L-Xylulose accumulates in the urine in patients with pentosuria, due to a deficiency in L-xylulose reductase. (wikipedia.org)
Overview: Xylitol utilization in GapMind is based on the MetaCyc pathway via xylitol dehydrogenase ( link ) or on utilization via a phosphotransferase system and D-xylulose-5-phosphate 2-reductase ( PMID:27553222 ). (lbl.gov)
Utilization via a PTS system is not described in MetaCyc, but is thought to involve a D-xylulose-5-phosphate 2-reductase (in reverse) that forms D-xylulose-5-phosphate, which is consumed by the pentose phosphate pathway ( PMID:3104310 , PMID:27553222 ). (lbl.gov)
This gene provides instructions for making a protein called dicarbonyl and L-xylulose reductase (DCXR), which plays multiple roles in the body. (diabeteshealthmatters.com)
cerevisiae to utilize xylose by introducing the genesfor xylose reductase (XR) and xylulose dehydrogenase (XDH) fromPichia stipitis. (vtt.fi)
A deficiency of the enzyme NADP dependent xylitol dehydrogenase (L-xylulose reductase) has previously been found to be the cause of chronic essential pentosuria. (wits.ac.za)
The pentosuria allele could then be used as a gene marker in linkage studies aimed at mapping the L-xylulose reductase locus. (wits.ac.za)
A L-xylulose reductase assay suitable for the identification of carriers of essential pentosuria was developed and tested on members of a South African Lebanese family in which the inheritance of pentosuria had previously been suggested to be dominant. (wits.ac.za)
It was found that family members could, on the basis of their L-xylulose reductase activities, be classified as either normal, heterozygous or homozygous for the pentosuria allele. (wits.ac.za)
Six out of the 237 individuals screened were found (on the basis of their L-xylulose reductase activities and from the results of a loading test), to carry the pentosuria allele. (wits.ac.za)
Dehydrogenase2
Comment: In the MetaCyc pathway, the dehydrogenase xdhA forms D-xylulose and the kinase xylB forms D-xylulose-5-phosphate, which is an intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway. (lbl.gov)
D-xylulose is converted from xylitol by the enzyme NAD+-linked xylitol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.9) in the glucuronate pathway, the most important xylitol-handling metabolic pathway in mammals. (foodcomex.org)
Monosaccharide containing five c2
Xylulose is a ketopentose, a monosaccharide containing five carbon atoms, and including a ketone functional group. (wikipedia.org)
D-xylulose is a monosaccharide containing five carbon atoms. (foodcomex.org)
Oxidation of xylitol2
These enzymes catalyze the sequential reduction of xylose to xylitoland oxidation of xylitol to xylulose[1].Although these strains could use xylose for growth and xylitol formation, ethanol production hasbeen rather poor. (vtt.fi)
The minor isozyme is e1ectrophoretica 1 1 y distinct from the major isozyme, has markedly higher Michael is constants for the substrates L-xylulose and xylitol and shows a lower pH optimum when catalysing the oxidation of xylitol. (wits.ac.za)
Xylose5
The strain Candida tropicalis S4 produced 6 g L -1 of ethanol from 56 g L -1 of xylose, while the strain C. tropicalis E2 produced 22 g L -1 of xylitol. (scielo.br)
An additionalimprovement in xylose to ethanol conversion came about by cloning and overexpressing theendogenous enzyme xylulokinase (XK), that phosphorylates xylulose to xylulose 5-phosphate. (vtt.fi)
1. Hochster, R.M. and Watson, R.W. Enzymatic isomerization of D -xylose to D -xylulose. (qmul.ac.uk)
Xylose isomerase (EC 5.3.1.5 ) [ 1 ] is an enzyme found in microorganisms which catalyzes the interconversion of an aldo sugar D-xylose to a keto sugar D-xylulose. (expasy.org)
Structures of D-xylose isomerase from Arthrobacter strain B3728 containing the inhibitors xylitol and D-sorbitol at 2.5 A and 2.3 A resolution, respectively. (expasy.org)
Pentose3
as well as the production of xylitol and arabitol by Debaryomyces hansenii from pentose. (scielo.br)
While essential pentosuria is caused by genetic mutations, some people develop a non-inherited form of pentosuria if they eat excessive amounts of fruits high in L-xylulose or another pentose called L-arabinose. (diabeteshealthmatters.com)
Most likely, D-xylulose (as well as D-arabinose or D-ribulose) is a precursor of the pentiol D-arabitol, since pentitols are derived from their corresponding pentose phosphate precursors via pentoses. (foodcomex.org)
Pentosuria2
Since L-xylulose is a reducing sugar like D-glucose, pentosuria patients have been wrongly diagnosed in the past to be diabetic. (wikipedia.org)
Essential pentosuria is a recessively inherited condition which is marked by the continual excretion of relatively large amounts of the enzymes substrate, L-xylulose. (wits.ac.za)
Urine1
Without this protein, L-xylulose is not converted to xylitol, and the excess sugar is released in the urine. (diabeteshealthmatters.com)
Production1
Xylitol production using hemicellulosic hydrolysates. (tu-dresden.de)
Found1
D-Xylulose is found in many foods, some of which are garden onion, american cranberry, cucumber, and radish. (foodcomex.org)
This gene provides instructions for making a protein called dicarbonyl and L-xylulose reductase (DCXR), which plays multiple roles in the body. (medlineplus.gov)
Downregulation of dicarbonyl and L-xylulose reductase (DCXR) showed the strongest association with disease progression. (nih.gov)
Reductase deficiency1
On the nature of L-xylulose reductase deficiency in essential pentosuria. (medlineplus.gov)
Pathway1
An enzyme that plays a role in the PENTOSES and GLUCURONATES interconversion pathway by catalyzing the oxidation of XYLITOL to D-xylulose. (bvsalud.org)
DCXR1
Lee SK, Son le T, Choi HJ, Ahnn J. Dicarbonyl/l-xylulose reductase (DCXR): The multifunctional pentosuria enzyme. (medlineplus.gov)
Deficiency1
L-Xylulose accumulates in the urine in patients with pentosuria, due to a deficiency in L-xylulose reductase. (wikipedia.org)
Released in the urine1
Without this protein, L-xylulose is not converted to xylitol, and the excess sugar is released in the urine. (medlineplus.gov)
Compounds1
Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of several pentoses, tetroses, trioses, alpha-dicarbonyl compounds and L-xylulose. (nih.gov)
Enzyme1
The immobilized E. coli cells retained good stability and enzyme activity for 9 batches with conversion between 53 and 92% which would be beneficial for economical production of L-xylulose. (bvsalud.org)
Protein1
The protein encoded by this gene acts as a homotetramer to catalyze diacetyl reductase and L-xylulose reductase reactions. (nih.gov)
Fruits1
Xylitol is a natural substance that occurs naturally in certain fruits and vegetables. (startup.info)
Gene1
Recombinant E. coli expressing xylitol-4-dehydrogenase gene of Pantoea ananatis was constructed. (bvsalud.org)
Reaction1
One of its functions is to perform a chemical reaction that converts a sugar called L-xylulose to a molecule called xylitol. (medlineplus.gov)
High2
In further optimization, a high conversion of 84.6% in 8 hours was achieved under the optimal conditions: 20 mM of xylitol, 100 µM NAD+ in pH 9.0 Tris-HCl buffer at 30 °C. The results indicated the coupling system with cofactor regeneration provides a promising approach for L-xylulose production from xylitol. (bvsalud.org)
A high conversion rate of 96.5% was achieved under an optimized pH and temperature using 20 g/L xylitol, which is the highest among the reports. (bvsalud.org)