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Particulate MatterAir PollutantsParticle SizeAir PollutionVehicle EmissionsInhalation ExposureEnvironmental MonitoringEnvironmental ExposureOzoneCitiesNitrogen DioxideAir Pollution, IndoorSulfur DioxideCoal AshEpidemiological MonitoringSootSmokeRespiratory Tract DiseasesPolycyclic Hydrocarbons, AromaticDustCarbonFiresSeasonsUrban HealthIncinerationNeutral RedCarbon MonoxideSteelUnited States Environmental Protection AgencyOxidants, PhotochemicalCookingMaternal ExposureNerve Fibers, MyelinatedMeteorologyMeteorological ConceptsAerosolsAir MovementsMortalityWoodAir Pollutants, OccupationalWaste ProductsWeatherLungCoalFossil FuelsOrganic ChemicalsFiltrationNitrogen OxidesMotor VehiclesTobacco Smoke PollutionGasolineUrban PopulationMetals, HeavyRespiration DisordersVolcanic EruptionsAsthmaRomeTime FactorsBrainEnvironmental IllnessIndustryEnvironmental HealthHousehold ArticlesEpidemiologic StudiesExplosionsOccupational ExposureMagnetic Resonance ImagingCardiovascular DiseasesHousingVentilationGasesVolatilizationAnisotropyDiffusion Tensor ImagingModels, TheoreticalMacrophages, AlveolarRisk AssessmentSpectrometry, X-Ray EmissionTransportationRemote Sensing TechnologyCaliforniaWeldingUnited StatesAcid RainMetalsBiomassPolychloroterphenyl CompoundsAtmosphereSulfur OxidesPneumoniaVanadium CompoundsBronchoalveolar Lavage FluidAtmosphere Exposure ChambersPoisson DistributionMetallurgyRegression AnalysisLinear ModelsSmogLung DiseasesHumidity
PM2.5EmissionsConcentrationsPM10Average fine particulate matterExposure to particulate matter2022Organic matterConcentrationMicrograms per cubicPollutants2023Ambient20182019ParticlesFineInhalationMortalityMeasurementsAirborneEmission2020Ozone pollutionWildfirePremature deathCubicMeasuringLung diseaseDeathsCarbonReactivityEffectivenessLevelsDustDataEnvironmentalSamplesExperimentalConsiderableHealthGraduallyHarmfulNoxiousTotal2000UrbanMeasurementProliferation
PM2.511
  • Reported measures are the daily measure of fine particulate matter in micrograms per cubic meter (PM2.5) (µg/m³), the number of observations, minimum and maximum range value, and standard deviation. (cdc.gov)
  • Inhalation of particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 microns or less (PM2.5) can have a number of adverse effects on health and well-being. (cdc.gov)
  • Here we report unique in situ air quality data and tropical peatland fire emissions factors (EFs) for key carbonaceous trace gases (CO2, CH4 and CO) and PM2.5 and black carbon (BC) particulates, based on measurements conducted on Kalimantan at the height of the 2015 fires, both at locations of "pure" sub-surface peat burning and spreading vegetation fires atop burning peat. (knmi.nl)
  • Breast cancer risk increased by 28% when exposure to fine particulate (PM2.5) air pollution increased by 10 µg/m 3 . (medscape.com)
  • The increment is approximately equivalent to the difference in PM2.5 particulate concentration typically seen in rural vs urban areas of Europe. (medscape.com)
  • There is now strong epidemiological and biological evidence for the link between PM2.5 particulate exposure and cancer, and there are good clinical and economic reasons for reducing pollution to prevent cancers," said Jean-Yves Blay, MD, PhD, director of public policy for ESMO. (medscape.com)
  • Following a proposal from the European Commission in October 2022 to reduce the limit for PM2.5 particulates in the air from the current 25 µg/m 3 to 10 µg/m 3 by 2030, ESMO urged a further reduction in the PM2.5 limit to 5 µg/m 3 , in line with the World Health Organization's air quality guidance , according to the press release. (medscape.com)
  • Average daily density of fine particulate matter in micrograms per cubic meter (PM2.5). (countyhealthrankings.org)
  • The sensors applied in these two neighbourhoods currently measure two types of particulate matter, PM2.5 and PM10. (waag.org)
  • The annual average for PM2.5 is set at 5 µg/m3, and the 24-hour average at 15 µg/m3, which may be exceeded a maximum of 3 to 4 times per year. (tno.nl)
  • According to the WHO air quality guidelines, particulate matter concentrations shouldn't exceed the daily average limit of PM2.5 for more than 4 days per year. (tno.nl)
Emissions13
  • Exhaust Particulate Matter Emissions from In-Use Passenger Vehicles Recruited in Three Locations: CRC Project E-24," SAE Technical Paper 1999-01-1545, 1999, https://doi.org/10.4271/1999-01-1545 . (sae.org)
