Organisms
Bufonidae
AnuraBufoGenusCommon ToadFrogsTadpolesEndemicSpadefoot toads2016FamilyInciliusSnout-vent lengthNeotropicalDuttaphrynusCordillera OccidentalLarvalAdultPost-metamorphicSpecies of toadBiogeographyLarvaeSwampsTaxonomicPondsAndeanHotspotTerrestrialHabitatIndiaDiversificationReproductiveGlandsPanamaFoundTrueAustralian
Anura7
  • Una nueva especie de Atelopus A.M.C. Duméril & Bibron 1841 (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae) de la Cordillera Occidental de Colombia. (recentlyextinctspecies.com)
  • A new giant species of Arthroleptis (Amphibia: Anura: Arthroleptidae) from the Krokosua Hills Forest Reserve, south-western Ghana. (wikimedia.org)
  • A new species of Phrynobatrachus (Amphibia: Anura: Phrynobatrachidae) from north-western Guinea, West Africa. (wikimedia.org)
  • Detailed checklist from Lotzkat S, Wehrenberg G, Haas M, Köhler G (2021) Amphibians (Amphibia, Anura and Caudata) and reptiles (Reptilia, Squamata) from the headwaters of Río Guázaro on the Caribbean versant of Veraguas province, western Panama. (gbif.org)
  • Chan, K.O., Abraham, R.K. & Badli-Sham, B.H. (2020) A revision of the Asian tree toad complex Rentapia hosii (Anura: Bufonidae) with the description of a new species from Peninsular Malaysia. (mapress.com)
  • Potential Current and Future Distribution of the Andean Toad Rhinella spinulosa Wiegmann, 1834 (Anura: Bufonidae): Is the Species Vulnerable to Climate Change? (bioone.org)
  • These include the Anura (frogs and toads), Caudata (salamanders and newts) and Gymnophiona (caecilians). (wikipedia.org)
Bufo7
  • Bufo spinosus is a large and robust toad with a snout-vent length of 58.6 - 112 mm in males and 65 - 180 mm in females. (amphibiaweb.org)
  • The subspecies are the Eastern Japanese Common Toad ( Bufo japonicus formosus ) and the Western Japanese Common Toad ( Bufo japonicus japonicus ). (gonefroggin.com)
  • id: 1039 AKEF, M.S.A. (1998): Comparison of acclamatory patterns of two species of the genus Bufo in Egypt (Amphibia, Bufonidae). (amphibiaweb.org)
  • id: 1040 AKEF, M.S.A. & H. SCHNEIDER (1993): Reproductive behavior and mating call pattern in Degen's toad, Bufo vittatus, in Egypt (Bufonidae, Amphibia). (amphibiaweb.org)
  • V.- Bufonidae: genres Bufo, Werneria et Nectophryne. (amphibiaweb.org)
  • The aim of this study was to compare the metabolic profiles of amplectant Asiatic toad (Bufo gargarizans) males in the breeding period (BP group) and the resting males in the non-breeding period (NP group). (bvsalud.org)
  • En este estudio, la producción de anticuerpos fue evaluada contra eritrocitos de oveja (EO) en el anuro Bufo arenarum , luego de seis inyecciones semanales de dosis subletales de plomo (50 mg.kg -1 , como acetato de Pb). (scielo.org.ar)
Genus5
  • Revision of the genus Rustia Stål, 1866 (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Cicadinae) including a generic synonymy, four new combinations, and two new species from the Western Ghats, India. (ncbs.res.in)
  • Parallel diversification of the African tree toad genus Nectophryne (Bufonidae). (eco-evo-devo.com)
  • The Neotropical Toad Genus Atelopus. (recentlyextinctspecies.com)
  • The genus Scaphiopus has southern spadefoot toads with three species, and the genus Spea has four species that are known as western spadefoot toads. (globalstaffingprofessionals.com)
  • The ever popular pet toads of the genus Bombina . (frogforum.net)
Common Toad4
  • The Japanese Common Toad lives on the islands of Kyusyu, Shikoku, Hokkaido, and Honshu of Japan. (gonefroggin.com)
  • The International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List categorizes the Japanese Common Toad as Least Concern for Extinction. (gonefroggin.com)
  • The common toad is scientifically known as Epidalea calamita. (bolschare.com)
  • The common toad is found in various parts of Europe, from north-western Europe to regions of southern Europe. (bolschare.com)
Frogs4
  • Golden frogs are known only from the Cerro Campers-Valle de Anton region of western Panama. (thatpetplace.com)
  • Catastrophic population declines and extinctions in Neotropical harlequin frogs (Bufonidae: Atelopus). (recentlyextinctspecies.com)
  • Sell your frogs and toads? (frogforum.net)
