World s severe disease diseases arbovirus infections. Medical search. Frequent questions

Imported arbovirus infections (mostly dengue) were frequently diagnosed, although increased chikungunya and Zika virus infections coincided with their introduction and spread in the Americas. (cdc.gov)
In recent decades, pathogenic flaviviruses (yellow fever virus, dengue [DENV], and Zika [ZIKV]) and the alphavirus chikungunya (CHIKV) have become the most common agents of emerging arbovirus diseases among humans. (cdc.gov)
Both the main vectors transmit not only dengue virus but also other closely related arboviruses such as chikungunya and Zika viruses. (who.int)
Since late 2013, a few countries in the Pacific have reported concurrent outbreaks of dengue, chikungunya and Zika virus disease. (who.int)
There's no specific treatment for any of those three arboviral diseases, [ meaning Zika, dengue, and chikungunya]. (medscape.com)
Of these three diseases, Zika accounts for the smallest number of cases. (medscape.com)
The Zika Virus (ZIKV) happens to be one of the recent infections investigated after the Ebola pandemic. (amrita.edu)
Questions are limited to clinicians who would like information related to Zika virus infection. (cdc.gov)
In Brazil, the virus that stand out are the Dengue virus (DENV), Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Zika virus (ZIKV), the last two first identified in 2014 and 2015 respectively, causing severe Public Health problems, especially in the Northeast region of Brazil. (fapesp.br)
Zika virus, dengue fever, chikungunya virus, yellow fever, malaria and WNV are just some of the life-threatening diseases associated with mosquitoes. (reviewofoptometry.com)
The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared Zika virus a global health emergency. (reviewofoptometry.com)
The official statement is available at www.who.int/mediacentre/news/statements/2016/zika-olympics/en/ . (reviewofoptometry.com)
Methods We evaluated the detection sensitivity of one step RT-qPCR for targeted arboviruses in large mosquito pools, using pools of non-infected mosquitoes of various sizes (165, 320 and 1600 mosquitoes) containing one infected mosquito body with defined virus titers of chikungunya virus (CHIKV), usutu virus (USUV), West Nile virus (WNV) and Zika virus (ZIKV). (researchsquare.com)
Dengue virus (DENV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV), West Nile virus (WNV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) are the most prevalent arboviruses in the world [3]. (researchsquare.com)
Viral infections like Ebola, MERS, SARS and Zika continue to be among the leading causes of illness and death across the world. (erasmusmc.nl)
Outbreaks such as Zika (2015), Ebola (2014) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) (2003) have shown the necessity of effective infectious disease surveillance systems for early detection, to allow proper assessment, a fast response and collaboration at regional, national and global levels [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Dengue and Zika viruses are transmitted by the same mosquitoes and have similar clinical features as chikungunya disease and should be considered ( Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Chikungunya Virus ). (merckmanuals.com)
Recently, dengue, chikungunya, and zika viruses have emerged as increasingly important arboviruses that can cause human disease, however no specific treatment or vaccine is available for them. (biomedcentral.com)
We combined multiple data sources to improve estimates of ZIKV infection attack rates (IARs), reporting rates of Zika virus disease (ZVD) and the risk of ZIKV-associated NC for 28 capital cities in Colombia. (imperial.ac.uk)
In 2013, the Zika virus, an arbovirus transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, emerged in the Pacific Islands. (pasteur.fr)
By analogy with other arboviruses such as Tick-borne encephalitis virus, West Nile virus, Zika virus and Chikungunya virus, several points could be applied for Toscana virus such as epidemiological conditions (history of travel to, or residence in, an area with documented on-going transmission within the two-week period prior the onset of symptoms). (europa.eu)
Travel Grant: 16th International Course on Dengue, Zika, and other Emergent Arboviruses. (stanford.edu)
dengue, which can develop into the potentially fatal disease dengue fever, and Zika, which caused a global medical emergency in 2016. (leeds.ac.uk)
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection was a public health emergency of Brazilian national interest until May 2017, due to the sudden increase in newborns with microcephaly and other neurological alterations during the epidemic started in Brazil in November 2015. (bvsalud.org)
An increase in the notification of cases of children born with microcephaly in the Northeast region 23 concomitant with the Zika outbreak caused a possible causal association between microcephaly and ZIKV infection during pregnancy 24 , however, such a finding by the World Health Organization and by CDC (US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) only occurred in April 2016 25,26 . (bvsalud.org)
His Ecology research integrates issues from Biological dispersal, Arbovirus Infections and Zika virus. (research.com)
The studies were conducted with the Zika viral strain that has recently spread from South America to ravage Puerto Rico and likely responsible for the first wave of infections that have begun to occur in the United States. (prnewswire.com)
Zika has been declared a global health threat by the World Health Organization and is not addressed with a proven drug or vaccine therapy. (prnewswire.com)
Researchers have linked Zika virus infection with Guillain-Barre syndrome, a severe neurological disorder that can cause paralysis. (prnewswire.com)
Zika infection has also been associated with Arthrogryposis, a condition that results in deformities of joints in the arms and legs of newborns. (prnewswire.com)
Zika virus is the most recent of four significant arboviruses that have spread to the Western Hemisphere. (prnewswire.com)
As a result of the Zika study, the Hemopurifier® has now demonstrated the capture of each of these four arboviruses. (prnewswire.com)
Beyond Zika, Dengue, Chikungunya and West Nile virus, the Hemopurifier has also been validated to capture Monkey pox, which serves as models for human Smallpox infection. (prnewswire.com)
Researchers, led by scientists at the University of Colorado School of Medicine, have found basic molecular processes used by the Zika virus to "hijack" the cells that it infects and potentially how it makes molecules that are directly linked to disease. (news-medical.net)
For the first time, abnormal brain development following a Zika infection during pregnancy has been documented experimentally in the offspring of a non-human primate. (news-medical.net)
The sudden emergence of the Zika virus epidemic in Latin America in 2015-16 has caught the scientific world unawares. (news-medical.net)
Saint Louis University's Center for Vaccine Development is studying an investigational vaccine for yellow fever, a potentially deadly disease that is spread by the same mosquito that transmits Zika virus. (news-medical.net)
The rapid development of a safe and effective vaccine to prevent the Zika virus (ZIKV) is a global priority, as infection in pregnant women has been shown to lead to fetal microcephaly and other major birth defects. (news-medical.net)

