Year phosphate trade governments western sahara company news morocco. Medical search. Frequent questions

WSRW condemns the four companies' continued support to the Moroccan government. (wsrw.org)
Most involved the last years have been Enel, Siemens Gamesa and General Electric, through construction of energy infrastructure for the Moroccan government. (wsrw.org)
In 2002 the Moroccan company Office Chérifien des Phosphates (OCP)-a state-owned phosphate exporter-started the building of an air quality research laboratory at Jorf Lasfar. (wikipedia.org)
The Moroccan government was interested in building the plant at least since 2001, when the United States Trade and Development Agency supplied $250,000 for preliminary studies. (wikipedia.org)
Morocco: Moroccan phosphates' lates JV in Indian link" (Nov/Dec 2000). (wikipedia.org)
Moroccan phosphate solution hinges on desal" (Nov. 2009). (wikipedia.org)
Advocacy groups like the Western Sahara Resource Watch (WSRW) contest the legality of foreign businesses, like Kosmos, working with the Moroccan government to exploit Western Saharan resources. (ipsnews.net)
WASHINGTON, Mar 11 2014 (IPS) - Even as U.S. and Moroccan executives meet to discuss strengthening private sector ties between the two countries, advocacy groups are raising concerns about plans by a U.S. energy firm to explore for oil in the contested territory known as Western Sahara. (ipsnews.net)
The Moroccan government hopes to capitalise on its 2006 free trade agreement with the United States and encourage U.S. investment in the country by presenting it as a gateway to European, Middle Eastern and African markets. (ipsnews.net)
There's a lot going on in Morocco, and the question is how can it leverage what it has to attract American investments to Morocco that can then be directed to a European market or south to the African markets," Jean AbiNader, the executive director of the Moroccan American Trade and Investment Centre, a non-profit established by Morocco's King Mohammed VI, told IPS. (ipsnews.net)
While international investors in renewable energy have long favoured Morocco, enabling the construction of solar plants and wind farms, U.S. and European corporations are also rushing to take advantage of concessions for possible oil reserves, some of which are potentially located in the Western Sahara, which many people view as under Moroccan occupation. (ipsnews.net)
Sahrawis [indigenous Western Saharans] are standing on the sidelines of this project, waving their arms and telling companies to stop doing this on behalf of the Moroccan government. (ipsnews.net)
Unlike Morocco, the Polisario Front did not want to allow Moroccan settlers in the Western Sahara to participate in the referendum. (ipsnews.net)
To date, no other state recognises Moroccan sovereignty over the Western Sahara, which is on the United Nations list of Non Self-Governing Territories. (ipsnews.net)
Moroccan forces currently occupy over 80% of SADR, also known as Western Sahara, which remains classified by the UN as among the last countries still awaiting decolonization. (atlasofwars.com)
On December 10, 2020, the Donald Trump administration in the US announced that "the United States recognizes Moroccan sovereignty over the entire Western Sahara territory. (atlasofwars.com)
The US government's approval of Moroccan occupation of Western Sahara came in exchange for its normalization of diplomatic relations with Israel on the same day. (atlasofwars.com)
Former colonizer of the territory, Spain, which had handed over the territory of Western Sahara to the invading Moroccan forces in 1975, once again in March 2022 rescinded recognition of SADR and accepted Morocco's claim of sovereignty over the territory. (atlasofwars.com)
The Sahrawi have little access to these resources, as many of the workers are Moroccan citizens who immigrated to Western Sahara to work in the industries. (iijd.org)
Resources originating from the territory of Western Sahara are marketed by the Moroccan government as originating from Morocco, and companies wishing to take advantage of the resources present in the territory contract through the Moroccan government or Moroccan businesses. (iijd.org)
The Moroccan government controls the entirety of the coastline, preventing many Sahrawi from fishing, a lucrative industry. (iijd.org)
Moroccan controlled mines employ predominantly Moroccan employees, take phosphorus belonging to the Sahrawi and sell it to foreign companies under the Moroccan name. (iijd.org)
The Moroccan occupation of most of SADR's territory since 1975 has been receiving increasing Western support, despite a consensus in international law that Morocco has no legitimate territorial claims over SADR, whose right to self-determination is well-recognized. (towardfreedom.org)
Nevertheless, in late 2020, then-U.S. President Donald Trump had announced his decision to open a consulate in occupied Western Sahara, in effect recognizing it as Moroccan sovereign territory. (towardfreedom.org)
The Campaign to End the Moroccan Occupation of the Western Sahara in partnership with the Institute of the Black World 21st Century and Pan African Unity Dialogue sponsored the webinar. (finalcall.com)
The aim was to break the silence on the Western Sahara," explained Mr. Fletcher, who is also co-coordinator of the Campaign to End the Moroccan Occupation of the Western Sahara. (finalcall.com)
To date, large parts of Western Sahara are controlled by the Moroccan Governmentand known as the Southern Provinces, whereas some 20% of the Western Sahara territory remains controlled by the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR). (techsb.ca)
The area 446550km2 excludes all disputed territories, while 710850km2 includes the Moroccan-claimed and partially-controlled parts of Western Sahara (claimed as the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic by the Polisario Front ). (explained.today)
The region constituting Morocco has been inhabited since the Paleolithic era over 300,000 years ago, and the first Moroccan state was established by Idris I in 788. (explained.today)
While no other country than the United States has ever recognized Morocco's unilateral annexation of Western Sahara , [2] [3] a number of countries have expressed their support for a future recognition of Moroccan sovereignty over the territory as an autonomous part of the Kingdom . (decisivechro276.cfd)
The UN recognizes neither Moroccan [5] nor SADR sovereignty over Western Sahara. (decisivechro276.cfd)
Moroccan settlers currently make up more than two thirds of the 500,000 inhabitants of Western Sahara . (decisivechro276.cfd)
According to the Moroccan government, in 1958 the Moroccan Army of Liberation fought Spanish colonizers and almost liberated what was then Spanish Sahara. (decisivechro276.cfd)

