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MethaneOxygen ConsumptionHydrocarbonsOxygenWaterHydrogenPolycyclic Hydrocarbons, AromaticReceptors, Aryl HydrocarbonHydrogen PeroxideHydrogen BondingHydrogen SulfideWater SupplyReactive Oxygen SpeciesMethylococcaceaeHydrocarbons, AromaticOxidation-ReductionFresh WaterPolycyclic CompoundsEnergy MetabolismTetrachlorodibenzodioxinHydrocarbons, HalogenatedOxygenasesHydrocarbons, ChlorinatedCarbon DioxideWater Pollutants, ChemicalBody WaterEuryarchaeotaMolecular Sequence DataAryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear TranslocatorMethylococcus capsulatusAlkanesKineticsTime FactorsCytochrome P-450 CYP1A1Biodegradation, EnvironmentalModels, MolecularWater PurificationTemperatureBenzo(a)pyreneAnaerobiosisWater PollutionAryl Hydrocarbon HydroxylasesPetroleumAlcohol DrinkingHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationEthaneGeologic SedimentsMitochondriaPhysical ExertionDietExercise TestPartial PressureCell Adhesion MoleculesPyrenesBacteriaLactic AcidWater PollutantsBenz(a)AnthracenesSeawaterHeart RateModels, BiologicalAmino Acid SequenceMyocardiumExerciseMethylosinus trichosporiumMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopyLactatesPolarographyMolecular StructureSinglet OxygenGlucoseGasesDose-Response Relationship, DrugArchaeaBenzopyrenesAcetatesBody Temperature RegulationOxygen Inhalation TherapyOxygen IsotopesAerobiosisCells, CulturedCell RespirationMethanolAdenosine TriphosphateSoil MicrobiologyHemodynamicsSoil PollutantsDogsBinding SitesProtein BindingDioxinsProtein ConformationEnvironmental MonitoringEthanolOxidoreductasesAnoxiaIon-Selective ElectrodesBody WeightRespirationCardiac Output
CombustionGasesAromaticMethanolAlkanesCoal2023Oxidize methaneMixtureParaffinsGaseousEthanolChloroformSynthesis gasClathratesVaporColorlessAtmosphericOrganic compoundsFuelsFeedstockVolatileChemicalChemicalsCarbon atomsPetroleumMolecular FormulaCombustibleFuelAbundantSimplestMildHydrophobicTemperatureDisinfectantTemperaturesEnvironmentally friendlyH2O2PhotocatalysisNaturallySalineAmmoniaConcentrationCrudeNatural gasMetalsSingle bondsHigherEnergy consumptionThermalNuclearEquivalentDioxide
Combustion6
  • 7 Ammonia requires only water, air and power for its production, and it does not release carbon emissions on combustion. (rsc.org)
  • formation of a combustible fuel-air mixture and in transporting oxygen into inflamed regions to complete combustion. (datapdf.com)
  • Combustion of hydrocarbons is the main source of the world's energy. (wikipedia.org)
  • Most fuels used by humans undergo combustion, a redox reaction in which a combustible substance releases energy after it ignites and reacts with the oxygen in the air. (absoluteastronomy.com)
  • During my professional career, I learned a great deal about actinide fission, a compact, abundant energy producing process that can do almost anything that hydrocarbon combustion can do and do it better. (atomicinsights.com)
  • The core point of the condensing boiler The core of the condensing technology is to reduce the heat loss of fuel combustion, efficiently absorb the heat energy generated by the fuel, and at the same time, due to the condensation of the flue gas, the harmful substances in the flue gas are collected into the condensed water, which reduces the acidity and other substances. (szburners.com)
Gases12
Aromatic5
Methanol3
  • The syngas-methanol-based technological chain is the most common, since methanol is widely used as a feedstock for the chemical industry or for the production of various fuels (energy applications), and as a final product used, for example, as an additive to petroleum products (direct methanol blending). (aenert.com)
  • Scientists at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in Richland, Washington recently announced the creation of a new system that they claim is the least costly to date that captures carbon dioxide and turns it into a widely-used chemical: methanol. (earthwiseradio.org)
  • And it's not only about the hydrogen or ammonia or methanol manufacturing facility. (columbia.edu)
Alkanes3
Coal6
  • In addition to the methods mentioned above, there are other methods for the production of synthetic fuels, in particular the direct coal liquefaction by hydrogenation, i.e. heating coal in the presence of hydrogen. (aenert.com)