Although some factors are unlikely to occur in non-arbovirus-endemic settings, such as Europe, emergence of these infectious diseases in these regions may result from viremic persons with imported infections and presence of competent Aedes albopictus mosquitoes ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
In addition to the rise in temperatures and the changes in rainfall patterns, which favor the proliferation of disease-transmitting mosquitoes, the WHO mentioned a few other reasons for the increase in the incidence of arboviruses worldwide: the acceleration of urbanization, which is associated with basic sanitation problems, and the fact that people are out and about again, travelling around locally and internationally now that COVID-19 restrictions have been lifted. (medscape.com)
Mosquitoes and diseases outside Africa are transmitted by Aedes aegypti. (amrita.edu)
Mosquitoes are one of the deadliest animals in the world because of their ability to carry and spread disease. (reviewofoptometry.com)
Billions of people around the world are at risk from bacteria and viruses transmitted by mosquitoes, ticks, fleas and other vectors. (reviewofoptometry.com)
An arbovirus is defined as any of a group of viruses that are transmitted by arthropods such as mosquitoes and ticks-which are notoriously difficult to reach, physically, and often develop resistance to insecticides. (reviewofoptometry.com)
Background Mosquitoes are the deadliest animals in the world. (researchsquare.com)
Correlating the virus titer with the total RNA quantity allowed the prediction of the maximum number of mosquitoes per pool in which the RT-qPCR can theoretically detect the virus infection. (researchsquare.com)
protein, Argonaute 2, has a key role-;via several biological mechanisms-;in keeping mosquitoes healthy and active despite these infections. (news-medical.net)
Instead of making mosquitoes more resistant to the viruses, the discovery opens a possible path for making mosquitoes more susceptible and less tolerant to virus infection, which would impair their ability to transmit disease. (news-medical.net)
mosquitoes don't get sick when they are infected by these viruses-;our findings effectively solve this mystery and suggest a potential new mosquito-based disease control strategy that merits further study. (news-medical.net)
mosquitoes are effective vectors of arborviruses because they can sustain significant infections with these viruses without suffering costs to their overall ability to reproduce-;what biologists call 'fitness. (news-medical.net)
mosquitoes lacking the Ago2 gene, the siRNA pathway is impaired, arborvirus infection becomes more severe, and the mosquitoes' ability to transmit these viruses drops sharply-;as they sicken, feed less, and often die within days. (news-medical.net)
This would be to engineer the mosquitoes so that arbovirus infections trigger the loss of their tolerance mechanisms, perhaps via the inhibition of Ago2. (news-medical.net)
Arthropod-borne viruses, or arboviruses, are viruses that are transmitted through the bites of mosquitoes and ticks. (biomedcentral.com)
Arboviral diseases are entities that are transmitted to humans by arthropods such as mosquitoes and ticks. (biomedcentral.com)
Amongst the most important vectors of this disease are the mosquitoes Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Culex vishnui. (happytravelbird.com)
Mosquitoes are a common vector for this disease. (happytravelbird.com)
Many arthropods (e.g. ticks, sandflies and mosquitoes) infest dogs both in urban and rural areas, being adapted to survive in indoor and outdoor environments, increasing the risk of emergence or re-emergence of certain metazoonotic diseases [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Because exposure to mosquitoes or ticks is the risk factor for transmission, the number of infections is highest in summer and early fall, in concordance with high mosquito populations. (medscape.com)
University of Leeds Virus Host Interaction Team researchers have discovered that the molecule, called sialokinin, makes it easier for a number of viruses to pass from mosquitoes to humans, where they can then take hold - leading to unpleasant and potentially deadly diseases. (leeds.ac.uk)
She said: "Our findings may also explain why some mosquitoes can spread infection to humans, while some cannot. (leeds.ac.uk)
Viruses spread by mosquitoes are known as arboviruses. (leeds.ac.uk)
Arbovirus" is a descriptive term applied to hundreds of predominantly RNA viruses that are transmitted by arthropods, most notably through mosquitoes. (prnewswire.com)
The second thing I tell people is that dengue caused outbreaks here in the United States in the 1800s and beginning of the 1900s - and we still have the right mosquitoes to spread disease in the southeastern United States. (cdc.gov)
Dengue fever is an arbovirus transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes (both Ae. (who.int)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
Good afternoon, I'm Ashley Ghaffarzadeh and I'm representing the Clinician Outreach and Communication Activity, COCA, with the Emergency Risk Communications Branch at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
The MMWR series of publications is published by the Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Public Health Service, U.S. Depart- ment of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30333. (cdc.gov)
Announcer] This program is presented by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)

First, to put things in perspective, I will briefly review the current problem of dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), and of Aedes aegypti-borne disease prevention and control from a historical standpoint. (cdc.gov)
The Aedes species of mosquito is a vector for several diseases. (reviewofoptometry.com)
Chikungunya disease is transmitted by the Aedes mosquito. (merckmanuals.com)
Aedes aegypti was originated in Africa, from where it subsequently spread globally to tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. (biomedcentral.com)
Dengue fever is a tropical disease caused by the dengue virus and spread by several species of mosquito of the Aedes type. (happytravelbird.com)
Dengue is an arbovirus transmitted to human beings by the Aedes aegypti mosquito, characterized as a systemic viral infection of rapid geographical expansion and today, it a major global infectious problem with the potential risk of death for the individuals affected. (imed.pub)
The Aedes genus of mosquito, which is found on all continents except Antarctica, spreads arboviruses. (leeds.ac.uk)
It is known that the disease is transmitted by the Aedes mosquito, whose most important species in the transmission of recent outbreaks are Aedes aegypti and to a lesser extent Aedes albopictus 4-7 . (bvsalud.org)
Past and future spread of the arbovirus vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. (research.com)