Morocco's illegal exports of phosphate rock through a controversial conveyor belt has been targeted by what is claimed to be a bomb. (wsrw.org)
As Continental renegotiates its contract with Morocco's national phosphate company, it is still not clear whether the German group intends to limit its operations to Morocco proper or extend them into occupied Western Sahara. (wsrw.org)
The city is home to the largest independent power station in the country-primarily funded by investments from the Swedish-Swiss company ABB Group and the American company CMS Energy-which was thought to be capable of creating a third of Morocco's total power output. (wikipedia.org)
According to the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the UN Security Council has not recognised Morocco's annexation of Western Sahara, and Norway sees it as important to abstain from actions that can be seen as a legitimisation of the situation. (vest-sahara.no)
At this week's conference, participating energy companies, such as Dow Chemical, were given the option to attend sessions on Morocco's energy sector, highlighting the potential for both renewable and carbon-based investment in the kingdom. (ipsnews.net)
Since Joe Biden took office in January 2021, the endorsement of Morocco's occupation of Western Sahara has been reiterated. (atlasofwars.com)
Panelists said the Biden administration has not undone former President Donald Trump's recognition of Morocco's claim to the Western Sahara, emboldening the kingdom, which was applauded by the U.S. for expanding diplomatic relations with Israel. (finalcall.com)
In exchange, the U.S. would not oppose the kingdom's grip on Western Sahara and support Morocco's relationship with Israel. (finalcall.com)

WSRW's latest annual report of the trade , containing the trade data of 2022, shows that four importing companies in the three countries received 92 percent of the exported minerals. (wsrw.org)
Dredging has since improved access, but the construction of new facilities would take years ( Middle East Eye , September 30, 2022). (aberfoylesecurity.com)
Remarks at International Women's Day: Turning Toward the Future REMARKS WENDY R. SHERMAN, DEPUTY SECRETARY OF STATE CASABLANCA, MOROCCO MARCH 8, 2022 What a perfect way to celebrate International Women's Day-to be with all of you. (usembassy.gov)

The SPLA has been engaging the occupying troops along the length of the berm since the war for liberation of SADR resumed on November 13, 2020, after 29 years of ceasefire. (atlasofwars.com)
That said, the phosphate-mining industry (which accounts for 9% of GDP) held up well, with exports increasing by 4% in 2020. (atradius.it)

Morocco has illegally occupied the territory of Western Sahara since 1975, causing half the Saharawi people to flee. (wsrw.org)
Sahara since 1975. (lu.se)
Since the Madrid Accords of 1975, a part of Western Sahara has been administered by Morocco as the Southern Provinces . (decisivechro276.cfd)

