• In phylogenetic trees based on concatenated protein sequences or 16S rRNA, the genus Corynebacterium forms a distinct clade, within which is a distinct subclade, cluster I. The cluster is made up of the species C. diphtheriae, C. pseudotuberculosis, C. ulcerans, C. aurimucosum, C. glutamicum, and C. efficiens. (wikipedia.org)
  • Novel nontoxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae was isolated from a domestic cat with severe otitis. (cdc.gov)
  • The clinical relevance of Corynebacterium diphtheriae recovered from a cat with otitis is poorly understood. (cdc.gov)
  • Tinsdale agar plate growth (Remel, Lenexa, KS, USA) gave rise to black colonies with a brown halo, typical of cysteinase-producing C. diphtheriae , C. ulcerans , or C. pseudotuberculosis . (cdc.gov)
  • Case series from Canada, consistent with global surveillance, have found that the disease burden is increasingly attributed to cutaneous, non-pseudomembranous respiratory and systemic disease from toxigenic and non-toxigenic strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae and C. ulcerans Footnote 2 Footnote 3 Footnote 4 Footnote 5 Footnote 6 Footnote 7 Footnote 8 . (canada.ca)
  • In addition to disease burden, other toxigenic Corynebacteria ( C. ulcerans or C. pseudotuberculosis ) and non-toxigenic C. diphtheriae may serve to maintain a reservoir for toxigenic respiratory diphtheria Footnote 2 Footnote 4 Footnote 8 . (canada.ca)
  • Respiratory diphtheria is a serious infection caused by toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae, and disease transmission mainly occurs through respiratory droplets. (cdc.gov)
  • Here we utilized whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to characterize recovered isolates of C. diphtheriae and two co-circulating non-diphtheritic Corynebacterium (NDC) species - C. pseudodiphtheriticum and C. propinquum. (cdc.gov)
  • The genus contains the species Corynebacterium diphtheriae and the nondiphtherial corynebacteria, collectively referred to as diphtheroids. (medscape.com)
  • In some endemic locations, such as India, 44% of throat and nasal swabs tested positive for C diphtheriae and Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum . (medscape.com)
  • From the nasopharynx of a 5-year-old child it was excreted amicroorganism which is identical to Corynebacterium diphtheriae dose according to morphological and biochemical signs.Microorganism does not produce exotoxin. (eneutron.info)
  • As with various species of microbiota (including their relatives in the genera Arcanobacterium and Trueperella), they usually are not pathogenic, but can occasionally opportunistically capitalize on atypical access to tissues (via wounds) or weakened host defenses. (wikipedia.org)
  • Two examples of CSIs are a two-amino-acid insertion in a conserved region of the enzyme phosphoribose diphosphate:decaprenyl-phosphate phosphoribosyltransferase and a three-amino-acid insertion in acetate kinase, both of which are found only in Corynebacterium species. (wikipedia.org)
  • Both of these indels serve as molecular markers for species of the genus Corynebacterium. (wikipedia.org)
  • Additionally, 16 conserved signature proteins, which are uniquely found in Corynebacterium species, have been identified. (wikipedia.org)
  • Also, 21 conserved signature proteins are found only in members of cluster I. Another cluster has been proposed, consisting of C. jeikeium and C. urealyticum, which is supported by the presence of 19 distinct conserved signature proteins which are unique to these two species. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ruminants-such as sheep, goats, and cattle-can also become infected with these bacteria, although cross-species transmission is rare and usually only occurs between horses and cattle because they can carry the same strain. (eliteequineks.com)
  • Auwaerter, Paul G. "Corynebacterium Species. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Pediatrics Central , peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540637/3.0/Corynebacterium_species. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is a cold-tolerant bacterial species in the family Enterobacteriaceae that most commonly causes foodborne illness, typically enterocolitis or mesenteric lymphadenitis (pseudoappendicitis) in children. (medscape.com)
  • In general the agents implicated in etiology of respiratory syndrome include a wide spectra of viruses such as PI 3, Adeno and Reo viruses, bacterial species such as Hemophilus, Bordetella, Pasteurella, Corynebacterium, Mycoplasma and Chlamydia along with a chain of predisposing factors mainly the environmental and managemental fluctuations. (cswri.res.in)
  • Corynebacterium (/kɔːˈraɪnəbækˌtɪəriəm, -ˈrɪn-/) is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria and most are aerobic. (wikipedia.org)
  • The genus Corynebacterium was created by Lehmann and Neumann in 1896 as a taxonomic group to contain the bacterial rods responsible for causing diphtheria. (wikipedia.org)
  • Three of these have homologs found in the genus Dietzia, which is believed to be the closest related genus to Corynebacterium. (wikipedia.org)
  • The principal features of the genus Corynebacterium were described by Collins and Cummins, for Coryn Taylor in 1986. (wikipedia.org)
