Weight gestational age association between maternal maternal age. Medical search. Frequent questions

Maternal prepregnancy hemoglobin concentration has rarely been explored as a risk of poor birth outcomes. (nature.com)
Garn SM, Ridella SA, Petzold AS, Falkner F . Maternal hematologic levels and pregnancy outcomes. (nature.com)
A health statistics review uses existing health data from data sources like birth certificates and health registries to determine whether health outcomes in a particular community are occurring at a higher, lower, or about the same level compared to statewide or national levels after taking into account factors such as gender and age of individuals within the community. (cdc.gov)
Declining birth weight in the United States might therefore lead to adverse health outcomes in both early life and later adulthood. (dukeupress.edu)
7 There is little evidence that low-to-moderate alcohol consumption is associated with adverse birth outcomes, 4 , 8 although studies have shown that light-to-moderate consumption (1-4 drinks/week) may be associated with behavioural and mental-health problems in children aged 4-8 years. (bmj.com)
To evaluate associations between maternal anxiety or depression and adverse pregnancy outcomes, taking possible familial confounding and interaction with asthma into account, we conducted a cohort study of all singleton births in Sweden 2001-2013. (diva-portal.org)
As the evolving literature examining birth outcomes increasingly recognizes their multifactorial nature, Dr. Keiser seeks to understand the complex interactions between genetics, environmental context, maternal age and racial/ethnic background that drive both outcomes and disparities. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Background: Maternal sensitivity, or high quality maternal caregiving, in which the mother leads and structures the infant's early experiences in a responsive way, is associated with improved child development outcomes and health, both in the immediate and long term, and thus an important area of public health research. (columbia.edu)
Aim: This study investigates the association of several factors: (1) maternal depressive symptomology, (2) breastfeeding, (3) concurrent maternal alcohol intake and (4) infant biological vulnerability upon outcomes of (1) Maternal Sensitivity and (2) Infant Cognitive Development, as well as their effect on the association between senstivity and cognitive development. (columbia.edu)
It is possible that associations of GWG with outcomes do not result from GWG itself, but rather to underlying factors that influence both weight gain and the outcomes (e.g., maternal diet composition or physical activity level). (nationalacademies.org)
1 , 3 Excess weight at the beginning of pregnancy and excess gestational weight gain (GWG) have been associated with adverse maternal and infant health outcomes such as a large for gestational age (LGA) infant, cesarean delivery, or preterm birth. (uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org)
The prevalence of obesity continues to rise and its direct association with multiple co-morbidities has substantial effect on disease outcomes and increased health care spending. (napcrg.org)
Some studies have identified relationships between PFAS exposure and reproductive outcomes, although the evidence regarding the pathway and significance of associations is mixed. (biomedcentral.com)
Birth weight and related outcomes have profound influences on life cycle health, but the effect of maternal hemoglobin concentration during pregnancy on birth weight is still unclear. (lstmed.ac.uk)
Information on maternal socio-demographic status, health-related factors, antenatal visits, and neonatal birth outcomes were collected. (lstmed.ac.uk)
The secondary outcomes included incidence of large for gestational age (LGA) babies as defined by birth weight greater than the 90th percentile as well as incidence of SGA and LGA in preterm and term gestations. (bvsalud.org)
The unresolved "epidemiological paradox" concerns the association between low socioeconomic status and unexpectedly favourable birth outcomes in foreign born mothers. (bmj.com)
The "healthy migrant" effect concerns the association between foreign born status per se and birth outcomes. (bmj.com)
In this study we investigated whether these joint introductions of tobacco control policies in the Netherlands were associated with changes in key perinatal outcomes known to be associated with maternal smoking and/or SHS exposure. (nature.com)
We expected the association between greenness and birth outcomes to disappear once we accounted for other environmental exposures such as air pollution and noise. (thebump.com)
Several retrospective studies have shown an association between a short interpregnancy interval (IPI) and adverse maternal and newborn outcomes: low birth weight (LBW), small for gestational age (SGA), preterm birth, premature preterm rupture of membranes (PPROM), and maternal death [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
A new paper in the Journal of the American Medical Association found that Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP), a prenatal and early child home visiting program, did not improve birth outcomes for low-income mothers in South Carolina. (scienceblog.com)
The randomized evaluation measured maternal and newborn health as a composite outcome indicating whether a participant experienced any of the following adverse birth outcomes: preterm birth, low birth weight, small for gestational age, or perinatal death. (scienceblog.com)
Background: Variations in cardiovascular disease risk (CVD) are suggested to be partly influenced by factors that affect prenatal growth patterns and outcomes, namely degree of maternal investment (proxied by birth weight and gestational age). (zu.ac.ae)
The Brazil Ministry of Health (MoH) established a task force to investigate the possible association of microcephaly with Zika virus infection during pregnancy and a registry for incident microcephaly cases (head circumference ≥2 standard deviations [SD] below the mean for sex and gestational age at birth) and pregnancy outcomes among women suspected to have had Zika virus infection during pregnancy. (cdc.gov)
Further studies are needed to confirm the association of microcephaly with Zika virus infection during pregnancy and to understand any other adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with Zika virus infection. (cdc.gov)
For nearly 3 decades, the World Health Organization (WHO) has argued that although Cesarean deliveries clearly improve maternal and child health outcomes when medically indicated, a population-level Cesarean section rate of greater than 10-15% is not linked with better health outcomes [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between smoke from prescribed burning and cardiorespiratory outcomes in the U.S. state of Kansas. (cdc.gov)
Associations between air pollution metrics and birth outcomes were investigated using generalized additive models, adjusting for maternal age, parity, race/ethnicity, insurance status, poverty, gestational age and sex of the infants. (biomedcentral.com)
It's a brilliant analysis because it separates gestational diabetes from Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes and reports outcomes according to severity of gestational diabetes, which have been major confounding factors in other analyses. (hencigoer.com)
After adjusting for maternal age and birthweight, they compared outcomes overall among the diabetes types with normoglycemic women and in pregnancies reaching 37 weeks between GDM subtypes vs. normoglycemic women. (hencigoer.com)
Objective To evaluate the breadth, validity, and presence of biases of the associations of vitamin D with diverse outcomes. (bmj.com)
Ten outcomes were examined by both meta-analyses of observational studies and meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials, but the direction of the effect and level of statistical significance was concordant only for birth weight (maternal vitamin D status or supplementation). (bmj.com)
Conclusions Despite a few hundred systematic reviews and meta-analyses, highly convincing evidence of a clear role of vitamin D does not exist for any outcome, but associations with a selection of outcomes are probable. (bmj.com)
Association of gestational weight gain with maternal and infant outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (scielosp.org)
Gestational weight gain across c4ontinents and ethnicity: systematic review and meta-analysis of maternal and infant outcomes in more than one million women. (scielosp.org)
As part of the China-Anhui Birth Cohort study, maternal sociodemographic characteristics, food intake, lifestyle, information on vitamin D supplementation, and birth outcomes were prospectively collected. (medscape.com)

