Volume blood flow oxygen consumption. Medical search. Frequent questions

The authors quantified the effects of sevoflurane and propofol as sole anesthetics and in combination with N2O on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), metabolic rate of oxygen (rCMRO2), and blood volume (rCBV) in the living human brain using positron emission tomography. (silverchair.com)
measuring either the basal level, or the task-induced response of cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption (CMRO 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
The BOLD signal is dependent on the concentration of deoxygenated hemoglobin in blood, which is modulated by changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption (CMRO 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
The origin of the latter problem is not due to our current inability to estimate accurately cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) from the BOLD signal, but to the fact that haemodynamic responses are sensitive to the size of the activated population, which may change as the sparsity of neural representations varies spatially and temporally. (freethoughtblogs.com)
abstract = 'Rates of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and glucose consumption (CMR(glc)) rise in cerebral cortex during continuous stimulation, while the oxygen-glucose index (OGI) declines as an index of mismatched coupling of oxygen consumption (cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen-CMRO(2)) to CBF and CMR(glc). (ku.dk)
The tumoral blood flow (TBF), tumoral metabolic rate of oxygen (TMRO 2 ), oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), and tumoral blood volume (TBV) were measured under artificial ventilation with 15 O-CO 2 , 15 O-O 2 , and 15 O-CO gases. (elsevierpure.com)

The key to a good outcome in patients with cardiogenic shock is an organized approach, with rapid diagnosis and prompt initiation of pharmacologic therapy to maintain blood pressure and cardiac output and respiratory support, as well as reversal of the underlying cause. (medscape.com)
Mechanisms may involve decreased circulating volume, decreased cardiac output, and vasodilation, sometimes with shunting of blood to bypass capillary exchange beds. (msdmanuals.com)
Localized vasodilation may shunt blood past the capillary exchange beds, causing focal hypoperfusion despite normal cardiac output and blood pressure. (msdmanuals.com)
The key to a good outcome in patients with cardiogenic shock is an organized approach, with rapid diagnosis and prompt initiation of pharmacologic therapy to maintain blood pressure and cardiac output. (medscape.com)
All patients require intravenous access, high-flow oxygen administered by mask, and cardiac monitoring. (medscape.com)
The Fick principle, as applied to cardiac output, relies on the recognition that the total uptake of oxygen by the peripheral tissues is equal to the product of the blood flow to the peripheral tissues and the arterial-venous oxygen concentration difference. (medscape.com)
3) How and when should we monitor stroke volume or cardiac output in shock? (springer.com)
Dopamine is a medication administered intravenously to correct imbalances in the blood circulation dynamics (hemodynamics) due to shock , including low blood pressure ( hypotension ), low cardiac output, and poor perfusion of vital organs. (medicinenet.com)
High dose results in constriction of blood vessels and increase in blood pressure in addition to the cardiac effects. (medicinenet.com)
Abdominal aortic blood flow was measured by an ultrasonic pulsed Doppler flowmeter as an indicator of cardiac output. (elsevierpure.com)
High flow oxygen resulting in hyperoxia also has the potential to cause significant adverse cardiovascular effects with increased systemic vascular resistance and blood pressure, decreased cardiac output and reduced coronary, cerebral and renal blood flow. (bmj.com)
Identical symptom questionnaires and tilt test procedures were used for all groups, including measurement of cerebral blood flow and cardiac index during the orthostatic stress. (phoenixrising.me)
Cerebral blood flow and cardiac index were more significantly reduced in the three patient groups compared with the healthy controls. (phoenixrising.me)
Cerebral blood flow and cardiac index reductions during tilt were more severely impaired than in many patients with ME/CFS. (phoenixrising.me)
Heart failure develops when the heart, via an abnormality of cardiac function (detectable or not), fails to pump blood at a rate commensurate with the requirements of the metabolizing tissues or is able to do so only with an elevated diastolic filling pressure. (medscape.com)