On our Algeria, Tunisia & Malta tour, the entire country of Algeria makes for a fascinating historical journey and we make full use of our days in its locale, taking in the innumerable remnants of the once-great Roman Empire, ancient Phoenician trading posts, splendid mosques, museums and some of the best-preserved relics and sites of antiquity in all of North Africa. (adventures-abroad.com)
Morocco has also told the United States that she can bring stability to North Africa. (finalcall.com)
Whilst most conflict over resources in North Africa are emerging over the scarcity of resources such as water , the Western Sahara conflict has the potential to be revived over the presence of valuable resources such as fisheries and phosphate. (techsb.ca)
Morocco , officially the Kingdom of Morocco , is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa . (explained.today)

While this is good news for 2017, overall growth is expected to decline in 2018 as the price of phosphates remains low. (moroccoonthemove.com)
This trade advanced mainly crumbled on 10 August 2018, at 00:12. (superiorcasecoding.com)

Morocco has demanded that Israel recognise its sovereignty over the disputed territory of Western Sahara before Rabat opens an embassy in Tel Aviv, the news outlet Axios has reported, citing four current and former Israeli officials involved in the matter. (vifindia.org)
In order to resolve the sovereignty issue, the UN has attempted to hold a referendum through the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO), and is holding direct talks between the Kingdom of Morocco and the Polisario Front. (decisivechro276.cfd)

Chinese companies have previously been active in infrastructure projects such as the suspension bridge linking Rabat and Sale, among the largest of its kind in Africa. (moroccoonthemove.com)
The principal partners are the Chinese aviation group Haite , BMCE's Bank of Africa, and the government of Morocco represented by the Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima regional authorities. (moroccoonthemove.com)
Attijariwafa Bank continued its impressive role as a leading bank in Africa, garnering the "African Bank of the Year" award at the Africa CEO Forum . (moroccoonthemove.com)
According to its website , the Forum provides a multinational platform for CEOs of African and international companies, financial specialists, investors, bankers, thought-leaders, and public sector leaders to exchange information and develop projects in Africa and internationally, and develop strategies to address the economic and industrial challenges facing the continent. (moroccoonthemove.com)
Algeria is sandwiched between Tunisia and Morocco on the north coast of Africa on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea. (istizada.com)
The freedom struggle for Western Sahara, a state in Northwest Africa, was recently discussed by experts worried about increased violence between Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic freedom fighters and Morocco, which has occupied the country for decades. (finalcall.com)
A territory lying in North-Western Africa, Western Sahara borders Morocco in the north, Algeria in the north-east, Mauritania in the east and in the south, and its north-western coast borders the Atlantic Ocean. (techsb.ca)

For the European Union, most of the phosphorus needed for the country is imported from Russia as it has the world's largest ultra-pure phosphate rock deposits. (mddionline.com)
Norway's minister of trade and industry said that the country has an obligation to develop "the world's most sustainable mineral industry. (mddionline.com)
First, Morocco has about 75% of the world's reserves of phosphate-a major and critical ingredient in fertilizers, Kubursi notes. (gfmag.com)
A year that began with no end in sight for one of the world's deadliest conflicts finished on a note of cautious optimism in Ethiopia's northern region of Tigray after a November ceasefire agreement. (vifindia.org)

Government and business leaders from the United States and Morocco are gathering in Rabat this week for the second annual Morocco-U.S. Business Development Conference. (ipsnews.net)

The export of phosphate rock from occupied Western Sahara has never been lower than in 2019. (wsrw.org)

The companies fail to explain why they consider Morocco to be a relevant business partner in relation to the conflict mineral. (wsrw.org)
Following years of armed conflict between Morocco and the Algerian-backed Polisario Front, the international community established the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) in 1991. (ipsnews.net)
Another security issue is the conflict in the Western Sahara between Morocco and the Polisario Front, with fighting recently breaking out again, ending a 29-year old ceasefire. (atradius.it)
Therefore the potential in Angola is enormous, although the success of the sector depends directly upon the outcome of the civil conflict.The government in Angola has made the rehabilitation of coffee plantations a priority. (africa2trust.com)
The Western Sahara faces new hostilities, and the conflict is turning to a resource-based one. (techsb.ca)

Morocco currently controls the majority of Western Sahara's natural resources in the form of fisheries, phosphates and iron ore, and other resources. (iijd.org)
The government with assistance from the World Bank, has set up the Angolan Support Fund for Fisheries Development. (africa2trust.com)