This study examined whether women with anemia before pregnancy would be at higher risk of preterm birth, low birth weight (LBW) and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) birth. (nature.com)
Relation of hemoglobin measured at different times in pregnancy to preterm birth and low birth weight in Shanghai, China. (nature.com)
High and low hemoglobin levels during pregnancy: differential risks for preterm birth and small for gestational age. (nature.com)
Multiple factors have been shown to increase likelihood of infant macrosomia, including preexisting obesity, diabetes, or dyslipidemia of the mother, gestational diabetes, post-term pregnancy, prior history of a macrosomic birth, genetics, and other factors. (wikipedia.org)
Obesity prior to pregnancy and maternal weight gain above recommended guidelines during pregnancy are another key risk factor for macrosomia or LGA infants. (wikipedia.org)
ABSTRACT To investigate the consequences of maternal malaria during late pregnancy, we conducted a preliminary study in the 2 hospitals in Al Hodeidah on 276 women who had uncomplicated vaginal deliveries. (who.int)
Data con- maternal (100/10 000 live births, 1991) and cerning personal and obstetric history, the infant (78.8/1000 live births, 1998) mortal- current pregnancy and pregnancy outcome ity rates have been recorded [ 8 ]. (who.int)
Inadequate maternal weight gain, cannabis use during pregnancy, and birth order have been identified as 3 new potential risk factors for Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorders in children, new research shows. (medscape.com)
A prospective study of 6090 children from the prospective Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) showed that less than adequate maternal weight gain during pregnancy and being born first were significantly associated with Tourette syndrome in the offspring by the age of 13 or 14 years. (medscape.com)
All of these risk factors are newly reported pregnancy-related associations for these disorders. (medscape.com)
A primary objective of the study was to determine whether potential risk factors identified for Tourette's in previous studies ― including maternal prenatal smoking and alcohol use, excessive vomiting during pregnancy, complications of delivery, low birth weight, and young gestational age at birth ― could be validated. (medscape.com)
Maternal smoking during pregnancy is an established risk factor for low infant birth weight, but evidence on critical exposure windows and timing of fetal growth restriction is limited. (plos.org)
Here we investigate the associations of maternal quitting, reducing, and continuing smoking during pregnancy with longitudinal fetal growth by triangulating evidence from 3 analytical approaches to strengthen causal inference. (plos.org)
We analysed data from 8,621 European liveborn singletons in 2 population-based pregnancy cohorts (the Generation R Study, the Netherlands 2002-2006 [ n = 4,682]) and the Born in Bradford study, United Kingdom 2007-2010 [ n = 3,939]) with fetal ultrasound and birth anthropometric measures, parental smoking during pregnancy, and maternal genetic data. (plos.org)
A consistent linear dose-dependent association of maternal smoking with fetal growth was observed from the early second trimester onwards, while no major growth deficit was found in women who quit smoking early in pregnancy except for a shorter FL during late gestation. (plos.org)
Maternal smoking during pregnancy is an established risk factor for low infant birth weight. (plos.org)
We analysed data from 8,621 white European liveborn singletons from 2 population-based pregnancy cohorts to assess the associations of maternal quitting, reducing, and continuing smoking during pregnancy with the longitudinal growth of different fetal parameters (weight, head circumference, femur length, and abdominal circumference). (plos.org)
In this study, we sought to assess the association between maternal urinary phenol concentrations in pregnancy and fetal growth. (cdc.gov)
Also in males, we noted inverse associations between average triclosan exposure over pregnancy and estimated fetal weight combined with birth weight in repeated measures models. (cdc.gov)
In conclusion, we observed inverse associations between indicators of maternal phenol exposure during pregnancy and fetal growth, with several differences observed by sex. (cdc.gov)
The emphasis of the report Nutrition During Pregnancy (IOM, 1990) was on the short-term consequences of gestational weight gain (GWG). (nationalacademies.org)
The USPSTF recommends that clinicians offer pregnant persons effective behavioral counseling interventions aimed at promoting healthy weight gain and preventing excess gestational weight gain in pregnancy. (uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org)
Pathogenesis of obesity is multifactorial but some risk factors have been associated with maternal health during pregnancy. (napcrg.org)
This study aims to reveal the associations between maternal hemoglobin concentrations in different trimesters of pregnancy and neonatal birth weight, LBW, and SGA. (lstmed.ac.uk)
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection during pregnancy is associated with severe maternal coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and preterm birth and may increase the risk for other complications of pregnancy ( 1 - 5 ). (cdc.gov)
There were no significant interactions with maternal pre-pregnancy overweight or pregnancy weight gain. (nih.gov)
We evaluated the association between receipt of inactivated influenza vaccine during pregnancy and prematurity and small for gestational age (SGA) births. (johnshopkins.edu)
Conclusions: This study demonstrates an association between immunization with the inactivated influenza vaccine during pregnancy and reduced likelihood of prematurity during local, regional, and widespread influenza activity periods. (johnshopkins.edu)
Previous literature, however, typically does not address selection biases stemming from correlations of pre-pregnancy weight and reproductive health with Cesarean delivery. (biomedcentral.com)
We used fetal malpresentation as a natural experiment as it predicts Cesarean delivery but is uncorrelated with pre-pregnancy weight or maternal health. (biomedcentral.com)
Using propensity score methods, we compared maternal weight prior to the second pregnancy of mothers who delivered via Cesarean due to fetal malpresentation to mothers who deliver vaginally. (biomedcentral.com)
We found no evidence that Cesarean delivery in the first pregnancy causally leads to greater maternal weight, BMI, or movement to a higher BMI classification prior to the second pregnancy. (biomedcentral.com)
After accounting for correlations between pre-pregnancy weight, gestational weight gain, and mode of delivery, there is no evidence of a causal link between Cesarean delivery and maternal weight retention. (biomedcentral.com)
Pre-pregnancy weight or BMI is also correlated with both gestational weight gain and postpartum weight [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
However, we can confirm previous findings of perinatal determinants as high maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, and smoking during pregnancy being risk factors for childhood overweight. (nih.gov)
Children whose mothers had a higher exposure to certain phthalates during pregnancy tend to show smaller total gray matter in their brains at age 10 . (neurosciencenews.com)
The study also found that maternal exposure to plasticizers during pregnancy is associated with lower child IQ at age 14, which confirmed the results of two previous study on the topic. (neurosciencenews.com)
Higher maternal concentrations in urine during pregnancy of monoisobutyl phthalic acid (mIBP), a metabolite of diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP), were associated with smaller white matter only in girls. (neurosciencenews.com)
Previously we found that certain fetal imprinted genes represented as an allele score are associated with maternal pregnancy glucose concentrations. (biomedcentral.com)
Recently it was reported that fetal polymorphisms with strong associations with birth weight tend to mediate these independently of increases in maternal pregnancy glucose concentrations. (biomedcentral.com)
Genetics can have roles in regulating both maternal glucose concentrations in pregnancy and fetal growth expressed as offspring birth weight. (biomedcentral.com)
We recently reported associations between fetal imprinted genes represented as an allele score and both gestational diabetes and maternal glucose concentrations in late pregnancy [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In the current study we therefore examined relationships between our fetal imprinted gene allele score and measures of size at birth, in particular investigating whether any allele score associations with size at birth appear to be attenuated by maternal glucose concentrations in pregnancy. (biomedcentral.com)
This was a cross-sectional study with adult women, normal prepregnancy BMI, single pregnancy and gestational age at delivery ≥28 weeks, from the "Birth in Brazil" study, between 2011 and 2012. (scielosp.org)
National Research Council (USA) Committee to Reexamine IOM Pregnancy Weight Guidelines. (scielosp.org)
To assess the effect of maternal vitamin D supplementation recommended by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) during pregnancy on the neonatal vitamin D status and the risk of small for gestational age (SGA). (medscape.com)
Cord blood levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], calcium, and phosphorus were measured in 1491 neonates who were divided into three groups based on the duration of maternal vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy. (medscape.com)
[ 7 , 8 ] Thus, maternal levels of vitamin D during pregnancy determined the vitamin D status at birth and during early life in offspring. (medscape.com)
Consuming more than this during pregnancy is possibly unsafe and has been linked to an increased risk of miscarriage, increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), and other negative effects, including symptoms of caffeine withdrawal in newborns and lower birth weight. (medlineplus.gov)