3 World Health Organization, White Nile State, Sudan. (who.int)
Licensee: World Health Organization. (who.int)
The World Health Organization (WHO) is sounding the alarm about a recent increase in arbovirus cases in various regions around the world. (medscape.com)
The IHR aims to enhance early warning systems for World Health Organization (WHO) Member States that contribute to global communication. (biomedcentral.com)
In 2012, the World Health Organization (WHO) set the elimination of Chagas disease intradomiciliary vectorial transmission as a goal by 2020. (imperial.ac.uk)
The World Health Organization (WHO) 2021-2030 Neglected Tropical Diseases roadmap has proposed that 30% of endemic countries achieve intensified T. solium control in hyperendemic areas by 2030. (imperial.ac.uk)
Additional information about Malaria from the World Health Organization . (happytravelbird.com)
Additional information about Dengue Fever from the World Health Organization . (happytravelbird.com)
Additional information about Yellow Fever from the World Health Organization . (happytravelbird.com)
Additional information about Japanese Encephalitis from the World Health Organization . (happytravelbird.com)
World Health Organization (WHO). (rjptonline.org)
b Emerging Disease Surveillance and Response, Division of Health Security and Emergencies, World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Manila, Philippines. (who.int)
c Blood Safety and Laboratory Technology, Communicable Diseases Department, World Health Organization Regional Office for the South East-Asia, New Delhi, India. (who.int)
The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. (who.int)
The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers' products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. (who.int)
All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health Organization to verify the information contained in this publication. (who.int)

3-5) Unfortunately, we have not made much progress in our ability to control the mosquito vectors that transmit dengue viruses, and thus in our ability to prevent epidemic disease. (cdc.gov)
The global expansion of these arboviruses was preceded by the global spread of their vectors. (biomedcentral.com)
Arthropod-borne Viruses Arthropod-borne viruses (arbovirus) are viruses that can be transmitted to man by arthropod vectors. (slideshare.net)
3 Japan reported its first in the region due to its disease presentation and a WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research of Arbovirus and their Associated Vectors, Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore. (who.int)

DENV varies in presentation from asymptomatic infections to dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) or dengue shock syndrome (DSS), which are the most serious forms of the disease. (who.int)
DENV varies in greater incidence of severe illness, fatality, and longer- presentation from asymptomatic infections to dengue term disability ( 8-10 ). (who.int)
Among these viruses, we could highlight those belonging to the Flaviviridae and Togaviridae families, which may cause clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic infection, acute febrile to disease viral haemorrhagic fever and encephalitis. (fapesp.br)
The outcomes of infection by any of the DENV types range from asymptomatic, subclinical to symptomatic infections [ 4 - 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
DFV and ZIKV are asymptomatic in approximately 75% of infections, in contrast to CHIKV where patients are symptomatic in 75-95% of infections [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Although the majority of ZIKV infections are asymptomatic, the virus has been associated with congenital birth defects and neurological complications (NC) in adults. (imperial.ac.uk)
Most infections are asymptomatic, with fever and headache reported in some cases. (happytravelbird.com)
Most cases of infection result in asymptomatic or pauci-symptomatic forms, with mainly febrile illness, leading to a massive underestimation of cases. (europa.eu)

Dengue fever is a viral infection spread to people through bites from infected mosquitos . (medlineplus.gov)
The milder viral infection is West Nile fever, in which people experience flu-like symptoms. (la.gov)
West Nile virus (WNV) is a re-emerging mosquito-borne viral infection. (kjccm.org)
However, the role of these cells during viral infection is not yet fully understood [ 16 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
IV - To investigate the dynamics of replication of DENV and CHIKV, either alone or in combination, in permissive human skin cells and to compare the antiviral response between the different experimental conditions of viral infection which might provide a biological explanation if, according to the hypothesis, co-infection results in a more severe clinical state. (ird.fr)
15. Thomas EA, John M, Bhatia A. Muco-Cutaneous manifstations of dengue viral infection in Punjab. (rjptonline.org)

In this context, this study aims to understand the dynamics of urban spread of emerging and re-emerging arbovirus (DENV, ZIKV and CHIKV) in the Northeast and Southeast regions of Brazil (states of Sergipe and São Paulo), and identify the demographics and socioeconomic factors associated with the dynamics of viral movement that can provide new opportunities for control and intervention strategies. (fapesp.br)
In fact, serologic surveys have demonstrated that outbreaks attributed to dengue in the past have actually turned out to be CHIKV or ZIKV infections. (biomedcentral.com)
Both CHIKV and ZIKV related deaths are usually associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome [ 2 ] although recently ten death cases of ZIKV infection unrelated to the Guillain-Barré syndrome have been confirmed in adults [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of most prevalent arboviruses in Brazil (DFV, ZIKV, CHIKV) regarding the main features, physiopathology, and ocular involvement (Table 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
The estimated ZVD reporting rate was 0.013 (95% CrI: 0.004-0.024), and 0.51 (95% CrI: 0.17-0.92) cases of ZIKV-associated NC were estimated to be reported per 10 000 ZIKV infections. (imperial.ac.uk)
The manifestations of Intrauterine infections by ZIKV are more severe when they occur in the first and second trimesters of gestation, especially in the first trimester. (bvsalud.org)
The first case of ZIKV infection occurred in 1953 in Nigeria 1 . (bvsalud.org)

Their ability to carry and spread diseases to humans causes millions of deaths every year. (researchsquare.com)
This study investigated the pooled prevalence pattern and risk factors of WNV infection among humans and animals in Nigeria. (kjccm.org)
Peer-reviewed cross-sectional studies describing WNV infections in humans and animals were systematically reviewed. (kjccm.org)
Globally, West Nile virus (WNV) is one of the most widely distributed arboviruses of public health significance in both humans and animals [ 1 ]. (kjccm.org)
MERS is a zoonotic disease, meaning it passes from animals to humans. (cepi.net)
Dromedary camels have been shown to also carry the virus, and are thought to be the main source of infections in humans. (cepi.net)
I was also involved in other projects regarding SARS-CoV-2 variants and disease severity in infants (DOI 10.3389/fmed.2022.896352), Rift Valley fever virus epidemiology in humans and animals in Kenya (DOI 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000505), and dengue virus evolution in Africa (ongoing Ph.D. candidate mentorship). (stanford.edu)
Nonetheless, many other viral infections can affect the oral cavity in humans, either as localized or systemic infections. (medscape.com)
[8] No anti-CPV antibodies have ever been detected in humans and no disease has been associated with CPV. (wikimili.com)
TIBV infection of humans has not been reported. (wikimili.com)
transmission to humans may cause severe symptoms. (news-medical.net)

