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Iraq'sIraqiSyriaSaddam HusseinKurdsToxicSyrianUnited StatesIndeed an al-Qaeda cellIranSarinAttacksMosulThreatCiviliansWhite phosphorousInspectorsWarfare agentsCrude chemical weaponsConventionProliferationMissilesConflictBiological Weapon1990UNSCOMBlixGulf WarAssadDefense20021991FallujaStockpileSecurity Council1980sNuclear weapons programToxinsIraqisNerve gasInvasion2016CivilianGhoutaMustardIslamic StateDestructionRegimeKurdishArms ControlQuantities of chemicalEffortsDemocracyTroopsAgentsAnthraxOfficialsThreatsAfghanistanInspections1989ProgrammesMass
Iraq's13
  • Yet, Iraq has continued and even expanded its programs since the cessation of fighting with Iran in July 1988, despite widespread condemnation of Iraq's use of chemical weapons against civilians populations. (washingtoninstitute.org)
  • In this Policy Paper, Seth Carus surveys Iraq's biological and chemical warfare programs. (washingtoninstitute.org)
  • He advises that Baghdad's willingness to invest substantial resources in its chemical and biological weapons programs suggests that these programs continue to hold strategic importance for Iraq's leaders. (washingtoninstitute.org)
  • Over the past decade, Iraq's armed forces have acquired a much higher degree of professionalism, and new and more modern weapons they did not have in the early 1980s. (merip.org)
  • Resolution 1284 established the United Nations Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission (UNMOVIC) in December 1999 and tasked it with verifying Iraq's elimination of its weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and ballistic missiles with a range greater than 150 kilometers. (armscontrol.org)
  • What is often overlooked in the debate over how to proceed with Iraq's disarmament is the fact that from 1994 to 1998 Iraq was subjected to a strenuous program of ongoing monitoring of industrial and research facilities that could be used to reconstitute proscribed activities. (armscontrol.org)
  • This monitoring provided weapons inspectors with detailed insight into the capabilities, both present and future, of Iraq's industrial infrastructure. (armscontrol.org)
  • Similarly, Hans Blix - the former head of the U.N. Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission - warned before the Iraq war that the Bush administration was greatly exaggerating the threat from Iraq's weapons. (beforeitsnews.com)
  • The Bush Administration is now saying it never told the public that Iraq was an "imminent" threat, and therefore it should be absolved for overstating the case for war and misleading the American people about Iraq's WMD. (americanprogress.org)
  • The threat posed by Iraq's weapons of mass destruction will be removed. (americanprogress.org)
  • The world demands to know precisely what happened to Iraq's pre-1998 weapons and material. (motherjones.com)
  • In 1995, the international community was confronted by Iraq's massive programme for developing offensive biological weapons-one of the largest and most advanced in the world. (motherjones.com)
  • And not only was he not the reason the inspections uncovered Iraq's biological weapons program, he also emphatically said Iraq had indeed destroyed everything years previously, and since the Gulf War had had no ongoing WMD programs. (motherjones.com)
Iraqi20
  • The table below lists reported chemical weapons attacks in the Iraqi Civil War. (wikipedia.org)
  • Use of chemical weapons in the Syrian civil war Iraq and weapons of mass destruction Iraqi chemical weapons program All times given are given in local time unless otherwise stated. (wikipedia.org)
  • As a result, existing efforts to constrain Iraqi chemical weapon production through supply controls are increasingly irrelevant. (washingtoninstitute.org)
  • Iraqi soldiers wearing gas masks hold precursors used to make chemical weapons. (longwarjournal.org)
  • The Iraqi military announced today that it arrested five members of an al Qaeda cell that was seeking to manufacture chemical weapons, including sarin nerve gas, and plotting to conduct attacks within Iraq, Europe, and North America. (longwarjournal.org)
  • The Iraqi Ministry of Defense announced that it arrested an al-Qaeda-linked cell producing a nerve agent , reportedly to be used in operations inside Iraq and later transferred to the capitals of neighboring countries. (al-monitor.com)
  • Since 2003, the Iraqi authorities have not registered any fatalities caused by nerve-agent chemicals or by chemical weapons. (al-monitor.com)
  • WASHINGTON (AP) - The U.S. on Friday imposed sanctions on six people affiliated with the Iranian-backed Iraqi militia Kataeb Hezbollah, which is accused of being behind a spate of recent attacks against U.S. forces in Iraq and Syria following the October 7 attacks by Hamas against Israel. (wgntv.com)
  • International support, especially by the two parts of Germany, was crucial in activating the Iraqi chemical program. (fas.org)
  • On July 12, 2007, a series of air-to-ground attacks were conducted by a team of two U.S. AH-64 Apache helicopters in Al-Amin al-Thaniyah , New Baghdad , during the Iraqi insurgency which followed the invasion of Iraq . (wikipedia.org)
  • According to Iraqi national security advisor Faleh al-Fayyadh, Jabhat al-Nusra (al-Qaeda in Syria) would have free access to these chemicals. (countercurrents.org)