  • Over the years researchers have worked to determine the emissions from smoking hookah, measuring many parameters including particulate matter, nicotine, volatile carbonyls and many others. (bmj.com)
  • Emissions from major sources of particulate matter, such as vehicle traffic, have been reduced by among other measures, the introduction of diesel particulate filters and cleaner engines. (tno.nl)
  • Our estimates imply that the household head in Mexico would pay $443.66 to $2,682.92 (in constant 2000 Mexican pesos) or 46.90-283.61 (2000 dollars) for a one-unit reduction in Particulate Matter emissions per year. (springer.com)
  • This is the result of industrial and automobile emissions that affect the air quality and these emissions cause higher levels of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide, fine particulate matter and organic compounds like benzene. (springer.com)
  • Therefore, agencies such as the National Aeronautics and Astronautics Administration (NASA), Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) among others together with some academic institutions have been working to characterize both physical and chemical characteristics of the aircraft particulate matter emissions to further understand their effects to the environment. (purdue.edu)
  • The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is also working to establish an inventory with Particulate Matter emissions for all the aircraft turbine engines for certification purposes. (purdue.edu)
  • This steps comes as a result of smoke measurements not being sufficient to provide detailed information on the effects of Particulate Matter (PM) emissions as far as the health and environmental concerns. (purdue.edu)
  • The use of alternative fuels is essential to reduce the impacts of emissions released by Jet engines since alternative aviation fuels have been studied to lower particulate matter emissions in some types of engines families. (purdue.edu)
  • 6) All open-bodied vehicles transporting sawmill residues (sawdust, shavings, chips, bark) shall be covered with a tarp to achieve maximum control of particulate emissions. (texas.gov)
  • Since the latter are mainly placed in heavy traffic locations, emissions from traffic bear a significant influence on particulate matter concentration levels in ambient air. (gov.si)
  • The committee reviewed the health benefits analyses contained in the regulatory impact assessments (RIAs) prepared for the following EPA rule-makings: (1) "Particulate Matter and Ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standards" (EPA 1997), (2) "Tier 2 Motor Vehicle Emissions Standards and Gasoline Sulfur Control Requirements" (EPA 1999a), and (3) "Heavy Duty Engine and Vehicle Standards and Highway Diesel Fuel Sulfur Control Requirements" (EPA 2000a). (nationalacademies.org)
  • In the first step, EPA developed an emissions inventory for the year 2010. (nationalacademies.org)
Concentrations6
  • We review how climate change could affect future concentrations of tropospheric ozone and particulate matter (PM), and what changing concentrations could mean for population health. (nih.gov)
  • These fires resulted in some of the worst sustained outdoor air pollution ever recorded, with atmospheric particulate matter (PM) concentrations exceeding those considered "extremely hazardous to health" by up to an order of magnitude. (knmi.nl)
  • Even counties with low average fine particulate matter concentrations can experience days of dangerously elevated levels. (countyhealthrankings.org)
  • Air quality standards or guidelines for particulate matter should be based not only on 24-hour mean concentrations, but also on hourly data. (bmj.com)
  • Over 10 years, higher concentrations of total PM 2.5 -- particulate matter smaller than 2.5 microns in diameter -- were associated with greater rates of incident dementia (HR 1.08 per IQR of residential PM 2.5 concentrations, 95% CI 1.01-1.17), reported Boya Zhang, PhD, of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, and co-authors. (medpagetoday.com)
  • Two independent sample t -tests were done to compare significant mean difference between concentrations of particulate matter. (hindawi.com)
PM103
  • Smaller increases in breast cancer risk were also recorded in women exposed to high levels of larger particulate air pollution (PM10 and NO2). (medscape.com)
