• The effects of initial pH, electrolytic voltage, electrolyte concentration, initial phenol concentration and particle electrode dosage on the performance of the three-dimensional (3D) electrocatalytic oxidation in phenol degradation were investigated. (mdpi.com)
  • Batch adsorption experiment was conducted on effect of process variables (carbonization temperature, initial phenol concentration, adsorbent dosage, contact time, solution pH and temperature) on the adsorption of phenol onto rice husk activated carbon. (projectreserve.com)
  • Large amounts of phenol are produced in the United States. (cdc.gov)
  • Each milliliter of HUMALOG U-100 contains insulin lispro 100 units, 16 mg glycerin, 1.88 mg dibasic sodium phosphate, 3.15 mg Metacresol, zinc oxide content adjusted to provide 0.0197 mg zinc ion, trace amounts of phenol, and Water for Injection. (rxlist.com)
  • Despite decades of research on the fate of phenolic compounds when water is disinfected with hypochlorous acid (HOCl), there is still considerable uncertainty regarding the formation mechanisms and identity of ring cleavage products, especially at higher chlorine doses. (nih.gov)
  • Supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) experiments were performed in a tubular flow reactor at 420-465°C and 141-241 bar. (psu.edu)
  • Henrikson, JT & Savage, PE 2003, ' Water-density effects on phenol oxidation in supercritical water ', AIChE Journal , vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 718-726. (psu.edu)
  • In this study, the fate of naphthalene was investigated with a supercritical water oxidation process (SCWO). (iwaponline.com)
  • Supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) is defined as one of the most effective and green treatment methods. (iwaponline.com)
  • The results showed that total phenol and lignin concentrations were higher in seed collected from water-stressed plants compared with those collected from watered plants whether B was applied or not. (scirp.org)
  • The higher total phenol and lignin concentration in seed collected of water-stressed plants may be due to B-deficiency in plant tissues. (scirp.org)
  • Objectives: We sought to identify predictors of exposure and to assess the reproducibility of phenol concentrations across serial spot urine samples among Chinese adults. (nih.gov)
  • When heated, phenol produces flammable vapors that are explosive at concentrations of 3 to 10% in air. (wikipedia.org)
  • These contain large concentrations of iodine-demanding compounds, including phenol (Barkely et al. (vt.edu)
  • Studies were conducted by reacting various concentrations of iodine with phenol at pH 5.5 and 8.0.Iodine concentrations of 10 and 50 mg/L and phenol concentrations of 5 and 50 mg/L were used. (vt.edu)
  • The initial mass ratio of iodine to phenol was the major determining factor in the concentrations and types of by-products formed. (vt.edu)
  • FPA panel indicated the odor threshold concentrations for phenol, 2-iodophenol, and 4-iodophenol were 5 mg/L, less than 1 ug/L, and 1 mg/L respectively. (vt.edu)
  • The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of foliar B fertilizer on seed phenolics (phenol, lignin, and isoflavones) and sugars concentrations. (scirp.org)
  • Application of B resulted in higher concentrations of total seed B and isoflavones under watered and water-stressed plants. (scirp.org)
  • The increase of raffinose and stachyose concentrations in seed of water-stressed plants is undesirable as raffinose, and especially stachyose may be involved in water stress/drought tolerance. (scirp.org)
  • Incidentally, large volume of wastewater containing high concentrations of toxic contaminants such as phenol and other contaminants are continuously being generated as a result of increased industrial activities. (projectreserve.com)
  • This study focuses on the formation of electrophilic ring cleavage products-a class of compounds that poses potential health risks at relatively low concentrations-from the reactions of phenols with chlorine. (nih.gov)
  • Hydrogen-sulfide (7783064) concentrations were less than 0.1 part per million (ppm) when no one was working in the ballast water tank, and 0.6ppm during work operation. (cdc.gov)
  • Phenol (108952) concentrations were below 0.01ppm. (cdc.gov)
  • Phenol has a distinct odor that is sickeningly sweet and tarry. (cdc.gov)
  • Phenol, or Benzenol, (also known as carbolic acid or phenolic acid) is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula C6H5OH. (wikipedia.org)
  • What provoked these "skinners" to come to the conclusion that phenol (carbolic acid), together with Croton oil-when occluded-would produce a controlled desiccation of the skin is left to the uncertainty of the past. (plasticsurgerypractice.com)
  • Their traditional synthesis involves reacting carboxylic acids or their derivatives with amines/alcohols in the presence of water-sensitive coupling reagents. (chemistryviews.org)
  • The team reacted different potassium thioacids with a broad range of amines at 35 °C in γ-valerolactone or with phenol derivatives at 100 °C in diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (diglyme). (chemistryviews.org)