The effects of protective lung ventilation on regional cerebral oxygen saturation in intracranial tumor operation during dura opening：study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. (researchsquare.com)
Objective: To investigate the effects of protective lung ventilation on regional cerebral oxygen saturation during dura opening, that is from Ta (after dura opening) to Tb (before dura closing), in patients undergoing intracranial tumor surgery. (researchsquare.com)
Regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2), partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) and carbon dioxide (PaCO2), oxygenation index (OI), lactic acid level (Lac) in arterial blood, and mean arterial pressure (MAP) will be compared before anesthesia (T0), before dura opening (T1), after dura closing (T2) and 24 h after surgery (T3). (researchsquare.com)
Discussion: This study aims to determine whether protective lung ventilation during dura opening can improve regional cerebral oxygen saturation and the state of pulmonary ventilation in patients undergoing intracranial tumor surgery, and to investigate whether this strategy does not affect the degree of brain tissue swelling and the reoperation rate after operation. (researchsquare.com)
The OxiplexTS, a non-invasive tissue oximeter for the measurement of oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin concentration in tissues, total blood volume and oxygen saturation. (iss.com)
1 We proposed that a different alignment may be preferable for clinicians in demonstrating its beneficial characteristics, enhancing both the "pick up" of oxygen despite cardiorespiratory disease and the "drop off" of oxygen to the tissues despite falling oxygen saturation (fig 1). (bmj.com)
Right: Oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve realigned to demonstrate its two key characteristics: (a) haemoglobin maintains high levels of saturation despite marked reductions in oxygen tension, and (b) oxygen tension remains relatively stable as oxyhaemoglobin saturation declines. (bmj.com)
These characteristics result in (a) the pick up of oxygen by haemoglobin being maintained despite reduced oxygen tension, and (b) delivery of oxygen to the tissues being maintained despite progressively falling oxyhaemoglobin saturation. (bmj.com)

Once perfusion declines and oxygen delivery to cells is inadequate for aerobic metabolism, cells shift to anaerobic metabolism with increased production of carbon dioxide and elevated blood lactate levels. (msdmanuals.com)
Current models postulate that this is due to the delayed onset or decay of perfusion-dependent attenuating responses such as increased cerebral blood volume or oxygen consumption, which are presumed to lag behind the rapid adjustment of blood flow rate to a new steady-state level. (archive.org)
Radial checkerboard stimuli, however, caused pronounced over/undershoot of both BOLD and perfusion signals even when temporal mean luminance was held constant and stimulus contrast was adjusted to produce the same steady-state blood flow increases evoked by the other stimuli. (archive.org)
These findings suggest that, rather than a purely tissue-specific biomechanical or metabolic phenomenon, BOLD overshoot and undershoot represent transient features in the perfusion signal whose effects may be amplified by slowly evolving blood volume changes. (archive.org)
The primary objective of this study was to determine whether cardiovascular compensatory response phenotypes exist in the face of a reduced perfusion pressure challenge to exercising muscle oxygen delivery (O 2 D), and whether these responses might be exercise intensity (EI) dependent. (mcmaster.ca)
Dynamic perfusion digital radiography is an excellent and easy imaging method for detecting blood flow in the lung compared with the less-convenient conventional lung perfusion scintigraphy. (biomedcentral.com)
Correlation coefficients between blood flow ratios calculated using dynamic perfusion digital radiography and pulmonary perfusion scintigraphy were then confirmed in the same cases. (biomedcentral.com)
In all patients who underwent dynamic perfusion digital radiography, the correlation predicted values calculated from the blood flow ratio, and measured values were examined. (biomedcentral.com)
Blood flow ratios measured using pulmonary perfusion scintigraphy and dynamic perfusion digital radiography showed excellent correlation and acceptable predictive accuracy. (biomedcentral.com)
Renal cortical and skeletal muscle tissue oxygen tensions were monitored as indicators of tissue perfusion. (elsevierpure.com)
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the intratumoral perfusion and oxygen metabolism in hypoxic regions using the rat xenograft model. (elsevierpure.com)
High flow oxygen was shown to result in worsening ventilation-perfusion mismatch due to absorption atelectasis and inhibition of reflex pulmonary vasoconstriction. (bmj.com)
[ 14 ] Recent evidence confirms that GLP-1 exerts a potent vasodilatory effect on the conduit and resistance arteries as well as terminal arterioles to significantly increase total muscle blood flow and muscle microvascular perfusion in rats and in healthy humans. (medscape.com)

These reductions in flow and metabolism were partly attenuated by adjunct N2O. (silverchair.com)
At that altitude, nearly all of the available oxygen is required to support basal metabolism, and the climbing rate near the summit drops to 2 m/min. (medscape.com)
the combined measurements give the oxygen consumption of the tissue or metabolism. (iss.com)
Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism , 32 (10), 1859-68. (ku.dk)
Although it is detected by 18 F-fluoromisonidazole (FMISO) PET, the relationship between intratumoral hypoxia and oxygen metabolism has not been studied. (elsevierpure.com)
The changes in CBF are thought to be secondary to the changes in CMRo 2 (a coupled decrease in flow and metabolism). (neuro-anesthesia.org)
Effect on spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) and metabolism. (neuro-anesthesia.org)