Large for gestational age (LGA) is a term used to describe infants that are born with an abnormally high weight, specifically in the 90th percentile or above, compared to other babies of the same developmental age. (wikipedia.org)
A peripheral maternal blood smear was ni infants considered by their mothers to be made by finger prick. (who.int)
The majority of infant studies examining the maternal sensitivity-infant cognition association include either normal birth weight infants or LBW infant samples. (columbia.edu)
Using the LBW category may result in potential misclassification since this group combines at least two different phenomena and includes infants who have had either compromised gestational time as in the case of small for gestational age (SGA), or insufficient gestational time, as in the case of premature birth, or both. (columbia.edu)
In studies using comparison groups, normal birth weight infants are sometimes compared to LBW infants or infants born prematurely. (columbia.edu)
However, none of these studies examine the association between sensitivity and cognitive outcome in infants exclusively premature or SGA. (columbia.edu)
Looking towards the regional and age differential in mortality, this paper attempts to provide evidence for the differential in mortality clustering among infants (aged 0-11 months), children (12-59 months) and under-five (0-59 months) period among mothers from the Empowered Action Group (EAG) and non-EAG regions of India. (biomedcentral.com)
It is widely accepted that maternal drug-exposed infants demonstrate excessive early weight loss, but this has not previously been quantified. (bmj.com)
Among 354 term, substitute methadone-exposed infants, median maximal weight losses were 10.2% and 8.5% for breast- and formula-fed infants, respectively (p=0.003). (bmj.com)
Median weight loss nadir was on day 5, excepting those infants exclusively breastfed (day 4). (bmj.com)
These data suggest that excessive neonatal weight loss among breastfed infants of drug-misusing mothers does not necessarily reflect poorly established lactation and may help to guide management of breast feeding in this population. (bmj.com)
And fewer infants from these areas were considered small for their gestational age. (thebump.com)
Neonates, especially extremely low birth weight infants, are among the groups of patients undergoing transfusion frequently. (e-cep.org)
To study the usefulness of the procalcitonin (PCT) test in young febrile infants between 1 and 3 months of age. (e-cep.org)
Methods: We evaluated the medical records of 336 febrile infants between 1 and 3 months of age who visited the Emergency Department or outpatient department of Samsung Changwon Hospital from May 2015 to February 2017, and analyzed the clinical characteristics. (e-cep.org)
While predominantly affecting developing nations, its impact extends worldwide, influencing maternal health and the survival challenges faced by premature infants. (iaajournals.org)
2,500 g), as well as birth weight as a continuous variable, in term-born infants. (biomedcentral.com)
Extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants exhibit high rates of mortality and morbidity. (hkmj.org)
Extremely low birth weight infants in Hong Kong showed significant mortality and morbidity: there was no survival prior to 23.6 weeks' gestation or below 550 g birth weight in this series. (hkmj.org)
Parents in Hong Kong with extremely low birth weight infants should be counselled regarding expectations for infant survival and associated complications. (hkmj.org)
Hong Kong hospitals can modify their practices to support an increased rate of survival and decreased rate of complications among extremely low birth weight infants. (hkmj.org)
1 2 The survival of ELBW infants has improved significantly with the widespread use of exogenous surfactant agents, maternal steroids, mechanical ventilation, and advancements in neonatal technologies. (hkmj.org)

