OrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and Processes
HalothaneAnesthetics, InhalationAnesthesia, InhalationIsofluraneEnfluraneMethyl EthersAnestheticsNitrous OxideMalignant HyperthermiaTrifluoroacetic AcidThiopentalEthersDogsAnesthesiaDepression, ChemicalEtherMethoxyfluraneEthyl EthersAnesthesia, GeneralChlorofluorocarbonsHydrocarbons, HalogenatedAnesthetics, GeneralPentobarbitalDose-Response Relationship, DrugDrug-Induced Liver InjurySuccinylcholineRespirationHypotension, ControlledFluoroacetatesThiamylalAnesthesia, Intratracheal
EnfluraneSevofluraneDesfluraneAnestheticsChloroformGasesNitrousEtherConcentrationsLiquidsSuccinylcholineAnesthesiaAnaestheticsMalignant hyperthermiaInhalation anestheticPotentInhibitInhibitsEnhancesPretreatmentXenonRespiratoryExposureKetamineFlammableFulminantAnaestheticEffectsHepatitisDose-dependentMetabolismConcentrationIncidenceAlveolarIncludeChemicalsClinicalAgentsPeakTypeResponseSignificantTypes
Enflurane10
Sevoflurane10
  • Desflurane, isoflurane and sevoflurane are the most widely used volatile anaesthetics today. (wikipedia.org)
  • Inhalational agents with irritant physicochemical characteristics like desflurane and high concentrations of isoflurane are more likely to cause laryngospasm than non-irritant agents like sevoflurane and halothane. (ahrq.gov)
  • Standard general anaesthesia involves volatile anaesthetics (VAs), such as isoflurane (I), sevoflurane (S), and halothane (H) as an alternative to intravenous application. (sciendo.com)
  • The inhalation anaesthetics, namely sevoflurane (Sevorane ® ), isoflurane (Forane ® ), and halothane (Halothane ® ) were procured from Abbott Laboratories (Queenborough, UK). (sciendo.com)
  • Shorter-acting volatile agents (eg, sevoflurane and desflurane) are associated with a higher incidence of ED than longer-acting agents (eg, halothane and isoflurane) are. (medscape.com)
  • Sevoflurane or Halothane. (anesthesiageneral.com)
  • Results All the investigated VAs (chloroform, halothane, isoflurane, sevoflurane) inhibited both the agonist-induced (pregnenolone sulfate, CIM0216) and heat-activated Ca2+ signals and transmembrane currents in a concentration dependent way in HEK293T cells overexpressing recombinant TRPM3. (unideb.hu)
  • Nitrous oxide is on the way out, and halothane may be close to the end of its useful life, with isoflurane, sevoflurane and perhaps most promisingly desflurane set to take over. (vetpath.co.uk)
  • With the introduction of the new, short-acting, volatile anesthetics sevoflurane and desflurane into clinical practice , as compare to long acting halothane during surgical procedures the problem of emergency Delirium reemerged in children. (wikidoc.org)
  • the inhalational anesthetic is most often halothane, but other anesthetics (eg, isoflurane, sevoflurane, desflurane) may also be involved. (msdmanuals.com)
Desflurane4
  • We have examined the short-term effects of three volatile anaesthetics, halothane, isoflurane and desflurane, on mucociliary activity in the rabbit maxillary sinus in vivo. (lu.se)
  • Administration of 1.0 MAC of halothane, isoflurane or desflurane caused a temporary increase in mucociliary activity, with mean peak responses of 47.8 (SEM 13.0)%, 44.0 (9.6)% and 45.1 (23.7)% (n = 6), respectively. (lu.se)
  • The second peak at 3-5 min was less pronounced for halothane than for isoflurane or desflurane. (lu.se)
  • Desflurane is a volatile, non-flammable and non-explosive agent extensively used in maintenance of general anesthesia. (gminsights.com)
Anesthetics15
  • Volatile anesthetics attenuate agonist-induced endothelium-dependent vasodilation of coronary arteries. (silverchair.com)
  • Volatile anesthetics attenuate agonist-mediated endothelium-dependent vasodilation (EDD) of both conductance [3,4] and resistance arteries [5,6] in vitro and of pulmonary vessels in vivo. (silverchair.com)
  • In this study, we examined the effect of volatile anesthetics on another type of EDD, namely FID. (silverchair.com)
  • The reported effects of volatile anesthetics on QT interval are inconsistent or even conflicting. (asahq.org)
  • Only few studies have focused on QT heterogeneity or ion channel physiology, and it seems that all volatile anesthetics-including isoflurane-interact directly with cardiac delayed rectifier potassium channels. (asahq.org)
  • There is increasing evidence that direct interactions between volatile anesthetics and channel proteins may result in general anesthesia. (silverchair.com)
  • Using voltage-clamp techniques, the authors examined the effect of two general anesthetics (ketamine and halothane) on a rat brain potassium channel of known amino acid sequence, and further assessed whether the inhibition of the channel is altered by a partial deletion of the C-terminal sequence of this channel. (silverchair.com)
