain about 35 proteins. (pasteur.fr)
Using a recently described affinity purification technique and tagged versions of yeast Ykl155c and Mrp1, we isolated this mitochondrial ribosomal subunit and identified a total of 20 proteins, of which 12 are new. (pasteur.fr)
For a subset of the newly described ribosomal proteins, we showed that they are localized in mitochondria and are required for the respiratory competency of the yeast cells. (pasteur.fr)
This brings to 26 the total number of proteins described as components of the mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit. (pasteur.fr)
Only 60% of yeast and 73% of the human RBPs have functions assigned to RNA biology or structural motifs known to convey RNA binding, and many intensively studied proteins surprisingly emerge as RBPs (termed 'enigmRBPs'), including almost all glycolytic enzymes, pointing to emerging connections between gene regulation and metabolism. (nature.com)
c ) Overlap of mRNA interactome proteins in yeast and HuH-7. (nature.com)
d ) Validation of the yeast mRNA interactome using western blotting of input samples and eluate after interactome capture with specific antibodies (ADH1, alcohol dehydrogenase 1, PUB1) or against TAP-tagged proteins (PGK1, phosphoglycerate kinase 1, TDH1, triose phosphate dehydrogenase, TRX2, thioredoxine 2, SHE2, Swi5p-dependent HO Expression 2). (nature.com)
These results show that oxidative stress contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction through oxidation of methionine residues in proteins located in different cellular compartments. (univ-lorraine.fr)
Meanwhile, fellow UW-Madison researcher David Pagliarini, co-author of the Nature Biotechnology paper, was using yeast knockout strains to investigate the function of unannotated mitochondrial proteins. (coonlabs.com)
The biogenesis of most proteins in the mitochondrial matrix and the inner membrane relies on the function of the TIM23 complex. (frontiersin.org)
The mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS) houses a large spectrum of proteins with distinct and -critical functions. (uni-koeln.de)
1)Mitochondrial Precursor Over-accumulation Stress (mPOS) - We discovered that mitochondrial protein import is readily saturable within the cell and that the cytosol has a limited capacity in degrading unimported proteins. (upstate.edu)
Various mitochondrial stressors, with or without directly targeting the core protein import machinery, can cause the over-accumulation of unimported proteins in the cytosol. (upstate.edu)
One method developed for making high ethanol yeast, for example, involves site-specific mutagenesis (see below) of regulatory proteins controlling a metabolic network for ethanol production, to make the yeast tolerate high levels of ethanol and glucose [2]. (i-sis.org.uk)
When too many or too few proteins move in and out of the mitochondria, energy production and mitochondrial survival can be reduced. (medlineplus.gov)
Many of the yeast subunits are homologs to proteins in higher organisms that are found associated with specific nuclear receptors such as THYROID HORMONE RECEPTORS and VITAMIN D RECEPTORS. (bvsalud.org)

Codon recognition rules in yeast mitochondria" (PDF). (wikipedia.org)
When expressed in S. cerevisiae , the S. pombe Mdm12p homolog conferred a dominant-negative phenotype of giant mitochondria and aberrant mitochondrial distribution, suggesting partial functional conservation of Mdm12p activity between budding and fission yeast. (rupress.org)
Additionally, exacerbated type I IFN responses triggered by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), failures in mitophagy, ER-mitochondria communication and mtROS production promote neurodegeneration. (frontiersin.org)
Studies on iron homeostasis in mitochondria: X-ray structures of yeast frataxin, a mitochondrial protein involved in iron storage and detoxification, also known as a factor in the neurodegenerative disease Friedrich's Ataxia. (lu.se)

Here, we show that MsrA and MsrB are involved in the regulation of mitochondrial function. (univ-lorraine.fr)
On the other hand, regulation of mitochondrial dynamics is essential for CNS health maintenance and leading to the induction of IL-10 and reduction of TNF-α secretion, increased cell viability and diminished cell injury in addition to reduced oxidative stress. (frontiersin.org)