S+N especially reduced the oxygen extraction fraction, suggesting disturbed flow-activity coupling in humans at a moderate depth of anesthesia. (silverchair.com)
Humans have shown an ability to adapt for short periods to a barometric pressure one third that of sea level on Mount Everest without supplemental oxygen. (medscape.com)
Assessments of flow by transcranial Doppler ultrasound in the middle cerebral artery during exercise in humans. (ox.ac.uk)

This discovery formed the basis of a powerful technique used nowadays to study brain activity: blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). (frontiersin.org)
Fast, low-angle shoot functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), based on the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) effect, was combined with optical recording of intrinsic signals (ORIS) and 2-deoxyglucose labeling in gerbil barrel cortex. (jneurosci.org)
Blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) fMRI signals often exhibit pronounced over-or undershoot upon changes in stimulation state. (archive.org)

Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation (IABCP) improves coronary flow and reduces myocardial distension, thus potentially influencing ventricular irritability by direct and indirect effects. (bmj.com)
10- 14 These cardiovascular effects can potentially contribute to the worse outcomes observed with high flow oxygen therapy in myocardial infarction, 15 stroke, 16 neonatal resuscitation 17 and fulminant sepsis, 18 although the enhanced production of reactive oxygen species causing reperfusion injury may also play a role. (bmj.com)

where PB is the ambient barometric pressure, PH 2 O is the pressure water vapor exerts at body temperature, FiO 2 is the fraction of inspired oxygen, PACO 2 is the alveolar partial pressure of carbon dioxide, and R is the respiratory exchange ratio. (medscape.com)
These data suggest that, within a single phylogenetic group, integrative structural adaptations potentially enable a similar degree of tissue oxygenation over a 20°C range of environmental temperature in the red-blooded notothenioids, and that this is compromised by the lack of respiratory pigments in the icefishes. (biologists.com)
Respiratory gas exchange and their transport in blood. (uninsubria.eu)
Spirometry, diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLco), and maximal oxygen consumption are important for determining a patient's preoperative respiratory function. (biomedcentral.com)
These ventilators deliver very high respiratory rates (180 to 900 breaths/minute) that are accompanied by very low tidal volumes and high airway pressures. (nurseslabs.com)
Even in patients with exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in respiratory failure, the risks of high flow oxygen therapy are often not recognised. (bmj.com)

As an experimentalist interested in biomedical applications, I have tested the technique for several medical applications, including detection of breast cancer, assessment of peripheral vascular disease, non-invasive blood glucose monitoring, brain oxygenation monitoring, brain functional activity, and neurovascular coupling investigation. (harvard.edu)

Hypoxic vascular endothelial cells activate white blood cells, which bind to the endothelium and release directly damaging substances (eg, reactive oxygen species, proteolytic enzymes) and inflammatory mediators (eg, cytokines, leukotrienes, tumor necrosis factor). (msdmanuals.com)

Procedures -Horses performed 1 preliminary exercise test (EXT) and 2 experimental EXT. Arterial and mixed venous blood samples and hemodynamic measurements were taken during the last 30 seconds of each step of the GXT to measure PO 2 , hemoglobin concentration ([Hb]), SO 2 , and determinants of acidbase state (protein, electrolytes, and PCO 2 ). (avma.org)
For venous occlusion (50 mmHg, 1 min), slopes were calculated for NIRS-derived total hemoglobin (HbTslope) and deoxyhemoglobin (HHbslope) as estimates of blood flow and oxygen consumption, respectively. (cdc.gov)
Since early 2000, I have devoted part of my time to the development of a sophisticated near-infrared spectroscopy device (FDNIRS-DCS) that can determine brain health in infants at the bedside by quantifying regional hemoglobin oxygenation, cerebral blood volume, cerebral blood flow, and oxygen consumption in the neonates brain. (harvard.edu)
Encapsulation of hemoglobin within a liposome is one of the strategies in the development of artificial oxygen carriers. (elsevierpure.com)
It maintains the oxygen transporting properties of hemoglobin and, at the same time, eliminates the side effects of cell free hemoglobin. (elsevierpure.com)
They have a particle size of approximately 250 nm, a hemoglobin concentration of 10 g/dl, and the oxygen affinity, P50, is regulated to 32 Torr. (elsevierpure.com)
Five percent albumin and washed rat red blood cells suspended in 5% albumin containing 10 g/dl of hemoglobin, were employed as controls. (elsevierpure.com)
4. Because carbon monoxide binds quite readily to hemoglobin, the fewer red blood cells in the blood, the less carbon monoxide will be taken up. (wlps.us)
DLCO is decreased in any condition which affects the effective alveolar surface area: This may occur with asthma, polycythemia vera (a disease with an elevated hemoglobin level), and congenital diseases that cause blood to be shunted from the left side of the heart to the right side of the heart. (wlps.us)