Title : Association of Maternal Body Mass Index, Excessive Weight Gain, and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus With Large-for-Gestational-Age Births Personal Author(s) : Kim, Shin Y.;Sharma, Andrea J.;Sappenfield, William;Wilson, Hoyt G.;Salihu, Hamisu M. (cdc.gov)
Both increased birth weight and diabetes in the gestational parent are independent risk factors seen to increase risk of shoulder dystocia. (wikipedia.org)
High birth weight may also impact the baby in the long term as studies have shown associations with increased risk of overweight, obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. (wikipedia.org)
The risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus as an adult is 19% higher in babies weighing more than 4,500 g at birth compared to those with birth weights between 4,000 g and 4,500 g. (wikipedia.org)
One of the primary risk factors of LGA births and macrosomia is poorly-controlled maternal diabetes, particularly gestational diabetes (GD), as well as preexisting type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). (wikipedia.org)
It has been demonstrated that while maternal obesity and gestational diabetes are independent risk factors for LGA and macrosomia, they can act synergistically, with even higher risk of macrosomia when both are present. (wikipedia.org)
The USPSTF has made recommendations on screening for obesity in adults, screening for gestational diabetes mellitus, and behavioral counseling interventions to promote a healthy diet and physical activity for cardiovascular disease prevention in adults with and without cardiovascular risk factors. (uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org)
The primary aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between birth weight for gestational age and weight gain trajectories in early childhood and long term incidence of multiple chronic conditions including cardiometabolic disease risk factors (as Types 1 & 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, adult obesity, and hyperlipidemia), Asthma and Polycystic ovarian Syndrom. (napcrg.org)
The Cumulative Incidence of different chronic diseases in this cohort by age 30 year are as follows: Hypertension 3.1%, Hyperlipidemia 4.2%, Types 1&2 Diabetes: 1.9%, Asthma 18.0%, PCOS 2.4% (among 4839 females). (napcrg.org)
Associations have been reported between intrauterine growth restriction and the incidence of several chronic conditions in later life such as type 2 diabetes mellitus[ 1 ] or cardiovascular diseases[ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Gestational Diabetes: Does a New Study Tell Us What Investigators Think It Does? (hencigoer.com)
Floating around the internet is news about a large French study of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and the risks it poses. (hencigoer.com)
In obese adolescents, prediabetes may be transient (with reversion to normal in 2 years in 60%) or progress to diabetes, especially in adolescents who persistently gain weight. (msdmanuals.com)

The aim of the study is to evaluate whether pathologic severity of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is correlated with the incidence of small for gestational age (SGA) and neonatal birthweight . (bvsalud.org)
Data including maternal history , neonatal birthweight , and placental pathology were collected and deidentified. (bvsalud.org)
Interventions to promote birth spacing and improve maternal and neonatal health in this population need to involve male partners and knowledgeable health care providers to be effective. (biomedcentral.com)
Fetal distress was associated only with maternal weight (OR 15.7, CI 1.3 - 187.8), and neonatal distress only with Bishop score (OR 10.9, CI 1.1 - 108.0). (scirp.org)
Although Cesarean delivery has a long record of improving maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity, increased utilization over time has yielded public health concerns and calls for reductions. (biomedcentral.com)
Objective: To provide the first review and meta-analysis of the association between perinatal and neonatal factors and autism risk. (harvard.edu)
Methods: PubMed, Embase, and PsycInfo databases were searched for studies that examined the association between perinatal and neonatal factors and autism through March 2007. (harvard.edu)
Pregnancies complicated by multiple births are associated with a higher rate of neonatal morbidity and mortality, paralleling the increased risk of preterm delivery, low birth weight, and other associated high-risk morbidities. (medscape.com)
The increase in fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality associated with multiple- gestation/birth pregnancies correlates with an increased risk of preterm delivery, low birth weight, and intrauterine growth retardation. (medscape.com)
Ie, the neonatal mortality rate in multiple-fetus pregnancies is similar to singleton rates, increasing with decreasing gestational age. (medscape.com)

Associations with trajectories of estimated fetal weight (EFW) and individual fetal parameters (head circumference, femur length [FL], and abdominal circumference [AC]) from 12-16 to 40 weeks' gestation were analysed using multilevel fractional polynomial models. (plos.org)
and 3) ultrasound estimates of fetal weight from two time points in combination with birth weight. (cdc.gov)
These associations were observed in models that included repeated ultrasound estimates of fetal weight during gestation as well. (cdc.gov)
There was no statistical significance between placental localization and maternal age, gestational age, fetal weight, gender, fetal presentation and heart rate. (bvsalud.org)

Average birth weight and average gestational age were statistically significantly lower in the highly exposed population than in the control area prior to filtration of municipal water supply. (biomedcentral.com)

Recent longitudinal studies has shown that small for gestational age newborns are at a higher risk of mortality compared to normal or large for gestational age newborns. (napcrg.org)
Insufficient gestational weight gain may increase the chance of spontaneous preterm delivery, and, as a consequence, birth of newborns small for gestational age (SGA). (scielosp.org)
However, excessive gestational weight gain in women raises the chances of cesarean delivery, postpartum weight retention, and newborns large for gestational age (LGA). (scielosp.org)