  • First isolated in 1883 , Y pseudotuberculosis is a gram-negative bacterium that belongs to the genus Yersinia in the Enterobacteriaceae family. (medscape.com)
  • Although prevalence of CL varies by region and country, it is found worldwide and is of major concern for small ruminant producers in North America. (msdvetmanual.com)
  • The management system also found to affect the sero-prevalence of BTD and it was higher in migratory flocks (63.29% in sheep to 84.84% in goats) compared to stationary flocks (35.03% in sheep to 72.88% in goats). (cswri.res.in)
  • Also, multidrug resistance to ≥ 3 classes of antimicrobials was found in 23.5% (8/34) strains. (bvsalud.org)
  • It can be associated with postinfectious complications such as erythema nodosum and reactive arthritis , and strains of Y pseudotuberculosis found in Asia appear to produce a superantigen-associated toxic erythema illness suggestive of scarlet fever. (medscape.com)
  • Once a horse becomes infected with C. pseudotuberculosis, the bacteria release a toxin that ultimately spurs the body to build a thick-walled abscess around the pathogens. (equusmagazine.com)
  • Consumption of foods contaminated with B. cereus may result in disease either by the consumption of pre-formed toxin or by toxins produced by these bacteria in during growth the gut. (microgeninc.com)
  • When DNA of the phage integrates into the host bacteria's genetic material, the bacteria develop the capacity to produce this polypeptide toxin. (medscape.com)
  • May cause bacteremia, endocarditis , device/ prosthesis infections , wound infections--especially in immunocompromised patients with hematological disorders or vascular catheters. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • bacteremia, endocarditis , wound infections. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • causes bacterial meningitis, fulminating septicaemia, pulmonary and ophthalmic infections, chronic synovitis (joint pain/inflammation), skin diseases, wound infections and postoperative urinary tract infections. (microgeninc.com)
  • Wound infections also occur, but are less common than seafood-borne disease. (datapunk.net)
  • and urinary tract infections and mastitis (affecting milk production) in cattle due to infection with Corynebacterium renale , Corynebacterium cystidis , Corynebacterium pilosum , and Corynebacterium bovis . (medscape.com)
  • certain localized infections Note: Categories for "late effects" of infectious and parasitic diseases are to be found at 137. (cdc.gov)
  • Pigeon fever Houseflies, stable flies, and horn flies can spread the bacterium Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, the causative agent of pigeon fever. (equishopper.com)
  • Pigeon fever cases used to be found primarily in California, although within the last several years veterinarians have diagnosed cases in many areas of the western United States. (eliteequineks.com)
  • Hot, dry weather is the most common environment where the organism is found, and most pigeon fever cases appear in late summer/early fall (the author first diagnosed a case in August, and her number of cases has increased exponentially since that time). (eliteequineks.com)
  • For much of the 20th century, pigeon fever was most commonly found in the Southwest and in California. (equusmagazine.com)
  • C. pseudotuberculosis bacteria tend to localize and form abscesses in the pectoral region and ventral abdomen of the horse. (eliteequineks.com)
  • Your veterinarian can also ultrasound the abscesses and find the best place to drain them. (eliteequineks.com)
  • Affected horses should be isolated because drainage from their abscesses contains a high amount of bacteria that will contaminate the environment. (eliteequineks.com)
  • Internal abscesses can develop when the bacteria are carried into the body and infect the liver, kidney, lungs or other internal organs. (equusmagazine.com)
  • Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis has been cultured from some cases (particularly of ulcerative lymphangitis, but in others, a bacterial culture is negative. (wikipedia.org)
  • During 1985-88, in sheep and goats, 7.01% of the animals were found positive for BTV antibodies on AGPT. (cswri.res.in)
  • Even adjusting for underreporting and difficulty in microbiological isolation, Y pseudotuberculosis appears to be a relatively rare pathogen in humans. (medscape.com)
  • The most common clinical Y pseudotuberculosis syndromes are self-limited enterocolitis and mesenteric lymphadenitis (pseudoappendicitis), but septicemia may occur in immunocompromised hosts, resulting in metastatic infection. (medscape.com)
  • The spores of B. cereus bacteria commonly contaminate raw foods and food materials, particularly foods that have been in contact with soil. (microgeninc.com)
  • Once established on a farm or region (endemic), it is primarily maintained by contamination of the environment with active draining lesions, animals with the internal form of the disease that contaminate the environment through nasal discharge or coughing, the ability of the bacteria to survive harsh environmental conditions, and lack of strict biosecurity necessary to reduce the number and prevent introduction of new cases. (msdvetmanual.com)
