• Rice straw hydrolysate obtained through enzymatic hydrolysis of rice straw was used as a substrate for bioethanol production. (scialert.net)
  • Apple bagasse and orange peel were subjected to high-pressure homogenization (HPH), enzymatic hydrolysis (EH) and their combination (HPHE) to study their effect on oligosaccharide production and in vitro fermentability. (bvsalud.org)
  • In vitro fermentation of the hydrolysates containing COS-2 and POS showed faster fermentation rates, between 6 and 10â ¯h, and enhanced gas production, compared to those samples not subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Cellulases responsible for the hydrolysis of cellulose are composed of three major enzymes. (scialert.net)
  • Conversion of lignocelluloses to ethanol employs three major steps including: (1) substrate pretreatment, (2) hydrolysis with a combination of enzymes to reduce the cellulose to glucose and (3) microbial fermentation of glucose to ethanol ( Sun and Cheng, 2002 ). (scialert.net)
  • Katz, A. Weak-Acid Sites Catalyze Crystalline-Cellulose Hydrolysis to Glucose in Water: Importance of Carbon Post-Synthetic Surface Functionalization. (sinica.edu.tw)
  • Katz A. Catalytic Hydrolysis of Cellulose to Glucose Using Weak-Acid Surface Sites on Postsynthetically Modified Carbon. (sinica.edu.tw)
  • ExpressPlus™ PAGE Gels are casted in a weak acidic pH buffer that minimizes the hydrolysis of polyacrylamide and results in extra gel stability. (genscript.com)
  • The hydrolysis rates measured in buffer solutions, of the twelve acetals studied were found to be dependent on the concentration of undissociated acid and shown to be authentic examples of general acid catalysis, with reference to current opinions that such observations might be manifestations of solvent, electrolyte or buffer effects. (gla.ac.uk)
  • The hydrolysis of benzaldehyde methyl acetyl acylal, the possible intermediate of acetate anion nucleophilic attack on benzaldehyde phenyl methyl acetal, was found to be general acid catalysed, and is believed to be the first reported example of buffer catalysis in acylal hydrolysis. (gla.ac.uk)
  • A buffer is made up of a weak acid and its conjugate base. (msdmanuals.com)
  • U(H2O)x]4+ ⇌ [U(H2O)x−1(OH)]3+ + H+ The pKa for this reaction is ca. 1.6, so hydrolysis is absent only in solutions of acid strength 1 mol dm−3 or stronger (pH (wikipedia.org)
  • It seemed not unreasonable to assume that the same process occurs also in the hydrolysis reaction. (gla.ac.uk)
  • define the term salt and determine what salt is formed in a neutralization reaction between a strong acid and a strong base, a strong acid and a weak base and a weak acid and a strong base. (okstate.edu)
  • write the hydrolysis reaction which occurs when a salt of a weak acid and a strong base is added to water and determine the magnitude of the equilibrium constant for the reaction. (okstate.edu)
  • Students also review weak and conjugate acids and bases, equilibrium constants, K a values and more. (flinnsci.com)
  • The following topics are listed for acids and bases by the College Board: concepts of Arrhenius, Brønsted-Lowry and Lewis, coordination complexes, amphoterism, p K a and pH, buffers and hydrolysis. (flinnsci.com)
  • calculating the pH of solutions of weak acids and bases. (unict.it)
  • ionic equilibrium - ionization of acids and bases, strong and weak electrolytes, degree of ionization, concept of pH. (agristudyinfo.com)
  • Subsequently β-glucosidase hydrolyses glucose dimers to glucose. (scialert.net)
  • On hydrolysis by cellulase, the 2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl-β-glycoside is immediately hydrolysed to 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol and free D-glucose by the β-glucosidase in the substrate mixture. (megazyme.com)
  • Fe2+ or Ca2+), like a weak acidic ion exchanger. (helamin.com)
  • In the new study, Kushad and his team looked for the products of glucosinolate hydrolysis, which activate enzymes involved in detoxification of cancer-causing molecules. (foodrevolution.org)
  • Hydrolysis by exo -acting enzymes such as β-glucosidase and exo -β-glucanase is prevented by the presence of the benzylidene group on the non-reducing end D-glucosyl residue. (megazyme.com)
  • We used immunochemistry and tandem mass tag (TMT) quantitative proteomics to simultaneously track patterns of structural loss and of peptide bond hydrolysis. (cam.ac.uk)
  • The structural loss of carbohydrate and protein groups was investigated by immunochemical techniques (ELLA and ELISA) and peptide bond hydrolysis was studied by tracking the changes in protein/peptide relative abundances over time using TMT quantitative proteomics. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Eight hydrolysis-prone peptide bonds were identified in the top scoring shell sequence, the uncharacterised protein LOC117318053 from Pecten maximus. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Peptide bonds undergo uncatalyzed hydrolysis with a t = of 400 years,[4] a value that greatly exceeds the lifespan of most organisms. (pdffox.com)
  • The two compounds differ, with CETP being a comparatively weaker cancer-fighter than AITC. (foodrevolution.org)