Eleven (17.46%) of the confirmed cases were DENV, 49 (77.77%) were CHIKV, and 3 (4.76%) were DENV and CHIKV co-infections. (who.int)
Dengue virus (DENV) and Chikungunya (CHIKV) infections are fast-growing mosquito-borne arboviral diseases. (who.int)
CHIKV infection is characterized by an abrupt onset of fever, frequently accompanied by debilitating joint pain. (who.int)
Occasional cases of eye, cardiological, and neurological complications have been reported with CHIKV infections. (who.int)
DENV and CHIKV are spreading across the country more rapidly than other arboviral diseases. (who.int)
In 2018/2019, the Kassala area in eastern Sudan experienced the largest epidemic of CHIKV in Africa to date, with a greater incidence of severe illness, fatality, and longer-term disability (8-10). (who.int)
Currently, there is no specific therapy available for CHIKV infection. (bvsalud.org)
We have developed a despeciated equine polyclonal antibody (CHIKV-EIG) treatment against CHIKV and evaluated its protective efficacy in mouse models of CHIKV infection. (bvsalud.org)
In immunocompromised (IFNAR-/-) mice infected with CHIKV, daily treatment for five consecutive days with CHIKV-EIG administered at 100 mg/kg starting on the day of infection prevented mortality, reduced viremia, and improved clinical condition as measured by body weight loss. (bvsalud.org)
Collectively, these results suggest that CHIKV-EIG is effective at preventing CHIK and could be a viable candidate for further development as a treatment for human disease. (bvsalud.org)
77.77%) were CHIKV, and 3 (4.76%) were DENV and CHIKV co-infections. (who.int)
CHIKV was first reported in sporadic cases infections are fast-growing mosquito-borne arboviral in South Kordofan or rare cases in central and eastern diseases. (who.int)
CHIKV infection is characterized by an abrupt onset of and DHF were reported in Port Sudan in the Red Sea fever, frequently accompanied by debilitating joint pain. (who.int)
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and the closely related onyong-nyong virus (ONNV) are arthritogenic arboviruses that have caused significant, often debilitating, disease in millions of people. (cdc.gov)
Infections caused by Dengue (DENV) and Chikungunya (CHIKV) arboviruses are widespread, medically important arboviral diseases with high socio-economic impact, for which there are no preventive or curative treatments. (ird.fr)
In Thailand, the areas affected by CHIKV overlap those in which dengue fever is endemic and this situation may therefore constitute an increased risk of co-infection by both viruses that are transmitted by the same mosquito vector. (ird.fr)
Because co-infection of hosts by DENV and CHIKV is likely to be an JEAI program - Application form 2015 3 emerging trend in other parts of the world, the situation in Thailand, where both DENV and CHIKV are endemic, constitutes an interesting model to study its pathophysiological impact. (ird.fr)
Overall, the results of this study will enable the conclusion whether if patients co-infected by the two arboviruses have an increased risk of developing a severe form of dengue as a result of infection with CHIKV. (ird.fr)

To determine the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of patients in Spain with imported arbovirus infections, we analyzed 22,655 records from a collaborative network for January 2009-December 2018. (cdc.gov)

Our objective with this study was to describe the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of patients in Spain with a confirmed diagnosis of imported arbovirus infection. (cdc.gov)
During this period he helped found International Clinical Epidemiology Network (INCLEN), a global research and medical-education network designed to strengthen the research capacity of medical schools in the developing world. (wikipedia.org)
Based on his review and analysis of Sanofi's Phase 3 clinical trial data in 2016, he determined that the vaccine posed a substantial danger of contracting severe dengue to individuals who had no prior history of dengue infection. (wikipedia.org)
While there has been no definitive association of the distinct DENV types with clinical course of disease, there are reports suggesting that DENV-2 and DENV-3 cause severe disease more frequently than the other serotypes and that DENV-4 causes a milder illness [ 23 , 24 ]. (hindawi.com)
Nevertheless, the involved DENV type and the host genetic makeup may explain some differences in clinical manifestations observed, since genetic polymorphisms appear to provide protection or predispose to more severe forms of dengue [ 27 ]. (hindawi.com)
The case-fatality rate of patients with severe dengue varies with the timing and quality of clinical care. (reviewofoptometry.com)
Our mission is to limit the clinical and public outcomes of high-impact virus infections through an integrated field-to-bench-to-bedside research program. (erasmusmc.nl)
is an international centre of excellence for multidisciplinary, basic, translational and clinical research of viruses and virus infections at the molecular, patient and population level. (erasmusmc.nl)
It is important to rule out dengue virus infection, because proper clinical management of dengue can improve outcome. (merckmanuals.com)
The illnesses caused by the arbovirus have very similar/overlapping clinical presentation with prominent fever, headache, rash, myalgia and arthralgia. (biomedcentral.com)
The symptoms of disease may vary from case to case, with a clinical spectrum ranging from infection with no symptoms, mild respiratory illness to severe respiratory disease and death. (cepi.net)
Disease characteristics, clinical manifestations, and epidemiology generally mimic those of enteroviral infections. (medscape.com)
The associated clinical findings in enteroviral infections may include pharyngitis, pleurodynia, rash, and pericarditis. (medscape.com)
Herpesviruses establish latent permanent infections in their hosts, although clinical signs of disease may not be detected. (medscape.com)