  • The living ones are frogs (including toads ), salamanders (including newts ) and caecilians . (wikipedia.org)
Tadpoles5
  • Herbivory by spadefoot toad tadpoles and reduced water level affect submerged plants in temporary ponds. (eco-evo-devo.com)
  • 2020. Movement patterns, maximum distances traveled and microhabitat selection of spadefoot toad tadpoles in temporary ponds. (eco-evo-devo.com)
  • Opposite and synergistic physiological responses to water acidity and predator cues in spadefoot toad tadpoles. (eco-evo-devo.com)
  • After hatching, the aquatic larvae develop into tadpoles and undergo metamorphosis to become adult toads. (bolschare.com)
  • They often swim in large schools at the bottom of water bodies and take one month to develop into toads, although tadpoles in colder areas can take longer, and tadpoles in warm shallow water can develop in just 10 days. (australian.museum)
Endemic1
  • The Western Ghats of India and highlands of Sri Lanka are a global biodiversity hotspot, i.e. they contain several endemic animal and plant species which are recognised as being distinct at a high taxonomic level [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Spadefoot toads2
  • 2021. Cross-species transcriptomics uncovers genes underlying genetic accommodation of developmental plasticity in spadefoot toads. (eco-evo-devo.com)
  • 2019. De novo assembly and annotation of the larval transcriptome of two spadefoot toads widely divergent in developmental rate. (eco-evo-devo.com)
20161
  • The male's coat, like that of other gorillas, greys as the animal matures, resulting in the designation "silverback".There are far fewer eastern lowland gorillas compared to western lowland gorillas.According to a 2004 report there were only about 5,000 eastern lowland gorillas in the wild, down to fewer than 3,800 in 2016, compared to over 100,000 western lowland gorillas. (animalia.bio)
Family4
  • Incilius majordomus, also known as the Chief's toad, is a species of frog in the family Bufonidae. (wikipedia.org)
  • Most people are surprised to learn that this species is classified in the family Bufonidae, along with the familiar American toad. (thatpetplace.com)
  • It belongs to the family Bufonidae, which includes several species of toads. (bolschare.com)
  • However, especially within the family of true toads (Bufonidae) there is a tendency for species to lose parts of the middle ear apparatus and consequently have a reduced sensitivity to high-frequency sounds (above 1â kHz). (bvsalud.org)
Incilius1
  • Incilius majordomus is a moderately sized toad, with males reaching 78mm in length and females growing up to 91mm. (wikipedia.org)
Snout-vent length1
  • The middle ear was functional at the earliest at a snout-vent length of 40â mm, which for these toads was around 500â days post-metamorphosis, close to the time of first reproduction. (bvsalud.org)
Neotropical1
Duttaphrynus1
  • For example, not included in Kraus's (2008) review is the recent invasion of south-eastern Madagascar by the Asian toad, Duttaphrynus melanostictus , which is believed to have arrived in container shipments and has now colonised a growing area around the port of introduction in Toamasina (Kolby et al. (scielo.org.za)
Cordillera Occidental1
  • Knownn only from the type locality on the western slope of the Cordillera Occidental in the Department of Antioquia, Colombia. (amnh.org)
Larval1
  • Our analyses also revealed a previously unrecognized adaptive radiation of toads containing a variety of larval and adult ecomorphs. (biomedcentral.com)
Adult2
  • Adult toads have a light brown or yellow-brown back, with darker patches and spots. (australian.museum)
  • Adult toads, with their very large body size, dry warty skin, and large parotoid glands on the shoulders, do not look similar to any of Australia's native species. (australian.museum)
Post-metamorphic2
  • 2020. Shifts in the developmental rate of spadefoot toad larvae cause decreased complexity of post-metamorphic pigmentation patterns. (eco-evo-devo.com)
  • We made a detailed study of anatomy and biophysics of the middle ear with measurements of auditory sensitivity across age in post-metamorphic natterjack toads (Epidalea calamita). (bvsalud.org)
Species of toad2