  • For SPM, 2 classifications are generally employed, i.e. total suspended particulate matter (TSP) and particulate matter less than 10 μm in diameter (PM10). (who.int)
  • Measurements of particlulate matter (PM10) concentration levels in several urban areas came into practice with the introduction of a new air quality monitoring network (i.e. (gov.si)
Average fine particulate matter2
Exposure to particulate matter3
20221
  • The map shows that all municipalities in the Netherlands too often exceeded the WHO's daily limit for particulate matter in 2022. (tno.nl)
Organic matter14
  • Particulate organic matter (POM) is a fraction of total organic matter operationally defined as that which does not pass through a filter pore size that typically ranges in size from 0.053 millimeters (53 μm) to 2 millimeters. (wikipedia.org)
  • POC refers specifically to the mass of carbon in the particulate organic material, while POM refers to the total mass of the particulate organic matter. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition to carbon, POM includes the mass of the other elements in the organic matter, such as nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen. (wikipedia.org)
  • Particulate organic matter is sometimes called suspended organic matter, macroorganic matter, or coarse fraction organic matter. (wikipedia.org)
  • Typically POC is considered to contain suspended and sinking particles ≥ 0.2 μm in size, which therefore includes biomass from living microbial cells, detrital material including dead cells, fecal pellets, other aggregated material, and terrestrially-derived organic matter. (wikipedia.org)
  • Soil organic matter is anything in the soil of biological origin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Simple assessment of total organic matter is obtained by measuring organic carbon in soil. (wikipedia.org)
  • Living organisms (including roots) contribute about 15% of the total organic matter in soil. (wikipedia.org)
  • What follows refers to the remaining 85% of the soil organic matter - the non-living component. (wikipedia.org)
  • As shown below, non-living organic matter in soils can be grouped into four distinct categories on the basis of size, behaviour and persistence. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dissolved organic matter (DOM): is the organic matter which dissolves in soil water. (wikipedia.org)
  • Particulate organic matter (POM): is the organic matter that retains evidence of its original cellular structure, and is discussed further in the next section. (wikipedia.org)
  • The major mass groups of PM 2.5 in the dry season were organic matter of biomass smoke origin (OM-smoke), secondary inorganic aerosol, organic matter of other origins than smoke (OM-others) and crustal. (aaqr.org)
  • Particulate Organic Matter data collected at 5m depth using Niskin bottles. (hakai.org)
Concentration9
  • The aim of this study was to determine if puff duration and flow rate have an effect on the characteristics of the mainstream emission from waterpipes, including total particulate matter (TPM), mass ratio of nicotine and mass concentration of volatile carbonyls. (bmj.com)
  • If a large concentration of harmful particulate matter is measured in a busy place in a big city, then the situation would call for more immediate action than if the same reactivity were observed along the motorway in an area with fewer people. (tno.nl)
  • The impact of PM 2.5 on people's life is obvious to all, so the concentration of particulate matter in the air has become an indispensable air quality index in human daily life. (hindawi.com)
  • It is urgent to monitor the concentration of particulate matter in the air and further use the monitored historical data to predict the concentration of particulate matter in a certain period of time in the future. (hindawi.com)
  • To examine the association of hourly time lagged concentration of ambient particulate matter and death due to stroke. (bmj.com)
  • Median 10-year total PM 2.5 concentration during follow-up was 11.2 μg/m 3 . (medpagetoday.com)
  • The indicator shows the number of days per year when the 24-hour limit concentration 50 µg/m 3 and the annual limit value 40 µg/m 3 were exceeded in the selected Slovenian urban areas that are most affected by pollution. (gov.si)
  • The data were collected using a pretested semistructured questionnaire and laser pm 2.5 meter for indoor particulate matter concentration. (hindawi.com)
