• Structural changes in Mcm5 protein bypass Cdc7-Dbf4 function and reduce replication origin efficiency in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (yeastgenome.org)
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae (commonly known as baker's yeast) is a single-celled eukaryote that is frequently used in scientific research. (jove.com)
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae , otherwise known as baker's yeast, is one of the many model organisms studied in laboratories all over the world. (jove.com)
  • The research group of Dr. Fran-ois Robert, a researcher at the Institut de recherches cliniques de Montr-al (IRCM), in collaboration with the team of Dr. Daniel Durocher (Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute and University of Toronto) accomplished a technical breakthrough: they mapped all the fragile sites of a living organism, the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae . (news-medical.net)
  • Examination of the phenotypic impact of network perturbation across 14 environmental conditions using deletion mutant data from the baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae suggests that fitness in diverse environments is impacted by orthologous gene neighborhood and connectivity. (biorxiv.org)
  • Yeasts like Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolize carbohydrates into carbon dioxide and alcohols via fermentation, a process integral to baking and alcoholic beverage production. (microbiologynote.com)
  • Yeast, notably Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is often used synonymously with the term 'yeast', but it is just one of many species within the diverse Ascomycota and Basidiomycota phyla. (microbiologynote.com)
  • It's promising because the yeast they're sending, called Saccharomyces cerevisiae, "is an important model of human biology, especially in the areas of genetics, cellular and molecular replication and division processes, and DNA damage response to environmental factors such as radiation," according to NASA. (cnet.com)
  • Cells complete DNA replication and enter the ensuing mitosis on schedule, suffering extensive chromosome missegregation. (figshare.com)
  • Eukaryotic DNA replication initiates at multiple origin sites along each chromosome and terminates when replication forks (RFs) from adjacent origins converge. (elifesciences.org)
  • The origin recognition complex (ORC) is essential for initiation of eukaryotic chromosome replication as it loads the replicative helicase-the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) complex-at replication origins 1 . (nature.com)
  • Our results establish that ORC, in addition to its canonical role as the MCM loader, has a second crucial function as a master regulator of nucleosome organization at the replication origin, a crucial prerequisite for efficient chromosome replication. (nature.com)
  • Professor Forsburg studies how chromosome duplication and maintenance contributes to overall genome stability using a simple model genetic system, the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe . (usc.edu)
  • We have reconstituted chromatin replication with purified proteins, which is providing unprecedented insights into chromosome biology. (crick.ac.uk)
  • We are using this to understand the mechanism of MCM helicase loading and activation, how the replisome is assembled and regulated by protein kinases and how the DNA replication machinery interfaces with other aspects of chromosome biology. (crick.ac.uk)
  • http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201410061 ) report that DNA replication initiates at measurable frequency within the telomere of mouse chromosome arm 14q. (rupress.org)
  • However, at the end of the chromosome, the gap after removal of the 5′ terminal RNA primer on the lagging strand cannot be filled in, and the chromosome may become shorter with each ensuing round of replication. (rupress.org)
  • This high-density, quantitative genetic interaction map focused on various aspects of chromosome function, including transcription regulation and DNA repair/replication. (thebiogrid.org)
  • The Stillman lab searched for the protein(s) that start cell chromosome duplication, rather than virus genome replication. (cshl.edu)
  • We find that this type of non-canonical fork convergence in fission yeast is prone to trigger deletions between repetitive DNA sequences via a mechanism we call Inter-Fork Strand Annealing (IFSA) that depends on the recombination proteins Rad52, Exo1 and Mus81, and is countered by the FANCM-related DNA helicase Fml1. (elifesciences.org)