The AUA codon is common in the gene var1 coding for the single mitochondrial ribosomal protein, but rare in genes encoding the enzymes. (wikipedia.org)
Essentially, the researchers hoped that by generating knockout yeast for large numbers of genes involved in mitochondrial function, they could use comparisons of the resulting proteome-wide changes to shed light on the unannotated genes. (coonlabs.com)
Of the 174 genes they looked at, 124 had been characterized, while the remaining 50 were uncharacterized but known to have mitochondrial functions. (coonlabs.com)
In yeast, 2 related COX assembly genes, SCO1 and SCO2 (synthesis of cytochrome c oxidase), enable subunits 1 and 2 to be incorporated into the holoprotein. (novusbio.com)
Yeast genetic manipulation is far more precise than can be achieved in crop plants, and the genes in yeast have been precisely altered by mutations. (i-sis.org.uk)
Twelve years ago, Japanese scientists reported that a transgenic yeast engineered for increased rate of fermentation with multiple copies of one of its own genes ended up accumulating the metabolite methylglyoxal at toxic, mutagenic levels [4]. (i-sis.org.uk)

This dual sorting mechanism is currently being investigated, and in yeast appears to be regulated by a recently discovered subunit, the Mgr2 protein. (frontiersin.org)

Interestingly, we found that Aup1p localizes to the mitochondrial intermembrane space and is required for efficient mitophagy in stationary phase cells. (huji.ac.il)
During electron transport, complexes I, III, and IV pump protons from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space, generating a proton gradient that provides the protonmotive force exploited by complex V to synthesize ATP. (elifesciences.org)

Mdm12p is the third mitochondrial outer membrane protein required for normal mitochondrial morphology and distribution to be identified in S. cerevisiae and the first such mitochondrial component that is conserved between two different species. (rupress.org)
Our findings suggest that ALC, used as therapeutic for stroke, myocardial infarction and neurodegenerative diseases, beside the well-known anti-oxidant effects, might exert protective effects also acting on mitochondrial morphology. (wellnessresources.com)

Here we probe these fundamental questions using peroxisomal compartmentalization of the last steps of lysine and histidine biosynthesis in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces japonicus . (biorxiv.org)
The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces japonicus provides an attractive stripped-down model for metabolic compartmentalization in peroxisomes. (biorxiv.org)
The fission yeast clade has lost the peroxisomal FA β-oxidation system. (biorxiv.org)

This gene is the human homolog of the yeast SCO2 gene. (novusbio.com)

Another newly identified ribosomal protein, Ygl129c, was previously shown to be a member of the DAP-3 family of mitochondrial apoptosis mediators. (pasteur.fr)
ALC can also prevent apoptosis in pro-apoptotic mutants, pointing to the importance of mitochondrial functions in regulating yeast apoptosis and aging. (wellnessresources.com)
Acetyl-L-carnitine protects yeast cells from apoptosis and aging and inhibits mitochondrial fission. (wellnessresources.com)

proteolysis_Mitochondrial ER Contacts Are Crucial for Mitophagy in Yeast. (proteolysis.jp)

Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F1F0 ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. (joplink.net)
Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F(1)F(0) ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. (joplink.net)
Mammalian mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) complexes are able to associate into quaternary structures named supercomplexes (SCs), which normally coexist with non-bound individual complexes. (elifesciences.org)
Mitochondrial respiratory chain organization does not seem to be conserved in all organisms. (elifesciences.org)

Mitochondrial protein degradation is not triggered by loss of mitochondrial membrane potential or oxidative stress. (elifesciences.org)
C ) Loss of mitochondrial membrane potential or oxidative stress does not activate autophagy-dependent Tom70-GFP degradation. (elifesciences.org)

Remarkably, almost half of the previously and newly identified mitochondrial ribosomal components showed no similarity to any known ribosomal protein. (pasteur.fr)

Attenuation of polyglutamine-induced toxicity by enhancement of mitochondrial OXPHOS in yeast and fly models of aging. (nih.gov)

This week, roughly three years later, Coon and his UW-Madison colleagues published in Nature Biotechnology one of the first large-scale studies taking advantage of the technique - a combined proteomic, lipidomic, and metabolomic analysis of 174 yeast strains, each having knocked out a single gene linked to mitochondrial biology. (coonlabs.com)
The UW-Madison researchers did more than 3,000 mass spec experiments, profiling the proteomes, metabolomes, and lipidomes of 174 single-gene deletion yeast strains in biological triplicate under two different conditions, fermentation and respiration. (coonlabs.com)
Life-span extension is significantly reduced in yca1 mutants as well in rho(0) strains, suggesting that the protective effects pass through the Yca1 caspase and mitochondrial functions. (wellnessresources.com)