  • The concentration of indoor particulate matter was higher in households using biomass fuel than clean fuel. (hindawi.com)
Micrograms per cubic1
Pollutants7
20231
  • MADRID - Fine particulate matter pollution in the atmosphere around homes and workplaces increases the risk for breast cancer , according to a new analysis of the XENAIR study presented at the European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO) 2023 Congress. (medscape.com)
Ambient6
  • We estimated exposure to ambient particulate matter pollution, household air pollution, and ambient ozone pollution, and their attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years in every state of India as part of the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2019. (nih.gov)
  • The death rate due to household air pollution decreased by 64·2% (52·2-74·2) from 1990 to 2019, while that due to ambient particulate matter pollution increased by 115·3% (28·3-344·4) and that due to ambient ozone pollution increased by 139·2% (96·5-195·8). (nih.gov)
  • Wearing a respirator is generally the most convenient individual intervention against ambient particulate matter (PM), and therefore there has been considerable research into its effectiveness. (ed.ac.uk)
  • 1 Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter increases premature death risk among people age 65 and older, even when exposure is at levels below the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. (countyhealthrankings.org)
  • Earlier this year, the EPA sought to tighten the national annual limit on particulate matter pollution by proposing updates to the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Fine Particulate Matter, aiming to lower the primary (health-based) annual PM 2.5 standard to 9.0-10.0 µg/m 3 , down from its current cutoff of 12.0 µg/m 3 . (medpagetoday.com)
  • Airborne particulate matter from primarily geologic, non-industrial sources at levels below National Ambient Air Quality Standards is associated with outpatient visits for asthma and quick-relief medication prescriptions among children less than 20 years old enrolled in Medicaid. (cdc.gov)
20181
  • Visit Sensirion at electronica 2018 (Booth 417, Hall B3) and learn more about the SPS30 particulate matter sensor, Sensirion's latest breakthrough in environmental sensing technology. (electronics-lab.com)
20191
  • charbroiling meat from domestic restaurants discharged 276.2 t year -1 which corresponds to 1.7% (NIER, 2019). (aaqr.org)
Particles7
  • The smallest particles do not contribute much to the mass of particulate matter in the air. (tno.nl)
  • Generally speaking, coarse particles with a particle size of 2.5 microns to 10 microns Mainly from road dust, etc., fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) below 2.5 microns mainly comes from the combustion of fossil fuels (such as motor vehicle exhaust and coal burning), volatile organic compounds, etc. (hindawi.com)
  • Standard tests for assessing vacuum cleaners tend to use particulate matter, meaning just different sizes of similar particles. (dyson.co.uk)
  • The TorFlex Transseptal Guiding Sheath Kit recall was announced by the FDA on September 23, after recognizing the potential for the sheath to extract particulate larger than 5mm from the dilator, potentially causing blockages if the particles enter the blood stream. (aboutlawsuits.com)
  • To find out, we individually interviewed 11 in-service secondary school science teachers (certified to teach chemistry and/or physics in secondary school, and with 2-30 years of teaching experience) regarding their arguments for the particulate nature of matter and experiments that could demonstrate the existence of particles. (diva-portal.org)
  • The experiments and arguments were used to corroborate the particulate nature of matter and taken for granted in advance rather than used to justify a model with particles. (diva-portal.org)
  • Particulate matter" means a combination of finely divided solid or liquid particles suspended in the air, of various physical and chemical compositions. (gov.si)
Fine14
  • The Outdoor Air Quality - Fine Particulate Matter data available on CDC WONDER are geographically aggregated daily measures of fine particulate matter in the outdoor air, spanning the years 2003-2011. (cdc.gov)