  • The two Iraqi officials identified the man to The Associated Press as Sleiman Daoud al-Afari, who worked for Saddam Hussein's now-dissolved Military Industrialization Authority where he specialized in chemical and biological weapons. (cbsnews.com)
  • The U.S.-led coalition began targeting ISIS' chemical weapons infrastructure with airstrikes and special operations raids over the past two months, the Iraqi intelligence officials and a Western security official in Baghdad told the AP. (cbsnews.com)
  • ISIS has been making a determined effort to develop chemical weapons, Iraqi and American officials have said. (cbsnews.com)
  • It is believed to have set up a special unit for chemical weapons research, made up of Iraqi scientists from the Saddam-era weapons program as well as foreign experts. (cbsnews.com)
  • Iraqi officials expressed particular worry over the effort because ISIS gained so much room to operate and hide chemical laboratories after overrunning around a third of the country in the summer of 2014, joined with territory they controlled in neighboring Syria. (cbsnews.com)
  • Iran supplied chemical weapons to Iraqi militias for attacks against civilians and US targets. (telegraph.co.uk)
  • I remember seeing CNN coverage of the time American soldiers found the 300 chemical weapons suits in Iraqi positions. (catapultmagazine.com)
  • Requires Iraq to condemn and renounce terrorism, halt support for international terrorism, forbids terrorist organizations from operating on Iraqi temtory. (navy.mil)
  • The Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in 1990 and the start of the Second Gulf War induced a stream of various countermeasures against Iraq, one of the principal being different forms of economic sanctions. (lu.se)
Syria25
  • "We've seen them use it on at least four separate occasions on both sides of the border - both in Iraq and Syria," the official was quoted as saying. (rt.com)
  • Prior to the emergence of ISIS as a major force in Syria, the country's chemical warfare arsenals were successfully evacuated and destroyed on a special vessel in the Mediterranean Sea following a deal negotiated with Russia and the US, which both took part in this operation. (rt.com)
  • On Monday, the UN Security Council called for the creation of an inquiry that will seek to prosecute those behind chemical weapons attacks in Syria. (rt.com)
  • "We believe the decision made today is primarily preventive in nature and it will help to ensure that no toxic chemicals will be used as weapons in the future in Syria," he said. (rt.com)
  • United Nations investigators have confirmed Isis' use of mustard gas in both Syria and Iraq and the group has also been accused of using chlorine gas. (independent.co.uk)
  • but obviously ISIS got access to these chemical weapons in Syria and is now using them in Iraq. (nationalfreedomforum.com)
  • How much longer will it take for Obama and the 60 countries he claims to have in a coalition to act to destroy ISIS in Iraq and Syria. (nationalfreedomforum.com)
  • Two U.S. defense officials confirmed three additional attacks on U.S. military facilities in Iraq and Syria on Friday, bringing the total number of attacks on U.S. and coalition military facilities in Iraq and Syria to at least 60. (wgntv.com)
  • Syria, Iraq. (godlikeproductions.com)
  • Add to it the Defense Ministry in Baghdad, one month ago, dismantling an Al-Qaeda cell in Iraq that was planning to launch attacks in Iraq and "abroad," as in Syria, using chemical weapons. (countercurrents.org)
  • U.S. commandos have captured a chemical weapons expert for the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), CBS News national security correspondent David Martin reports. (cbsnews.com)
  • Other unverified reports in both Iraq and Syria accuse ISIS of using chemical agents on the battlefield. (cbsnews.com)
  • The United States has been leading a coalition waging airstrikes against ISIS in Iraq and Syria for more than a year. (cbsnews.com)
  • Last year, U.S. special forces killed a key ISIS leader and captured his wife in a raid in Syria, but the new force in Iraq was intended as a more dedicated deployment. (cbsnews.com)
  • Instead, a Syrian aircraft bombed an al-Qaeda-in-Syria ammunition depot that turned out to be full of noxious chemicals and a strong wind blew the chemical-laden cloud over a nearby village where many consequently died. (beforeitsnews.com)
  • Now we have UN Ambassador Nikki Haley's undiplomatic language accusing Syria of using chemical weapons. (countercurrents.org)
  • Syria does not need the extra firepower, it certainly does not need the opprobrium of the world, and, if one may recall, it surrendered all its chemical weapons (under international supervision) after the last such incident four years ago. (countercurrents.org)
  • Colbert asked if Islamic State, or terrorist groups like it, holding western Iraq and eastern Syria was considered "a worst-case scenario, or a beyond-worse-case scenario" in 2002 and 2003 during the run-up to declaring war. (rt.com)
  • President Obama argues that limited intervention in Syria might accomplish good more quickly and cheaply than our efforts in Iraq did. (newsmax.com)