This work supports previous research showing no association between SGA and low-alcohol exposure but adds to evidence of a dose-response relationship with significant risks observed at binge drinking levels. (bmj.com)
Although previous research has established that exposure to high maternal sensitivity advances the outcome of infant cognitive development, factors such as breastfeeding, which is hypothesized to confound the association, or depression, which is negatively associated with sensitivity, have not yet been examined together in a single study. (columbia.edu)
Through reducing maternal smoking and SHS exposure, tobacco control policies have considerable potential to benefit perinatal health. (nature.com)
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have endocrine disrupting properties and they cross the placental barrier, but studies on gestational exposure and child anthropometry are inconclusive. (lu.se)
We aimed to elucidate the impact of early gestational PAH exposure on anthropometry from birth to 10 years of age in 1295 mother-child pairs from a nested sub-cohort of the MINIMat trial in Bangladesh. (lu.se)
In conclusion, gestational PAH exposure was positively associated with fetal and early childhood growth, especially in boys. (lu.se)
Our data suggest that increased fetal exposure to active maternal glucocorticoids may program later systolic blood pressure. (umass.edu)
A new study linked higher prenatal exposure to certain phthalates with reduced gray matter in children's brains by age 10. (neurosciencenews.com)
This exposure was also correlated with decreased IQ levels in the offspring at age 14. (neurosciencenews.com)
Finally, the results showed an association between gestational exposure to plasticizers and smaller white matter volumes in girls. (neurosciencenews.com)
Exposure to air pollution is frequently associated with reductions in birth weight but results of available studies vary widely, possibly in part because of differences in air pollution metrics. (biomedcentral.com)
In this study, we utilized a land use regression (LUR) model to assess individual exposure, and explored the association between PM 2.5 exposure during each time window and the risk of preterm birth in Wuhan city, China. (biomedcentral.com)
Logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the association between women exposure to PM 2.5 and the risk of different subtypes of PTB. (biomedcentral.com)
Maternal exposure to PM 2.5 increased the risk of PTB, and this risk was stronger for VPTB than for MPTB, especially during the first trimester. (biomedcentral.com)

Results show that between 1990 and 2013, the likelihood of induced labors and cesarean deliveries increased at all gestational ages, and the gestational age distribution of U.S. births significantly shifted. (dukeupress.edu)
Births became much less likely to occur beyond gestational week 40 and much more likely to occur during weeks 37-39. (dukeupress.edu)
Overall, nearly 18% of births from not-induced labor and vaginal delivery at later gestational ages were replaced with births occurring at earlier gestational ages from obstetric interventions. (dukeupress.edu)
Since the 1990s, secular trends in U.S. births have been characterized by a large decline in mean birth weight and an uptick in the incidence of low birth weight. (dukeupress.edu)
She has been examining trends at the population level through analyses using a statewide database from California, focusing first on preterm birth, and with plans to extend the analyses to examine both low birth weight and small for gestational age births. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
We undertook a national quasi-experimental study, which involved analysing the association between the 2004 and 2008 joint introduction of tobacco control policies and perinatal mortality, preterm birth and SGA births using monthly data from a comprehensive dataset of singleton births in the Netherlands between 2000 and 2011. (nature.com)
To analyze association of different methods of gestational weight gain assessment with live births small for gestational age (SGA) and large for gestational age (LGA). (scielosp.org)
[ 1 ] Maternal morbidity and mortality are also increased in pregnancies complicated by multiple gestations and multiple births. (medscape.com)
Birthrates of dizygotic twins vary by race (10-40 per 1000 births in blacks, 7-10 per 1000 births in whites, and approximately 3 per 1000 births in Asians) and maternal age (ie, the frequency has risen with increasing maternal age ≤40 years). (medscape.com)

We use life table techniques to analyze the joint probabilities of gestational age-specific birth and gestational age-specific obstetric intervention (i.e., induced cesarean delivery, induced vaginal delivery, not-induced cesarean delivery, and not-induced vaginal delivery) to fully document trends in obstetric practices by gestational age. (dukeupress.edu)
Findings strongly indicate that recent declines in U.S. birth weight were due to increases in induced labor and cesarean delivery at select gestational ages. (dukeupress.edu)
Observational evidence suggests Cesarean delivery is associated with increased maternal postpartum weight, which may have significant implications for the obesity epidemic. (biomedcentral.com)
Several observational studies have documented evidence of an association between Cesarean delivery and subsequent maternal weight. (biomedcentral.com)
The challenge in identifying a causal effect of Cesarean delivery on maternal weight is that many of the medical indications for Cesarean delivery are also independently associated with both pregravid and postpartum weight. (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore, we might observe a positive association between Cesarean delivery and maternal postpartum weight simply because heavier women are at a greater risk of having the clinical indications for Cesarean delivery and are more likely to weigh more after birth. (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore, a positive association of Cesarean delivery with maternal postpartum weight retention may be driven by this confounding and not necessarily by the Cesarean itself. (biomedcentral.com)

5 Those singled out as particularly important include socioeconomic status, maternal education, and birth weight 6 or socioeconomic status/parental education and stimulation of the child. (bmj.com)

CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that older maternal age increases risk for most common childhood cancers. (oregonstate.edu)
On the basis of the available evidence, an association between vitamin D concentrations and birth weight, dental caries in children, maternal vitamin D concentrations at term, and parathyroid hormone concentrations in patients with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis is probable, but further studies and better designed trials are needed to draw firmer conclusions. (bmj.com)

Background: Maternal predictors of folic acid (FA) supplementation use to reduce offspring risk of neural tube defects are well known, while paternal determinants for maternal FA use are less known. (uib.no)
Paternal age was not independently associated with most childhood cancers after adjustment for maternal age. (oregonstate.edu)

Inverse associations were observed between average 2,4- and 2,5-DCP concentrations and birth weight z-scores in males. (cdc.gov)

Conclusion: This research demonstrates that an independent association between maternal sensitivity and infant cognitive development remains even after adjusting for breastfeeding, and that breastfeeding is a separate means to advancing infant cognitive development. (columbia.edu)
Conclusion: Although the results do not fully support that Emirati females fast-life history is associated with increased chronic disease risk, the data does suggest a link between restricted fetal growth in response to low maternal investment and metabolic and reproductive health. (zu.ac.ae)

Results indicate that maternal prepregnancy severe obesity increases risk of ASD and DD in children and suggest high gestational-age-adjusted GWG is a risk factor for ASD in male children. (constantcontact.com)
The prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing among persons of childbearing age and pregnant persons. (uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org)
Children Obesity is excess body weight, defined as a body mass index (BMI) of ≥ 30 kg/m 2 . (msdmanuals.com)