He was then transferred to work as a virologist at the Department of Virus Diseases at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), in Washington, D.C. From 1961 to 1965, Halstead served as the director of the United States Army's SEATO infectious disease laboratory in Bangkok, Thailand. (wikipedia.org)
From 1995 to 1997, he was director of infectious disease research for the U.S. Navy, becoming chief scientist in 1997. (wikipedia.org)
Medscape 's Portuguese edition spoke with André Siqueira, MD, PhD, an infectious disease specialist and researcher at the Laboratory of Acute Febrile Diseases at the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation's Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases. (medscape.com)
Dr. Pillai is an internal medicine and infectious disease expert who joined the CDC as an Epidemic Intelligence Service Officer in 2011. (cdc.gov)
Following his tour as an EIS officer he joined the Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infection in CDC's National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Disease. (cdc.gov)
Risk assessment and early warning (RAEW) are essential components of any infectious disease surveillance system. (biomedcentral.com)
This study may be used to explore options for further strengthening of global collaboration and timely detection and surveillance of infectious disease outbreaks. (biomedcentral.com)
Despite these differences, the main conclusion is that for the two infections studied, the early warning system in China and the Netherlands are remarkably similar considering their large differences in infectious disease history, population size and geographical setting. (biomedcentral.com)
Our main recommendations are continued emphasis on international corporation that requires insight into national infectious disease surveillance systems, the usage of a One Health approach in infectious disease surveillance, and further exploration/strengthening of a combined syndromic and laboratory surveillance system. (biomedcentral.com)
To strengthen infectious disease surveillance in the aftermath of the 2003 SARS outbreak and to control diseases at their source, the adjusted International Health Regulations (IHR) (2005) aimed for a syndrome-inclusive approach that encouraged surveillance of infectious diseases of both known and unknown origin. (biomedcentral.com)
To our knowledge, there are no standard early warning protocols among countries, but many countries have established units to screen surveillance sources, in order to be able to assess and control infectious disease outbreaks. (biomedcentral.com)
RAEW units usually organize recurring, fixed meetings among infectious disease experts to discuss observations from (inter)national surveillance systems, to inform public health professionals and the public and to initiate outbreak management. (biomedcentral.com)
Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease, most commonly transmitted by an infected Anopheles mosquito. (happytravelbird.com)
A changing climate has profound implications for human health, with more frequent heatwaves and extreme weather events, changing patterns of infectious disease, and the exacerbation of existing health challenges around the world. (lancetcountdown.org)
AEMD ) is a leading developer of immunotherapeutic technologies to combat infectious disease and cancer. (prnewswire.com)
Cholera is an infectious disease that causes severe watery diarrhoea, and can lead to dehydration and kill within hours if left untreated. (who.int)

In addition, ocular manifestations of these diseases have become more prevalent over the past few years. (biomedcentral.com)
This disease is most prevalent in Southeast Asia and the Far East. (news-medical.net)

Viruses transmitted by arthropods (arboviruses) are responsible for emerging and reemerging infectious diseases in different areas of the world, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. (fapesp.br)
The global spread of parasitic arthropods and of canine vector borne diseases (CVBDs) have no more boundaries across the planet. (biomedcentral.com)
This group of viruses have been known to cause significant morbidity and mortality around the world, with the potential to spread quickly and expand their geographical range due to their distinct mode of transmission using arthropods. (encyclopedia.pub)
Ayman Ahmed] It's mainly a vectorborne disease that is transmitted by arthropods, as I mentioned. (cdc.gov)

Their geographic distribution, epidemiologic patterns, and modes of transmission overlap considerably, and because of increased human travel and migration, outbreaks have been reported in non-arbovirus-endemic areas. (cdc.gov)
The history of arboviral infections in Sudan dates back to the past century with noticeably increased outbreaks of viral haemorrhagic fevers since the 1970s (2). (who.int)
In February and March of this year he was the final Incident Manager for CDC Ebola Response, shepherding the agency's transition from the Ebola Emergency Response to supporting the three West African countries affected by Ebola to better prepare for future disease outbreaks. (cdc.gov)
In view of the complex and global spread of infectious diseases, the timely detection of outbreaks requires mechanisms to increase situational awareness and to initiate outbreak management. (biomedcentral.com)
BACKGROUND: Late relapsing hepatitis after yellow fever (LHep-YF) during the convalescent phase of the disease has been described during recent yellow fever (YF) outbreaks in Brazil. (stanford.edu)
So, most of arboviral disease infection or outbreaks are accidentally discovered or tested and reported to the Ministry of Health, and that's only through laboratories. (cdc.gov)
In the Western Pacific Region in 2014 alone, milder disease, debilitating sequelae such as persistent there were outbreaks involving 1513 dengue cases arthralgia have been reported in 36-64% of cases. (who.int)

Travelers are at high risk for infection by vectorborne diseases and may contribute to the spread of imported diseases in non-disease-endemic areas ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
The spread of both diseases is increasing worldwide and is a growing public health threat for many continents, including the Americas (1). (who.int)
Overview of Arbovirus, Arenavirus, and Filovirus Infections Arbovirus, arenavirus, and filovirus are viruses that are spread from animals to people and, with some viruses, from people to people. (msdmanuals.com)
The reported results provide the basis for procedures to mitigate the spread of serpentoviruses in captive snake colonies as well as identify potential non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic treatment options for ophidian serpentoviral infections. (bvsalud.org)
Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease of public health significance that has rapidly spread in all regions of WHO in recent years. (who.int)
Elucidating the spread of emerging and reemerging arboviruses in Brazil in time and space is central to understanding of its epidemiology. (fapesp.br)
As globalization and climate change spread tropical infectious diseases around the globe, not all populations have the same degree of susceptibility. (pasteur.fr)
Ecological and climatic changes, human and animal population dynamics are among the several factors that have favoured the spread or the (re)introduction and establishment of "novel" vector species and pathogens they transmit in previously disease-free geographical areas. (biomedcentral.com)

d WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus Reference and Research (Dengue/Severe Dengue), Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. (who.int)
e WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Tropical and Emerging Virus Diseases, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan. (who.int)

The arboviruses include a wide variety of RNA virus including the flaviviruses (genus Flavivirus, one of three genera in the family Flaviviridae) and the alphaviruses (genus Alphavirus, one of two genera in the family Togaviridae). (biomedcentral.com)
Disease Mechanisms of Toga viruses and Flavivirus Viruses are cytolytic, except for rubella. (slideshare.net)
Non- neutralizing antibody can enhance flavivirus infection via Fc receptors on the macrophage. (slideshare.net)

Arthropod-borne viruses or arboviruses have a unique effect on neutrophil function since viral factors as well as vector factors can affect the activity of these cells. (encyclopedia.pub)