  • It can be differentiated from other sympatric species of toad by its intensely red-colored iris. (amphibiaweb.org)
  • A very large species of toad reaching up to 15 cm in body length, and occasionally attaining 25 cm. (australian.museum)
Biogeography2
  • Using c. 6000 base pairs of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, we investigated the evolutionary history and biogeography of true toads (Bufonidae), a group that colonized the Indian Subcontinent after the Indo-Asia collision. (biomedcentral.com)
  • relevant literature: Lotzkat S (2014) Diversity, taxonomy, and biogeography of the reptiles inhabiting the highlands of the Cordillera Central (Serranía de Talamanca and Serranía de Tabasará) in western Panama. (gbif.org)
Larvae1
  • Maintenance of phenotypic plasticity is linked to oxidative stress in spadefoot toad larvae. (eco-evo-devo.com)
Swamps1
Taxonomic3
  • Three new species of Protosticta Selys, 1885 (Odonata: Zygoptera: Platystictidae) from the Western Ghats, India, with taxonomic notes on P. mortoni Fraser, 1922 and rediscovery of P. rufostigma Kimmins, 1958. (ncbs.res.in)
  • High taxonomic level endemism in the Western Ghats-Sri Lanka biodiversity hotspot has been typically attributed to the subcontinent's geological history of long-term isolation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Re-description of the type series of Nectophrynoides viviparus (Bufonidae), with a taxonomic reassessment. (wikimedia.org)
Ponds1
  • The reproduction of the racer toad involves the laying of eggs in bodies of water, such as temporary ponds. (bolschare.com)
Andean1
  • The most suitable areas for its distribution are its current range, extending to the north, as well as on the western Andean slope and Argentine Patagonia. (bioone.org)
Hotspot2
  • After arrival in the Western Ghats-Sri Lanka hotspot, toads diversified in situ , with only one lineage able to successfully disperse out of these mountains. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Formerly published data evidenced that another malformation hotspot of amphibians was situated at the Western Ghats, peninsular India. (folium.ru)
Terrestrial2
Habitat1
  • 2018. Micro-habitat distribution drives patch quality for sub-tropical rocky plateau amphibians in the northern Western Ghats, India. . (ncbs.res.in)
India2
  • the western part of the Garhwal Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India. (folium.ru)
  • Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel, Ministry of Environment and Forests, India (cited from Modak et al. (folium.ru)
Diversification1
  • Molecular dating estimates and biogeographic analyses indicate that the early diversification of this clade happened in the Western Ghats and Sri Lanka during the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene. (biomedcentral.com)
Reproductive1
  • These results suggest that amplectant male toads are metabolically more active than those during the non-breeding period, and this metabolic adaptation increases the likelihood of reproductive success. (bvsalud.org)
Glands2
  • This small, up to 3 inch (76 mm) long toad has round parotoid glands, a characteristic which distinguishes it from other toad species in the region. (desertmuseum.org)
  • Adults have large parotid glands on the shoulders, which secrete toxins when the toad is under threat. (australian.museum)
Panama1
  • A. varius is found from western Panama to the Canal Zone, through Central Talamanca and Chiriqui, and on both the Atlantic and Pacific slopes of the Cordilleras de Tilaran in Costa Rica (Savage 1972). (amphibiaweb.org)
Found3
  • School Days of the 1930's, 40's and 50's were a time when pigtails found their way into inkwells and little boys made friends with toads. (darwindower.com)
  • This toad is found from southern Nevada to southwestern Kansas, south to Hidalgo, Mexico, and throughout Baja California. (desertmuseum.org)
  • We found that the developmental stage of the middle ear depends on the size of the toad rather than its age. (bvsalud.org)
True1
Australian1
  • These toxins often kill Australian native predators that try to eat the toad, which has resulted in massive ecological damage as the toad expands into new areas in vast numbers. (australian.museum)