Polisario Front1, the liberation movement of Western Sahara, had fought to claim its independence but failed to do so. (lu.se)
Morocco, Western Sahara - M oroccan forces illegally occupying the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) have come under repeated bombardment by the Sahrawi People's Liberation Army (SPLA) . (atlasofwars.com)
Also known as Western Sahara, SADR is a founding member of the African Union (AU) and the continent's last colony, fighting a war for liberation from Morocco. (towardfreedom.org)
Western Sahara , formerly the Spanish colony of Spanish Sahara , is a disputed territory claimed by both the Kingdom of Morocco and the Popular Front for the Liberation of the Saguia el Hamra and Rio de Oro (Polisario Front) , which is an independence movement based in Tifariti and Bir Lehlou . (decisivechro276.cfd)

In lieu of a referendum on self-determination, Spain ceded administrative control of the territory to Morocco and Mauritania, two nations that asserted claims over regions in the occupied territory. (iijd.org)
After a war in which the Frente POLISARIO was victorious, Mauritania and the Frente POLISARIO entered into an agreement in which Mauritania renounced all claims over Western Sahara. (iijd.org)
Following Spain's withdrawal, Western Sahara was invaded militarily by Morocco and Mauritania. (techsb.ca)
Mauritania administers the western half of the Ras Nouadhibou Peninsula. (decisivechro276.cfd)

Three countries receive near all of the illegally exported phosphates: Mexico, India and New Zealand. (wsrw.org)
there's no war without trade," the famous quip by Jan Pieterzoon Coen, a leading officer of the Dutch East India Company in the 17th century, not only points to the dark beginnings of capitalism, it also spells out a basic fact: You need money to wage war, loads of it. (cidob.org)
Global phosphate markets were subdued during the quarter, as strong Latin American demand was offset by the continued absence of significant engagement from India and a delayed start to the US fall application season. (einpresswire.com)

Western Sahara Resource Watch (WSRW) has now obtained videos of the place where the explosion allegedly took place. (wsrw.org)
A source at the port of Dordrecht confirmed to WSRW that the salt is purchased by De Nederlandse Zoutbank (DNZB), a privately owned company specializing in storage of de-icing salt. (wsrw.org)

In 1991, a truce was negotiated with the promise on a referendum on the right to self-determination of Western Saharan inhabitants, the Sahrawi. (lu.se)
More controversially, Kosmos now intends to start oil exploration in an area off the Western Saharan coast, known as Cap Boujdour, in October. (ipsnews.net)
After calling for Western Saharan independence from Spain, Morocco took control of the territory, which it calls the Southern Provinces, in 1976 after the Spanish withdrew. (ipsnews.net)
Since then, however, both multinational energy firms and Western Saharan advocacy groups have construed the U.N. opinion to favour their respective stances. (ipsnews.net)

Morocco supplies energy generated from solar sources to Europe via undersea cables, and has ambitious plans to increase these exports. (gfmag.com)

Algeria is a multiparty republic whose president, the head of state, is elected by popular vote for a five-year term. (state.gov)
Algeria has the highest Human Development Index (HDI) on the African continent, which means it performs exceptionally well in the following categories: life expectancy for health, expected years of schooling, mean of years of schooling for education, and Gross National Income per capita for the standard of living. (istizada.com)
Regional violence and extremist groups have increased, spilling over into West African countries and worsening relations between Morocco and Algeria, Dr. Mundy added. (finalcall.com)
It overlooks the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria to the east , and the disputed territory of Western Sahara to the south . (explained.today)

By 2021, the new Sudanese government began having second thoughts about the deal and sought new terms that included economic aid ( The Arab Weekly , September 16, 2021). (aberfoylesecurity.com)
This year, the economy is forecast to rebound by about 5%, contingent on the gradual easing of lockdown measures, an effective vaccine rollout in H2 of 2021 and more benign weather conditions supporting agriculture performance. (atradius.it)

The ceasefire had been secured in August 1991 after the UN Security Council (UNSC) established the UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) with the promise of fulfilling the Sahrawi people's right to self-determination. (atlasofwars.com)
This communique, which was made public on Monday, September 19, reiterated, "UN Security Council Resolution 690 (1991)… calls for the self-determination of Western Sahara through a free and fair referendum administered by the UN and the AU. (towardfreedom.org)
The U.S. move came weeks after Morrocco violated a 1991 ceasefire agreement by breaching a buffer strip between Western Sahara and Morocco. (finalcall.com)

The companies that are currently importing the goods without the permission from the Saharawi people are Ballance Agri-Nutrients, Ravensdown, Innophos and Paradeep. (wsrw.org)
As such, Morocco has no right to exploit the resources in the territory or build infrastructure there without the permission of the Saharawi people. (wsrw.org)
Katlyn Thomas, an attorney and former MINURSO official, said the U.S. should care about Western Sahara because the Saharawi people want a democracy. (finalcall.com)

