Wherein aliphatic organic acids hydroxy acids. Medical search. Frequent questions

In this way, fumarate and maleate esters give malic acid derivatives. (wikipedia.org)
For this reason, we prepared eight derivatives of lignite humic acids using either water-soluble N-Ethyl-N′-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) or water-insoluble N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) under various conditions. (researchgate.net)
Avenic acid B, also known as avenate b, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as gamma amino acids and derivatives. (hmdb.ca)
Derivatives of ethylene, a simple organic gas of biological origin with many industrial and biological use. (lookformedical.com)
An arylation/alkenylation of homoenolates from cyclopropanol precursors with boronic acids provides β-substituted enone and dienone derivatives in good yields. (organic-chemistry.org)
Acetaldehyde is primarily used to manufacture acetic acid, but it is also used in the manufacture of ethyl acetate, peracetic acid, pyridine derivatives, perfumes, dyes, plastics and synthetic rubber. (iloencyclopaedia.org)
The present invention relates to a novel process for the conversion of steroidal carboxylic acids to carbothioate derivatives such as fluticasone propionate via novel intermediates. (allindianpatents.com)
The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a new method for the preparation of steroidal carbothioic acid and derivatives thereof such as fluticasone propionate, especially a method in which a number of the relevant method steps may be performed as a continuous one-pot synthesis. (allindianpatents.com)

Alpha hydroxy acids, or α-hydroxy acids (also known as 2-hydroxy acids), are a class of chemical compounds that consist of a carboxylic acid with a hydroxyl group substituent on the adjacent (alpha) carbon. (wikipedia.org)
Compounds of this class are used on the industrial-scale and include glycolic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, and mandelic acid. (wikipedia.org)
Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxy fatty acids. (foodb.ca)
Organic compounds containing the carboxy group (-COOH). (lookformedical.com)
This group of compounds includes amino acids and fatty acids. (lookformedical.com)
Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. (lookformedical.com)
Organic compounds containing a carbonyl group in the form -CHO. (lookformedical.com)
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as l-alpha-amino acids. (drugbank.com)
In the present work, valence stabilization of divalent iron during gamma irradiation was studied in presence of some organic additives, belonging to some other classes of organic compounds such as Phenol (aromatic alcohol), Acetone (aliphatic ketone), 4-Aminopyridine (heterocyclic amino compound) and Hydrazine hydrate (aliphatic amino compound) to complement our previous studies. (scirp.org)
In the present work, the protective effect occurring due to the presence of additives belonging to different classes of organic compounds namely, Phenol (aromatic alcohol), Acetone (aliphatic ketone), 4-Aminopyridine (aromatic heterocyclic nitrogen compound) and Hydrazine hydrate (aliphatic amine) on divalent iron ions during extended gamma irradiation, has been studied. (scirp.org)
Aliphatic compounds in which the -OH group is attached directly to an alkyl group e.g. ethanol. (docbrown.info)
Aldehydes are members of a class of organic chemical compounds represented by the general structural formula R-CHO. (iloencyclopaedia.org)
Acrolein is used as a starting material for the manufacture of many organic compounds, including plastics, perfumes, acrylates, textile finishes, synthetic fibres and pharmaceuticals. (iloencyclopaedia.org)
Kojic acid is composed of glucose by Aspergillus Candida in 30~32 ℃ under aerobic fermentation, having the antibacterial effect of organic acid, molecular structure is for substituted gamma pyrone, in naturally occurring γ-pyranone compounds, well-known compounds are only kojic acid and maltol. (lookchem.com)
Compounds 2a-2h and 3a-3h were obtained in 55% - 90% yield after briefly maintaining equimolar quantities of 2-mercaptobenzoic acid hydrazide 1 and the appropriate aldehyde during 10 - 15 min in methanol solution at room temperature (Experimental part). (scirp.org)
Show how each of the following compounds can be converted into benzoic acid. (ncertguess.com)
OBJECTIVE: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are used in the sterilization and manufacture of medical equipment. (cdc.gov)
CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to volatile organic compounds is pervasive in newborns undergoing cardiac surgery. (cdc.gov)