  • A diplomatic gambit to induce Syria to give up its chemical weapons has added a new twist to the intense Washington debate over possible military strikes there. (brookings.edu)
  • Could the Russian proposal to have Syria turn over chemical weapons to international inspectors revitalize conflict-resolution efforts through the United Nations Security Council? (brookings.edu)
  • Now that Syria has agreed in principle with the Russian proposal to turn over its chemical weapons stockpiles to international supervision, the U.S. government is in an even bigger pickle. (brookings.edu)
  • a) Is there a way that international supervision over chemical weapons - locating, inspecting, securing, removing, destroying - could be used as a means of slowing/stopping the military conflict in Syria or constraining the Syrian regime's use of conventional firepower against civilians? (brookings.edu)
  • Now that there seem to be no chemical weapons in Iraq, we're told that they're in Syria. (catapultmagazine.com)
  • Where will Syria move their chemical weapons to if they are invaded? (catapultmagazine.com)
Saddam Hussein8
Kurds1
Toxic8
  • An anonymous US official cited by the BBC believes Islamic State (formerly ISIS/ISIL) has formed a group to produce toxic chemicals such as mustard and chlorine gas (mustard agent, dichloroethyl sulfide, HD blister agent). (rt.com)
  • Both chemical weapons are toxic and can kill their victims, frequently causing breathing difficulties, blisters and internal injuries. (independent.co.uk)
  • It is worth mentioning that nerve-agent chemicals are among the most toxic substances in the world, and when they become airborne, they can kill a person in a matter of minutes. (al-monitor.com)
  • 3 March 2017 - Following the reported use of chemical weapons agents in East Mosul, Iraq, WHO, partners and local health authorities have activated an emergency response plan to safely treat men, women and children who may be exposed to the highly toxic chemical. (who.int)
  • Nerve agents are the most toxic of the known chemical warfare agents. (cdc.gov)
  • Although related organophosphate chemicals are used in medicine, pharmacology, and agriculture, these are not as toxic as the nerve agents. (cdc.gov)
  • The Chemical Weapons Convention classifies sulfur mustard as a Schedule 1 toxic chemical and prohibits its development, fabrication, stockpiling, and use. (cdc.gov)
  • Overview of Chemical-Warfare Agents Chemical weapons are developed by governments for wartime use and include Toxic agents (intended to cause serious injury or death) Incapacitating agents (intended to cause only temporary, non-life-threatening. (msdmanuals.com)
Syrian10
  • The BBC's source also did not question the fact that the Syrian government handed over all of its 1,180 tons of declared chemical warfare stockpiles under the threat of US airstrikes in 2013. (rt.com)
  • Socialist Emperor Pinocchio Veto Obama drew a red line in the sand related to Syrian Dictator Bashir Assad's use of chemical weapons then did nothing to enforce that line. (nationalfreedomforum.com)
  • Jabhat al-Nusra jihadis, mostly mercenaries, connected to al-Qaeda in Iraq, but with no connection with Syrian civilians, including women and children, use an area formerly occupied by the Syrian army to launch a chemical attack - perhaps using chlorine - under the cover of a Syrian offensive (admitted by the government). (countercurrents.org)
  • The anti-regime activists in Khan Sheikhoun, however, have painted a narrative that has the Syrian air force dropping chemical bombs on a sleeping civilian population. (beforeitsnews.com)
  • There was no Syrian "chemical weapons attack. (beforeitsnews.com)
  • WASHINGTON ― As American, British and French ordnance rained down on a trio of Syrian regime targets , Russian air defense systems made no attempt to intercept the weapons, the Pentagon said Saturday. (defensenews.com)
  • The attacks may have set the Syrian chemical weapons programs back for "years," said Marine Corps Lt. Gen. Kenneth McKenzie, the director of the Joint Staff, while acknowledging that the three sites were not the totality of the Syrian chemical weapons program. (defensenews.com)
  • Russian news outlets, as well as social media from the region, had claimed as many as 70 percent of coalition weapons were shot down by Syrian or Russian air defenses. (defensenews.com)
  • But the Russian systems did not attempt to intercept the incoming weaponry, and the Syrian system launched around 40 surface to air missiles after the last targeted weapon hit its target, according to McKenzie. (defensenews.com)
  • Upon recent allegations that Syrian President Bashar al-Assad has used chemical weapons, the Obama administration declared last week that it is considering arming moderate Syrian rebels. (hurriyetdailynews.com)
United States1
Indeed an al-Qaeda cell1
  • He said, "If this is true, and indeed an al-Qaeda cell producing nerve-agent chemicals was raided, this means that al-Qaeda's techniques have become highly developed, which will have serious implications that must be taken into consideration. (al-monitor.com)
Iran7
  • The unrestricted use of chemical weapons during the last stages of the Iran-Iraq war shocked the international community. (washingtoninstitute.org)
  • And, the deal Obama is negotiating with Iran, the biggest sponsor of Terrorism in the world would allow them to have nuclear weapons in time. (nationalfreedomforum.com)