  • In the fossil fuel industries, hydrocarbon refers to naturally occurring petroleum , natural gas and coal , or their hydrocarbon derivatives and purified forms. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is found associated with other hydrocarbon fuel, in coal beds, as methane clathrates, and is an important fuel source and a major feedstock for fertilizers.Most natural. (absoluteastronomy.com)
  • Global warming is mostly due to heat production by human industry since the 1800s, from nuclear power and fossil fuels, better termed hydrocarbons, - coal, oil, natural gas. (skepticalscience.com)
  • This process consists of heating the feed material coal in a vessel with or without the addition of oxygen (O2). (ispatguru.com)
  • Town gas, a gaseous product manufactured from coal, containing approximately 50 % H2, with the rest comprised of mostly methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), with 3 % to 6 % CO, is a gaseous product manufactured from coal. (ispatguru.com)
20232
Oxidize methane3
Mixture4
  • As the molecular mixture migrates through a fixed bed of porous semi-solid material called a sieve (or matrix), the components with the highest molecular weight (unable to enter the molecular pore) first leave the bed and then pass through successive smaller molecules. (balzacbrasserie.com)
  • In most cases, synthetic fuels are liquid or gaseous fuels obtained from syngas - a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. (aenert.com)
  • The proportion of light hydrocarbons in the petroleum mixture varies greatly among different oil fields, ranging from as much as 97 percent by weight in the lighter oils to as little as 50 percent in the heavier oils and bitumens. (lumenlearning.com)
  • Carbon reacts with water in the form of steam and O2 at relatively high pressure typically greater that 30 kilograms per square centimeter (kg/sq cm) and produce raw syngas, a mixture composed primarily of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2) and some minor byproducts. (ispatguru.com)
Paraffins1
  • The Fischer-Tropsch method makes it possible to obtain a variety of liquid hydrocarbons, including diesel fuel, kerosene, as well as paraffins, wax, etc. (aenert.com)
Gaseous4
  • In its strictest sense, petroleum includes only crude oil, but in common usage it includes all liquid, gaseous, and solid hydrocarbons. (lumenlearning.com)
  • However, because the underground temperature and pressure are higher than at the surface, the gas may contain heavier hydrocarbons such as pentane, hexane, and heptane in the gaseous state. (lumenlearning.com)
  • Laser pyrolysis exploits a laser beam to provide the energy necessary for the pyrolysis reaction of a solid, liquid, or gaseous reagent inside a reactor in which there is a controlled and oxygen-free atmosphere. (springer.com)
  • If the abiotic oil theory is correct, human progress and prosperity are not limited by the amount of decaying plant, plankton and animal matter was rolled into the Earth's crust and pressed and baked into liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons. (atomicinsights.com)
Ethanol5
  • Other work focusing on harvesting hydrogen gas, methane, or ethanol from algae, as well as nutritional supplements and pharmaceutical compounds, has also helped inform research on biofuel production from algae. (wikipedia.org)
  • The 3A molecular sieve is used to dry a range of materials, such as ethanol, air, refrigerants, natural gas, and unsaturated hydrocarbons. (balzacbrasserie.com)
  • The 3A molecular sieve is used to remove water from ethanol, which can then be used directly as a biofuel or indirectly to produce a variety of products, such as chemicals, food, medicines, and so on. (balzacbrasserie.com)
  • Due to the formation of azeotropes with a concentration of about 95.6% (by weight), ordinary distillation cannot remove all water (unwanted byproducts in ethanol production) from the ethanol process stream, so molecular sieve beads are used to separate ethanol and water at the molecular level by the following method: Adsorbed water into the beads to allow ethanol to pass freely. (balzacbrasserie.com)
  • It is soluble in water, ethanol, propanol, ether, benzene and chloroform and many other kinds of organic substance and is called as the "universal solvent. (chemicalbook.com)