  • Fission yeast are unicellular, rod-shaped fungi that divide by medial fission. (cshlpress.com)
  • Studies using fission yeast were instrumental in identifying fundamental mechanisms that govern cell division, differentiation, and epigenetics, to name but a few. (cshlpress.com)
  • This laboratory manual provides an authoritative collection of core experimental procedures that underpin modern fission yeast research. (cshlpress.com)
  • The contributors describe basic methods for culturing and genetically manipulating fission yeast, synchronization strategies for probing the cell cycle, technologies for assessing proteins, metabolites, and cell wall constituents, imaging methods to visualize subcellular structures and dynamics, and protocols for investigating chromatin and nucleic acid metabolism. (cshlpress.com)
  • Modifications to techniques commonly used in related species (e.g., budding yeast) are noted, as are useful resources for fission yeast researchers, including various databases and repositories. (cshlpress.com)
  • The well-studied fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe is the focus throughout, but the emerging model S. japonicus a larger, dimorphic species with several desirable characteristics is also covered. (cshlpress.com)
  • This manual is an important reference for existing fission yeast laboratories and will serve as an essential start-up guide for those working with fission yeast for the first time. (cshlpress.com)
  • Stern, B. & Nurse, P. A quantitative model for the cdc2 control of S phase and mitosis in fission yeast. (nature.com)
  • Fisher, D. L. & Nurse, P. A single fission yeast mitotic cyclin B p34 cdc2 kinase promotes both S-phase and mitosis in the absence of G1 cyclins. (nature.com)
  • Fission yeast is a single-celled organism with chromosomes very similar to those in humans, and uses the same genes to maintain those chromosomes. (usc.edu)
  • Fission yeast is a simple, single-celled organism with chromosomes very similar to those in humans, and has proven to be an important model for cell division. (usc.edu)
  • As part of his research, Dr. Nakazawa treated fission yeast with ICRF-193 and observed the effects. (oist.jp)
  • When Dr. Nakazawa treated fission yeast with ICRF-193, he noticed that the cells appeared to have difficulty separating after DNA replication had occurred. (oist.jp)
  • Following treatment with ICRF-193, the mitotic spindles of fission yeast show an "arched and snapped" appearance during cell replication. (oist.jp)
  • Researchers can utilize this "arched and snapped" appearance to look for other drugs that affect fission yeast proteins in the same manner. (oist.jp)
  • The replication machinery and DNA-bound proteins of fission yeast are highly conserved and thus remarkably similar to other organisms, including humans. (oist.jp)
  • Because of this similarity, drugs that affect these proteins in fission yeast are likely to affect the related highly active proteins in human cancers. (oist.jp)
  • This research makes it plausible to use fission yeast in the place of human cells in the discovery process of novel cancer drugs. (oist.jp)
  • The top figure depicts the normal appearance of fission yeast following replication and subsequent separation. (oist.jp)
  • According to Dr. Nakazawa, "fission yeast is a relatively fast, easy to use model system that is low cost," making it advantageous for use in drug screens. (oist.jp)
  • Conservation and rewiring of functional modules revealed by an epistasis map in fission yeast. (thebiogrid.org)
  • An epistasis map (E-MAP) was constructed in the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, by systematically measuring the phenotypes associated with pairs of mutations. (thebiogrid.org)
  • We show that depletion of Top2 protein from budding yeast cells prevents DNA decatenation during S phase. (figshare.com)
  • CDT1 (Chromatin licensing and DNA replication factor 1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CDT1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a key licensing factor in the assembly of pre-replication complexes (pre-RC), which occurs during the G1 phase of the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
  • A high-resolution protein architecture of the budding yeast genome. (nature.com)
  • The emerging replication fork looks much like a zipper opening, with a protein complex in the role of a zipper slider and the two strands of the separating DNA molecule appearing like the two rows of teeth of the open zipper. (scienceblog.com)