  • Friedel Crafts alkylations of phenol and its derivatives often proceed without catalysts. (wikipedia.org)
  • Phenol derivatives are preferred for the production of polycarbonates, epoxy resins, bakelite, and nylon. (marketsandmarkets.com)
  • The Asia-Pacific region is the largest market in the global phenol derivatives market, in terms of value, and this trend is expected to continue till 2026. (marketsandmarkets.com)
  • Countries in this region such as China, India, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan are witnessing an increase in the use of phenol derivatives in the production of electronics goods and automotive. (marketsandmarkets.com)
  • The industrial activities in China and South Korea mainly concentrated by manufacturing of electronics goods, and hence increasing the demand of phenol derivatives in the region. (marketsandmarkets.com)
  • China is the largest and fastest-growing market for phenol derivatives and this trend is expected to continue till 2026. (marketsandmarkets.com)
  • The phenol derivatives market has many global players competing for market shares. (marketsandmarkets.com)
  • Maximum yields of BDA were observed when chlorine was present in large excess (HOCl/phenol ratios of 30:1 to 50:1), with yields ranging from 18% for phenol to 46% for 3,5-diCl-catechol. (nih.gov)
  • Under the optimum condition for the production of rice husk activated carbon developed, characterization of the rice husk activated carbon was carried out and column adsorption experiment was conducted in two modes: Rapid Small Scale Column Test (RSSCT) and Large Scale Column Test (LSCT) using process wastewater collected from Kaduna refinery and Samaru stream water. (projectreserve.com)
  • To evaluate the antipsoriatic and anticancer activity of the sample, the determination of phenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity were necessary to understand the role of N. sativa seeds in reducing oxidative stress- related diseases like psoriasis and lung cancer. (ijpsonline.com)
  • In carbon tetrachloride and in alkane solvents, phenol hydrogen bonds with a wide range of Lewis bases such as pyridine, diethyl ether, and diethyl sulfide. (wikipedia.org)
  • Total phenols were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method on methanol extracts of clear red maple tissue. (apsnet.org)
  • Quantitative determination of phenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activities were performed using Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method, aluminium chloride colorimetric method and hydroxyl radical scavenging assay respectively. (ijpsonline.com)
  • The results showed that under the optimal conditions, the removal rates of phenol and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were 99.65% and 67.16%, respectively. (mdpi.com)
  • For removal of proteins and most of the free nucleotides, phenol:chloroform extraction and ethanol precipitation of RNA transcripts is the preferred method. (neb.com)
  • When all the compounds (24) were gathered in the same medium (total concentration: 500 mg/l), BM90 caused the complete depletion of 18 phenols and the partial removal of two others. (nih.gov)
  • Extracts were chromatographed in two dimension cellulose thin-layer chromatography plates with butanol:acetic acid:water (6:1:2) and 7% acetic acid:0.03% sodium acetate. (apsnet.org)
  • As a result of this screening assessment, the Government concluded that the 8 substances in the Phenol-formaldehyde Resins Group are not harmful to human health or to the environment at levels of exposure considered in the assessment. (canada.ca)
  • This screening assessment focuses on 8 substances referred to collectively under the Chemicals Management Plan (CMP) as the Phenol-formaldehyde Resins Group. (canada.ca)
  • Phenol-formaldehyde resins do not occur naturally in the environment, but are human-made. (canada.ca)
  • Available information indicates that the 8 substances in the Phenol-formaldehyde Resins Group have either low import quantities or low environmental exposures. (canada.ca)
  • On the basis of the information presented in this screening assessment, the risk to human health from phenol-formaldehyde resins is low. (canada.ca)
  • The Government of Canada published the Final Screening Assessment for the Phenol-Formaldehyde Resins Group on December 12, 2020. (canada.ca)
  • Phenol-formaldehyde resins may be found in products available to consumers. (canada.ca)
  • The purely water-based products from the Acrodur ® family are a low-emission alternative to traditional formaldehyde-based urea, melamine or phenolic resins. (basf.com)
  • Water-based alternative to conventional formaldehyde-based resins. (basf.com)
  • Bisphenol-A is a phenol derivative commonly used for producing polycarbonates and epoxy resins. (marketsandmarkets.com)
  • Further, epoxy resins used to coat metal products such as food cans, bottle tops, and water supply pipes. (marketsandmarkets.com)
  • Synthesized mRNA can be purified by LiCl precipitation, phenol:chloroform extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, or by using a spin column based method (e.g. (neb.com)
  • Extract with an equal volume of 1:1 phenol:chloroform mixture, followed by two extractions with chloroform. (neb.com)