Chloroform1
  • An example is the conversion of methane to chloroform using a chlorination reaction . (wikipedia.org)
Synthesis gas2
  • The current commercial route for large-scale transformation of methane involves the indirect conversion via synthesis gas. (despojadoycaridad.com)
  • Bypassing the synthesis gas route and using photocatalysis to convert methane to valuable hydrocarbons and oxygenates offers a green alternative as photocatalysis is superior in activating and converting inert methane to hydrocarbons and oxygenates under mild conditions. (despojadoycaridad.com)
Clathrates1
  • For example, in the liquefied natural gas (LNG) industry, the water content of the gas needs to be reduced to less than 1ppmv to prevent clogging caused by ice or methane clathrates. (balzacbrasserie.com)
Vapor3
  • Synthetic graphite is a material consisting of graphitic carbon which has been obtained by graphitizing of non-graphitic carbon, by CVD (chemical vapor deposition) from hydrocarbons at temperatures above 2500 K, by decomposition of thermally unstable carbides or by crystallizing from metal melts supersaturated with carbon. (wikipedia.org)
  • We briefly cover the history of some important diagnostics including recently-developed diode laser sensors for a variety of parameters including: water vapor concentration, singlet oxygen yield, small signal gain, and translational temperature. (spie.org)
  • Condensing boiler is to use high-efficiency flue gas condensation waste heat recovery device to absorb the sensible heat in the exhaust flue gas at the tail of the boiler and the latent heat released by the condensation of water vapor, so as to achieve the purpose of improving the thermal efficiency of the boiler. (szburners.com)
Colorless2
  • Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a colorless, odorless, and slightly acidic liquid used mainly as an oxidant in chemical synthesis, and this chemical is used in a wide range of products including cleaning, personnel care, semiconductor industry, printed circuit boards etching, and others. (thebusinessresearchcompany.com)
  • and standard pressure, methane is a colorless, odorless gas. (absoluteastronomy.com)
Atmospheric3
  • Atmospheric methane levels are of interest due to its impact on climate change. (absoluteastronomy.com)
  • Unlike many climate concerned individuals, including several deeply respected colleagues, I don't agree that stabilization or even moderate reductions in atmospheric CO2 would require us to eliminate hydrocarbon burning. (atomicinsights.com)
  • Considering background of global warming and atmospheric methane growth, to catalyze total oxidation of atmospheric methane is of great importance to mitigate greenhouse effects and slow this global warming. (jim.org.cn)
Organic compounds1
Fuels5
  • Photocatalysis, the process of using light to accelerate a chemical reaction, offers a promising and green technology for methane conversion to high-value fuels and chemicals. (despojadoycaridad.com)
  • Among the conventional fuels, methane has a high caloric value and is easily transported using pipes. (despojadoycaridad.com)
  • Today, the idea of ​​using surplus local hydrocarbons of one type to produce synthetic fuels of another type still exists, but increasingly it is driven by market levers and environmental regulations. (aenert.com)
  • Saturated hydrocarbons are the basis of petroleum fuels and may be either linear or branched species. (wikipedia.org)
  • Currently, nearly all of it is made by breaking apart hydrocarbon fossil fuels, giving hydrogen and carbon dioxide. (columbia.edu)
Feedstock1
  • Increasing environmental and policy concerns and measures have generated increasing interest in the use of biomass resources as renewable feedstock for electricity generation, fuel production, chemical processing, and hydrogen production [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
Volatile1
  • Volatile fatty acids (VFA) are intermediary degradation products during anaerobic digestion (AD) that are subsequently converted to methanogenic substrates, such as hydrogen (H 2 ), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), and acetic acid (CH 3 COOH). (mdpi.com)
Chemical8
  • Green hydrogen is the foundation of most chemical energy vectors. (rsc.org)