  • Under NO circumstances should the United States agree to any deal with Iran that provides them a path to nuclear weapons. (nationalfreedomforum.com)
  • Nerve agents were used by Iraq against Iran and have been used by terrorists. (cdc.gov)
  • and the 1980s by Iraq during the Iran-Iraq conflict where it caused an estimated 40-50,000 casualties. (cdc.gov)
  • With both Iran and Iraq now designated hostile states a strategy of `Dual Containment' was created. (lu.se)
  • The sanctions against Iraq and Iran resulted in a balancing act between the two targeted states where the U.S.,A. has endeavored to perpetuate an inherent unstable regional balance. (lu.se)
Sarin6
  • The chemical weapons cell was seeking to produce sarin as well as mustard blistering agents. (longwarjournal.org)
  • The group had acquired some of the precursor chemicals as well as the formulas" yet were "plotting to use remotely-piloted model aircraft to spray some of the chemical weapons sometime next week as Shia mourners commemorated the death of Imam Kadhum" but don't seem to have decided which weapon to use - Sarin (could be effective) or mustard gas (useless in model plane quantities). (longwarjournal.org)
  • Later, a similar gaseous chemical compound called the nerve gas Sarin was discovered. (fas.org)
  • the 2013 chemical attack on Ghouta made use of low-grade Sarin nerve agent locally synthesized, while attacks in and around Aleppo in 2016 made use of a chlorine/white phosphorous blend. (beforeitsnews.com)
  • some accounts speak of just this phenomena, but this occurred at the site of the attack, where the rescuers were overcome by a "pungent smelling" chemical - again, Sarin is odorless. (beforeitsnews.com)
  • While larger amounts of T-2 toxin is required for a lethal dose than for other chemical warfare agents such as VX, soman, or sarin, its potent effect as a blistering agent is well noted. (medscape.com)
Attacks4
  • In 2007, al Qaeda in Iraq launched more than a dozen chlorine suicide bomb attacks in Baghdad, Anbar province, and Diyala province . (longwarjournal.org)
  • A spate of drone attacks hit U.S. bases in Iraq as recently as Friday, as regional tensions have flared up following the bloody war between Israel and Hamas in the Gaza Strip. (wgntv.com)
  • Two, USS LOUISVILLE (SSN-724) and USS PITTSBURGH (SSN-720), conducted submarine-launched TOMAHAWK cruise missile attacks against Iraq. (navy.mil)
  • Currently, the US government is funding numerous programs to prepare the nation for potential chemical terrorist attacks against its citizens and military. (medscape.com)
Mosul5
  • Baghdad Mosul Erbil Tikrit Basra Makhmur Mosul Dam Sultan Abdullah Sinjar Taza Use of chemical weapons in the War in Iraq (2013-2017) by ISIL has been confirmed by the OPCW and US defense officials. (wikipedia.org)
  • Isis released a propaganda statement claiming American fighter jets had destroyed the "only pharmaceutical company in northern Mosul" but defence officials said jihadists had converted the factory to manufacture chemical weapons. (independent.co.uk)
  • Since the beginning of the Mosul crisis, WHO has been taking concrete steps to ensure preparedness for the potential use of chemical weapons, together with local health authorities. (who.int)
  • WHO is extremely alarmed by the use of chemical weapons in Mosul, where innocent civilians are already facing unimaginable suffering as a result of the ongoing conflict. (who.int)
  • The forced displacement of tens of thousands of civilians and their exploitation as human shields, and then the risk of reprisals against these long-suffering women, men and children for their perceived support of ISIL - the extent of civilian suffering in Mosul and other ISIL-occupied areas in Iraq is numbing and intolerable," High Commissioner Zeid said. (ohchr.org)
Threat17
Civilians3
  • what is very much in question is who is responsible for the release of the chemicals that caused the deaths of so many civilians. (beforeitsnews.com)
  • And what of the inevitable death of thousands of Iraqis, civilians killed by our bombs, soldiers killed by our weapons-all of them made doubly victims-first of Hussein, then of Bush. (progressive.org)
  • The potential use for T-2 mycotoxin as a biological weapon was later realized in Orenburg, Russia, during World War II when civilians consumed wheat that was unintentionally contaminated with the Fusarium fungi. (medscape.com)
White phosphorous1
  • Recognizing its devastating significance, progressive websites have been quick to headline the shocking story that a recently run Italian television documentary quite compellingly and gruesomely shows U.S. forces used the chemical terror weapon white phosphorous during their withering assault on Fallujah, Iraq. (trinicenter.com)
Inspectors12
  • Efforts to resume weapons inspections in Iraq have long been at an impasse.It has been 18 months since inspectors from the United Nations Special Commission (UNSCOM) were withdrawn from Iraq and six months since the Security Council created a successor organization to assume UNSCOM's mantle. (armscontrol.org)
  • The unfortunate fallout from this military action was that Iraq not only refused to allow the UNSCOM inspectors to return, but also rejected any future cooperation with the organization. (armscontrol.org)