Nonetheless their association with mitochondrial dysfunction highlights this organelle as an important player during CNS homeostasis and disease. (frontiersin.org)
Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with many aging-related neuromuscular degenerative diseases and metabolic disorders. (upstate.edu)

We reconstituted a stable, functional complex consisting of the iron donor, Yfh1 (yeast frataxin homologue 1), and the Fe-S cluster scaffold, Isu1, with 1:1 stoichiometry, [Yfh1]24[Isu1]24. (elsevierpure.com)

The S. cerevisiae Mdm12p was localized by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy and by subcellular fractionation and immunodetection to the mitochondrial outer membrane and displayed biochemical properties of an integral membrane protein. (rupress.org)

Metabolic engineering of yeasts for high ethanol biofuel production may generate toxic metabolites and pose unique threats to agriculture. (i-sis.org.uk)

Although its precise biological function remains unclear, its proximity to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) makes it an excellent candidate to participate in mtDNA replication, metabolism and maintenance. (mdpi.com)
3)We investigate the mechanism of mitochondrial DNA recombination, replication and repair in healthy cells and mtDNA instability in human diseases. (upstate.edu)

Characterization of some of the mdm mutants has indicated that mitochondrial inheritance is a specific, active process that depends on a number of novel cellular components ( Yaffe, 1996 ). (rupress.org)

The gating of this protein-selective pore has been extensively studied in patch clamp experiments on isolated mitochondrial membranes. (frontiersin.org)

Markers of Parkinson (PD) and Alzheimer (AD) diseases are able to induce innate immune pathways induced by alterations in mitochondrial Ca 2+ homeostasis leading to neuroinflammation. (frontiersin.org)
Disturbances in mitochondrial dynamics may influence many cellular and molecular pathways, as calcium-dependent immune activation, transcription factors phosphorylation, cytokine secretion, organelle transference and even cell death. (frontiersin.org)
Protein import into this mitochondrial sub-compartment is underpinned by an intriguing variety of pathways, many of which are still poorly understood. (uni-koeln.de)

Analyses of the mitochondrial hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD17B10) uncover the RNA-binding specificity of an enigmRBP. (nature.com)
We also determined the RNA targets of an RNA-binding mitochondrial enzyme and show its specificity in RNA binding. (nature.com)

Complex III and complex IV in yeast form supercomplexes to assist this process. (lu.se)
The structure and functional relevance of the yeast supercomplexes is however largely unknown. (lu.se)
In this work we solved the structures of the yeast supercomplexes using single particle cryo-electron microscopy at a resolution range of 3.2-3.5 Å. (lu.se)
This work reveals the overall architecture of the supercomplexes in yeast and how they differ from similar assemblies previously described in mammals. (lu.se)
Using the structural insight obtained in this study combined with yeast genetics, we hope to generate and characterize respiratory chains mutants that are unable to form supercomplexes, thus providing a greater insight into their overall function. (lu.se)

Chen, X.J. and Clark-Walker (2018) Unveiling the mystery of mitochondrial DNA replication in yeasts. (upstate.edu)

Mitochondrial biology, stress signaling and aging-related degenerative diseases. (upstate.edu)

Discovered at UW-Madison roughly 50 years ago, CoQ "is an essential molecule for mitochondrial ATP production and something that many mitochondrial disease patients are deficient in," Pagliarini said. (coonlabs.com)

Loss of vacuole function triggers mitochondrial protein degradation. (elifesciences.org)

Predicted to be involved in isoleucyl-tRNA aminoacylation and mitochondrial translation. (mcw.edu)

Abstract In this work we report that carnitines, in particular acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC), are able to prolong the chronological aging of yeast cells during the stationary phase. (wellnessresources.com)

We also adapted the mRNA interactome capture protocol to yeast (see Methods and Supplementary Fig. 1 ) using PAR-CL at 0.72 or 7.2 J cm −2 (ref. 8 ) with 4-thio-uracil. (nature.com)
Figure 1: mRNA interactome capture in yeast and HuH-7 cells. (nature.com)
a ) Schematic representation of the mRNA interactome capture protocol in yeast and HuH-7 cells using PAR crosslinking (PAR-CL) or conventional crosslinking (cCL). (nature.com)