  • So methane is currently used not only as a fuel but also as a fundamental chemical source. (despojadoycaridad.com)
  • It is used in various industries such as pulp and paper, chemical synthesis, healthcare and personal care, food processing, textile, water and wastewater treatment, electronics and semiconductor, and other end-users. (thebusinessresearchcompany.com)
  • The COIL laboratory with a small chemical oxygen-iodine laser facility participates in the worldwide effort to develop a competitive quasi-steady laser device for industrial and military applications. (spie.org)
  • dimethyl sulfoxide is widely applied as the extraction agent in a lot of chemical and pharmaceutical companies. (chemicalbook.com)
  • The Fischer-Tropsch process is a catalyzed chemical reaction in which CO and H2 are converted into liquid hydrocarbons of various forms. (ispatguru.com)
  • There are multiple treatment methods that can cause sustained unique capability in plain water for at least 4-5 days and used without added chemical or solutes. (powershow.com)
  • Family name of a group of organic chemical compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. (opisnet.com)
Chemicals8
  • The shift to methane conversion by net-zero carbon dioxide emissions is a critical task for both scientific research and industry, as it will produce high-value chemicals without potentially catastrophic consequences," said Junwang Tang, a professor at University College London. (despojadoycaridad.com)
  • Scientists need to develop technology for methane conversion to more useful, high-value carbon chemicals by a low or zero carbon process. (despojadoycaridad.com)
  • Our ultimate goal is to produce the seven most basic chemicals by photocatalytic methane conversion," said Tang. (despojadoycaridad.com)
  • If the team can achieve this goal, a considerable portion of chemicals like oxygenates, hydrocarbons and polymers could be obtained through the low-carbon process of photocatalytic methane conversion. (despojadoycaridad.com)
  • This could significantly reduce energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions during the production of the major chemicals," said Tang. (despojadoycaridad.com)
  • Hydrogen Peroxide when mixed with other chemicals acts as a disinfectant and can be used to clean hospitals and houses. (thebusinessresearchcompany.com)
  • Biogas is competitive, viable, and generally a sustainable energy resource due to abundant supply of cheap feedstocks and availability of a wide range of biogas applications in heating, power generation, fuel, and raw materials for further processing and production of sustainable chemicals including hydrogen, and carbon dioxide and biofuels. (hindawi.com)
  • The major contents of the book are iodine from oil well brines, lactic acid from corn sugar, modern production of chlorine and caustic soda, organic chemicals, chemicals derived from methane and so on. (niir.org)
Carbon atoms1
Petroleum5
  • HVAC systems are widely utilized in various industries, such as Oil & Gas (O&G), petroleum, refineries, and among others. (reportsanddata.com)
  • In the reservoir it is usually found in association with natural gas, which being lighter forms a gas cap over the petroleum, and saline water which, being heavier than most forms of crude oil, generally sinks beneath it. (lumenlearning.com)
  • are petroleum and methane primal compounds? (atomicinsights.com)
  • Personal paradigm changing discoveries in progress - are petroleum and methane primal compounds? (atomicinsights.com)
  • If the theories hold true, and so far I have not found any fundamental flaws in the evidence they have cited and proofs that they offer, then petroleum and methane are not fossil fuel whose overall resource on Earth is finite. (atomicinsights.com)
Molecular Formula1
  • Hydrocarbons with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae are called structural isomers . (wikipedia.org)
Combustible1
Fuel11
  • Filling these gaps in the literature is a prerequisite to the development of robust hydrogen and ammonia strategies, and to enable the formation of global import and export markets of green fuel. (rsc.org)
  • Methane is a relatively clean and low-cost fuel. (despojadoycaridad.com)
  • Biogas can also be used in fuel cells for direct conversion to electricity and raw material for hydrogen and transport fuel production which is a significant pathway to sustainable energy development. (hindawi.com)