  • These opportunistic anaerobic bacteria may also cause bed sores, pressure sores, aspiration pneumonia, chronic otitis media (ear infection), chronic sinusitis, and osteomyelitis (bone infection). (microgeninc.com)
  • Diphtheria is a now-rare vaccine-preventable disease (VPD) associated with a wide range of clinical illnesses, depending on the infection site and the toxigenicity of the bacteria. (canada.ca)
  • This bacterium is of relatively low clinical significance, but is used frequently to test water filters due to its very small size. (microgeninc.com)
  • Y pseudotuberculosis infection occurs worldwide but appears to be most common as sporadic disease in northern Europe and Asia, primarily as a zoonotic infection of rabbits and other mammals and birds. (medscape.com)
  • Microscopically, the bacteria were gram-positive, club-shaped rods, 1 µm in diameter, arranged singly or at angles. (cdc.gov)
  • As a term, "coryneform ("club-shaped") bacteria" is sometimes used to denote a wide range of Gram-positive rods based on staining characteristics and DNA content (specific G/C ratios). (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The larvae can't complete their life cycle in these tissues and incite a hypersensitivity reaction, resulting in chronic nonhealing wounds. (equishopper.com)
  • Y pseudotuberculosis appears to be cold tolerant, allowing transmission via contaminated cold-stored foods, handling of infected animal tissues, and cross-contamination during food preparation. (medscape.com)
  • c) The organism is not a bacterium, but a fungus , so is very difficult to culture. (wikipedia.org)
  • While infection can occur by the fecal-oral route, ingestion of bacteria in raw or undercooked seafood, usually oysters, is the predominant cause the acute gastroenteritis caused by V. parahaemolyticus. (datapunk.net)
  • Among animals with bacterial isolation, Staphylococcus aureus (6/34 = 17.6%), Escherichia coli (5/34 = 14.7%), Staphylococcus beta-hemolytic (5/34 = 14.7%), and Trueperella pyogenes (3/34 = 8.8%) were predominant, in addition to a miscellaneous of other bacteria isolated in minor frequency, e.g. (bvsalud.org)
  • In the cases of botulism, diphtheria and tetanus, the main objective of immunotherapy is to neutralize toxins, but also to opsonize the bacteria, promoting complement-dependent bacteriolysis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Flies are a major vector and can spread the bacteria, so spray affected and unaffected horses (especially ones with open wounds) with fly repellent if it is still fly season. (eliteequineks.com)
  • Using antibacterial sprays (such as Terramycin wound spray and Necrospray) can also be used. (angoras.co.za)
  • Horses contract this disease through open wounds or fly bites, and sometimes through their mucous membranes. (eliteequineks.com)
  • Most horses recover fully once the abscess drains and the wound heals. (equusmagazine.com)
  • This finding suggested an abnormality in type IV collagen, against which the anti-GBM antibodies are directed. (abcmedicalnotes.com)
  • They are gram-positive, catalase-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, rod-shaped bacteria that are straight or slightly curved. (wikipedia.org)
  • The following table provides an overview of the nomenclature of important human pathogenic bacteria, according to their form and Gram staining properties. (amboss.com)
  • were major Gram negative and positive bacteria, respectively. (cswri.res.in)
  • [ 9 ] More optimistically, a specific strain of Y pseudotuberculosis, IP32953, has been modified into a potentially promising vaccine against bubonic and pneumonic plague. (medscape.com)
  • The goat suffers with various disease, which are caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites and other non- infectious agents. (health-articles.net)
  • Y pseudotuberculosis has also been implicated in the etiology of some cases of Kawasaki disease . (medscape.com)
  • Huge efforts have been undertaken in many laboratories around the world to understand the public health risks posed by prions from animals ever since BSE was found in 1990's to cause variant CJD (vCJD) in humans. (infectiousconferences.com)
  • Ideally, an abscess should only be lanced after it has matured well and has an obvious soft spot, or the procedure should be guided with ultrasound to find the best site for drainage that avoids important structures. (wikipedia.org)
  • Enter search terms to find related veterinary topics, multimedia and more. (msdvetmanual.com)
  • Flies can travel miles to find your horse. (equishopper.com)
  • This is a site for proliferation of bacteria and the smell attracts blow flies leading to irritation and suffering. (angoras.co.za)
  • This article provides an overview of the most important human pathogenic bacteria. (amboss.com)
  • This bacterium infects the airway, and is closely related to the causative agent of whooping cough, Bordetella pertussis. (microgeninc.com)
  • Lymphangitis is commonly associated with a wound, which may be very minor. (wikipedia.org)
  • Find support for a specific problem in the support section of our website. (mdpi.com)