  • Recent evidence is in favor of direct interactions between volatile anesthetics and channel proteins as the underlying mechanism of general anesthesia. (silverchair.com)
  • The effects of varying concentrations and types of volatile anesthetics on neurochemical sequelae of brain ischemia were evaluated in the rat. (psu.edu)
  • Zapp, M, Kofke, WA & Davis, DW 1992, ' Comparison of the effects of volatile anesthetics in varying concentrations on brain energy metabolism with brain ischemia in rats ', Neurochemical Research , vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 301-305. (psu.edu)
  • 0 - 40.0)The huge majority from the circumstances were triggered from the 0 - 40.0)The huge majority with the PDGFRα Formulation situations had been triggered by the mixture of NTR2 manufacturer volatile anesthetics and succinylcholine (SCh). (esiservizi.com)
  • Orphanet Journal of Uncommon Diseases 2014, 9:8 ojrd.com/content/9/1/Page six ofFigure 2 Clinical effects of volatile anesthetics. (esiservizi.com)
  • During the bulk (MHS = 81 , MHE = 80 ) each volatile anesthetics and SCh have been administered. (esiservizi.com)
  • In the other situations (MHS = 18 , MHE = 17 ) sufferers had obtained volatile anesthetics alone (Table 1). (esiservizi.com)
  • A Mann hitney U-test was carried out which showed no significant distinction while in the raw score of CGS in between individuals who obtained volatile anesthetics alone and these who acquired volatile anesthetics plus SCh. (esiservizi.com)
Chloroform1
  • Specifically, nearest-neighbor recogntion measurements, in combination with Monte Carlo simulations, have been used to investigate the action of isoflurane, halothane, and chloroform on the compactness and lateral organization of cholesterol-rich bilayers of 1,2-dipalmitoylsn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) in the. (metu.edu.tr)
Gases3
  • Inhalational anaesthetic substances are either volatile liquids or gases, and are usually delivered using an anaesthesia machine. (wikipedia.org)
  • Waste anesthetic gases are small amounts of volatile anesthetic gases that leak from the patient's anesthetic breathing circuit* into the air of operating rooms during delivery of anesthesia. (cdc.gov)
  • For patient monitoring, concentrations of carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and volatile anesthetic gases in the respiratory gas mixture are measured and displayed. (zurichcorp.com)
Nitrous1
  • The immunological status of individuals occupationally exposed to low levels of halothane and nitrous oxide has been examined and compared with that of non-exposed controls. (ogu.edu.tr)
Ether1
Concentrations6
  • Epithelial type II cells from adult rat lungs were exposed to halothane concentrations of 1, 2, and 4% from 0.5-4 h. (asahq.org)
  • The decrease in sodium, potassium-adenosine triphosphatase activity was maximal for 30 min of exposure and reached 50, 42, and 56% for halothane concentrations of 1, 2, and 4%, respectively, and did not change for longer exposure times. (asahq.org)
  • To examine possible mechanisms of action of halothane at clinically relevant concentrations the authors studied the effect of halothane on increases in pulmonary resistance (R(L)) produced by either vagus nerve stimulation (VNS, which caused neurally mediated constriction) or the inhalation of nebulized acetylcholine (ACh, which directly stimulated the smooth muscle cell) in nine mongrel dogs. (elsevierpure.com)
  • At halothane concentrations greater than or equal to 0.4 MAC, the VNS response was significantly less than the ACh response. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The authors conclude that in addition to neurally mediated effects, halothane at clinically used concentrations has significant direct effects on airway smooth muscle stimulated by ACh. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Based on the frequency of occurrence of molecular fragments (CH3, CH2, CH, C, C¼C, H, benzene ring and H in benzene ring structure) and exposure conditions, the available QSAR-PBPK models facilitate the simulation of tissue and blood concentrations for some inhaled volatile organic chemicals. (cdc.gov)
Liquids2
  • Volatile solvents - Liquids that vaporize at room temperature, including paint thinners and removers, nail polish remover, cleaning fluids, gasoline, glues, correction fluids and felt-tip marker fluids. (sutterhealth.org)
  • Volatile solvents are liquids that become a gas at room temperature. (pvhi.org)
Succinylcholine1
Anesthesia3
  • [7] Further, the hemodynamic effect of nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitors is less during halothane anesthesia than during the awake state, suggesting that the unstimulated EDD is less with halothane. (silverchair.com)