Early and definitive restoration of coronary blood flow (ie, early revascularization) is the most important intervention for achieving an improved survival rate. (medscape.com)
Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) - reduced blood supply to the heart usually caused by coronary artery disease - is the leading cause of death and morbidity in America and Europe and is expected to be so by the year 2020 in emerging countries as well (1-3). (escardio.org)

In the C group, tidal volume (VT) will be set at 8 ml/kg of predicted body weight, but positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and recruitment maneuvers will not be used. (researchsquare.com)

Decreased pH appeared responsible for the rightward shift of the ODC, which may be necessary to allow maximal O 2 extraction at high blood flows achieved during exercise. (avma.org)
Each subject undertook three sessions of graded exercise, consisting of 6 min of rest, 6 min at 20% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max), 6 min at 40% VO2 max, and 6 min of recovery. (ox.ac.uk)

Effect on cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral oxygen consumption (Table-1). (neuro-anesthesia.org)

At the completion of a 90% exchange transfusion, renal cortical and skeletal muscle tissue oxygen tensions, along with oxygen delivery and consumption, were sustained almost equally well with the HbV suspension compared to the washed rat red blood cell suspension, but declined significantly with the albumin suspension. (elsevierpure.com)

Clinicians must carefully adjust intravascular volume and arterial blood pressure to effectively perfuse the graft, and the time course of volume expansion seems important for adequate hydration. (intechopen.com)

Thiopental decreases CBF and cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen consumption (CMRo 2 ) in a parallel fashion up to the point of isoelectricity on the electroencephalogram (EEG). (neuro-anesthesia.org)

Retrospective evaluation of these measurements from the SHOCK trial demonstrated that stroke volume index (SVI) and stroke work index (SWI) vary inversely with mortality. (medscape.com)
Errors with the Fick CO result from a leaky gas collection apparatus, inaccuracies in the measurement of inhaled and exhaled oxygen concentrations (these are particularly common when high levels of oxygen are used), and from errors in the calculations and/or measurements of blood oxygen contents. (medscape.com)

The consumption of oxygen is associated with increased cerebral blood flow ( CBF ) and changes in cerebral vessel volume, leading to an over‐supply of the oxygenated vs. deoxygenated haemoglobin. (pocketdentistry.com)

Spirometry, static lung volumes. (uninsubria.eu)
Diffusing capacity may also below if there is less surface area available for the transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide, for example, with emphysema or if a lung or part of a lung is removed for lung cancer. (wlps.us)
This is the layer between the small air sacs in the lung (the alveoli) and the smallest blood vessels that travel through the lungs (capillaries). (wlps.us)
7, 8 These effects may contribute to the reduction in lung volumes and decreased transfer factor observed with high flow oxygen. (bmj.com)

Blood flow is indeed directly related to the cerebral metabolic rate of glucose consumption (CMR glc ) ( Sokoloff, 1978 ). (frontiersin.org)

Studies of the effects of chronic hypoxemia can be performed in the laboratory by decreasing either the concentration of inspired oxygen or the barometric pressure in a hypobaric chamber. (medscape.com)
Why is CO is more suitable to measure diffusing capacity than other gases?It has a great affinity for Hb (210 times that of O2), It is soluble in blood, its concentration in venous blood is insignificant. (wlps.us)

In septic shock, vasodilation of capacitance vessels leads to pooling of blood and hypotension because of "relative" hypovolemia (ie, too much volume to be filled by the existing amount of blood). (msdmanuals.com)