  • Data are available by place (combined 48 contiguous states plus the District of Columbia, region, division, state, county), time (year, month, day) and specified fine particulate matter (µg/m³) value. (cdc.gov)
  • In 1997, EPA promulgated standards for fine particulate matter that were the most stringent and expensive in the agency's 35-year history. (cei.org)
  • Urban restaurants that charbroil meat are a major emission source of fine particulate matter (PM) and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and receive frequent public complaints in large Korean cities. (aaqr.org)
  • In addition, the ratio of the PM 2.5 to the PM 10 was 0.98, and the correlation coefficient between the PM 10 and the particulate-phase PAHs was 0.95, suggesting a close relationship between the fine particle fraction and PAHs. (aaqr.org)
  • Our data showed a statistically significant association between long-term exposure to fine particlulate matter air pollution, at home and at work, and risk of breast cancer. (medscape.com)
  • This [finding] contrasts with previous research that looked only at fine particulate exposure where women were living and showed small or no effects on breast cancer risk," said Fervers in a press release issued before the Congress. (medscape.com)
  • The relationship between elevated air pollution (especially fine particulate matter and ozone) and compromised health has been well documented. (countyhealthrankings.org)
  • Almost 65,000 premature U.S. deaths were related to adverse effects of outdoor fine particulate matter, and minority populations and those living in poverty are more likely to be exposed. (countyhealthrankings.org)
  • Air Pollution - Particulate Matter is a measure of the fine particulate matter in the air. (countyhealthrankings.org)
  • Incident dementia was tied to exposure to fine particulate matter, especially air pollution from wildfires and agriculture, an observational study of 28,000 adults over age 50 suggested. (medpagetoday.com)
  • Given the extremely high levels of exposure during wildfires, these events are now thought to contribute up to 25% of our fine particulate matter exposures over a year across the U.S. and 50% in some western regions. (medpagetoday.com)
  • Fine particulate matter may affect cognitive function through neuroinflammation due to systemic inflammation stemming from lung irritation, the researchers noted. (medpagetoday.com)
  • To calculate these data, CDC is using EPA's BenMAP with modeled air data for fine particulates, death data from CDC's National Center for Health Statistics , population data from the U.S. Census Bureau , and information from scientific literature about the relationship between change in air pollution and how that influences health effects. (cdc.gov)
Inhalation2
  • Particulate matter inhalation impairs coronary microvascular reactivity. (cdc.gov)
  • Patients who are very near the fire source may have smoke inhalation injury, which is caused by thermal (superheated gases), chemical (e.g., particulate matter and other irritants), and toxic (e.g., carbon monoxide, cyanide) effects of the products of combustion. (cdc.gov)
Mortality2
  • Mortality data for five years (January 1990 to December 1994) were obtained from the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare of Japan. (bmj.com)
  • In 2006, the World Health Organisation (WHO) estimated that 24 % of healthy life years (LYs) lost and 23 % of premature mortality were related to environmental factors [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Measurements2
  • This technology, together with high-quality and long-lasting components, enables accurate measurements from its first operation and throughout its lifetime of more than eight years. (electronics-lab.com)
  • Shijiazhuang routinely recorded "beyond index" measurements of particulate matter in early 2013. (straitstimes.com)
Airborne1
  • This may be attributed to the fact that soil retains the cumulative signals of uranium atmospheric deposition, including the deposition of 235U-enriched airborne particulate matter deposited after atmospheric nuclear tests carried out in the second half of the 20th century. (bvsalud.org)
Emission4
  • Diesel particulate matter (DPM) is a particle emission from a diesel motor made of an elemental carbon core and various adsorbed organics compounds and other chemical components (Wichmann, 2007). (cdc.gov)