In 2002, Morocco awarded contracts for oil exploration in the Western Sahara to a U.S.-based company, Kerr McGee, and the French-based Total S.A. In response, the United Nations issued what is known as the Corell Opinion regarding the legality of resource extraction in Western Sahara. (ipsnews.net)

This was a setback to Morocco, which had declared a diplomatic victory over SADR prematurely, before any official announcement by the Kenyan government. (towardfreedom.org)
Even before the election was held in August this year, the United States and the United Kingdom, which were allegedly supporting Ruto's candidacy, had sought from him a reversal of Kenya's policy on SADR during his foreign trips, alleged Booker Ngesa Omole, National Vice Chairperson of the Communist Party of Kenya (CPK). (towardfreedom.org)
The UN, the AU, the Court of Justice of the European Union and the International Court of Justice all maintain that Morocco has no legitimate territorial claims over SADR. (towardfreedom.org)
The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) was proclaimed on 27 February 1976 to fill the legal vacuum in the context of Spain's unfulfilled obligation to lead the territory of Western Sahara to its decolonisation, and the withdrawal of the Spanish administration from the territory. (techsb.ca)

A few days before this statement, the French government cut official development assistance (ODA) to Mali because it believed that Mali's government is "allied to Wagner's Russian mercenaries. (midwesternmarx.com)

Following intermittent riots and revolts against colonial rule, in 1956, Morocco regained its independence and reunified. (explained.today)

Presidential term limits, which were eliminated in 2008, were reintroduced in the 2016 revision of the constitution and limit the president to two five-year terms. (state.gov)
Agriculture's GDP contribution is expected to rise from 9.6% in 2016 to 15% this year. (moroccoonthemove.com)
Her predecessor, the late John Magufuli, banned public rallies in 2016, one year after he came to power, saying they could escalate into violence. (vifindia.org)

OCP also has plans for the erection of 4 additional phosphate fertilizer factories, specializing in diammonium and monoammonium phosphate. (wikipedia.org)

Shares in the US Kerr-McGee was previously withdrawn from the Norwegian Government's Pension Fund because it was involved in oil exploration offshore Western Sahara. (vest-sahara.no)

MINURSO intended the referendum to determine whether the Western Sahara would become an independent state or part of Morocco, but the vote was never able to be implemented due to disagreements over who was eligible to take part. (ipsnews.net)

It separates the areas occupied by Morocco on the coast-side from the inland territory that is under the control of the Polisario Front (PF), recognized by the UN General Assembly as the Sahrawi people's international representative. (atlasofwars.com)

The statement further claimed that Morocco and Kenya had signed a joint statement agreeing that "in deference to the principle of territorial integrity and non-interference, the Republic of Kenya [had extended] total support to the serious and credible autonomy plan proposed by the Kingdom of Morocco" as the only possible solution to the Sahara issue. (towardfreedom.org)
Over the past year, fighting between the kingdom of Morocco and Western Sahara has grown. (finalcall.com)
The official position of the Kingdom of Morocco since 1963 is that all of Western Sahara is an integral part of the kingdom. (decisivechro276.cfd)

In 1963, following the passing of the information by Spain, on the basis of Article 73 of the Charter of the United Nations, the UN entered Western Sahara in the list of areas which were not governed independently. (techsb.ca)

For the Sahrawis under occupation, the nearly three decades of ceasefire are often considered wasted years. (atlasofwars.com)

All stock-exchange registered companies that previously imported from the territory have halted the practice, as it was seen to be in violation of international law or fundamental human rights. (wsrw.org)

On 23 April 2017, the BBC Magellan - a cargo vessel sporting the Antigua Barbuda flag - arrived at the port of Dordrecht, the Netherlands, carrying a consignment of salt loaded in the port of El Aaiun, occupied Western Sahara. (wsrw.org)
On 21 December 2017, the Supreme Court of the European Union ruled that the EU's trade and association agreements with Morocco could not be lawfully applied to Western Sahara , which ought to be considered a Third State. (wsrw.org)
Elections for the lower chamber of parliament were held in 2017 and did not result in significant changes in the composition of the government. (state.gov)
The Central Bank continued its conservative, and successful, management of interest rates as inflation, the national budget deficit, and the trade deficit are projected to rise slightly in 2017. (moroccoonthemove.com)
According to a report by NASDAQ , the Central Bank of Morocco, Bank Al-Maghrib, has positive economic projections for 2017, even as some indicators such as inflation and the balance of payments are slightly more negative. (moroccoonthemove.com)