Wild-type cells were treated with concanamycin A for 4 hr, stained with mitochondrial membrane potential fluorescent dyes DiOC 6 ( A ) or TMRM ( B ), and analyzed by flow cytometry. (elifesciences.org)
Representative images showing mitochondrial aggregation and fragmentation in FCCP and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) treated cells are shown. (elifesciences.org)
Here we identify a large set of RBPs that are conserved between yeast and human cells. (nature.com)
Inoculate yeast cells from a solid culture (agar plate) into 5 ml of YPD medium or appropriate selective medium supplemented with 2% (w/v) D-glucose and incubate at 28°C overnight with shaking. (researchsquare.com)
An ampoule containing viable cells (yeast cells, spores, or agar cubes with mycelia) suspended in cryoprotectant. (atcc.org)
We use yeast, cultured human cells and mouse as model systems to address these questions. (upstate.edu)
We also demonstrate that ALC attenuates mitochondrial fission in aged yeast cells, indicating a correlation between its protective effect and this process. (wellnessresources.com)

A ) Schematic illustration showing that loss of vacuolar acidity (2) through aging or concanamycin A (conc A)-mediated inhibition of the Vacuolar H + -ATPase (1) leads to loss of mitochondrial function (3) through an unknown mechanism. (elifesciences.org)
The growth of single MsrA or MsrB mutants on respiratory carbon sources was inhibited, and that of the double mutant was severely compromised, indicating impairment of mitochondrial function. (univ-lorraine.fr)
which underlies the importance of TIM23 to mitochondrial function. (frontiersin.org)
Dietary restriction, mitochondrial function and aging: from yeast to humans. (nih.gov)
We investigate how mitochondrial function deteriorates during aging and how mitochondrial damage induces cellular degeneration and neuromuscular degenerative diseases. (upstate.edu)

This diagram displays Gene Ontology terms (green) and subunits (blue) that are shared between the given macromolecular complex (black) and other yeast complexes (yellow). (yeastgenome.org)
The mediator complex was originally studied in YEAST where at least 21 subunits were identified. (bvsalud.org)

Recent research has revealed important correlation of mitochondrial dynamics and the pathophysiology of brain diseases, as Alzheimer's. (frontiersin.org)

Key role in aerobic respiration, in which mitochondrial enzymes accept electrons from electron carriers reduced in glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. (yeastgenome.org)

Before completion of cytokinesis, a daughter cell must therefore receive a mitochondrial mass sufficient for viability. (rupress.org)

Yeast genetic manipulation more precise than crop plants, but. (i-sis.org.uk)
[ 1 ] However, in children, this condition most often has an idiopathic or genetic origin, such as 22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome, autoimmune polyglandular syn-drome type 1 (APS1), hypoparathyroidism-deafness-renal dysplasia (HDR) syndrome, hypoparathyroidism-retardation-dysmorphism (HRD) syndrome or mitochondrial disease. (medscape.com)

Here, we discuss the importance of these mitochondrial dynamics during neuroinflammation, and how they correlate either with the amelioration or worsening of CNS disease. (frontiersin.org)

Exploiting Post-mitotic Yeast Cultures to Model Neurodegeneration. (nih.gov)

Anatomy26

Organisms24

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs103

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment23

Phenomena and Processes81

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science3

Health Care2

Saccharomyces6

Inner mitochon5

Proteins17

Mitochondria4

Regulation of mitochondrial2

Genes6

Subunit1

Intermembrane space2

Morphology2

Fission yeast3

Homolog1

Apoptosis3

Mitophagy1

Respiratory chain4

Oxidative stress2

Ribosomal protein1

OXPHOS1

Strains3

Dysfunction2

Frataxin1

Cerevisiae1

Metabolic1

MtDNA2

Inheritance1

Membranes1

Pathways3

Specificity2

Supercomplexes5

20181

Biology1

Deficient1

Vacuole1

TRNA1

Abstract1

MRNA3

Cells7

Function5

Subunits2

Correlation1

Enzymes1

Viability1

Genetic2

Dynamics1

Neurodegeneration1