The net reaction is: RCH(Cl)CO2H + H2O → RCH(OH)CO2H + HCl Unsaturated acids and esters also hydrate. (wikipedia.org)
An enantioselective alkoxycarbonylation-amination cascade process of terminal allenes with CO, methanol, and arylamines proceeds under mild conditions (r.t., ambient pressure CO) via oxidative Pd(II) catalysis using a chiral aromatic spiroketal-based diphosphine ligand and a Cu(II) salt as an oxidant to afford various α-methylene-β-arylamino acid esters in good yields with excellent enantioselectivity and high regioselectivity. (organic-chemistry.org)
Within the field of steroids the use of coupling agents have also found use, especially in the preparation of carbothioic acids and esters of the androstane series (e.g. (allindianpatents.com)
Liquid polysulfide polymers are soluble in solvents like benzene, toluene, and dichlorethane, and are partially soluble in aliphatic esters and ketones. (adhesivesmag.com)
en)Disclosed are novel (meth)acrylic esters of unsaturated amino alcohols, a process for their preparation and their use for preparing crosslinked swellable hydrogel-forming polymers and crosslinked swellable hydrogel-forming polymers. (vtex.vn)
DE-A-196 46 484 describes fluid-absorbing polymers which are preparable using a crosslinker-monomer combination consisting of three components, the first component being a compound having a (meth)allyl and a (meth)acrylic ester function, the second component being mono(meth)acrylic esters or mono)(meth)allyl alcohol ethers of polyalkylene glycols and the third component being esters of unsaturated acids with polyols or di- or triallylamine or bisacrylamides. (vtex.vn)

Lastly, α-keto aldehydes can undergo the Cannizaro reaction to give α-hydroxy acids: RC(O)CHO + 2 OH− → RCH(OH)CO2− + H2O 2-Hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butyric acid is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of 3-dimethylsulfoniopropionate, precursor to natural dimethyl sulfide. (wikipedia.org)
A simple and mild TEMPO-CuCl catalyzed aerobic oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols in ionic liquid [bmim][PF 6 ] gave the corresponding aldehydes and ketones with no trace of overoxidation to carboxylic acids. (organic-chemistry.org)
The important reactions of aldehydes include oxidation (whereby carboxylic acids are formed), reduction (with the formation of alcohol), aldol condensation (when two molecules of an aldehyde react in the presence of a catalyst to produce a hydroxy aldehyde), and the Cannizzaro reaction (with the formation of an alcohol and the sodium salt of an acid). (iloencyclopaedia.org)
The aromatic aldehydes and the higher aliphatic aldehydes are used in the manufacture of perfumes and essences. (iloencyclopaedia.org)
It has been shown by 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy that 2-mercaptobenzoyl- hydrazones of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes exist in solution as tautomeric mixtures of linear and cyclic benzo-1,3,4-thiadiazepine forms. (scirp.org)
Tautomerism of 2-mercaptobenzoylhydrazones of aliphatic aldehydes 2a-2h. (scirp.org)
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 12 Aldehydes Ketones and Carboxylic Acids is designed and prepared by the best teachers across India. (ncertguess.com)

The genetic defect in Sjögren-Larsson syndrome results in deficient activity of FALDH, which catalyzes the oxidation of fatty aldehyde to fatty acid. (medscape.com)
8] FALDH is a component of the fatty alcohol:NAD oxidoreductase enzyme complex that catalyzes the sequential oxidation of fatty alcohol to aldehyde and fatty acid. (medscape.com)

A cyclized derivative of L-GLUTAMIC ACID. (lookformedical.com)