In addition, she is using the Boston Birth Cohort to explore associations between maternal prenatal and perinatal exposures and the risk of infant necrotizing enterocolitis, and understand the extent to which these associations vary by race/ethnicity. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Methods: Using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth (ECLS-B) Cohort, a nationally representative sample of U.S. born children, depressive symptomology was evaluated as an effect-modifier, and breastfeeding was evaluated as a confounder of the sensitivity-cognitive development association. (columbia.edu)
We will be extracting birth weight status as well as weight gain trajectories for included subjects with incidence of certain chronic diseases in that cohort. (napcrg.org)
We aimed to investigate this association, exploring the potential modifying roles of age at diagnosis and maternal anthropometrics, using prospectively collected data from the International Childhood Cancer Cohort Consortium. (nih.gov)
The overall aim of the thesis was to elucidate the influence of early life factors, such as birth weight and gestational age, on adult organ traits and disease risk, based on a systematic review and meta-analysis, and data from three population-based cohorts, including Malmö Offspring Study (MOS) cohort, LifeGene Study cohort, and Malmö Birth Data cohort. (lu.se)
In the MOS cohort (Paper II), we found that adults born with low birth weight (LBW) but who attained a higher body mass index (BMI) at age 20 (mismatch) had significantly higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) compared to those born with LBW but continued to have low BMI at age 20. (lu.se)
Likewise, in the MOS cohort (Paper III), an average 0.054 arbitrary unit decrease in skin autofluorescence advanced glycation end products (sfAGE) value and 0.016 unit decrease in mean ankle-brachial index (ABI) value per 1 kg increase in birth weight (adjusted for gestational age and sex) were noted. (lu.se)

Risk for cesarean section was increased in association with induction of labor in cases of high maternal weight (OR 10.3, CI 16.0 - 67.0), and somewhat of high birth weight (OR 2.3, but CI containing 1). (scirp.org)

The incidence of multiple zygotic pregnancies varies in relation to maternal age, the use of assisted reproductive technology (ART), and ethnicity. (medscape.com)
[ 7 , 21-23 ] The controversial findings may be due to variations of study designs, including the gestational weeks, dose, season, and adherence of maternal vitamin D supplementation as well as ethnicity of the study population. (medscape.com)

We would just say to monitor pregnancies and do everything that we could to ensure that mothers do gain adequate weight," said Dr. Mathews. (medscape.com)
We're not saying mothers with inadequate weight gain will have children with Tourette syndrome. (medscape.com)
Among the 11,000 women participating in the study, prevalence of excessive weight gain was 33.1% according to the Brandão et al. (scielosp.org)
The chance of being born SGA in the case of insufficient weight gain was OR=1.52 (95%CI 1.06;2.19), OR=1.52 (95%CI 1.05;2.20) and OR=1.56 (95%CI 1.06;2.30) for the Brandão et al. (scielosp.org)
Likelihood of excessive weight gain using the same methods was OR=1.53 (95%CI 1.28;1.82), OR=1.57 (95%CI 1.31;1.87) and OR=1.65 (95%CI 1.40;1.96), for LGA respectively. (scielosp.org)
Gestational weight gain (GWG) reflects different changes arising from gestation, including accumulation of body fat in women, liquid expansion, fetal and placental development, growth in breast tissue and the uterus. (scielosp.org)

The primary outcome was rate of SGA defined by birth weight less than the 10th percentile. (bvsalud.org)
10th percentile for gestational age). (johnshopkins.edu)

In addition, maternal cannabis use was significantly associated with chronic tic disorders in children. (medscape.com)
This risk is significantly influenced by maternal weight, birth weight and Bishop score. (scirp.org)
When investigating the associations of birth weight SDS and age at menarche with growth indices, it was found that only birth weight was positively and significantly associated with both height (β = 1.342 cm, 95% CI (0.12, 2.57), p = 0.032) and leg length (β = 0.968 cm, 95% CI (0.08, 1.86), p = 0.034). (zu.ac.ae)
Multiple-gestation pregnancies are associated with a significantly higher maternal complication rate than are singleton gestations. (medscape.com)
The findings from China suggest that maternal vitamin D supplementation recommended by the IOM results in a slight but significantly higher fetal level of 25(OH)D and improves fetal growth. (medscape.com)

We estimated associations with regression models, performed cousin and sibling comparisons, and calculated interactions. (diva-portal.org)
Univariate and multi-variable regression analyses were used to examine whether the four maternal factors were associated with Maternal Sensitivity, measured by the Nursing Child Assessment Teaching Scale (NCATS), and with Cognitive Development, measured by the Bayley Scale of Infant Development, Research Edition (BSF-R). (columbia.edu)
Univariate regression analyses showed that of the measures of biological vulnerability, premature birth had the greatest association with both sensitivity and cognitive development in comparison to the LBW or SGA. (columbia.edu)
Multilevel logistic regression was used to examine the interaction between maternal education and foreign born status, adjusting for covariates. (bmj.com)
The association with timing of the tobacco control policies was investigated using interrupted time series logistic regression analyses with adjustment for confounders. (nature.com)
Multivariable-adjusted regression models were used to assess associations of maternal PAH metabolites (log 2-transformed) with child anthropometry. (lu.se)
Using mixed effects regression models to control for BP measurement conditions, maternal and child characteristics, we examined the association between the F/E ratio and child BP. (umass.edu)
Quasipoisson Regression examined the association between the ICSM and the predictors. (bvsalud.org)
Regression analyses were conducted to establish associations. (zu.ac.ae)
Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated by logistic regression for the association between parental age and childhood cancer after adjustment for sex, birth weight, gestational age, birth order, plurality, maternal race, birth year, and state. (oregonstate.edu)

This study aimed to determine the frequency of abnormalities in the newborn oral cavity and to evaluate the association with prenatal and perinatal factors. (e-cep.org)

The Association between Placenta Accreta Spectrum Severity and Incidence of Small for Gestational Age Neonates. (bvsalud.org)
Primary outcome measures were: perinatal mortality, preterm birth and being small-for-gestational age (SGA). (nature.com)
The allele score was also positively associated with risk of being large for gestational age at birth (odds ratio 1.60 (1.19-2.15) per risk allele, p = 2.1 × 10 −3 , n = 660) and negatively associated with risk of being small for gestational age at birth (odds ratio 0.65 (0.44-0.96) per risk allele, p = 0.03, n = 660). (biomedcentral.com)
A meta-analysis of an observational study reinforced the association between vitamin D deficiency and the risk of small for gestational age (SGA). (medscape.com)
Current evidence on maternal vitamin D status and fetal growth restriction derives largely from observational studies, but small supplementation studies. (medscape.com)