  • The precise regulations of pre-RC protein levels and assembly are effective ways to prevent reassembly of de novo MCM2-7 onto the replicated origins to re-license and re-replicate the genomic DNA in the subsequent phases of the same cell cycle ( Figure 1) . (intechopen.com)
  • Changing protein-DNA interactions promote ORC binding-site exchange during replication origin licensing. (yeastgenome.org)
  • Rif1 controls DNA replication by directing Protein Phosphatase 1 to reverse Cdc7-mediated phosphorylation of the MCM complex. (yeastgenome.org)
  • Download DNA or protein sequence, view genomic context and coordinates. (yeastgenome.org)
  • Yeast DOS2 protein. (embl.de)
  • Because many yeast proteins are similar in sequence and function to those found in other organisms, studies performed in yeast can help us to determine how a particular gene or protein functions in higher eukaryotes (including humans). (jove.com)
  • Finally, the video describes some of the many ways in which yeast cells are put to work in modern scientific research, including protein purification and the study of DNA repair mechanisms and other cellular processes related to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. (jove.com)
  • By investigating the function of a given protein in yeast, researchers gain insight into the protein's function in higher eukaryotes, such as us, humans. (jove.com)
  • Dr. Nakazawa's research centered on the use of a specific anti-cancer drug, ICRF-193, which targets a protein called DNA topoisomerase II. (oist.jp)
  • These two copies of chromosomal DNA are pulled to different ends of the cell by a protein structure called the mitotic spindle. (oist.jp)
  • The SV40 T-antigen, the first protein the virus makes inside a host cell, is needed for the very first step of replication of the virus DNA. (cshl.edu)
  • When the ORC1 protein binds to DNA, it recruits CDC6, a protein that regulates and recruits other proteins, to a liquid phase and completes the ORC ring. (cshl.edu)
  • We have identified and characterised human and mouse cDNAs that encode proteins homologous to yPop4p, a protein subunit of both the yeast RNase MRP and RNase P complexes. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Taken together, these data show that we have identified a protein that represents the human counterpart of the yeast Pop4p protein. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Industrially, yeast plays a pivotal role in baking and brewing, and also serves as a source for protein, biofuel production, and the commercial synthesis of various enzymes and organic compounds. (microbiologynote.com)
  • A protein found in DNA replication complexes is also essential for ribosome biosynthesis, according to new results from Yi-Chieh Du and Bruce Stillman (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY). (rupress.org)
  • the spores undergo mitosis without DNA replication. (wikipedia.org)
  • The pre-replication complex (pre-RC) assembly or the DNA replication licensing is the first step in DNA replication initiation, characterized by the sequential recruitment of ORCs, Cdc6, Cdt1 and MCMs to the DNA replication origins to form the pre-RC at the end of mitosis ( Bell and Dutta 2002 ). (intechopen.com)
  • Asexual reproduction in yeasts predominantly occurs through mitosis , with many species employing budding. (microbiologynote.com)
  • Candida species may have two names that correlate to the growth state of the fungus: an anamorph name associated with asexual growth and replication (mitosis only) of the fungus and a teleomorph name associated with the sexual growth and replication. (cdc.gov)
  • Cytokinesis through incompletely segregated chromosomes causes lethal DNA damage. (figshare.com)
  • We aim to understand how the 46 chromosomes in our cells are precisely duplicated in each cell cycle, how this process responds to DNA damage and how it is misregulated in cancer. (crick.ac.uk)
  • Eukaryotic chromosomes are duplicated via semiconservative replication with a leading (continuous synthesis for net growth at the 3′ end of the nascent leading strand) and lagging (discontinuous Okazaki fragment synthesis for net growth at the 5′ end of the nascent lagging strand) elongating strand as shown in Fig. 1 . (rupress.org)
  • Stretching out the DNA in all 46 chromosomes packed into one human cell would make a string of DNA two meters long. (cshl.edu)
  • Tens of thousands of ORCs assemble simultaneously along the chromosomes and after assembly, they are sequentially employed to start replication. (cshl.edu)