  • FTP-UDDS (urban dynamometer driving schedule) exhaust particulate matter (PM) emission rates were determined for 361 light-duty gasoline (LDGV) and 49 diesel passenger vehicles ranging in model year (MY) from 1965 to 1997. (sae.org)
  • This is in part due to natural particulate matter such as sea salt, but a major part of it is due to anthropogenic emission sources, such as road traffic and shipping. (tno.nl)
  • The researchers assessed 10-year means for total PM 2.5 and PM 2.5 from nine emission sources -- agriculture, road traffic, non-road traffic, coal combustion for energy production, other energy production, coal combustion for industry, other industry, wildfires, and windblown dust -- at participant residences for each month during follow-up. (medpagetoday.com)
20203
  • In 2020, vehicles emitted over 60 thousand tons of particulate matter among all motorized vehicles in China. (statista.com)
  • These data were collected as part of the International Year of the Salmon (IYS) Gulf of Alaska High Seas Expedition conducted in March to April 2020, to further improve the understanding of factors impacting salmon early marine winter survival. (hakai.org)
  • The 2020 fire season saw the first-ever single wildfire to burn over 1 million acres, with 44 days at the highest fire preparedness level (and 30 days higher than the 5-year average) when fire personnel and resources are extremely scarce. (cdc.gov)
Ozone pollution1
Wildfire2
Premature death1
  • This causes loss of healthy years of life and premature death. (tno.nl)
Cubic1
Measuring4
  • Measuring particulate matter by location is important and indicates where the health risks lie, as is the case here around Eindhoven city. (tno.nl)
  • We need to develop a suitable unit, a benchmark, that is measurable and which allows us to determine the health implications of a particulate mixture by weighing the reactivity of all components, in addition to measuring only particulate mass. (tno.nl)
  • Chemical reactivity indicates the degree to which a particulate matter can cause reactions in the body that can lead to illness or the aggravation of an illness, and **oxidative potential is a way of measuring some of these chemical reactions. (tno.nl)
  • Measuring the external health cost of particulate matter from road traffic and other sources in Stockholm, Sweden. (repec.org)
Lung disease1
  • Worldwide in the year 2000, 0.8 million deaths and 7.9 million disability-adjusted life-years lost from respiratory problems, lung disease, and cancer were attributed to urban air pollution ( World Health Organization 2002 ). (nih.gov)
Deaths2
  • Instead of preventing 20,000 deaths and saving $69 to $144 billion a year at a cost of $6.3 billion (for partial attainment), as claimed, the standards have cost at least $70 billion a year to implement, eliminated hundreds of thousands of jobs a year, and likely have cost lives (because of the huge cost) without providing any public health benefit. (cei.org)
  • Air pollution from using fossil fuels in industry, power generation, and transportation accounts for 5.1 million extra deaths a year worldwide, finds a new modeling study published by The BMJ. (medicalxpress.com)
Carbon2
  • Particulate organic carbon (POC) is a closely related term often used interchangeably with POM. (wikipedia.org)
  • Particulate organic carbon (POC) is operationally defined as all combustible, non-carbonate carbon that can be collected on a filter. (wikipedia.org)
Reactivity1
  • First of all, the health impact is related to the chemical reactivity* of the particulate mixture. (tno.nl)
Effectiveness1
  • In the Netherlands, we are on track to achieve the European particulate matter standard, although since 2015, the effectiveness of measures has declined. (tno.nl)
Levels3
  • Wildfires produce high volumes of smoke each year, leading to unhealthy air quality levels, sometimes hundreds of miles away from the fire. (cdc.gov)
  • In Mexico City, the ozone levels fail to meet World Health Organization standards at least 300 days of the year. (springer.com)
  • This may give you an idea of how many days per year you may be exposed to unhealthy levels of ozone. (cdc.gov)
Dust3
  • In fact, we have dedicated laboratories that analyse the components of household dust and spend millions of dollars each year on dust samples so that we know the machines we make are optimised to pick dust up properly - even the dust you can't see. (dyson.co.uk)
  • What kind of technology can be used to remove dust and its particulate matter? (dyson.co.uk)