Animal data show that decreased activity of placental 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-HSD2), which potently inactivates glucocorticoids (e.g. cortisol) to inert forms (cortisone), allows increased access of maternal glucocorticoids to the fetus and 'programs' hypertension. (umass.edu)
We examined in humans the association between venous umbilical cord blood glucocorticoids, a potential marker for placental 11β-HSD2 enzyme activity, and blood pressure at age 3 years. (umass.edu)
A higher F/E ratio in umbilical venous cord blood, likely reflecting reduced placental 11β-HSD2 activity, was associated with higher systolic blood pressure at age 3 years. (umass.edu)

Hämäläinen H, Hakkarainen K, Heinonen S . Anaemia in the first but not in the second or third trimester is a risk factor for low birth weight. (nature.com)
Studies have shown that the long-term overweight risk is doubled when the birth weight is greater than 4,000 g. (wikipedia.org)
A health statistics review can take risk factors such as age, race and sex that are commonly found on health records into account. (cdc.gov)
Based on final results we will be concluding whether birth weight status and/or elevated BMI trajectory persisting from birth through childhood and adolescence result in an unfavorable cardiometabolic risk profile in during that time and through adulthood. (napcrg.org)
Death clustering refers to the unusual concentration of mortality in certain families, which occurs due to a positive association of the risk of mortality among the siblings of those families [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Background: Evidence linking individual‐level maternal folic acid supplementation to offspring risk of congenital heart defects is lacking. (uib.no)
Childhood cancer (377 cases diagnosed prior to age 15 years) risk was analysed by type (all sites, leukaemia, acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, and non-leukaemia) and age at diagnosis. (nih.gov)
There is a need for indicators that reflect the diversity of aspects of the child's physical health and maternal care received by the child and that allow for an integral analysis of the impact of risk factors on the child's physical health. (bvsalud.org)
Using the life history trajectory model, this study investigates whether maternal investment in early prenatal life associates with menarcheal age and whether maternal investment affects CVD risk in adulthood and predicts adult size and adiposity levels. (zu.ac.ae)
Maternal postpartum distress is apparently not an independent risk factor for childhood overweight at 7-years-of-age. (nih.gov)
Factors not associated with autism risk included anesthesia, assisted vaginal delivery, postterm birth, high birth weight, and head circumference. (harvard.edu)
The fetal imprinted gene allele score was positively associated with birth weight (β = 63 (17-109) g/risk allele, β′ = 0.113, p = 7.6 × 10 −3 , n = 405). (biomedcentral.com)
This association was partially attenuated by adjusting for maternal glucose concentrations (β = 50 (4-95) g/risk allele, β′ = 0.089, p = 0.03, n = 405). (biomedcentral.com)
Despite this, ambient O 3 was associated with a decrement in mean birth weight and significant increases in the risk of LBW were associated with traffic density, proximity to roads and ambient O 3 . (biomedcentral.com)
Parental age and risk of childhood cancer: a pooled analysis. (oregonstate.edu)
We investigated whether advancing parental age increases childhood cancer risk. (oregonstate.edu)
A previous study found that different subtypes of PTB, defined by gestational age, have been associated with different risk factors, including air pollution [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
We found an increased risk of cancer (any) mortality and prostate cancer mortality with increased birth weight (Paper I). However, the association of birth weight with breast cancer mortality was statistically insignificant. (lu.se)
An inverse association was also found between birth weight and the apoB/apoA1 ratio, a marker of cardiovascular risk. (lu.se)
On the contrary, higher birth weight was associated positively with increased cancer mortality risk (i.e., cancer prognosis). (lu.se)

The primary outcome measures were diagnoses of Tourette syndrome and either Tourette syndrome or chronic tic disorder (grouped together as Tourette syndrome/chronic tic disorder) based on criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) when the children were 13 or 14 years old, as well as tic-related information from maternal questionnaires. (medscape.com)
No association was observed between moderate drinking and either birth outcome, or between binge drinking and preterm birth. (bmj.com)
Outcome was childhood overweight at 7-years-of age. (nih.gov)

The highly exposed population faced increased odds of low birth weight (adjusted odds ratio 1.36, 95% CI 1.25-1.48) and pre-term birth (adjusted odds ratio 1.14, 95% CI 1.09-1.19) relative to the control before filtration, and these differences moderated after filtration. (biomedcentral.com)
One standard deviation advantage in maternal IQ more than doubled the odds of breast feeding. (bmj.com)
Using the linked data, we conducted a case-crossover analysis of associations between PM2.5 and O3 lagged by 3-5 days with the odds of fatal asthma exacerbations. (cdc.gov)

Investigators evaluated data from maternal questionnaires, obstetric records, and pediatric medical records for 6090 children. (medscape.com)
We suggest that the declines were likely due to shifts in gestational age resulting from changes in obstetric practices. (dukeupress.edu)
Using restricted National Vital Statistics System data linked birth/infant death data for 1990-2013, we analyze trends in obstetric practices, gestational age distributions, and birth weights among first-birth singletons born to U.S. non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Latina women. (dukeupress.edu)
We use simulation techniques to estimate counterfactual changes in birth weight distributions if obstetric practices did not change between 1990 and 2013. (dukeupress.edu)
Results suggest that if rates of obstetric practices had not changed between 1990 and 2013, then the average U.S. birth weight would have increased over this time. (dukeupress.edu)

The data were also documented women's postpartum documented as a leading cause of neo- collected between August 2014 and weight with the use of Seca weighing natal morbidity and mortality and the September 2015 from a secondary care scales. (who.int)

No association was found between any level of alcohol consumption and premature birth. (bmj.com)

The F/E ratio was not associated with diastolic blood pressure or birth weight for gestational age z -score. (umass.edu)

However, scarce literature is present to capture this unusual concentration of mortality in certain families by examining the association of the mortality risks among the siblings of those families along with various unobserved characteristics of the mother. (biomedcentral.com)

Maybe it's because green spaces lessen depression, boosting maternal health. (thebump.com)

For example, an interquartile range difference in 2,4-DCP was associated with a 0.18 standard deviation decrease in birth weight z-score (95% confidence interval [CI] = - 0.33, - 0.02). (cdc.gov)
Results: There was no association between birth weight standard deviation score (SDS) and age at menarche. (zu.ac.ae)