Globally speaking, dengue is the most common arboviral disease, with 40% of the world's population living in areas with known dengue virus transmission. (reviewofoptometry.com)
biology, the findings point to a possible new arboviral disease control strategy. (news-medical.net)
The respective approaches towards surveillance of arboviral disease and unexplained pneumonia were analysed to gain a better understanding of the RAEW mode of operation. (biomedcentral.com)
Sarah Gregory] So, Rift Valley Fever is an arboviral disease. (cdc.gov)

their propensity to cause infection during the warmer months is the major factor in the higher incidence of aseptic meningitis during that time. (medscape.com)
In south-western Europe, Toscana virus infection accounts for the most frequent cause of aseptic meningitis together with enteroviruses and herpesviruses [2]. (europa.eu)

Control of West Nile Virus and Other Arbovirus million persons worldwide each year ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
He was assigned to the Department of Virus and Rickettsial Diseases (DVRD) in Sagamihara, Japan, and began studying mosquito-borne viruses. (wikipedia.org)
If an infection is suspected, you will get a blood test to check for the dengue virus. (medlineplus.gov)
Other features of the disease include its epidemiological patterns, including hyper-endemicity of multiple dengue virus serotypes in many countries and the alarming impact on both human health and the global and national economies. (who.int)
It is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) within the family Flaviviridae class. (amrita.edu)
Dengue is an arthropod-borne disease caused by the Dengue virus (DENV) [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
The most widely known vector-borne diseases in the United States are Lyme disease, West Nile virus (WNV) and Rocky Mountain spotted fever. (reviewofoptometry.com)
Last year, Louisiana saw 34 cases of West Nile virus neuroinvasive disease in the state, which was down from 2002's high of 204 cases of West Nile virus neuroinvasive disease. (la.gov)
Chikungunya is an infection caused by the chikungunya virus. (happytravelbird.com)
The organization has also invested in the development of rapid response platforms to develop vaccines against Disease X (the threat of an unknown virus). (cepi.net)
This virus belongs to the same family of viruses that causes the common cold, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and COVID-19. (cepi.net)
The virus appears to cause more severe disease in older people, people with weakened immune systems, and those with chronic diseases such as renal disease, cancer, chronic lung disease, and diabetes. (cepi.net)
Toscana virus infection is not a notifiable disease at the EU/EEA level and there is no EU case definition. (europa.eu)
However, Toscana virus infection case definitions have been proposed in the literature [3]. (europa.eu)
Serological data such as seroconversion or a four-fold increase in paired sera would also be applicable to Toscana virus as well as the presence of IgM in a unique serum sample is indicative of a probable case of infection. (europa.eu)
Toscana virus was first isolated in 1971 from sand flies collected in the Tuscany region of Italy and first evidence for its propensity to cause human disease was reported in 1983 [5]. (europa.eu)
HHV-3, also known as varicella-zoster virus (VZV), causes the primary infection chickenpox and the secondary reactivation disease herpes zoster. (medscape.com)
HHV-4, also known as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), causes the primary infection infectious mononucleosis , and it is implicated in various diseases, such as African Burkitt lymphoma , other immunoproliferative disorders, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. (medscape.com)
[ 5 , 6 ] In a localized primary infection, the virus penetrates the mucosal epithelium and invades the cells of the basal layer, where the viral DNA inserts into the host DNA. (medscape.com)
Crucially, we show that their saliva, which cannot cause leaky blood vessels and cannot enhance infection of virus in mammalian host, does not contain sialokinin. (leeds.ac.uk)
"Mosquito saliva enhances virus infection through sialokinin-dependent vascular leakage" is published in PNAS journal on 8 June 2022, 8pm UK time. (leeds.ac.uk)
The various areas that Marius Gilbert examines in his Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 study include Influenza A virus and Infection control. (research.com)
None of the tibroviruses, except for Bas-Congo virus, have been associated with any diseases. (wikimili.com)
Bas-Congo virus (BASV) was discovered in 2009 in the Democratic Republic of Congo in a blood sample collected from a 32-year-old male who survived a severe illness resembling hemorrhagic fever. (wikimili.com)
There is no evidence of human exposure or any disease associated with the virus. (wikimili.com)
TIBV is an orphan virus and not associated with any disease. (wikimili.com)
Dengue is caused by a virus (to make matters worse, there are actually four separate but related dengue viruses, all of which cause disease) and is often called "breakbone fever" because its main identifying symptoms are high fever and aching bones or joints. (cdc.gov)
Japanese encephalitis (previously known as Japanese B encephalitis to distinguish it from von Economo's A encephalitis) is a disease caused by the mosquito-borne Japanese encephalitis virus. (news-medical.net)

Ecological changes have favored the geographic expansion of the vector and, since the dengue pandemic in the Asian and Pacific regions, the infection became widely distributed worldwide, reaching Brazil in 1845. (hindawi.com)
This is a descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional and retrospective study conducted through analysis of patientsÂ´ records treated at two public hospitals of reference for treatment of infectious and parasitic diseases (IPD) in the city of Campo Grande/MS, Brazil, during an epidemic in 2013. (imed.pub)
Introduction: Dengue is configures in recent decades as an important cause of morbidity and mortality in Brazil and around the world reaching the tropical and subtropical areas. (researchgate.net)
For two years, I led an international NIH R01 project investigating the dynamics of the biggest YF outbreak in Brazil, including the description of a new syndrome, Late-relapsing hepatitis after yellow fever (DOI 10.3390/v12020222), and risk factors for severe YF. (stanford.edu)
It is postulated that this arbovirus was brought from the Pacific Islands during sports events in Brazil in 2014 18,22 . (bvsalud.org)

The current COVID-19 pandemic shows the devastating impact emerging zoonotic diseases can have on societies. (erasmusmc.nl)

This discussion attempts to simplify the microbiology of each viral family with emphasis on disease manifestations and risk factors. (medscape.com)
See Cutaneous Manifestations of HIV Disease and Cutaneous Manifestations of Hepatitis C for information on these viral infections. (medscape.com)

Neutrophils during Arboviral Infections" Encyclopedia , https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/11625 (accessed December 10, 2023). (encyclopedia.pub)

Yellow fever is a mosquito-borne viral disease that occurs mainly in the tropics. (msdmanuals.com)
Dengue is the most important reemerging mosquito-borne viral disease worldwide. (hindawi.com)