α-Hydroxy acids are useful building blocks in organic synthesis. (wikipedia.org)
A carboxylic-acid-directed oxidative Heck reaction enables a direct synthesis of 4-aryl-3-butenoic acids in good yields. (organic-chemistry.org)
Butyraldehyde is used in organic synthesis, mainly in the manufacture of rubber accelerators, and as a synthetic flavoring agent in foods. (iloencyclopaedia.org)
It is used in the synthesis of amino acids and in the manufacture of perfumes, flavorings, plasticizers and gasoline additives. (iloencyclopaedia.org)
These ethylhexanoate complexes are used in organic and industrial chemical synthesis. (anon.co.kr)
Coupling agents and enhancers have primarily been used in peptide chemistry where the need to activate carboxylic acids in order to facilitate peptide couplings has been recognized for decades (Handbook of Reagents for Organic Synthesis, Activating Agents and Protecting Groups, ed. (allindianpatents.com)
Synthesis and separation of diastereomeric N-(1-phenylethyl)amides of inherently chiral hydroxydibenzoyloxy-calix[4]arene acetic acids (2022) Chirality, 34(11),pp.1466-1471.https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0 85136719766&doi=10.1002%2fchir.23503&partnerID=40&md5=21fd40d69ba3d6b5c9bc10e56bcd406. (org.ua)
The goal of our research is to discover, develop, and understand new reactions mediated by homogeneous catalysis for organic and polymer synthesis. (u-tokyo.ac.jp)
For example, we reported the synthesis of α-hydroxy acids via reductive coupling of an aldehyde and CO 2 mediated by a Cu complex. (u-tokyo.ac.jp)

They are susceptible to acid-catalyzed decarbonylation to give, in addition to carbon monoxide, a ketone/aldehyde and water. (wikipedia.org)
α-Hydroxy acids are prepared by adding hydrogen cyanide to a ketone or aldehyde, followed by acidic hydrolysis of the resulting cyanohydrin product. (wikipedia.org)

A visible-light-induced nickel-catalyzed cross coupling of alkyl carboxylic acids with N -trifluoroethoxyphthalimide is described. (beilstein-journals.org)
Under purple light irradiation, an α-hydroxytrifluoroethyl radical generated from a photoactive electron donor-acceptor complex between Hantzsch ester and N -trifluoroethoxyphthalimide was subsequently engaged in a nickel-catalyzed coupling reaction with in situ-activated alkyl carboxylic acids. (beilstein-journals.org)
These are keto acids with an alkyl chain the contains less than 6 carbon atoms. (ecmdb.ca)

Theoretically any organic compound with an -OH group can behave like an acid in water. (docbrown.info)
Adipic Acid TCC's Adipic Acid is a mildly toxic, white, crystalline compound. (crefap.org)
This organic compound is the most important synthetic dicarboxylic acid produced annually. (crefap.org)
WO 2006/135881 describes quaternized ammonium salts prepared by condensation of a hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent and of an oxygen- or nitrogen-containing compound with a tertiary amino group, and subsequent quaternization by means of hydrocarbyl epoxide in the presence of stoichiometric amounts of an acid, especially acetic acid. (trea.com)

such as sodium sulfite, or some organic additives such as aliphatic alcohols, aldehyds or acids prior to irradiation. (scirp.org)
There is nothing in the structure of aliphatic alcohols (C-OH) that can stabilise the alkoxide anion. (docbrown.info)
There is usually no reaction with sodium hydrogencarbonate, although more strongly acidic than alcohols, phenols are still weaker than 'carbonic acid' and will not liberate carbon dioxide from carbonate or hydrogencarbonate ions. (docbrown.info)
A facile nickel-catalyzed oxidation of primary alcohols with tetrabutylammonium peroxydisulfate in the presence of ammonium hydrogen carbonate under basic aqueous conditions provides access to various aliphatic, aromatic and heterocyclic nitriles in excellent yields with very high purity. (organic-chemistry.org)
In Sjögren-Larsson syndrome , FALDH deficiency impairs fatty alcohol oxidation and leads to accumulation of 16- and 18-carbon-long aliphatic alcohols. (medscape.com)

These are amino acids having a (-NH2) group attached to the gamma carbon atom. (hmdb.ca)
A class of amino acids characterized by a closed ring structure. (lookformedical.com)
Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins. (lookformedical.com)
These are alpha amino acids which have the L-configuration of the alpha-carbon atom. (drugbank.com)
Better combination of kojic acid and other agents (such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), placenta extract, amino acids, sunscreen agents and various kinds of plant extracts, etc. (lookchem.com)
1997. Human neutrophils employ the myeloperoxidase hydrogen peroxide-chloride system to convert hydroxyl-amino acids into glycolaldehyde, 2-hydroxypropanal, and acrolein. (cdc.gov)