  • Not only are ORC proteins involved in DNA replication, but they also help divide the chromosomes equally into the two new cells. (cshl.edu)
  • Recombination and Pol ζ Rescue Defective DNA Replication upon Impaired CMG Helicase-Pol ε Interaction. (yeastgenome.org)
  • In summary, our work provides fundamental insights into DDK structure, control and selective activation of the MCM2-7 helicase during DNA replication. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • During origin firing, the MCM helicase is activated, which involves a remodeling of the MCM ring to encircle single-stranded DNA, accompanied by assembly of a stable CMG (Cdc45-MCM-GINS) complex. (crick.ac.uk)
  • This regulation is important in preventing relicensing, thus ensuring that DNA is only replicated once per cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
  • A recent study from the Wilkens lab in collaboration with Seoul National University uncovered a novel mechanism of yeast V-ATPase regulation based on biochemical experiments and cryo electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of holo V-ATPase and Oxr1 bound V 1 subcomplex. (upstate.edu)
  • We discovered that the budding yeast Shu complex is a conserved regulator of DNA repair through a central role in Rad51 regulation. (nih.gov)
  • Rog O., Smolikov S., Krauskopf A., Kupiec M. The yeast VPS genes affect telomere length regulation. (utah.edu)
  • S. cerevisiae is a model organism commonly used in molecular biology to study basic cellular phenomena such as the regulation of gene expression , DNA replication or, as in the present case, DNA repair. (news-medical.net)
  • In unicellular organisms like E. coli and yeast, the benefits of between potential cost and benefit, regulation can make the most a well-adapted regulatory system are readily quantified, as the difference to the long-term growth rate if the resource in question fitness of an individual can be estimated by its growth rate in is only available a similarly small fraction of the time. (lu.se)
  • We found that disruption of the yeast Shu complex leads to cellular death specifically upon exposure to alkylation induced DNA damage. (nih.gov)
  • Because it's genome has been sequenced, its genetics are easily manipulated, and it is easy to maintain in the lab, this species of yeast has been an invaluable resource in the understanding of fundamental cellular processes such as cell division and cell death. (jove.com)
  • Over the next few decades researchers would use SV40 replication to discover dozens of cellular proteins that are necessary for human cell genome replication. (cshl.edu)
  • Modules within the network provide insight into cellular and genomic structure and function, such as genes functioning in distinct cellular compartments and DNA replication. (biorxiv.org)
  • The budding yeast coevolution network captures the hierarchy of eukaryotic cellular structure and function, provides a roadmap for genotype-to-phenotype discovery, and portrays the genome as an extensively linked ensemble of genes. (biorxiv.org)
  • Though Stillman admits the link between DNA replication and ribosome biosynthesis is speculative, he adds that it makes sense, as proliferation requires the replication of both the genome and the cellular machineries. (rupress.org)
  • In S. cerevisiae, more commonly budding yeast, Rad30 (pol η), Rev1, and Rev3/Rev7 (pol ζ) are the key polymerases in the TLS pathway, forming the cellular machinery that allows replication to bypass lesions in DNA. (tufts.edu)
  • This so-called recombination-dependent replication (RDR) helps ensure that DNA is fully replicated prior to sister chromatid segregation, thereby avoiding mitotic catastrophes. (elifesciences.org)
  • Donaldson, A. D. The yeast mitotic cyclin Clb2 cannot substitute for S phase cyclins in replication origin firing. (nature.com)
  • Recent breakthroughs have uncovered more and more DNA replication licensing machinery proteins (ORC, Cdc6, Cdt1, geminin, etc.) functioning in other cell cycle events, including centrosome replication, mitotic events, transcription and so on. (intechopen.com)
  • Instead of separating normally, the mitotic spindle appeared to continue to lengthen despite failing to fully separate the two copies of DNA, producing an arched shape until eventually snapping in the middle. (oist.jp)
  • Single-celled prokaryotes evolved a different method for replicating their DNA. (scienceblog.com)
  • Additionally, the human ORC has dynamic regions not seen in single-celled yeast. (cshl.edu)