Support groups for the people in Western Sahara claims Jinhui on numerous occasions have transported phosphates from there to New Zealand and Australia, and have posted a video of the bulk vessel 'Jin Cheng' discharging the fertilizer ingredient ( http://youtube.com/watch?v=M-1zk-s1Olo ). (vest-sahara.no)

However, backed by the US, UK, and the EU, Morocco successfully sabotaged the referendum promised by the UN, and MINURSO was reduced to a peace-keeping force. (atlasofwars.com)
This did not change the status of Western Sahara as a non-self-governing territory, and prolonged the referendum. (iijd.org)
The UN Security Council recently voted 13-0 with abstentions of Russia and Tunisia to extend the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) for another year. (finalcall.com)

Informa Markets, a trading division of Informa PLC. (mddionline.com)

Western Sahara Resource Watch calls on the companies that import phosphate rock from the territory and that provide infrastructure for Morocco in the territory that it occupies, to immediately end their support to the occupation. (wsrw.org)
Western Sahara Resource Watch works to uncover the plunder of the territory and to keep the companies and governments accountable for their support to the occupation. (wsrw.org)
The Maritime Union of Australia has condemned an Australian company resuming trade in phosphate plundered from Western Sahara, a country under an illegal occupation by Morocco. (greenleft.org.au)
Under international law, Western Sahara is not a legal part of Morocco and it remains under the international laws of military occupation . (decisivechro276.cfd)

It will be directed by Javier López‐Galiacho, Corporate Responsibility Director of infrastructure firm FCC (Fomento de Construcciones y Contratas SA). (responsible-investor.com)
With well-developed infrastructure, including 130,000 hotel beds, exotic Morocco attracts more than 10 million tourists each year, injecting about $10 billion into the economy. (gfmag.com)

Mali's junta leader on Friday pardoned all 49 Ivorian soldiers whose arrest in July triggered a bitter diplomatic row, a government spokesman said, just a week after the courts sentenced them. (vifindia.org)
It was clear from the beginning that the two countries had undergone a diplomatic rapprochement, strengthening bilateral ties and cooperation in the fields of trade, tourism, and defense," reported the Times of Israel. (finalcall.com)
The 'Alawi dynasty , which rules the country to this day, seized power in 1631, and over the next two centuries expanded diplomatic and commercial relations with the Western world . (explained.today)

BBC Magellan is operated by the German shipping company BBC Chartering . (wsrw.org)
Belships reported 2nd of March last year that the partly owned Elkem Chartering had sold its interests in 'M/S Belpareil', which until then had been on time charter to Elkem Chartering since she was built in 2003. (vest-sahara.no)

But it also states that "while the specific contracts … are not in themselves illegal, if further exploration and exploitation activities were to proceed in disregard of the interests and wishes of the people of Western Sahara, they would be in violation of the principles of international law applicable to mineral resource activities in Non-Self-Governing Territories. (ipsnews.net)

As such, in order for any trade or association agreement to affect the territory, the explicit consent of its people is required. (wsrw.org)
The judicial activism in a relatively uncharted area in this field, external relations, was analyzed through a qualitative case study of the CJEU case Polisario Front , concerning the application of a EU trade agreement to the non-self-governing territory of Western Sahara. (lu.se)
The territory in this case is Western Sahara, South of Morocco, who includes the territory as part of its own country. (lu.se)
This gave the Frente POLISARIO control over approximately one-third of the territory, leaving Morocco with the other two-thirds. (iijd.org)
Morocco also claims Ceuta and Melilla , making up about 22.8km2 more claimed territory. (explained.today)
Western Sahara is listed by the United Nations (UN) as a non- decolonized territory and is thus included in the United Nations list of non-self-governing territories , which regards Spain as the de jure administering state. (decisivechro276.cfd)
Although the UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) treats the status of Western Sahara as 'undetermined', its lack of reference to its current effective partition, considering the existence of the Polisario-held areas, indicates an acceptance of Morocco as the administering power in the entire territory. (decisivechro276.cfd)

A Norway mine has discovered a phosphate deposit worth 70 billion tonnes, which would be enough to satisfy world demand for 100 years. (mddionline.com)
Recent news from Norway has seemed to quell "phosphogeddon" fears as the country recently announced a mining company has found up to 70 billion tonnes of phosphate rock in the south-western part of the country, along with deposits of other strategic minerals like titanium and vanadium which are used in the aerospace and defense industries. (mddionline.com)
Salt importers from Norway and Denmark have halted all further purchases from Western Sahara due to the highly problematic nature of such imports. (wsrw.org)