Alpha hydroxy acids are stronger acids than the corresponding non-alpha hydroxy carboxylic acid. (wikipedia.org)
The present invention provides a method which comprises A) reacting a steroidal carboxylic acid or a salt thereof with a coupling agent alone or in conjunction with a coupling enhancer, and B) reacting the product of step A) with a nucleophilic agent comprising a sulfur atom. (allindianpatents.com)
The intermediate (such as an ester of formula (III)) is very suitable for use in a method for the conversion of a steroidal carboxylic acid to a steroidal carbothioic acid or a carbothioate. (allindianpatents.com)
Isononanoic acid is a critical carboxylic acid intermediate used in the production of high quality polyol ester based synthetic lubricants for refrigeration & aviation fluids. (knowde.com)

Adipic acid is found to be associated with HMG-CoA lyase deficiency, carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency, malonyl-Coa decarboxylase deficiency, and medium Chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, which are inborn errors of metabolism. (crefap.org)

Beta hydroxy acid Hydroxybutyric acid Omega hydroxy acid Atzori L, Brundu MA, Orru A, Biggio P (March 1999). (wikipedia.org)
Patients with Sjögren-Larsson syndrome accumulate leukotriene B4 and its omega-hydroxy metabolite, which are probably responsible for the pruritus seen in this disease. (medscape.com)

Yang Pu, Canfa Wang , Philip A. Meyers*, Origins of biomarker aliphatic hydrocarbons in sediments of alpine Lake Ximencuo, China. (geobiology.cn)
There is no chemical compatibility to water or aliphatic hydrocarbons. (adhesivesmag.com)

Crotonaldehyde is used in the manufacture of n-butyl alcohol and crotonic acid and in the preparation of surface active agents, pesticides and chemotherapeutic agents. (iloencyclopaedia.org)

Measurement and Correlation for Solubilities of Adipic Acid in Acetic Acid + ε-Caprolactone Mixtures and Cyclohexanone + ε-Caprolactone Mixtures. (crefap.org)

Barkat, Djamel 2017-05-04 00:00:00 AbstractThe synergistic solvent extraction of cobalt (II) from sulfate aqueous solutions with capric acid (HL) and tri-n-octylphosphine oxide (TOPO) intochloroform, has been studied. (sagepub.com)

In this study, we present urinary 6-hydroxy-2,4-cyclohexadienyl mercapturic acid (pre-PhMA), a metabolite that undergoes acid-catalyzed dehydration to form PhMA, as a novel and specific urinary biomarker for assessing benzene exposure. (cdc.gov)

Recently, the introduction of a trifluoromethyl group into organic molecules has received great attention due to their wide applicability in medicinal [18,19] and materials [20,21] chemistry. (beilstein-journals.org)
The name of the book is GRB A Textbook Of Organic Chemistry For JEE 1st Year Programme and its authors are Dr. A.K. Virmani and Dr. OP Tandon. (internshipslive.com)
This organic chemistry book by OP Tandon progresses from fundamental to advanced concepts. (internshipslive.com)
Hope this ebook, helps you in the journey of your organic chemistry preparation for JEE. (internshipslive.com)
The company delivers solutions in organic chemistry, process technology and application development that lead to high-growth niches such as powder and UV-cured coatings, plasticizers, synthetic lubricants and grain preservation. (knowde.com)
Inhibition of glutathione S-transferases by photoactive calix[4]arene α-ketophosphonic acids (2022) Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 77, статья № 129019. (org.ua)
Latent Carbene: Diaminomethylation of Thiophenes (2022) European Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2022 (40), статья № e202201048, https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0 85141140169&doi=10.1002%2fejoc.202201048&partnerID=40&md5=4c633098cff3308dda103ba441e8cb93. (org.ua)
Our research focuses on organic chemistry. (u-tokyo.ac.jp)

Method for producing 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid and methacrylic acid from acetone cyanohydrin. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Determination of the Adipic Acid Solubility Curve in Acetone by Using ATR-FTIR and Heat Flow Calorimetry. (crefap.org)