It's imaging the broader physiological activity - respiration, oxygen flux, vascular changes - in small chunks of the brain. (freethoughtblogs.com)
19 This effect is likely to be due to maldistribution of blood flow, with functional shunting to protect the vital organs from non-physiological effects of high oxygen tension. (bmj.com)

On the other hand, no statistically significant effects were observed for oxygen uptake (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), or pulmonary ventilation (VE). (nutraingredients-usa.com)
A mechanical ventilator is a positive- or negative-pressure breathing device that can maintain ventilation and oxygen delivery for a prolonged period. (nurseslabs.com)

12. A normal Dlco does not rule out oxygen desaturation with exercise. (wlps.us)
In a recent commentary we argued that the traditional representation of the haemoglobin oxygen dissociation curve developed by physiologists may be disconcerting for clinicians because of the prominence of the steep slope of oxygen desaturation with falling oxygen tension. (bmj.com)

Higher PCO 2 did not provide an independent contribution to shift in the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve (OCD) in venous blood. (avma.org)

GLP-1 and insulin increased brachial artery diameter and blood flow, but this effect was not additive. (medscape.com)

It was hoped that, through a different perspective of the haemoglobin oxygen dissociation curve, it might be possible to overcome the ingrained practice of doctors, nurses and paramedics to prescribe high flow oxygen to breathless patients who do not necessarily have arterial hypoxaemia. (bmj.com)
2- 4 However, such a change of long established practice would also require a recognition of the risks of inappropriate high flow oxygen therapy. (bmj.com)
The potential adverse pulmonary effects of high flow oxygen therapy were recognised soon after its widespread use in clinical practice. (bmj.com)
Paradoxically, high flow oxygen in excess of that required to relieve arterial hypoxaemia may cause a reversible decrease in oxygen consumption. (bmj.com)
These adverse effects are not widely known and high flow oxygen is widely prescribed to breathless patients, regardless of the presence of arterial hypoxaemia. (bmj.com)
Perhaps the least recognised risk with high flow oxygen is that its use may lead to a delay in the ability to recognise and treat a progressive deterioration in pulmonary function. (bmj.com)

Placement of a central line may facilitate volume resuscitation, provide vascular access for multiple infusions, and allow invasive monitoring of central venous pressure. (medscape.com)
Hepatic vascular resistance and liver tissue blood flow, as measured by thermistor flow probes, were determined following reperfusion. (duke.edu)

This study examined the consistency between three indexes of cerebral blood flow (CBF) obtained by using transcranial Doppler ultrasound in eight human volunteers. (ox.ac.uk)

During exercise, a decrease in oxygen pulse was observed post-WTS (from 10.89 ml/beat to 9.97), while the heart rate-oxygen consumption relationship increased post-WTS (from 3.52 beats/ml/kg to 3.91). (who.int)

Key strategies that are used to achieve this goal involve the optimal management of the intravascular volume and achievement of early urine output. (intechopen.com)
Urine volume, pH and composition. (uninsubria.eu)
Low dose of dopamine increases blood flow to the kidneys and urine output. (medicinenet.com)
In addition to the blood pressure criteria, proteinuria of greater than or equal to 0.3 grams in a 24-hour urine specimen, a protein (mg/dL)/creatinine (mg/dL) ratio of 0.3 or higher, or a urine dipstick protein of 1+ (if a quantitative measurement is unavailable) is required to diagnose preeclampsia. (medscape.com)
Hepatorenal syndrome is diagnosed when a creatinine clearance rate of less than 40 mL/min is present or when a serum creatinine level of greater than 1.5 mg/dL, a urine volume of less than 500 mL/day, and a urine sodium level of less than 10 mEq/L are present. (medscape.com)

Mechanical features of blood vessels. (uninsubria.eu)

The mean muscle fibre diameter (MFD) among Antarctic notothenioids was in the range 17-61 μm and mitochondrial volume density, V v(mit,f), was 0.27-0.53, but capillary-to-fibre ratio varied only between 1.2 and 1.5. (biologists.com)
Red-blooded notothenioids found in the sub-Antarctic had a similar muscle fine structure to those caught south of the Antarctic Convergence, with an MFD of 20-41 μm and V v(mit,f) of 0.27-0.33, resulting in an estimated mean P O 2 of 4-5 kPa at Ṁ O 2 max . (biologists.com)
This suggestion is in accordance with recent evidence in rats, where beetroot juice supplementation induces a marked increase in muscle blood flow during exercise with the blood flow preferentially distributed to muscle groups that principally contain type 2 fibers, which are recruited especially during moderate-high intensity exercise. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
Moreover, it was found that beetroot juice supplementation results in a preferential distribution of blood flow to type 2 fibers and improves oxidative functions in hypoxic muscle. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
An increase in total muscle blood flow leads to more insulin and nutrients delivered to the muscle, and an expansion of the muscle microvasculature represents an enlargement of the endothelial surface area available for the transport of insulin and nutrients into the muscle interstitium from plasma. (medscape.com)
Thus, total tissue blood flow and muscle microvascular volume are two major factors limiting the delivery of insulin and nutrients to muscle and, consequently, insulin action and nutrient availability in muscle. (medscape.com)