  • Since syngas contains the main components of any organic matter - hydrogen, oxygen and carbon (the latter in the form of carbon monoxide), it is potentially possible to form long organic molecules with a high molecular weight, which are the material basis of hydrocarbon fuel. (aenert.com)
  • Historically, this feasibility was determined by the need of individual countries (Germany, South Africa) for liquid hydrocarbon fuel. (aenert.com)
  • Thus, in effect the tests involved fuel replacement by hydrogen rather than hydrogen addition. (datapdf.com)
  • In the second part of the paper, these experimental results are compared with a 1D multistage model using n-heptane as a surrogate molecule for diesel fuel. (datapdf.com)
  • Crude oil is processed in several stages to form desired hydrocarbons, used as fuel and in other products. (wikipedia.org)
  • The hydrogen goes directly to an adjacent factory to make ammonia, which is used today mainly in fertiliser and is widely seen as a potentially crucial zero carbon fuel. (columbia.edu)
  • In traditional boilers, the exhaust gas temperature is generally 160~250℃, or even higher, so that the water (such as natural gas: CH4+2O2→CO2+2H2O) generated when the fuel is burned is in a superheated state in the flue gas. (szburners.com)
  • Due to lack of oxygen, only part of the fuel is burned, and the fuel releases volatiles in the oxygen poor and low flame temperature primary flame area, Thereby reducing NOx generation. (szburners.com)
Abundant3
  • Even if hydrocarbons are abundant, shouldn't we still leave them in the ground? (atomicinsights.com)
  • In this film, the FT's Simon Mundy explores how hydrogen - the lightest, most abundant element in the universe - could play a crucial role. (columbia.edu)
  • Hydrogen is this magic molecule which is the lightest, the most energetic and the most abundant in the universe. (columbia.edu)
Simplest2
  • Saturated hydrocarbons, which are the simplest of the hydrocarbon types. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the global shift to cleaner forms of energy ever more attention is being drawn to the awesome potential of the smallest, simplest element there is, hydrogen. (columbia.edu)
Mild2
  • The hydrogen peroxide is a mild antiseptic that can be used on the skin to prevent infection or minor injuries. (thebusinessresearchcompany.com)
  • It is worth mentioning that photothermal catalysis, developed in recent years, can achieve efficiently catalytic total oxidation of methane under mild conditions, showing a high potential application prospect. (jim.org.cn)
Hydrophobic1
  • e.g. a-As detergent for commercial kitchen, butcher or heavy oil removal, b-Non fouling industrial cutting or washing fluid, c-Hospital operation room, or food industry equipment disinfectant, d-Medical oxygen/hydrophobic drug delivery, skin disease/infection/organ, upto conventionally untreatable chronic disease. (powershow.com)
Temperature3
  • This melting trend lags the temperature increase by about 20 years, so it predates the 6-fold increase in hydrocarbon use (7) even more than shown in the figure. (bovendien.com)
  • We also discuss new developments and extensions of prior capabilities including: an ultra-sensitive diagnostic for I 2 dissociation, a new monitor for singlet oxygen yield, and a novel diode laser-based imaging system for simultaneous, multipoint spatial distributions of species concentration and temperature. (spie.org)
  • As a high-temperature-resistant structural reinforcement material with excellent performance, alumina continuous fiber has been widely used in various fields. (jim.org.cn)
Disinfectant1
Temperatures2
  • With the progressive addition of carbon units, the simple non-ring structured hydrocarbons have higher viscosities , lubricating indices, boiling points, solidification temperatures, and deeper color. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, because of its higher boiling point, it causes very high operating temperatures and further causes the coking of materials, thus affecting the recycling of dimethyl sulfoxide and further cleaning of the equipments as well as resulting in increased energy consumption. (chemicalbook.com)
Environmentally friendly1