  • In April 2000, the Security Council approved the organizational plan for the new inspectorate, in theory setting the stage for the return of weapons inspectors to Iraq. (armscontrol.org)
  • There is no hope for the return of inspectors to Iraq anytime soon. (armscontrol.org)
  • Despite four years of intensive inquiries and searches, the weapons inspectors did not even know of its existence until Saddam's son-in-law, Hussein Kamal defected. (motherjones.com)
  • After all, the inspectors didn't even know Iraq had a massive ongoing biological weapons program right under their noses-including aflatoxin, botulinum, and anthrax-until Saddam's son-in-law defected in 1995 and told them. (motherjones.com)
  • When confronted with this excellent work by the inspectors, Iraq finally admitted in July, 1995 to having produced anthrax and botulinum- before the Gulf War . (motherjones.com)
  • United Nations weapons inspectors have never been allowed into these facilities. (catapultmagazine.com)
  • Researchers at the Wisconsin Project on Nuclear Arms Control obtained the evidence from previously unpublished reports by inspectors with the former UN Special Commission for Iraq (UNSCOM). (rferl.org)
  • Motz: 'These materials are convincing because they are the actual reports written up by inspectors as they were leaving Iraq after each set of inspections. (rferl.org)
  • UNSCOM [the former UN Special Commission for Iraq] did a lot of its work getting help, for example, from companies in Germany which came forward and said, 'We sold Iraq this, that and the other good,' and that would enable the inspectors to know what they were looking for on the other end. (rferl.org)
  • Motz: 'We are seeing everything from just some basic negotiations that probably didn't go anywhere once the firms figured out what was trying to be purchased, all the way up to -- we have contracts that were actually implemented and goods that were found in Iraq by the inspectors. (rferl.org)
Warfare agents5
  • "In particular, there's information about ISIS getting scientific and technical documentation for production of chemical weapons, capture of chemical plants, recruitment of foreign experts for activities aiming to set up synthesis of chemical warfare agents," Zakharova told a media briefing. (rt.com)
  • Prevention and treatment of injury from chemical warfare agents. (cdc.gov)
  • In: Chemical warfare agents and related chemical problems. (cdc.gov)
  • The chemical warfare agents diphenylchlorarsine (Da), diphenylcyanoarsine (Dc), and diphenylaminearsine (Dm, adamsite) belong to a group of chemicals classified as vomiting agents. (medscape.com)
  • Sanderson and colleagues have documented that approximately 11,000 tons of chemical warfare agents were dumped into the Baltic Sea during the disarmament of Germany following WWII, and have resulted in extensive environmental contamination. (medscape.com)
Crude chemical weapons1
Convention4
  • White phosphorus is not listed in the schedules of the Chemical Weapons Convention. (debatepolitics.com)
  • These include the Hague Declaration concerning Asphyxiating Gases, the 1925 Geneva Protocol, the Chemical Weapons Convention and the Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC). (who.int)
  • Final document of the Second Review Conference of the Parties to the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction. (who.int)
  • Strengthening the Biological Weapons Convention by confidence-building measures / edited by Erhard Geissler. (who.int)
Proliferation4
  • In a belated response, the world's industrialized countries, led by the United States, have initiated a campaign to halt the proliferation of chemical and biological weapons. (washingtoninstitute.org)
  • This treaty prohibited the production, proliferation, and stockpiling of chemical weapons as the world saw the tragic images of the victims of the defunct regime over one decade. (fas.org)
  • The treaty also imposed restrictions and surveillance of the world's commercial trade transactions in dual-use chemical products with specifications similar to those cited in the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty. (fas.org)
  • The EU Non-Proliferation Consortium is a network bringing together foreign policy institutions and research centres from across the EU to encourage political and security-related dialogue and the long-term discussion of measures to combat the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and their delivery systems. (nonproliferation.eu)
Missiles4
  • This site was targeted by American forces only, with 57 Tomahawk missiles launched by sea and 19 JASSM-ER weapons launched from a pair of B-1 bombers, accompanied by protective fighter coverage. (defensenews.com)
  • The U.S. launched nine Tomahawks, the British launched eight Storm Shadow air-launched weapons from a mix of Tornado and Typhoon fighters, and the French launched three naval cruise missiles and two of their SCALP air launched weapons, which are their Storm Shadow equivalent. (defensenews.com)
  • But that would have definitely helped Iraq to upgrade its Scud-type missiles, to have all those engines to work with. (rferl.org)
  • From 2000 to 2003, Dr. Blix was the Executive Chairman of the United Nations Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission (UNMOVIC) to resolve issues relating to biological and chemical weapons and missiles in Iraq. (lu.se)