  • A yeast cell is a single-celled, eukaryotic microorganism belonging to the fungus kingdom, characterized by its ability to ferment sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide. (microbiologynote.com)
  • The S. cerevisiae ORC binds to specific DNA sequences throughout the cell cycle but becomes active only when it binds to the replication initiator Cdc6. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • The term "yeast" is frequently synonymous with S. cerevisiae, though this does not reflect the full phylogenetic diversity of yeast species. (microbiologynote.com)
  • Commercial exploitation of yeast began in the late 18th century, with strains like S. cerevisiae and S. pastorianus being identified for brewing. (microbiologynote.com)
  • VSG switching is thought to occur predominantly through gene conversion, a form of homologous recombination initiated by a DNA lesion that is used by other pathogens (for example, Candida albicans, Borrelia sp. (nih.gov)
  • Collapsed forks can be rescued by homologous recombination, which restarts replication. (elifesciences.org)
  • 3)We investigate the mechanism of mitochondrial DNA recombination, replication and repair in healthy cells and mtDNA instability in human diseases. (upstate.edu)
  • Furthermore, the Atasf1ab-triggered replication fork stalling constitutively activates the DNA damage checkpoint and repair genes, including ATM, ATR, PARP1 and PARP2 as well as several genes of the homologous recombination (HR) pathway but not genes of the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway. (nih.gov)
  • Rad51 functions during the high fidelity homologous recombination pathway to find and invade a homologous template for repair and also during replication fork protection and restart. (nih.gov)
  • Yeast, a unicellular eukaryotic organism , belongs to the kingdom Fungi. (microbiologynote.com)
  • MALDI-TOF or DNA sequencing) may identify the organism only by its teleomorph name, which may not include the word Candida even though this organism is indeed a species of Candida . (cdc.gov)
  • Thus, Top2 depletion and inactivation kill cells by different mechanisms, which has implications for understanding the nature of the catenation checkpoint, how DNA replication terminates, how anti-Top2 drugs work, and how new drugs might be designed. (figshare.com)
  • 2022. Probing the mechanisms of two exonuclease domain mutators of DNA polymerase ε. (nih.gov)
  • We use a variety of human cell models to understand how the deregulation of normal replication control mechanisms leads to genomic instability and whether this plays a role in cancer biology. (crick.ac.uk)
  • If DNA is alkylated during replication, then the replication fork can stall or collapse, and many repair mechanisms can be utilized to tolerate, bypass, or repair the damaged DNA. (nih.gov)
  • Researchers have visualized the structure of this complex, dissected its mechanisms in starting DNA replication, and discovered other roles the ORC plays. (cshl.edu)
  • On the wrong DNA track: Molecular mechanisms of repeat-mediated genome instability. (stanford.edu)
  • Resistance in human pathogenic yeasts and filamentous fungi: prevalence, underlying molecular mechanisms and link to the use of antifungals in humans and the environment. (cdc.gov)
  • ype II topoisomerases are essential for resolving topologically entwined double-stranded DNA. (figshare.com)
  • Here we demonstrate that the introduction of a DNA double-stranded break (DSB) adjacent to the approximately 70-base-pair (bp) repeats upstream of the transcribed VSG gene increases switching in vitro approximately 250-fold, producing switched clones with a frequency and features similar to those generated early in an infection. (nih.gov)
  • However, scientists do not fully understand how cells unzip the double-stranded DNA molecule before replicating both halves of it. (scienceblog.com)
  • In a test tube, they brought together a set of DNA building blocks known as nucleotides, a double-stranded molecule of DNA and the enzymes essential to the process. (scienceblog.com)
  • The researchers in O'Donnell's lab took a close look at this essential asymmetry, which arises because the two strands of double-stranded DNA fit together head-to-tail. (scienceblog.com)
  • CDT1 belongs to a family of replication proteins conserved from yeast to humans. (wikipedia.org)
  • Replication fork barriers are a commonly encountered problem, which can cause fork collapse and act as hotspots for replication termination. (elifesciences.org)