  • Add 1 volume of phenol/chloroform/isoamyl alcohol to each digest and mix. (nih.gov)
  • Phenolics or polyphenols are synthesized through the shikimate phenylpropanoids flavonoids pathways, producing monomeric and polymeric phenols and polyphenols [26,27]. (scirp.org)
  • Nigella sativa seeds were found to possess good amount of phenols and flavonoids. (ijpsonline.com)
  • The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is considering the use of iodine for disinfection of recycled wastewater and potable water in the International Space Station (ISS). (vt.edu)
  • The antimicrobial effect of spraying and immersing methods was almost equal while mere water rinsing showed no significant disinfection effect [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • ENVIRONMENTAL LEVELS AND HUMAN EXPOSURE 5.1 Environmental levels 5.1.1 Air 5.1.2 Water 5.1.3 Soil and sediments 5.1.4 Food 5.2 General population exposure 5.3 Occupational exposure during manufacture, formulation or use 6. (inchem.org)
  • CO 2 ‐promoted direct acylation of amines and phenols by the activation of inert thioacid salts , Huan Wang, Yudong Li, Shaoli Liu, Mohamed Makha, Jian-Fei Bai, Yuehui Li, ChemSusChem 2022 . (chemistryviews.org)
  • and Hetter gives credit to Douglas Montgomery, MD, as being the first physician to write about "occlusive" peels using variations of the phenol formula. (plasticsurgerypractice.com)
  • Today, scientists have identified numerous forms of acid which can be used to induce beneficial changes for our skin, including salicylic acid, trichloroacetic acid (or T.C.A.) and phenol peels. (consultingroom.com)
  • By decoupling the water concentration from the system pressure, it was shown that the rate of phenol disappearance during SCWO is influenced by the water concentration and not the system pressure. (psu.edu)
  • The SCWO process can be used as an alternative treatment method, especially in industrial waters containing refractory compounds. (iwaponline.com)
  • The effects of sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) on the stratum corneum partitioning and permeability in porcine skin of 10 agricultural and industrial chemicals in water, ethanol and propylene glycol were investigated. (cdc.gov)
  • SLS decreased partitioning into stratum corneum from water for lipophilic compounds, decreased partitioning from propylene glycol and did not alter partitioning from ethanol. (cdc.gov)
  • SLS effects on permeability were less consistent, but generally decreased permeability from water, increased permeability from ethanol and had an inconsistent effect on permeability from propylene glycol. (cdc.gov)
  • A series of non-toxic and environmentally benign solvent systems, composed of water/ethanol, acidified with either acetic or citric acid, were tested for their efficiency in extracting polyphenols from dried carob kibbles. (researchgate.net)
  • Phenol is an organic compound appreciably soluble in water, with about 84.2 g dissolving in 1000 mL (0.895 M). Homogeneous mixtures of phenol and water at phenol to water mass ratios of ~2.6 and higher are possible. (wikipedia.org)
  • Phenol in soil is likely to move to groundwater. (cdc.gov)
  • Phenol that remains in soil may be broken down by bacteria or other microorganisms. (cdc.gov)
  • Used mineral-based crankcase oil may be released directly into the air, water, or soil through fuel burning, re-refining, engine oil leaks, automobile or truck exhaust, uncontrolled disposal into sewers or landfills, and to a lesser extent via environmental spills. (cdc.gov)
  • In addition, experiments showed that lowering the water concentration using pure water as the solvent also increased the phenol conversion. (psu.edu)
  • For methyl-substituted phenols, the presence of methyl substituents in both positions ortho to the hydroxy group inhibited BDA and Cl-BDA formation, but the chlorination of cresols and 2,3-dimethylphenol yielded methyl- and dimethyl-BDA species. (nih.gov)
  • The research demonstrated that foliar B fertilizer altered seed phenol, lignin, isoflavones, and sugars, suggesting that B involved in phenolics and sugar metabolism. (scirp.org)
  • Ingestion can occur through the use of products such as throat lozenges or sore throat sprays that contain phenol. (cdc.gov)
  • Phenol was the organic reactant. (psu.edu)
  • Phenol reacts with dilute nitric acid at room temperature to give a mixture of 2-nitrophenol and 4-nitrophenol while with concentrated nitric acid, additional nitro groups are introduced, e.g. to give 2,4,6-trinitrophenol. (wikipedia.org)
  • Both pure water and a helium (1/3 by mol)-water mixture served as reaction media. (psu.edu)
  • A new method for determining the endocrine disrupting substance 4-nonylphenol (technical grade=mixture of isomers, 4-NP) from water samples has been developed by using 4-(2,6-dimethylhept-3-yl)phenol (4-sec-NP) as model compound. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • To the best of our knowledge, 4-(2,6-dimethylhept-3-yl)phenol (racemic mixture) is a newly synthesized 4-nonylphenol isomer and has not been described elsewhere. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • While historically referred to as "steam" (and thus implying only water vapor), the emission instead is a "multi-phase mixture" or emission cloud. (cdc.gov)