Conflict7
  • He also noted that if allegations regarding the use of chemical agents by a party to the conflict are proven accurate, Member States should unite and develop an appropriate response, in full respect of international law, including the centrality of the Security Council's role under the UN Charter . (un.org)
  • The Wikileaks war logs disclose the conduct of British and US troops, as well as Iraqis during the Iraq conflict. (telegraph.co.uk)
  • My Lords, in a few weeks' time, in March, we will come to the fifth anniversary of the start of the conflict in Iraq. (theyworkforyou.com)
  • In the Iraq conflict my connection was rather different. (theyworkforyou.com)
  • At the start of the conflict I listened to him from Iraq-these days communications are so much easier than through the old cable offices-as he made his way with a tank unit from the Kuwait border to Baghdad among American soldiers who had been told that they would be welcomed as liberators. (theyworkforyou.com)
  • [ 10 ] Although several United States chemical weapons experts have matched samples from the Laos conflict to trichothecene signature, these charges have been disputed by other weapons experts who contend T-2 mycotoxins may have occurred naturally in Laos and that exposure was due to the ingestion of contaminated foods. (medscape.com)
  • The war drained the resources of both countries towards the point of bankruptcy, and for Iraq the immense foreign debt accumulated over the years to fund the conflict left the state in a deplorable financial situation at the end of hostilities. (lu.se)
Biological Weapon3
  • Thread: USA Use of RADIOACTIVE - Depleted Uranium Weapons is a Biological Weapon that CAN NEVER be Cleaned UP, Each Round is a Dirty Bomb. (godlikeproductions.com)
  • [ 3 ] T-2 mycotoxin is the most extensively studied of the trichothecenes, and, according to current declassified literature, it is the only mycotoxin known to have been used as a biological weapon. (medscape.com)
  • Moreover, it is the only potential biological weapon agent that can be absorbed through intact skin causing systemic toxicity. (medscape.com)
19904
  • When I traveled to Iraq in early 1990, I was struck by the extent of militarization in parts of the country. (merip.org)
  • But Turkey, a member of NATO, has supported the United States during the current crisis, and earlier in 1990 Turkey temporarily halted the flow of Euphrates river water into Iraq. (merip.org)
  • The case of international sanctions enacted against Iraq between the years 1990 and 2003 will be the focal point of this analysis where the difficulties of implementing sanctions against an autocrat will be highlighted. (lu.se)
  • Iraq 1952-1990 and U.S. Regional Interest. (lu.se)
UNSCOM4
  • However, Iraq refuses to cooperate with either UNMOVIC or its executive chairman, Hans Blix, on the grounds that this new inspection regime is merely a repackaged version of UNSCOM. (armscontrol.org)
  • It allowed UNSCOM to ascertain, with a high level of confidence, that Iraq was not rebuilding its prohibited weapons programs and that it lacked the means to do so without an infusion of advanced technology and a significant investment of time and money. (armscontrol.org)
  • Given the comprehensive nature of the monitoring regime put in place by UNSCOM, which included a strict export-import control regime, it was possible as early as 1997 to determine that, from a qualitative standpoint, Iraq had been disarmed. (armscontrol.org)
  • The success of the UNSCOM monitoring regime may hold the key to unlocking the current stalemate between Iraq and the Security Council. (armscontrol.org)
Blix1
  • In 2003, Dr. Blix became the Chairman of the Weapons of Mass Destruction Commission, an independent international body set up on the initiative of Anna Lindh. (lu.se)
Gulf War3
Assad2
  • Yet in 2013, the hexamine in government storage prompted him to blame the Assad regime for a chemical attack. (countercurrents.org)
  • The Barzah Research and Development Center, which McKenzie called the "heart" of the chemical weapons program for the Assad regime and is located in "one of the most heavily defended" areas in the world, very close to the capitol of Damascus. (defensenews.com)
Defense8
  • The Defense Ministry announced that it arrested the five members of the al Qaeda in Iraq cell and raided two factories in Baghdad that were used to research and manufacture the deadly chemical agents. (longwarjournal.org)
  • According to the Defense Ministry's spokesman, the cell was plotting to use remotely-piloted model aircraft to spray some of the chemical weapons sometime next week as Shia mourners commemorated the death of Imam Kadhum. (longwarjournal.org)
  • The cell also had contacts with a network that would have attempted to smuggle the chemical weapons for use in the United States, Canada, and Europe, the Defense Ministry said. (longwarjournal.org)
  • Laboratory equipment and chemicals were put on display for a news conference at the Defense Ministry in Baghdad, June 1, 2013. (al-monitor.com)
  • But what if Al-Qaeda indeed acquired this new technology, enabling it to manufacture chemical weapons , especially since the Ministry of Defense announcement talked about two plants being raided? (al-monitor.com)