  • The kinetics of the hydrolysis of benzaldehyde substituted (X) - phenyl methyl acetals and substituted (Y)-benzaldehyde phenyl methyl acetals were measured in pivalate , acetate, d1-deutero-acetate, beta-chloropropionate, formate and chloroacetate buffers, and in hydrochloric and deutero-chloric acids. (gla.ac.uk)
  • The hydrolysis of p-methylbenzaldehyde methyl S-phenyl thioacetal was carried out in weak acid buffers, and the results suggested, although not conclusively, that this substrate might also be catalysed by undissociated acid. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Bronsted and Hammett linear free energy relationships were found to correlate the ca catalytic constants obtained from the hydrolysis of both (X) and (Y) substituted-acetyl series. (gla.ac.uk)
  • It is a temporary straightening since it changes only weak hydrogen bonds, in a process named keratin hydrolysis. (songvault.fm)
  • The formation of a weak hydrogen bond between water molecules is due to a partially positive hydrogen atom and a more electronegative oxygen atom. (biologyreader.com)
  • When weak acids or weak bases react with water, they make strong conjugate bases or conjugate acids, respectively, which determines the pH of the salt. (shodor.org)
  • The polycarboxylates (as sodium salt) cause at every temperature an alkalinization because of hydrolysis. (helamin.com)
  • Air pollution that contributes to weathering of rock generally contains weak concentrations of strong acids such as sulfuric and nitric acid . (encyclopedia.com)
  • Concentrations of various glucosinolate hydrolysis products differed according to USDA grade, with U.S. Fancy having greater allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) and U.S. No. 1 having greater 1-cyano 2,3-epithiopropane (CETP). (foodrevolution.org)
  • The solvent must be completely free of dissolved water, or hydrolysis will occur, with the solvent, S, picking up the released proton. (wikipedia.org)
  • The conjugate base can accept H + and the weak acid can relinquish it, thereby minimizing changes in free H + concentration. (msdmanuals.com)
  • 3. Weak chloro complexes of the aqua ion may be formed. (wikipedia.org)
  • First, it combines with carbon dioxide in the soil to form a weak acid called carbonic acid . (encyclopedia.com)
  • Here we show that flagellar secretion in Salmonella enterica requires the proton motive force (PMF) and does not require ATP hydrolysis by FliI. (nature.com)
  • These findings show that the flagellar secretion apparatus functions as a proton-driven protein exporter and that ATP hydrolysis is not essential for type III secretion. (nature.com)
  • The results obtained were all indicative of an A-SE2 mechanism in the general acid catalysed hydrolysis of aromatic aryl methyl acetals, with concerted proton transfer to phenolic oxygen and carbon-phenolic oxygen bond fission in the rate limiting step and where incipient carbonium ion stability and leaving group ability, rather than a high relative degree of proton transfer in the transition state, were commensurate to faster hydrolysis rates. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Interestingly, these were not the expected "weak" bonds based on published theoretical stabilities calculated for peptides in solution. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Published estimates of the log K value for the formation of [UCl]3+(aq) vary from −0.5 to +3 because of difficulty in dealing with simultaneous hydrolysis. (wikipedia.org)
  • The rate of formation of 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol is therefore directly related to the hydrolysis of BCNPG3 by the endo -cellulase. (megazyme.com)
  • The weak acid decomposes the insoluble rock into watersoluble products that move into the groundwater. (encyclopedia.com)
  • Give four examples of strong bases and four examples of weak bases. (okstate.edu)
  • the initial rate of hydrolysis of methyj acetate(1M) by a weak acid (HA, 1M) is 1/100th of that of a strong acid ( HX, 1M) at 25 degree celcius. (askiitians.com)
  • describe the difference between a strong acid and a weak acid. (okstate.edu)
  • Give four examples of strong acids and four examples of weak acids. (okstate.edu)
  • Weak Base-Weak Acid Titration-Start the review with a titration of a weak acid with a weak base. (flinnsci.com)
  • calculate the magnitude of the equilibrium constant for a weak acid or weak base given the initial concentration of the weak acid or base and the pH of the solution. (okstate.edu)
  • Recent advances in the study of acetal hydrolysis and the use of acetals in model systems for the investigation of enzymically catalysed hydrolysis are reviewed. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Studies demonstrated that resin-dentin bond strength decreases over time and that the hydrolysis of collagen fibrils is responsible for such reduction, even in the absence of interfacial gaps. (bvsalud.org)
  • There was a weak correlation between personal exposure to airborne PA and the total urinary phthalate concentration of the post shift samples. (cdc.gov)
  • Weak swarming motility and rare flagella were observed in a mutant deleted for FliI and for the non-flagellar type-III secretion ATPases InvJ and SsaN. (nature.com)
  • The aziridinium ion, its hydrolysis product, and the dimer were synthesized to evaluate directly their effects on norepinephrine uptake in rabbit thoracic aorta. (aspetjournals.org)