  • For better control of the clean-up process, we recommend application of 4-sec-NP as internal standard, at least in water samples with complex matrices (e.g., high content of hydroxylated compounds). (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • Reactions of iodine with phenol resulted in the formation of the following by-products: 2-iodophenol, 4-iodophenol, diiodophenols, and 2,4,6-triiodophenol. (vt.edu)
  • Each mL contains promethazine hydrochloride 25 mg, edetate disodium 0.1 mg, calcium chloride 0.04 mg, sodium metabisulfite 0.25 mg and phenol 5 mg in Water for Injection. (nih.gov)
  • Phenol is used to make plastics. (cdc.gov)
  • This public health statement tells you about phenol and the effects of exposure to it. (cdc.gov)
  • Exposure occurs through breathing and dermal contact with contaminated air or by skin contact with products containing phenol. (cdc.gov)
  • Background: Exposure to certain phenols is ubiquitous because of their use in many consumer and personal care products. (nih.gov)
  • neither is exposure from environmental media (for example, drinking water). (canada.ca)
  • Phenol is both a manufactured chemical and produced naturally. (cdc.gov)
  • Carbon dioxide or dry chemical extinguishers should be used to fight phenol fires. (wikipedia.org)
  • The effluent standards for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) exclusively apply to the effluents discharged into public waters other than seas and lakes, the effluent standards for chemical oxygen demand (COD) exclusively apply to the effluents discharged into seas and lakes. (go.jp)
  • The phenols used, chosen for their presence in industrial or agro-industrial effluents, were grouped on the base of their chemical characteristics. (nih.gov)
  • The CIPP procedure involves the chemical manufacture of a new plastic pipe called a CIPP inside a damaged water pipe. (cdc.gov)
  • Dermal contact can occur through the use of general disinfectants and ointments containing phenol. (cdc.gov)
  • The phenol-Croton oil peel, when properly applied to the correctly chosen patient, has been time-proven to be superior to any other resurfacing agent, both for its capacity to eliminate wrinkles in a uniform manner and because it is the most cost-efficient method for the elimination of facial elastosis. (plasticsurgerypractice.com)
  • Primarily used by "lay peelers" of the early 20th century, the phenol peel was popularized as the fountain-of-youth formula in the early 1920s among the stars of Hollywood, according to Hetter,1 and in Miami, where individuals came upon the secret of the facial peel formula. (plasticsurgerypractice.com)
  • Water Management: Social and Technological Perspectives discusses developments in energy-efficient water production, management, wastewater treatment, and social and political aspects related to water management and re-use of treated water. (taylorfrancis.com)
  • The greatest number of IDBPs were formed when reaction solutions consisted of 1:1 mass ratio of iodine to phenol. (vt.edu)
  • Adding helium to the reaction medium permitted variation of the water concentration and system pressure independently. (psu.edu)
  • Adjust the reaction volume to 180 μl by adding nuclease-free water. (neb.com)
  • Higher cell wall B was higher in water-stressed plants than in watered plants, having an opposite trend to total B. Application of B resulted in higher seed sucrose in watered and water-stressed plants, but raffinose and stachyose were significantly higher under water-stressed plants. (scirp.org)
  • Make Klenow DNA polymerase dilution: 1 µl + 4 µl Illumina water. (nih.gov)
  • Based on the characteristics of the ISS recycled wastewater sources and potable water treatment system, a series of experiments was designed to evaluate the formation of IDBPs under different experimental conditions. (vt.edu)
  • Phenol is so strongly activated that bromination and chlorination lead readily to polysubstitution. (wikipedia.org)
  • Chlorination of Phenols Revisited: Unexpected Formation of α,β-Unsaturated C4-Dicarbonyl Ring Cleavage Products. (nih.gov)
  • BDA and Cl-BDA formation was also observed during the chlorination of brominated phenols. (nih.gov)
  • Boron also plays a vital role in transport of carbohydrates, cell wall metabolism [22], permeability and stability of cell membranes, and phenol metabolism [11]. (scirp.org)
  • Some impression materials, like alginate which is commonly used in dentistry [ 9 ], absorb water and distort when they are immersed in disinfectant materials [ 10 ] due to their hydrophilic properties. (hindawi.com)
  • Other routes of movement to the aquatic medium of naphthalene are known as rain and runoff waters ( Irwin 1997 ) because the naphthalene can transfer between air and water depending on its solubility and environmental conditions. (iwaponline.com)
  • The CIPP manufacturing process can expose workers to raw chemicals, forced air, steam, hot water, ultraviolet (UV) light, materials created and released into the air during manufacture, as well as liquids and solids generated by the process and worker activities. (cdc.gov)