This could make avenic acid b a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. (hmdb.ca)
Phenyl mercapturic acid (PhMA) is a commonly used urinary biomarker to assess benzene exposure. (cdc.gov)
Furthermore, the relationship between benzene exposure and urinary pre-PhMA levels was explored by examining the correlation of pre-PhMA with 2-cyanoethyl mercapturic acid, a smoke exposure biomarker. (cdc.gov)

These are fatty acids in which the chain bears a hydroxyl group. (foodb.ca)

Phenols are very weakly acid when dissolved in water. (docbrown.info)
The considerable increase in strength, albeit phenols are still very weak acids, is due to the stabilisation of the 'phenoxide' anion by the negative charge being delocalised to some extent by the pi orbitals benzene (aromatic ring) - illustrated below. (docbrown.info)

Sodium Formate (CAS: 141-53-7) is a high purity organic sodium salt. (knowde.com)

Adipic acid is an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid with the formula (CH2)4 (COOH)2. (crefap.org)
Adipic acid (butane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid, C6 H 10 O 4) (Figure 27) is a white crystalline powder of C6-straight chain dicarboxylic acid, and is one of the most used chemicals in the world today (Table 1). (crefap.org)

Glycolic acid can also be used to form compact polymers, or poly(glycolic acid) (PGA). (wikipedia.org)
The resulting polymer has an aliphatic polymer backbone structure with low-temperature flexibility down to approximately -55°C. In addition, it provides chemical resistance to solvents, oils, fuels, and bases of all commercially available polymers due to its high sulfur content. (adhesivesmag.com)

Method for preparing a steroidal carbothioic acid by reacting steroidal carboxylic acids or salts with carbodiimides alone or in conjunction with a coupling enhancer followed by reaction with a nucleophilic sulfur containing agent. (allindianpatents.com)

The reaction usually is conducted with base, followed by an acid workup. (wikipedia.org)
Therefore no reaction with sodium hydrogencarbonate would be expected, not strong enough an acid. (docbrown.info)
Ubiquitous carboxylic acids can serve as starting materials for a photocatalytic decarboxylative C-O bond formation reaction that provides rapid and facile access to the corresponding acetoxylated products. (organic-chemistry.org)
A direct metal-free α-hydroxylation of α-unsubstituted β-oxoesters and β-oxoamides using m -chloroperbenzoic acid as the oxidant enables straightforward metal-free access to important α-hydroxy-β-dicarbonyl moieties under mild reaction conditions. (organic-chemistry.org)
A Mizoroki-Heck type reaction of boronic acids proceeds under a Pd(II)-mediated pathway using a catalytic amount of Pd(OAc) 2 in the presence of Cu(OAc) 2 as an oxidant. (organic-chemistry.org)
Air-stable defined Ni precatalysts enable a general and efficient coupling of challenging aryl chlorides and in situ generated aliphatic and aromatic thiolates at unprecedented moderate catalyst loadings and reaction temperatures. (organic-chemistry.org)

Formic acid is an important chemical produced in over 700,000 t per year for such as preservatives and insecticides. (u-tokyo.ac.jp)
Current industrial production of formic acid generally employs carbon monoxide and water. (u-tokyo.ac.jp)
We also developed highly active catalysis to get formic acid using an organic base. (u-tokyo.ac.jp)

It is activated by mechanochemical method, and then humic acid and fulvic acid are extracted by alkali-soluble acid purification technology. (researchgate.net)

In this work, we tested the procedures to crosslink functional groups in polar domains of humic acids by using carbodiimide coupling and analyzed to which extent influenced the modification their hydration properties and stability. (researchgate.net)

The existence of organic additives in Fe(II) acidic solutions, enhances valence stability of the divalent iron ions against oxidation during continuous gamma irradiation. (scirp.org)

Beta hydroxy acid, by definition, is an organic acid possessing a hydroxy group at the secods carbon counting from the carboxyl group. (smartskincare.com)

It reflects the relative molecular mass or aromatic condensation degree of humic acid. (researchgate.net)
The mechanochemical methods can increase the molecular condensation degree and molecular relative mass of humic acid, but reduce the molecular condensation degree and molecular relative mass of fulvic acid. (researchgate.net)