Stormon mo, durie pr pathophysiologic basis for decisions about whether oxygen consumption increases, tachycardia, dysrhythmias isoproterenol. (elastizell.com)
Materials and Methods: We compared 10 consecutive long-haul COVID-19 cases with 20 age- and gender-matched ME/CFS controls with postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) during head-up tilt, 20 age- and gender-matched ME/CFS controls with a normal heart rate and blood pressure response to head-up tilt, and 10 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. (phoenixrising.me)
It suggests that people who develop tachycardia during orthostatic intolerance (POTS) may have worse loss of blood flow to the brain than those who do not get tachycardia with their orthostatic intolerance. (phoenixrising.me)

To investigate the overlap in these clinical phenotypes, we compared orthostatic symptoms in daily life and during head-up tilt, heart rate and blood pressure responses to tilt, and reductions in cerebral blood flow in response to orthostatic stress in long-haul COVID-19 patients, ME/CFS controls, and healthy controls. (phoenixrising.me)

therefore, barometric pressure determines the partial pressure of oxygen (PO 2 ) in ambient air. (medscape.com)

The vegetable juice's nitrate content may reduce oxygen uptake to an extent that cannot be achieved by any other known means, making exercise less tiring, according to findings published in the Journal of Applied Physiology (doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00722.2009). (nutraingredients-usa.com)

An arterial line may be placed to provide continuous blood pressure monitoring. (medscape.com)
Cerebral function is associated with exceptionally high metabolic activity, and requires continuous supply of oxygen and nutrients from the blood stream. (frontiersin.org)
Cerebral function requires the cooperative interaction between different cell types, namely neurons, astrocytes, microglia and oligodendrocytes, and depends on high metabolic activity supported by continuous supply of oxygen and glucose from the blood ( Siesjö, 1978 ). (frontiersin.org)
Subjects were randomly assigned to the lidocaine group (Group L, n=70), who received IV 1.5 mg kg − 1 lidocaine followed by a continuous infusion of 4 mg kg − 1 h − 1 lidocaine, or the normal saline group (Group N, n=70), who received an equal volume of saline in the same way. (dovepress.com)
European Standard EN:149 indicates inhalation resistance limits of 7.1 and 24.4 mm H 2 O pressure, respectively, at 30 and 95 liters-per-minute of continuous airflow and exhalation resistance limits of 30.5 mm H 2 O pressure at 160 liters-per-minute of airflow). (cdc.gov)

Weekly consumption of short-acting nitrates was significantly lower in patients who received ranolazine plus amlodipine versus amlodipine alone. (escardio.org)
In addition, the aerobic energy cost was significantly reduced after beetroot juice consumption. (nutraingredients-usa.com)

As a result of the reduction in both CBF and cerebral blood volume (CBV), barbiturates lower ICP. (neuro-anesthesia.org)
The cerebral blood flow reduction was larger in the long-haul COVID-19 patients compared with the ME/CFS patients with a normal heart rate and blood pressure response. (phoenixrising.me)
The cerebral blood flow reduction was larger in the long-haul COVID-19 patients [with POTS] compared with those ME/CFS patients [who did not have POTS]. (phoenixrising.me)

We were amazed by the effects of beetroot juice on oxygen uptake because these effects cannot be achieved by any other known means, including training. (nutraingredients-usa.com)

Using structural data derived from stereological analysis of electron micrographs, mean fibre P O 2 was calculated on the basis of temperature-corrected rates of mitochondrial respiration and oxygen diffusion. (biologists.com)
Regardless, the impaired oxygen delivery at the tissue level results in depressed cellular respiration and potential organ dysfunction. (bmj.com)

0.05 for all cortex and cerebellum vs. awake) in the oxygen extraction fraction was seen. (silverchair.com)

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