The Dutch Finance Ministry wants to introduce a more punitive tax rate on Dutch banks which pay their executives excessive bonuses from next year, according to a Reuters report . (responsible-investor.com)

Morocco is not willing to allow the people the right to self-determination today, and the oil industry is becoming an obstacle in terms of putting pressure in Morocco to accept that right. (ipsnews.net)

Its harbour is well equipped for the exportation of phosphate rock (transported from Gantour and Ouled Abdoun) and various chemicals such as pure sulphur, ammonia, and sulphuric acid. (wikipedia.org)
Phosphorus, which comes from the phosphate rock, is a non-renewable resource with large deposits controlled by multiple countries. (mddionline.com)
Additionally, earlier this year, global scientists warned that the planet could face a " phosphogeddon " because of supply issues, global uncertainty, and shortages in raw materials as reserves of high-grade phosphate rock deplete. (mddionline.com)
With up to 70 billion tonnes of the rock, and a projected 4,500-meter-deep ore body, Norge Mining - the mining company that discovered the deposits - told Euractive that it would theoretically be capable of meeting global phosphate demand for the next 100 years. (mddionline.com)

Mali's military has increasingly been establishing closer ties with the Russian government and military. (midwesternmarx.com)

In terms of the volume of product processed, as of 2004, it was considered the second most important port in Morocco (just after Casablanca). (wikipedia.org)

Jinhui Shipping said Wednesday that it will take into consideration the analysis of Norwegian authorities regarding avoiding trade with phosphates from Western Sahara. (vest-sahara.no)
We respect the Norwegian authorities recommending not to ship phosphates from Western Sahara", said Jinhui vice president Raymond Ching at a conference on the fourth quarter results. (vest-sahara.no)

The U.S. Trade and Development Agency will donate Morocco $250,000 to finance a technical-economic study to build a sea water desalination unit. (wikipedia.org)
The third pillar is the agricultural sector, which has provided an estimated 250,000 new jobs during the past 10 years and is targeted for further growth by the World Bank and Morocco government. (gfmag.com)

Other U.S. government agencies work with Morocco, with offices in the Embassy. (usembassy.gov)

Each time it resulted in riots and governments falling. (globalchange.com)

Port Sudan is a politically unstable city that serves as Sudan's primary connection to international trade routes. (aberfoylesecurity.com)
Oil revenues constitute more than 98% of the government of South Sudan's budget. (aief.info)

The country intends to observe stricter environmental standards in the mining and refining of phosphate compared to current competitors and will implement carbon capture and storage technology. (mddionline.com)
The pilot year, expected in the first quarter of 2012, will include the 30 top PLC s from each participating country," he said. (responsible-investor.com)
Following Bouteflika's April 2 resignation, the country twice postponed elections during the year. (state.gov)
However, the country has not been hit by major terrorist attacks over the past few years. (atradius.it)
In the past years, the country has embarked on an ambitions reconstruction program. (africa2trust.com)

The president has the constitutional authority to appoint and dismiss cabinet members and the prime minister, who is the head of government. (state.gov)
[16] Morocco is a unitary semi- constitutional monarchy with an elected parliament. (explained.today)

But on the eve of the first budget to be delivered by the Anthony Albanese Labor government, there are three cuts we should support. (greenleft.org.au)
Repeating its formula for yet another successful foray into an African economy, China has agreed to form a joint enterprise with Morocco to develop an industrial and technology park, hosting hundreds of Chinese companies , to support manufacturing centers in the Tanger region. (moroccoonthemove.com)
The occupying power has received key gestures of support from Western powers since fighting resumed, which many argue has emboldened it even further. (atlasofwars.com)

Morocco has placed a high emphasis on oil and gas exploration in its energy policy. (ipsnews.net)

The United States public relations firm helping Egypt organise COP27 also works for major oil companies and has been accused of greenwashing on their behalf, report Ben Webster and Lucas Amin . (greenleft.org.au)
He would know, because he's see-ing it in his back-yard: Kansas and Nebras-ka report-ed farm-land prices 20 per-cent above the pre-vi-ous year's lev-els and are on pace to dou-ble val-ues in four years. (spitfirelist.com)

Since independence, Morocco has remained relatively stable. (explained.today)
The conduct of India's foreign policy during the year under review remained firmly anchored in the nation's objectives of preserving its sovereign independence, its commitment to non- alignment, promotion of world peace, and our resolve to help bring about a new international economic order on the basis of justice and equality. (mealib.nic.in)