  • We've been researching the technology around moving dust and its particulate matter from homes for well over 15 years. (dyson.co.uk)
Data5
  • The Wisconsin Tracking Program and the state's lead program had been collaborating for many years to share data and resources. (cdc.gov)
  • In order to study a BP neural network algorithm for air particulate matter data monitoring, firstly, the monitoring data collected by particle sensor using the light scattering method are proposed. (hindawi.com)
  • The Air Pollution - Particulate Matter measure is created based on air pollution data from monitors and modeled estimates. (countyhealthrankings.org)
  • Data were used only if the deceased was 65 years old or older at the time of death, if death was attributed to intracerebral haemorrhage or ischaemic stroke, and if the deceased lived in one of 13 major urban areas. (bmj.com)
  • Based on our data, teacher education and in-service teacher training, as well as teacher guides, were suggested to be more elaborate regarding contemporary knowledge, with direct experimental evidence for the particulate nature of matter being presented. (diva-portal.org)
Environmental2
  • When considering different environmental media, such as soil , snow /cryoconite, and riverine suspended particulate matter in the study area, the 235U/238U ratio in surface soil presents the highest values, pointing to a slight enrichment of 235U. (bvsalud.org)
  • On the contrary, riverine suspended particulate matter and glacial sediments are more influenced by the natural 235U/238U signature under modern environmental conditions. (bvsalud.org)
Samples1
  • Particulate matter, for quantification of TPM and nicotine, was collected on filter pads every ~5 L of aerosol resulting in 6 to 25 samples per session. (bmj.com)
Experimental1
  • Finally, through theoretical analysis and experimental comparison, the results show that the model based on BP neural network algorithm has good accuracy and generalization ability in the evaluation of air particulate index, which makes it possible to scientifically and accurately refine the evaluation and management of urban air particulate index. (hindawi.com)
Considerable1
Health6
  • Even if the particulate matter standard is met, this does not eliminate the health risks. (tno.nl)
  • The less particulate matter in the air, the better it is for the health of those who are exposed to it. (tno.nl)
  • However, not every particulate has the same impact on health. (tno.nl)
  • With air pollution studies, as a practical matter, exposure is estimated at the group level, while health outcomes are measured at the individual level. (cei.org)
  • We can achieve the greatest health impact by tackling particulate matter. (tno.nl)
  • The Independent Particulate Matter Review Panel, comprised of 20 air pollution and health experts cut out of the process by the Trump administration, met anyway and concluded that the current standards aren't adequate to protect public health, as required by the Clean Air Act. (yubanet.com)
Gradually1
  • In recent years, PM 2.5 has gradually become the primary pollutant of air pollution and an important standard for people to evaluate air quality. (hindawi.com)
Harmful1
  • In order to achieve this ambitious goal, we need to be more focused on tackling the most harmful particulate matter, according to Denier van der Gon. (tno.nl)
Noxious1
  • The China Academy of Sciences identified the province as a major source of noxious smog that hung over Beijing a year ago. (straitstimes.com)
Total1
  • A secondary analysis estimated that, if effects were causal, nearly 188,000 new cases per year of dementia in the U.S. were attributable to total PM 2.5 exposure. (medpagetoday.com)
20002
  • 35 years, of whom 184 523 developed incident stroke during follow-up from 2000 to 2017. (lu.se)
  • Based on this, we estimated the 10-year time-weighted mean noise exposure for 3.6 million Danes aged >35 years, of whom 184 523 developed incident stroke during follow-up from 2000 to 2017. (lu.se)
Urban1
  • As is clearly evident from Figure ZR8-1, particulate matter poses a serious problem not only in Slovenian urban areas but also throughout Europe. (gov.si)
Measurement1
  • Although studies were done on acute respiratory infections, the majority of studies neither clinically diagnose respiratory infections nor use instant measurement of particulate matter. (hindawi.com)
Proliferation2