  • However, replication restart is relatively slow and, therefore, replication termination may frequently occur by an active fork converging on a collapsed fork. (elifesciences.org)
  • Regardless of its precise form, collapse renders the fork incompetent for further DNA synthesis. (elifesciences.org)
  • RDR can initiate from a collapsed fork where the DNA is either broken or remains intact. (elifesciences.org)
  • For the first time, researchers in Michael O'Donnell 's Laboratory of DNA Replication have built a model that can enable scientists to study what happens at the "replication fork" - the point where the DNA molecule is split down the middle in order to create an exact copy of each side. (scienceblog.com)
  • In order to study the replication fork, O'Donnell and his laboratory needed to recreate the process in a simple model. (scienceblog.com)
  • Scientists also don't know what happens when the replication fork encounters an area of damaged DNA as it travels down the length of the molecule. (scienceblog.com)
  • Scientists already know the replication fork is assembled as a complex of numerous proteins that unwinds and separates the DNA into two individual strands. (scienceblog.com)
  • I believe this new tool opens up replication-fork biology to biochemical study by our own and many other labs, providing a new tool to unravel some pressing questions in a number of fields of study, including epigenetics and DNA repair," O'Donnell says. (scienceblog.com)
  • Recently, the group identified the centromere as a natural fragile site in the genome, particularly when the replication fork is disrupted. (usc.edu)
  • Taken together, our study establishes crucial roles for the AtASF1A and AtASF1B genes in chromatin replication, maintenance of genome integrity and cell proliferation during plant development. (nih.gov)
  • We have reconstituted the process of chromatin replication with purified proteins. (crick.ac.uk)
  • Yeast RNA polymerase II transcription factor B 73kDa subunit (TFB1), the homologue of BTF2. (embl.de)
  • These expansions depend on the processivity of DNA polymerase δ while being counteracted by Exo1 and MutSβ, implicating nick repair. (stanford.edu)
  • A highly error-prone DNA polymerase. (bvsalud.org)
  • DNA polymerase iota is an orthologue of yeast Rad30. (bvsalud.org)
  • Fig. 3: Effects of Orc1 mutations on cell viability, complex formation, origin DNA binding and MCM loading. (nature.com)
  • Fig. 4: Chromatin defects due to Orc1 mutations correlate with replication defects. (nature.com)
  • CDC6 then binds to ORC1, bringing the other molecules along, allowing replication to begin. (cshl.edu)
  • Tightly-controlled feedback loops between ORC1, CDC6, and a number of other molecules regulate the timing of replication. (cshl.edu)
  • Her interests are directed towards understanding the fidelity of human DNA polymerases in addition to studying proteins involved in mismatch repair processes. (nih.gov)
  • These deletions are caused by breakage at the repeat mediated by mismatch repair (MMR) complexes MutSβ and MutLα and DNA endonuclease Rad1, followed by end-resection by Exo1 and repair of the resulting double-strand breaks (DSBs) via nonhomologous end joining. (stanford.edu)
  • MSH2 is involved in the initial recognition of mismatched nucleotides during the replication mismatch repair process. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • It is thought that after MSH2 binds to a mismatched DNA duplex, it is joined by a heterodimer of MLH1 and PMS1 which together help facilitate the later steps in mismatch repair. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • DNA, which forms the genetic material of our cells, is continuously under stress challenging its integrity. (news-medical.net)
  • The manuscript has been extensively revised for clarity, especially with respect to the key similarities and differences that we observe between the orthologous gene coevolution network of budding yeasts vs. the genetic interaction networks constructed in single organisms. (biorxiv.org)
  • The repair of mismatched DNA is essential to maintaining the integrity of genetic information over time. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Genetic and Phenotypic Characterization of a Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis Emerging Strain with Superior Intra-macrophage Replication Phenotype. (cdc.gov)
  • These medications block HIV from entering human cells or block the activity of one of the enzymes HIV needs to replicate inside human cells and/or integrate its genetic material into human DNA. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Studies in yeast and animals indicate that ASF1 proteins play important roles in various chromatin-based processes, including gene transcription, DNA replication and repair. (nih.gov)