In 2022 Sudan encountered the most widespread infection of both diseases. (who.int)
The disease is widespread throughout the tropics, with local spatial variations in risk influenced strongly by rainfall, temperature and unplanned rapid urbanization. (who.int)
Vector-borne diseases are widespread in Europe. (slideshare.net)

Symptomatic infections vary from a mild, flu-like illness known as dengue fever (DF) to a life-threatening form called severe dengue (SD) [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
Treatment of chikungunya disease is symptomatic. (merckmanuals.com)
Expectant mothers infected with coxsackievirus B may remain minimally symptomatic, but their infants can acquire the infection perinatally and develop a potential fatal illness, with the infection targeted mainly toward the heart. (medscape.com)

In 1967 he presented the first paper describing severe dengue hemorrhagic fever as the result of a second infection by one of the other four types of dengue, a phenomenon now known as antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). (wikipedia.org)
Severe dengue was previously known as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF)/dengue shock syndrome (DSS) [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
This very serious syndrome is known as severe dengue or dengue hemorrhagic fever. (reviewofoptometry.com)
Between 50 and 100 million cases occur each year, including about 500,000 of the really severe hemorrhagic fever type, and the numbers continue to increase. (cdc.gov)
And the third severe presentation of the disease includes hemorrhagic fever, would involve bleeding or a patient bleeding from their eyes, gums, or the other indication events or something like that. (cdc.gov)

However, in vulnerable populations, such as newborns, infants, the elderly and immune-compromised individuals, these opportunistic pathogens can also affect the lower respiratory tract, causing a more severe disease (e.g., pneumonia). (mdpi.com)
Each year these pathogens sicken millions of people around the world each year, killing tens of thousands. (news-medical.net)
Movement of people (for tourism, work, etc.) and increased exchange of goods through a range of types of transportation (e.g. containers, aircraft cargoes) may play a crucial role for the (re)introduction and establishment of "novel" vector species and pathogens in previously disease free areas [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
They serve as the first line of defense against incoming pathogens, quickly mobilizing to the site of infection [ 1 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

Vector-borne infection results in some of the world's most destructive diseases-many of which have emerged as increasing threats to human health in this age of globalization. (reviewofoptometry.com)
Vector-borne diseases are especially difficult to prevent, predict and control. (reviewofoptometry.com)
As key examples of the changing pattern of distribution of canine vector borne diseases (CVBDs), the current distribution of canine leishmaniosis (CanL) by Leishmania infantum and dirofilariosis by Dirofilaria immitis causing heart worm disease (HW) in Italy is discussed on the basis of retrospective historical reports until the 90's and later on until 2009. (biomedcentral.com)

Others have mild symptoms, and some have a severe, life-threatening illness. (msdmanuals.com)
Knowledge about the pathogenesis of dengue infection is limited, but both viral and immune host factors appear to be associated with severe illness [ 26 ]. (hindawi.com)
Chikungunya disease is an acute febrile illness followed by more chronic polyarthritis that can persist for months or years and be severe and disabling. (merckmanuals.com)
HHV-6, which can produce acute infection in CD4 + T lymphocytes, causes roseola infantum , a febrile illness that affects young children. (medscape.com)
Experimental infections of cattle produced viremia, but no observable signs of illness. (wikimili.com)
One remote health facility, they had undifferentiated febrile illness, like they were with fever and headache, and sometimes severe symptoms. (cdc.gov)
It is a severe, flu-like illness that affects infants, young children and adults, but seldom causes death. (who.int)

His primary areas of investigation include Biological dispersal, Socioeconomics, Livestock, Outbreak and Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. (research.com)
Marius Gilbert spends much of his time researching Biological dispersal, Socioeconomics, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, Livestock and Evolutionary biology. (research.com)

Arboviruses are known to cause large-scale epidemics in many parts of the world. (encyclopedia.pub)

In 2009, the American Association of Blood Banks (AABB) published a detailed description of 68 infectious agents capable of being transmitted by blood transfusion and prioritizing emerging infectious diseases for which there was not yet an implemented intervention. (medscape.com)

Some people with yellow fever have no or mild symptoms, but others have more severe symptoms such as yellow skin (jaundice), fever, headache, muscle aches, and bleeding. (msdmanuals.com)
Some people then recover, but others develop a high fever, nausea, vomiting, and severe generalized pain a few hours or days after the initial symptoms subside. (msdmanuals.com)
Doctors suspect yellow fever when people living in an area where the infection is common have typical symptoms. (msdmanuals.com)
He was one of the first researchers to identify the phenomenon known as antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), where the antibodies generated from a first dengue infection can sometimes worsen the symptoms from a second infection. (wikipedia.org)
People who do get sick may have mild to severe symptoms that usually begin four to ten days after a bite from an infected mosquito. (medlineplus.gov)
It is mostly used for people who have symptoms related to dengue fever and have recently traveled to an area where dengue infections are common. (medlineplus.gov)
Symptoms of severe dengue may begin 24 to 48 hours after the fever has gone away. (medlineplus.gov)
Only a very small number of infected individuals will show the serious symptoms associated with the neuroinvasive disease. (la.gov)
MERS-CoV infection typically causes respiratory symptoms including cough, shortness of breath and pneumonia. (cepi.net)
The most common symptoms are a debilitating fever and headache, but more serious disease can occur and some infections prove fatal. (leeds.ac.uk)
Viruses are good inducers of interferon, which can account for the flulike symptoms of infection. (slideshare.net)
There is no vaccine or antiviral medicine for this disease, so those who have dengue-like symptoms should see a physician. (cdc.gov)
However, in about 10% of the patients they develop sort of severe symptoms. (cdc.gov)
However, the severe symptoms include ocular disease (one would have, like, lesions and bleeding in their eye), and that can lead to vision loss or blindness. (cdc.gov)
The treatment is mainly just giving some medication for the symptoms, like for the fever and headache, and supportive care for the severe cases. (cdc.gov)

Viruses, except rubella and hepatitis C, are arboviruses. (slideshare.net)

Movement of tick-infested livestock over great distances is an important factor in the extensive distribution and prevalence of many tick species and tick-borne disease agents. (merckvetmanual.com)

Region 2008-2015 and the Asia Pacific Strategy for Emerging Diseases 2010. (who.int)