  • Former Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld came to promote his solitaire app, but when Stephen Colbert craftily brought up the 2003 invasion of Iraq, Rumsfeld's remarks left 'The Late Show' host and many others saying "Wow. (rt.com)
  • Next, Colbert alluded to a famous answer Rumsfeld gave during a 2002 Department of Defense press conference in relation to the connection between weapons of mass destruction and Iraq. (rt.com)
  • The paper adds that he U.S. Defense Department itself reported last year that 'Iraq would need five or more years' to make an atomic bomb. (rferl.org)
20022
  • In 2002, CNN found videos of al Qaeda experimenting with chemical weapons at the Darunta camp near the city of Jalalabad in Nangarhar province, Afghanistan. (longwarjournal.org)
  • Prague, 9 September 2002 (RFE/RL) -- Commentary and analysis in the Western press today is dominated by discussion of a potential U.S.-led invasion of Iraq, following a weekend meeting on the issue between U.S. President George W. Bush and British Prime Minister Tony Blair. (rferl.org)
19911
  • In that capacity he was responsible for the mandatory nuclear inspections in Iraq that the Security Council of the UN entrusted to the Agency in 1991. (lu.se)
Falluja2
Stockpile1
  • Seems to me that if a country or countries wanted to eliminate our chemical weapons stockpile for us (like we're doing to Iraq), they wouldn't have to look too hard to find a large portion of them. (catapultmagazine.com)
Security Council2
  • Resolution 687, which had originally spelled out this obligation, was viewed by many in the Security Council (including Russia, France, and China) as no longer viable given UNSCOM's untidy link to Operation Desert Fox, the 72-hour aerial bombardment of Iraq conducted in December 1998. (armscontrol.org)
  • As the situation stands today, Iraq and the Security Council are deadlocked. (armscontrol.org)
1980s1
  • Epsilon toxin from C. perfringens is mainly of historical interest as an agent reportedly developed by Iraq in the 1980s. (msdmanuals.com)
Nuclear weapons program2
Toxins1
  • Toxin" is often loosely used to refer to any poison but technically refers only to a poisonous chemical produced by an organism (although some toxins can now also be produced synthetically). (msdmanuals.com)
Iraqis1
  • Nobody even mentioned the fact that America has chemical weapons too-how are Iraqis supposed to know that we never use them? (catapultmagazine.com)
Nerve gas1
  • In Germany's 'Sueddeutsche Zeitung,' Wolfgang Koydl considers whether U.S. President George W. Bush is correct in his claims that Iraq possesses nerve gas, chemical weapons, and is close to obtaining nuclear arms. (rferl.org)
Invasion2
20161
  • Talking about the Iraq War, even as it looms like a cloud, can be a challenge when 2016 is saturated with politics and a fun application built to benefit charity is closer at hand. (rt.com)
Civilian2
  • The use of incendiary weapons against civilian targets is banned by treaty. (trinicenter.com)
  • Iraq Body Count, the London-based organisation which monitors civilian deaths, concluded that 15,000 unrecorded civilian deaths will be added to the public record. (telegraph.co.uk)
Ghouta1
  • The biomedical and environmental samples taken by the UN chemical weapons inspection team from the alleged 21 August attack in the Ghouta area outside Damascus are currently being analyzed in four European laboratories. (un.org)
Mustard4
  • Historically, the Germans have been the uncontested masters in the discovery, production, and development of lethal poison gases used in warfare, such as mustard gas that is identified by the chemical compound symbol of C1Ch2-Ch2-S-Ch2-Ch2CI. (fas.org)
  • Furthermore, the chemicals we are talking about are principally chlorine and sulfur mustard, both of which are actually quite poor weapons by modern standards. (cbsnews.com)
  • Sulfur mustard, bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfide, is a vesicant and alkylating agent that has been developed as a chemical weapon (CW). (cdc.gov)
  • The development of reliable methods for long-term detection of sulfur mustard exposure in clinical specimens is critical for monitoring accidental exposures during demilitarization activities and providing forensic evidence during a suspected chemical weapon release. (cdc.gov)
Islamic State2
  • According to the BBC, the US intelligence community believes that most possibly Islamic State arranged for the production of chemical agents of their own. (rt.com)
  • On September 3, the Russian Foreign Ministry's spokesperson, Maria Zakharova, said that Islamic State had obtained the necessary scientific documentation for chemical weapons production. (rt.com)
Destruction9
Regime2
  • The people of the United States and our friends and allies will not live at the mercy of an outlaw regime that threatens the peace with weapons of mass murder. (americanprogress.org)
  • His regime has the design for a nuclear weapon, was working on several different methods of enriching uranium, and recently was discovered seeking significant quantities of uranium from Africa. (americanprogress.org)
Kurdish4
  • Kurdish forces, fighting ISIS Islamic Fascist Terrorists in Iraq have reported that they came under a chemical weapons attack in a recent encounter. (nationalfreedomforum.com)