  • We also review the known pathways in which DNA replication, transcription, DNA repair, and chromatin state interact and thereby promote repeat instability. (stanford.edu)
  • Published September 5, 2007 transcription factors and replicating extra DNA, rather than going directly into growth of the cell. (lu.se)
  • Since the proteins involved in DNA replication are considerably more active in cancer cells than in normal ones, researchers have discovered that drugs which target these proteins will disproportionately affect the malignant cells. (oist.jp)
  • Each strand relies on a different enzyme, and, using the new yeast-based model, the researchers were able to explore how these two very different enzymes attach to the DNA in order to replicate it. (scienceblog.com)
  • In the 1980s, researchers who wanted to understand DNA replication in animals used viruses as a simplified model system. (cshl.edu)
  • Continuing with the theme of DNA replication, she joined the DNA Replication Fidelity group as an IRTA Postdoctoral Fellow at NIEHS. (nih.gov)
  • Its replication fidelity is template dependent and favors Hoogsteen base-pairing at its active site. (bvsalud.org)
  • DNA repair enzymes are highly conserved from bacteria to yeast to mammals. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Examples of orthologs in other species include: S. pombe - CDT1 (CDC10-dependent transcript 1) Drosophila melanogaster - 'double parked' or Dup Xenopus laevis - CDT1 DNA replication factor CDT1 has been shown to interact with SKP2. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Forsburg lab uses a mixture of classical genetics, molecular biology, and state-of-the-art microscopy to investigate how defects in replication contribute to genome instability during normal cell growth and during the differentiation process of meiosis. (usc.edu)
  • We were also able to detect spontaneous DSBs within the 70-bp repeats upstream of the actively transcribed VSG gene, indicating that a DSB is a natural intermediate of VSG gene conversion and that VSG switching is the result of the resolution of this DSB by break-induced replication. (nih.gov)
  • Here we compare the specificity of two budding yeast cyclins, the S-phase cyclin Clb5 and the M-phase cyclin Clb2, in the phosphorylation of 150 Cdk1 (Cdc28) substrates. (nature.com)
  • These enzymes came from the yeast fungus, which is a eukaryote. (scienceblog.com)
  • To understand V-ATPase's role in health and disease, the Wilkens lab studies the structure and mechanism of the enzymes from yeast and human. (upstate.edu)
  • Loss of function of DNA repair enzymes can lead to an accumulation of replication errors, resulting in a mutated phenotype. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • It is a member of the Y-family of DNA polymerases that are DNA DAMAGE tolerant and involved in translesion DNA synthesis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Semiconservative replication occurs before the action of telomerase. (rupress.org)
  • 2022. Ribonucleotide incorporation by eukaryotic B-family DNA replicases and its consequences. (nih.gov)
  • The structure of a yeast cell includes a distinct cell wall, granular cytoplasm, a prominent vacuole , and a nucleus. (microbiologynote.com)
  • Origin recognition complexes (ORCs) initiate the task of DNA replication throughout an entire genome in a controlled, temporal pattern. (cshl.edu)
  • These problems are being investigated in systems that range from bacteria and bacteriophage to yeast to human cells and their viruses. (berkeley.edu)
  • Distinctly larger than most bacteria, yeast is non-motile, lacking flagella or other locomotive structures. (microbiologynote.com)
  • Previously it was thought that DNA replication began at an origin in chromosomal DNA adjacent to the telomere repeats, with the replication forks moving bidirectionally away from the subtelomeric origin ( Fig. 1 A ), thus replicating the telomere. (rupress.org)
  • We then survey alternative DNA structures that are formed by expandable repeats and review the evidence that formation of these structures is at the core of repeat instability. (stanford.edu)
  • We then discuss possible reasons for the persistence of disease-causing DNA repeats in the genome. (stanford.edu)
  • Expansion of trinucleotide repeats, such as CAG/CTG repeats, is the cause of several neurological disorders and can result from mistakes during DNA replication and repair. (tufts.edu)