In 2010, the combined total revenue acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), tuberculo- of the top six tobacco companies in the world was approximately sis, and malaria combined ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
Similar to some other major diseases, Malaria is also affecting millions of individuals all over the world and 90% of those are from Africa. (solotravel.org)
A growing number of Calgarians who travel abroad are coming home with malaria, according to a new University of Calgary study that suggests fewer residents are taking the right steps to ward off the tropical disease.If you are looking this kind of content, you have come to the right place. (solotravel.org)
However, severe malaria can progress extremely rapidly and cause death within hours or days. (happytravelbird.com)
Ayman Ahmed] For some of the diseases like reported ones like malaria and other diseases, there is basic surveillance. (cdc.gov)
Most of the time, arboviral infection are treated after being diagnosed as malaria. (cdc.gov)

Charles Franklin Craig helped establish the viral etiology of dengue fever in 1907, (1) so it is appropriate that I talk about this disease today. (cdc.gov)
Yellow fever is one of the most easily recognized and historically important viral infections. (msdmanuals.com)
30 to 60% of people with severe bleeding and fever die. (msdmanuals.com)
2 ). In Sudan, arboviral infections include yellow fever, ( 19-25 ). (who.int)
Most of mosquito-borne viruses (MBVs) belong to the Flaviviridae , Togaviridae and Bunyaviridae families and can cause severe human diseases including haemorrhagic fever, biphasic fever, encephalitis, and meningitis [1]. (researchsquare.com)
Chikungunya disease usually presents with acute fever. (merckmanuals.com)
Chikungunya disease is suspected in patients who live in or have traveled to endemic areas if they develop sudden fever and arthralgias. (merckmanuals.com)
Yellow fever causes 200,000 infections and 30,000 deaths every year. (happytravelbird.com)
However, for arboviral diseases including Rift Valley Fever, nothing is established yet. (cdc.gov)
This paper discusses the importance of Dengue Fever (DF) as an emerging disease in the world. (rjptonline.org)
1. Heydari M, Metanat M, Rouzbeh-Far MA, Tabatabaei SM, Rakhshani M, Sepehri-Rad N, Keshtkar-Jahromi M. Dengue fever as an emerging infection in southeast Iran. (rjptonline.org)

This investigation examined available travel history of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases reported in the U.S. in whom laboratory testing showed one of these initial VOCs. (cdc.gov)
According to the World Health Organisation , 5.2 million people contracted the disease in 2019. (leeds.ac.uk)

The study incorporates disciplines such as Spatial epidemiology, Biosecurity and Disease surveillance in addition to Veterinary medicine. (research.com)

Due to the lack of efficient vaccines, the control of mosquito-borne diseases primarily relies on the management of the vector. (researchsquare.com)
Why do we respond differently to infections or vaccines? (pasteur.fr)
Infectious diseases are among the most frequent problems affecting travelers, many of which are preventable by vaccines, medicines, and precautionary measures. (rsbmt.org.br)
Despite the success of several vaccines against viral diseases, this success has not been materialized yet against cancer. (medicalresearch.com)

DFV is considered as the most serious of these infections, because of the rare but potentially severe dengue shock syndrome" that can lead to death. (biomedcentral.com)

aegypti-borne disease in the 1990s. (cdc.gov)
A. aegypti mosquito is the main vector responsible for the transmission of this disease, which is predominant in tropical weather regions. (biomedcentral.com)

significant circulation of the disease and difficulties in The history of arboviral infections in Sudan dates differentiating it from other diseases, including measles, back to the past century with noticeably increased during diagnosis. (who.int)
86 of them met the criteria for the diagnosis of dengue with warning signs (DCWS) and five as severe dengue (SD). (imed.pub)

In addition, ticks can harm their hosts directly by inducing toxicosis (eg, sweating sickness, tick paralysis Tick Paralysis ) caused by salivary fluids containing toxins), skin wounds susceptible to secondary bacterial infections and screwworm infestations, and anemia and death. (merckvetmanual.com)

Infection by Taenia solium poses a major burden across endemic countries. (imperial.ac.uk)
DENV is endemic in most urban centers of the tropics and a dramatic increase in urbanization has created ideal conditions for increased transmission of dengue disease. (ird.fr)
The disease is endemic to urban and suburban areas across the tropics and subtropics of the world. (rjptonline.org)

As key examples of changing pattern of distribution of CVBDs, here we discuss the current distribution of these diseases, which are regarded among the most important and severe CVBDs of zoonotic concern. (biomedcentral.com)

The heaviest burden of dengue is in the Asia Pacific countries, where about 1800 million people are at risk of infection. (who.int)
Even a short time outside, particularly during dusk or dawn, may pose a risk of infection. (la.gov)
Direct or indirect contact with infected dromedary camels, including animal husbandry, care, and slaughter, increases the risk of infection with MERS-CoV. (cepi.net)
MERS-CoV can infect people of any age, however middle-aged adults are at highest risk of infection. (cepi.net)
Half of the world's population is now at risk of infection. (leeds.ac.uk)

Patients with severe vision loss or bilateral involvement have been successfully treated with systemic steroids and occasionally immunoglobulins. (reviewofoptometry.com)
Viruses establish systemic infection and viremia. (slideshare.net)

Organisms3

Diseases4

Zika38

Mosquitoes26

Centers for Diseas4

Aedes9

Health Organization16

Vectors4

Asymptomatic8

Viral infection6

ZIKV7

Humans11

CHIKV18

20181

Clinical14

Infectious disease16

Prevalent2

Arthropods4

Outbreaks7

Spread8

Collaborating Centre2

Flavivirus3

Arthropod-borne viruses1

Arboviral disease4

Aseptic meningitis2

Virus28

Brazil5

Pandemic1

Manifestations2

20231

Mosquito-borne viral disease2

Widespread3

Symptomatic3

Hemorrhagic fever5

Pathogens4

Vector-borne3

Illness7

Acute respiratory syndrome2

Epidemics1

Emerging Infectio1

Symptoms15

Rubella1

Species1

Asia Pacific Strategy for Emerging Diseases1

Malaria6

Fever11

20192

Epidemiology1

Vaccines4

Dengue shock syndrome1

Aegypti2

Diagnosis2

Ticks1

Endemic3

Zoonotic1

Risk of infection5

Systemic2