Prominent examples are glycolic acid, lactic acid, mandelic acid and citric acid. (wikipedia.org)
Lactic acid and its cyclic ester (lactide) are precursors to polylactic acid (PLA). (wikipedia.org)
Mannoproteins released during alcoholic fermentation also enhance the growth and malolactic fermentation of lactic acid bacteria. (anon.co.kr)
Most of the mechanisms described in literature are based on co-initiation by impurities, including water or lactic acid. (anon.co.kr)

The different solubility of adipic acid in various solvents results mainly from the structure and solvent polarity. (crefap.org)
In 1912, it was named by Yabuta and in 1924 to determine the structure of kojic acid. (lookchem.com)
We note that the hydrazones obtained using the hydrazides of 2-hydroxy- and 2-aminobenzoic acids have linear structure. (scirp.org)

In 1953, Arnstela (surface fermentation) and in1971 Kitada Makio (submerged fermentation) using isotope tracing technique converted that kojic acid is glucose without carbon frame fracture direct oxidation and dehydration to form. (lookchem.com)

However, in salicylic acid, the bond between the alpha and beta carbon is aromatic (part of benzene ring) rather than aliphatic (part of simple saturated carbon chain) as in most beta hydroxy acids. (smartskincare.com)

Which acid from each of the following pairs would you expect to be a stronger acid? (ncertguess.com)

Solubility of succinic acid, glutaric acid and adipic acid in propionic acid + ε-caprolactone + water mixtures: Experimental measurement and thermodynamic modeling. (crefap.org)
Solubilities of Adipic Acid in Cyclohexanol + Cyclohexanone Mixtures and Cyclohexanone + Cyclohexane Mixtures. (crefap.org)
Solubility of succinic acid, glutaric acid and adipic acid in propionic acid + ε-caprolactone mixtures and propionic acid + cyclohexanone mixtures: Experimental measurement and thermodynamic modeling. (crefap.org)
Synergistic Extraction Study of Cobalt (II) by Mixtures of Capric Acid and Tri-n-octylphosphine. (sagepub.com)

The results show that mechanochemical the method can improve the extraction rate of humic acid and fulvic acid in peat. (researchgate.net)
The product can be isolated by a simple extraction with organic solvent, and the ionic liquid can be recycled or reused. (organic-chemistry.org)
Pd(II) extraction experiments were conducted using single-metal Pd(II) solutions, simulated mixed palladium group metal (PGM) solutions, and acid-leached automotive catalyst residue solutions. (nature.com)
99.9%) Pd(II) extraction from the mixed PGM/base metal solutions and the acid-leached automotive catalyst residue solution. (nature.com)
Extractant 1 exhibited very selective Pd(II) extraction and high acid stability, demonstrating its industrial applicability for the extraction of Pd(II) from leached automotive catalyst liquors containing PGMs and base metals. (nature.com)
A remarkable enhancement on the extraction of cobalt (II) with capric acid was observed upon the addition TOPO. (sagepub.com)

Distribution of microbial lipids at an acid mine drainage site in China: Insights into microbial adaptation to extremely low pH conditions. (geobiology.cn)

That behavior depends on the type and concentration of the organic additive used. (scirp.org)

Anatomy3

Organisms1

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs37

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment5

Phenomena and Processes7

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science1

Derivatives8

Compounds18

Esters6

Aldehydes7

Fatty acid2

Derivative1

Synthesis9

Ketone2

Alkyl3

Compound4

Alcohols5

Amino acids6

Carboxylic acid4

Acyl1

Omega.hydroxy2

Hydrocarbons2

Alcohol1

Acetic acid1

Oxide1

Metabolite1

Chemistry8

Acetone2

Biomarker3

Hydroxyl group1

Phenols2

Sodium salt1

Dicarboxylic2

Polymers2

Sulfur1

Reaction6

Formic acid3

Soluble1

Functional groups1

Divalent1

Carboxyl group1

Molecular2

Lactic acid4

Structure3

Dehydration to form1

Benzene1

Stronger1

Mixtures4

Extraction6

Lipids1

Concentration1