Furthermore, the Dutch government has warned companies about the risks of doing business in Western Sahara . (wsrw.org)

Four years have passed since the EU Court of Justice ruled that products from occupied Western Sahara cannot be part of EU's trade agreements with Morocco. (wsrw.org)

The data for the non-Communist countries are from publications of the United Nations, the Organi- zation for Economic Cooperation and Develop- ment (OECD), publications of US Government agencies, unclassified publications of other in- ternational organizations or individual coun- tries, or are estimates of this Office. (cia.gov)
The webinar panelists Nov. 2 agreed the embrace of Morocco undermined U.S. credibility as a broker on Western Sahara, which has been home to a United Nations peacekeeping force. (finalcall.com)

Morocco remains vulnerable to the threat of Islamic extremism. (atradius.it)

However, neither Polisario nor OCP or Morocco have commented on the matter. (wsrw.org)

The German company Continental used to carry out the maintenance of the rubber elements of the belt, but the company terminated its involvement after critique from the international investors. (wsrw.org)
This view atom molecule and cluster beams ii cluster beams 's loved the pm government in Chinese and takeout investors exchanging from other inappropriate people to flavorful system floods. (onlinemedsupplies.com)

Minister elAlamy said that these investments will attract hundreds of multinational companies in addition to the Chinese companies financing the industrial city. (moroccoonthemove.com)

The current 12-party coalition government is highly fragmented. (atradius.it)
Their situation has been aggravated by current recession and high budgetary deficits n the industrial countries as well as by the long term problems of food, energy, trade and financial flows. (mealib.nic.in)

It was announced in 2008 that the Abu Dhabi-based International Petroleum Investment Company (IPIC) was in the beginning stages of preparations for the construction of an oil refinery at Jorf Lasfar at a cost of $5 billion. (wikipedia.org)
The largest deposits, around 50 billion tonnes, are in the Western Sahara region of Morocco. (mddionline.com)
With the benefit of stronger performance in the first half of the year, our nine-month earnings reached $1.77 per share ($1.6 billion), down 6 percent from the $1.89 per share ($1.7 billion) in last year's comparative period. (einpresswire.com)
Earnings before finance costs, income taxes and depreciation and amortization 2 (EBITDA) of $654 million for the third quarter and $2.7 billion for the first nine months were below the comparable previous-year totals. (einpresswire.com)
The market value of our investments in these publicly traded companies equated to approximately $6 billion, or $7 per PotashCorp share, as of market close on October 23, 2013. (einpresswire.com)

Agreement, or the Liberalization Agreement, aimed at liberalizing the European imports from Morocco, is also applied to Western Sahara. (lu.se)
While inflation increased from 1.6% to 2.1% earlier this year, it is expected to drop to 1.1% later this year as the government is able to cut energy imports and subsidies and agricultural prices fall. (moroccoonthemove.com)
In nitrogen, US demand for ammonia, urea and nitrogen solutions was relatively flat compared to last year and production from low-cost domestic producers increased, reducing the need for higher-cost offshore imports. (einpresswire.com)

The Annexation of Western Sahara by Morocco took place in two stages, in 1976 and 1979, and is considered illegal under international law . (decisivechro276.cfd)

Organisms1

Chemicals and Drugs6

Phenomena and Processes1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena10

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Humanities2

Information Science3

Health Care6

Publication Characteristics1

Geographicals7

Moroccan33

Morocco's8

20223

20202

19753

North Africa4

20182

Sovereignty2

Africa7

World's4

Rabat1

20191

Conflict5

Fisheries2

Liberation4

Mauritania4

India3

WSRW2

Saharan4

Exports1

Algeria4

20212

19913

Saharawi3

20021

SADR4

Mali1

19561

20163

Factories1

Kerr-McGee1

Intended the referendum1

Sahrawi1

Kingdom of Moro3

19631

Ceasefire1

Fundamental human1

20175

Zealand1

Referendum3

Markets1

Occupation4

Infrastructure2

Diplomatic3

Chartering2

Mineral1

Territory7

Norway3

Reuters1

Right to self-deter1

Rock4

Closer ties1

Casablanca1

Authorities2

250,0002

Embassy1

Riots1

Sudan's2

Country5

Constitutional2

Support3

Exploration1

Report2

Independence2

Risks1

Agreements1

United Nations2

Remains1

Polisario1

Investors2

Multinational1

Current2

Billion5

Imports3

19761