  • We conclude that increasing concentration of volatile anesthesia with iv phenylephrine blood pressure support produces higher levels of plasma glucose and brain lactate with cerebral ischemia. (psu.edu)
  • Additionally, faster recovery as compared to halothane and minimal risk of fulminant hepatitis will boost inhalation anesthesia business growth during the forecast period. (gminsights.com)
Anaesthetics4
  • All volatile anaesthetics (except xenon) reduce the tidal volume, minute volume and increase the respiratory rate. (anesthesiageneral.com)
  • Volatile anaesthetics are potent bronchodilators by a direct depressant effect on the bronchial smooth muscle. (anesthesiageneral.com)
  • Normally pulmonary surfactant reduces the work of breathing by reducing the alveo lar surface tension Volatile anaesthetics produce progressive yet reversible reductions in phosphatidyicholine the main lipid component of surfactant and also affect type II alveolar cell function. (anesthesiageneral.com)
  • Background Volatile anaesthetics (VAs) are the most widely used compounds to induce reversible loss of consciousness and maintain general anaesthesia during surgical interventions. (unideb.hu)
Malignant hyperthermia3
  • B: CGS depending on the in vitro contracture test success: malignant hyperthermia vulnerable (MHS), malignant hyperthermia equivocal halothane positive (MHEh) and caffeine constructive (MHEc). (esiservizi.com)
  • Malignant hyperthermia is a life-threatening elevation in body temperature usually resulting from a hypermetabolic response to concurrent use of a depolarizing muscle relaxant and a potent, volatile inhalational general anesthetic. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Malignant Hyperthermia (MH) is an acute pharmacogenetic (autosomal dominant) disorder, which develops during or immediately after the application of general anaesthesia involving volatile agents and/or depolarising muscle relaxants. (malignanthyperthermia.org.au)
Inhalation anesthetic1
  • 3. Which of the following is a volatile inhalation anesthetic? (mcqsadda.online)
Potent1
  • Among the tested VAs, halothane was the most potent blocker (IC50=0.52?0.05 mM). (unideb.hu)
Inhibit2
  • [1,2] Recently, however, halothane was shown to inhibit Na/calcium (Ca) exchanger and Ca channels in heart cells [3] and to decrease ion transport in canine tracheal epithelium, an effect that may contribute to decreased mucous clearance in the perioperative period. (asahq.org)
  • Although both ketamine and halothane inhibit potassium currents through the Kv2.1 channel, their mechanisms of action at this potential target may be different. (silverchair.com)
Inhibits1
  • It has been suggested that halothane inhibits contraction of airway smooth muscle in vivo mainly by reducing reflex activity in nerves innervating the muscle with only minimal direct effects on the muscle itself. (elsevierpure.com)
Enhances1
  • Isoflurane attenuates flow-induced dilation, possibly by decreasing synthesis, the action of NO and a prostanoid, or both, whereas halothane enhances it, possibly by increasing synthesis, the action of NO, or both. (silverchair.com)
Pretreatment1
  • A combination of atropine and CP-99 pretreatment abolished the mucociliary response to halothane. (lu.se)
Xenon1
  • Fellows were introduced to xenon, the volatile of the future. (vetpath.co.uk)
Respiratory1
  • Although its physical properties imply that anaesthesia can be induced more rapidly than with halothane , [8] its pungency can irritate the respiratory system, negating any possible advantage conferred by its physical properties. (mdwiki.org)
Exposure6
  • Type I (mild) halothane hepatotoxicity occurs within hours of halothane exposure. (medscape.com)
  • Type II (fulminant) halothane hepatotoxicity usually occurs 5-7 days following exposure, although it can be delayed by up to 4 weeks. (medscape.com)
  • Exposure of epithelial type II cells to halothane reduced the activity of sodium, potassium-adenosine triphosphatase, and amiloride-sensitive Na channels, whereas Na cotransporters were unchanged. (asahq.org)
  • [1-3] Because of the hypnotic effects of these agents, attention has focused mainly on the central nervous system, and several studies have reported that halothane exposure depressed voltage-gated sodium (Na) channels and potassium (K) channels. (asahq.org)
  • Structural alterations in calcium regulating proteins upset the delicate balance between calcium release from and reuptake into the SR. In normal circumstances (without exposure to volatile anaesthetic agents) in the vast majority of mutations, this balance is maintained. (malignanthyperthermia.org.au)
  • On exposure to volatile agents however, the system is overwhelmed and calcium continues to be released into the cytoplasm beyond the influence of the regulatory proteins. (malignanthyperthermia.org.au)
Ketamine4
  • Ketamine and halothane reduced Kv2.1 and delta C318 peak current amplitude in a dose-dependent and reversible fashion. (silverchair.com)