  • Part 4 of 11 series: Entire part 1 to 11 can be viewed at or Environmentally Friendly, Economical, Less Well Known Water Cleantech for The Future: Across industries and science fields, previously not accepted technologies, some of which has been widely used for commercialized applications, are gradually being re-confirmed by mainstream Western academics. (powershow.com)
H2O21
Photocatalysis2
  • A research team has published a review paper summarizing the recent progress in methane conversion using photocatalysis. (despojadoycaridad.com)
  • Photocatalysis provides a way to eliminate methane at ambient conditions with the assistance of solar energy, but the reaction rates are lower than that in thermal catalysis. (jim.org.cn)
Naturally1
  • Methane can also be naturally generated from biosystems and produced artificially from biomass. (despojadoycaridad.com)
Saline1
Ammonia1
  • This review seeks to describe a global green ammonia import/export market: it identifies benefits and limitations of ammonia relative to other hydrogen carriers, the costs of ammonia production and transport, and the constraints on both supply and demand. (rsc.org)
Concentration2
  • The concentration of methane in the Earth's atmosphere in 1998, expressed as a mole fraction , was 1745 nmol/mol (parts per billion, ppb), up from 700 nmol/mol in 1750. (absoluteastronomy.com)
  • 2. Reduce the oxygen concentration (i.e. reduce the excess air coefficient) and block part of the secondary air duct. (szburners.com)
Crude3
  • Four different types of hydrocarbon molecules appear in crude oil. (lumenlearning.com)
  • Crude oil may also be found in semi-solid form mixed with sand and water, as in the Athabasca oil sands in Canada, where it is usually referred to as crude bitumen. (lumenlearning.com)
  • At the opposite extreme from methane lie the heavy tars that remain as the lowest fraction in a crude oil refining retort. (wikipedia.org)
Natural gas3
  • Natural gas, is also called "the prince of hydrocarbons," is an energy game changer which top ranked among growing energy sources. (ukdiss.com)
  • It has come frontline of the international energy debate due to increasing demand in many countries and the worldwide consumption of natural gas is forecasted to double by 2035 [1]. (ukdiss.com)
  • Methane is the predominant component of natural gas. (wikipedia.org)
Metals2
  • 4- Corrosion, Boiler Water Treatment and Tests Corrosion - metals in sea water, graphitisation, de-zincification. (pdfcoffee.com)
  • As part of our analysis, we have reviewed in detail the investments being made by traditional companies across many different sectors, including both upstream and downstream oil and gas (O&G), power generation, networks and infrastructure, customer services and solutions, waste, water, and metals and mining. (adlittle.com)
Single bonds1
Higher3
Energy consumption2
  • The current commercial process involves high energy consumption and carbon dioxide release . (despojadoycaridad.com)
  • In contrast, the average energy consumption elsewhere in the world is about 10 5 kJ per person per day, although actual values vary widely depending on a country's level of industrialization. (edtechbooks.org)
Thermal3
  • Nanofluids have been found to possess enhanced thermophysical properties such as thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, viscosity, and convective heat transfer coefficients compared to those of base fluids like oil or water. (hindawi.com)
  • In this article, research progress in total oxidation of methane under thermal-, photo- and photothermal-catalysis was reviewed. (jim.org.cn)
  • Electrooxidation/coagulation or multiple ways of AOP including Ozone was backed by European groups they are now supporting Plasma Activated Water, Thermal Hydrolysis, Membrane Distillation, various Nano Filtration etc. (powershow.com)
Nuclear1
  • The environmental effects of rapid expansion of the nuclear and hydrocarbon energy industries are discussed. (bovendien.com)
Equivalent2
Dioxide1
  • 1994). The initial reaction results in the formation of a reactive intermediate, which gives off hydrochloric acid to form phosgene, which is then free to react with cellular macromolecules (including GSH, proteins, and nucleic acids) or conjugate with water to form carbon dioxide and hydrochloric acid (Ade et al. (cdc.gov)