  • In chromosomal semiconservative replication, the short 5′ RNA primer is removed from the nascent strand and the gap is filled in by DNA that is ligated to the adjacent nascent DNA. (rupress.org)
  • Once the chromosomal DNA is separated, the cell begins to divide into two identical daughter cells. (oist.jp)
  • In spite of the activation of repair genes, an increased level of DNA damage was detected in Atasf1ab, suggesting that defects in the mutant largely exceed the available capacity of the repair machinery. (nih.gov)
  • Further experiments will be required to uncover the physiological role of the interaction suof Oxr1 with the V-ATPase, and whether the observations obtained for the yeast system are conserved in higher organisms, including humans. (upstate.edu)
  • While a yeast ORC can be found mostly in one stable form, ORC from insects (fruit flies) and humans can shift between one form and another. (cshl.edu)
  • Other yeasts, such as Candida albicans, are opportunistic pathogens in humans. (microbiologynote.com)
  • There are three biomarkers of effect currently being applied to measure PO exposure in humans: DNA adducts, hemoglobin adducts, and sister chromatid exchanges (SCE). (who.int)
  • We present a comprehensive gene coevolution network inferred from the examination of nearly three million orthologous gene pairs from 332 budding yeast species spanning ∼400 million years of eukaryotic evolution. (biorxiv.org)
  • Distinguished as eukaryotic microorganisms, yeasts encompass over 1,500 recognized species, forming about 1% of all described fungal species. (microbiologynote.com)
  • Yeast sizes vary, typically measuring 3-4 µm in diameter, although some species can expand up to 40 µm. (microbiologynote.com)
  • On the reclassification of species assigned to Candida and other anamorphic ascomycetous yeast genera based on phylogenetic circumscription. (cdc.gov)
  • Nucleosome-directed replication origin licensing independent of a consensus DNA sequence. (yeastgenome.org)
  • Based on the polysaccharide wall serology, use of nutrients, and DNA sequence, it is subclassified into C neoformans neoformans and C neoformans gattii . (medscape.com)
  • Forsburg takes a holistic approach to studying how DNA replication stress contributes to genome stability. (usc.edu)
  • The controlled assembly of replication forks is critical for genome stability. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Here we report the cryo-EM structure at 3.3 Å resolution of the yeast ORC-Cdc6 bound to an 85-bp ARS1 origin DNA. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • The structure reveals that Cdc6 contributes to origin DNA recognition via its winged helix domain (WHD) and its initiator-specific motif. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • The origin recognition complex (too small to be seen in this picture) is responsible for coordinating many parts of this DNA replication process. (cshl.edu)
  • and the contribution of chromatin-modifying proteins to replication and repair. (usc.edu)
  • DNA adducts are subject to DNA repair and necrosis of the cell, which will alter the cumulative dose estimate depending if the exposure is intermittent (allowing for DNA repair time) or constant (no DNA repair time). (who.int)
  • availability of large amounts (erythrocytes in whole blood), availability of methods for chemical identification (specific and sensitive), and the well-defined life span due to absence of DNA repair (Ogawa et al. (who.int)
  • By contrast, expression of catalytically inactive Top2 causes a stable G2 arrest requiring an intact DNA damage checkpoint. (figshare.com)
  • Checkpoint activation correlates with an inability to complete DNA replication, resulting in hypercatenated, gapped daughter DNA molecules. (figshare.com)
  • Yeast Stn1 promotes MCM to circumvent Rad53 control of the S phase checkpoint. (yeastgenome.org)
  • A yeast cell cycle pulse generator model shows consistency with multiple oscillatory and checkpoint mutant datasets. (duke.edu)
  • In her current position as a biologist, her focus on human DNA polymerases continues and expands towards studying genome-wide gene expression changes in yeast strains. (nih.gov)
  • The organelles of the secretory and endocytic pathway include the ER, Golgi network, endosomes and lysosomes or, the lysosome like yeast vacuole. (upstate.edu)
  • The vacuole within a yeast cell, which can vary in size based on the cell's activity, plays a significant role in cell metabolism and storage. (microbiologynote.com)