The large for gestational age at birth association was also partially attenuated by maternal glucose concentrations. (biomedcentral.com)

Since they are exposed to higher specific transfusion risks compared to the patients of other age groups, there are many special aspects that must be considered for transfusion therapy in neonates. (e-cep.org)

Are maternal depression, breastfeeding, maternal alcohol intake and infant biological vulnerability effect modifiers or confounders of the maternal sensitivity and infant cognitive development association? (columbia.edu)
Maternal alcohol use, associated with both breastfeeding and depression, has not been examined in any study investigating the sensitivity-cognitive development association. (columbia.edu)
001), after adjusting for maternal depression and breastfeeding. (columbia.edu)
Analyze the association of maternal depression, family composition, and socioeconomic conditions with the indicator of maternal care and physical health of children. (bvsalud.org)
The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale assessed maternal depression. (bvsalud.org)
Maternal depression and female single-parent family arrangements negatively impacted child health and care, while the conditional cash transfer program represented a protective factor. (bvsalud.org)
Routine screening for postpartum depression in primary care, strengthening the support network for postpartum women and public policies to combat poverty can help protect children's health and favor maternal care. (bvsalud.org)
We investigated associations between maternal postpartum distress covering anxiety, depression and stress and childhood overweight. (nih.gov)
Maternal distress was measured 6 months postpartum by 9 items covering anxiety, depression and stress. (nih.gov)

[ 5 , 6 ] It is noteworthy that fetal and newborn concentrations of 25(OH)D depend on and correlate with maternal serum levels. (medscape.com)

However, the effect of maternal vitamin D supplementation on fetal growth has not been confirmed. (medscape.com)

We hypothesize that BM antioxidants are adapted to gestational age and are negatively influenced by maternal age. (mdpi.com)

For this age group, timely and accurate diagnosis and treatment depend on appropriate imaging. (medscape.com)

Maternal urinary PAH metabolites were not associated with child anthropometry at 10 years. (lu.se)
In 2020 and 2021, the Generation R Study reported that maternal prenatal urinary concentrations of phthalates were associated with lower non-verbal IQ at age 6 years. (neurosciencenews.com)

In the third trimester, maternal hemoglobin concentration was associated with birth weight in an inverted U-shaped curve and with the risks of LBW and SGA in extended U-shaped curves. (lstmed.ac.uk)
Nurses tailored activities to clients' strengths, risks, and preferences using motivational interviews, educational tools, health assessments, and goal-setting related to prenatal health, child health and development, and maternal life course. (scienceblog.com)

Design Examination of the effect of breast feeding on cognitive ability and the impact of a range of potential confounders, in particular maternal IQ, within a national database. (bmj.com)

The association between folic acid supplementation and birth defects other than neural tube defects (NTD) remains unclear. (uib.no)
30 years ago demonstrated that maternal vitamin D supplementation at a dose of 1000 IU/d in Asian women during the third trimester led to a nonsignificant reduction in the rate of SGA. (medscape.com)

The study used data from the National Family Health Survey (2015-16) which includes all the birth histories of 475,457 women aged 15-49 years. (biomedcentral.com)
130 g/L in the third trimester should be paid great attention to in the practice of maternal and child health care. (lstmed.ac.uk)
Whereas a meta-analysis of adult studies showed a 'dose-response' association between comprehensiveness of smoke-free laws and their health impact 18 , whether such a 'dose-dependent' effect also applies to the impact of smoke-free legislation on early-life health is currently unclear 16 . (nature.com)
The World Health Organization (WHO) currently recommends an IPI of at least 24 months to reduce infant and child mortality as well as to benefit maternal health [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
NFP is a national maternal and child health program serving more than 60,000 families each year across 40 states, the District of Columbia, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and many Indigenous tribal communities. (scienceblog.com)
The Brazil Ministry of Health developed a case definition for Zika virus-related microcephaly (head circumference ≥2 standard deviations [SD] below the mean for sex and gestational age at birth). (cdc.gov)
16 If causal, these associations might be of great importance for public health, as vitamin D deficiency has been found to be highly prevalent in populations residing at high latitudes or leading an indoors oriented lifestyle. (bmj.com)
Our findings highlight the key role of periconception care among young couples as well as the optimization of maternal health care for the prevention of adult cardiometabolic disease. (lu.se)

Maternal alcohol use and biological vulnerability were also hypothesized to be confounders of the sensitivity-cognitive association. (columbia.edu)
Objective To assess the importance of maternal intelligence, and the effect of controlling for it and other important confounders, in the link between breast feeding and children's intelligence. (bmj.com)
Unmeasured confounders and/or measurement errors might have produced spurious positive associations between birth weight and some air pollution metrics. (biomedcentral.com)

We compared results from (1) confounder-adjusted multivariable analyses, (2) a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using maternal rs1051730 genotype as an instrument for smoking quantity and ease of quitting, and (3) a negative control analysis comparing maternal and mother's partner's smoking associations. (plos.org)
Study limitations include measurement error due to maternal self-report of smoking and the modest sample size for MR analyses resulting in unconfounded estimates being less precise. (plos.org)

Anatomy20

Organisms1

Diseases64

Chemicals and Drugs6

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment76

Psychiatry and Psychology11

Phenomena and Processes62

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena10

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science10

Named Groups20

Health Care60

Geographicals9

Outcomes37

Pregnancy49

Infants22

Diabetes13

Neonatal10

Fetal weight4

Average gestational age1

Newborns3

Exposure14

Births9

Cesarean delivery7

Socioeconomic status1

Conclusions2

Paternal2

Concentrations and birth weight1

Conclusion2

Obesity3

Cohort7

High maternal1

Ethnicity2

Gain6

10th percentile2

Significantly5

Regression10

Prenatal and perinatal1

Small5

Placental3

Risk20

Outcome3

Odds3

Obstetric5

Morbidity and morta1

Premature1

Diastolic blood pr1

Characteristics1

Boosting maternal health1

Standard deviation2

Large for1

Neonates1

Depression9

Newborn1

Effect of maternal1

Negatively1

Diagnosis1

Urinary2

Risks2

Potential confounders1

Supplementation2

Health8

Confounders3

Analyses2