  • With Turkey, its northern neighbor, Iraq has recently cooperated militarily against Kurdish insurgents. (merip.org)
  • it used chemical weapons against Kurdish rebels 15 years ago. (progressive.org)
  • That Iraq has cruelly attacked its Kurdish minority can hardly be a justification for war. (progressive.org)
Arms Control1
  • An independent U.S. foundation for research into arms-control issues has published new evidence that Baghdad sought to procure -- and, in some cases, procured -- banned weapons material from Romania, Ukraine, Belarus, and Russia in the early and mid-1990s. (rferl.org)
Quantities of chemical2
  • Iraq no longer possessed any meaningful quantities of chemical or biological agent, if it possessed any at all, and the industrial means to produce these agents had either been eliminated or were subject to stringent monitoring. (armscontrol.org)
  • After World War II, large quantities of chemical weapons were disposed of at various dumping sites in Europe and Japan. (medscape.com)
Efforts1
Democracy1
  • Pundits also argued that once the authoritarian ruler was gone, Iraq would blossom into a showcase of peace and democracy that would inspire transformation throughout the region. (newsmax.com)
Troops3
  • The London Guardian today urges Britons, and especially MPs voting this evening on a deceptively-worded resolution to give Blair authority to commit his country and troops to war on Iraq, to reject war and Bush's artificial deadline. (howtosavetheworld.ca)
  • They claim Iranian intelligence officers served inside Iraq, at one point manning checkpoints with local militias, and describe a firefight on the border in which American troops shot an Iranian border guard dead and then came under prolonged attack as they returned to base. (telegraph.co.uk)
  • American troops handed over captives to the infamous 'Wolf Brigade' torture squad, a feared unit controlled by the Iraq ministry of interior. (telegraph.co.uk)
Agents6
  • The spokesperson warned of the possibility of these chemical agents spreading outside of the territory controlled by ISIS and even beyond of the Middle East. (rt.com)
  • The group had acquired some of the precursor chemicals as well as the formulas needed to manufacture the agents. (longwarjournal.org)
  • The report of an al Qaeda cell in possession of chemical agents is the second from the Middle East in the past two days. (longwarjournal.org)
  • Since that time, these agents have been produced for two purposes: as riot-control agents and as emesis-inducing agents to promote removal of personal protective gear during chemical warfare. (medscape.com)
  • Recently, concerns have arisen regarding the potential environmental and human health impact of chronic exposure to vomiting agents due to contamination at sites where these chemicals were dumped following WWII. (medscape.com)
  • Biological Weapons Biological warfare is the use of microbiological agents as weapons. (msdmanuals.com)
Anthrax2
  • Faced with its duplicity Iraq finally admitted to producing aflatoxin-which causes cancers, the paralysing poison botulinum and anthrax bacteria. (motherjones.com)
  • Training there were no major funding programs for hospital incident command and smallpox, anthrax, chemical, and radiological directed toward hospitals for this exposures was ahead of training for other infectious diseases. (cdc.gov)
Officials3
  • The officials, who both have first-hand knowledge of the individual and of the ISIS chemical program, spoke to the AP on condition of anonymity as they are not authorized to brief the media. (cbsnews.com)
  • Airstrikes are targeting laboratories and equipment, and further special forces raids targeting chemical weapons experts are planned, the intelligence officials said. (cbsnews.com)
  • Remember the confidence with which he and other Bush administration officials described their plans to remake Iraq? (newsmax.com)
Threats4
  • Even before the current confrontation in the Gulf, Iraq was an extremely militarized country, preoccupied with internal and external "security threats. (merip.org)
  • Iraq poses "terrible threats to the civilized world. (americanprogress.org)
  • Iraq and North Korea are both repressive dictatorships to be sure and both pose threats. (americanprogress.org)
  • However, McKenzie noted the S-400 systems were not turned off, simply not activated, leaving open the option their radar systems were used to tracking incoming threats but the weapons systems were not fired. (defensenews.com)
Afghanistan2
Inspections2
  • On the issue of weapons inspection, Iraq insists on certain conditions before it will allow inspections to resume. (progressive.org)
  • Some 700 inspections at some 500 different sites did not point to the existence of any proscribed weapons. (lu.se)
19891
  • From 1980 to 1989, Iraq imported more than $25 billion in major weapons systems, and the total bill for all weapons procurement may have been as high as $80 billion for the decade in current prices - more than France ($68.6 billion), Britain ($69.5 billion) or West Germany ($41.3 billion). (merip.org)
Programmes1
  • In those circumstances the overwhelming imperative is that Iraq demonstrates to the world that it has destroyed those weapons and disbanded those programmes. (motherjones.com)
Mass2