  • The inhibition of current was voltage dependent for halothane but not for ketamine. (silverchair.com)
  • Halothane accelerated the time constant of current inactivation, whereas ketamine affected this parameter minimally in both channel types. (silverchair.com)
  • Use dependence of ketamine and halothane action was observed in both Kv2.1 and the mutant channel, attributable to augmentation of C-type inactivation. (silverchair.com)
Flammable1
  • a colorless volatile highly flammable liquid obtained from petroleum and used as an anesthetic or a solvent or in determining octane ratings. (wordinn.com)
Fulminant2
  • However, the findings in halothane hepatitis are indistinguishable from those of fulminant viral hepatitis . (medscape.com)
  • No specific therapy is available for either fulminant hepatic necrosis or mild hepatotoxicity due to halothane. (medscape.com)
Anaesthetic2
  • It is likely that the size of the NK1-mediated response reflects the airway-irritating properties of the volatile anaesthetic used. (lu.se)
  • Volatile anaesthetic agents and depolarising muscle relaxants interact with the calcium channel resulting in the clinical crisis. (malignanthyperthermia.org.au)
Effects3
  • The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of halothane on Na transport activities. (asahq.org)
  • In addition, the effects of halothane were assessed in the absence of extracellular calcium (Ca) with or without 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid, an intracellular Ca chelating agent. (asahq.org)
  • In order to examine this possibility, we determined the effects of a bolus dose of MK-801 on halothane and isoflurane MAC, the electroencephalogram (EEG) and cardiovascular variables in rabbits. (elsevierpure.com)
Hepatitis2
Dose-dependent1
  • The frequency of bilateral VNS and the dose of nebulized ACh were adjusted to produce approximately equal increases in R(L). Halothane reduced the response to both types of stimulation in a dose-dependent fashion. (elsevierpure.com)
Metabolism1
  • Halothane alters surfactant biosynthesis and metabolism of alveolar type II cells. (asahq.org)
Concentration2
  • the following measurement variables/parameters can be displayed as a graph: concentration of CO2, O2, and volatile anesthetic agents, virtual flow tubes for fresh gas flow. (somatechnology.com)
  • Preischemia plasma glucose increased with increasing anesthetic concentration and was highest in the isoflurane groups, varying from a low (±SD) of 7.19±1.79 μmol/ml in the 0.5 MAC halothane group to a high of 12.68±3.65 μmol/ml in the 2.0 MAC isoflurane group. (psu.edu)
Incidence1
  • The National Halothane Study, a retrospective analysis, reviewed the incidence and mortality rates of postoperative hepatic necrosis from 1959-1962. (medscape.com)
Alveolar1
  • Sodium, potassium-adenosine triphosphatase, and amiloride-sensitive Na channel activities are impaired by halothane in alveolar type II cells in vitro. (asahq.org)
Include1
  • Physical findings in type II halothane hepatotoxicity include delayed pyrexia (up to 75% of patients). (medscape.com)
Chemicals1
  • Even though this approach is conceptually applicable to non-volatile and high molecular weight organics as well, it is more challenging to predict the other PBPK model parameters required for modelling the kinetics of these chemicals (particularly tissue diffusion coefficients, association constants for binding and oral absorption rates). (cdc.gov)
Clinical1
  • C: Sufferers in this research with clinical crises that resulted in high MH Ranks (five and six) designed higher halothane and caffeine contractures than sufferers with reduce MH Ranks (3 and 4). (esiservizi.com)
Agents1
  • HALOTHANE and the volatile anesthetic agents can modulate ion channel function or ion transport in different tissues. (asahq.org)
Peak1
  • Halothane displayed an initial peak within 2 min which was blocked by atropine but not by the neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor antagonist CP-99. (lu.se)
Type3
  • Eosinophilia occurs in 8-32% of patients with type II halothane hepatotoxicity. (medscape.com)
  • Serum autoantibodies may be present in 30-44% of patients with type II halothane hepatotoxicity. (medscape.com)
  • [8] Although isoflurane and halothane both attenuate EDD, the sites of anesthetic action in the NO-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO-cGMP) pathway may be different, depending on the anesthetic, the vessel type, and perhaps experimental conditions. (silverchair.com)
Response1
Significant1
Types2
  • Two major types of hepatotoxicity are associated with halothane administration. (medscape.com)
  • [4] Taken together, these studies suggest that halothane interferes with ion transport in many different cell types. (asahq.org)