• Expanded natural killer cells killed both allogeneic and autologous primary myeloma cells avidly via a perforin-mediated mechanism in which the activating receptor NKG2D, natural cytotoxicity receptors, and DNAX-accessory molecule-1 played a central role. (haematologica.org)
  • IRF-1-deficient mice displayed a normal frequency of NK marker-positive cells, but exhibited greatly reduced NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity after both virus infection and stimulation with the IFN inducer polyinosinic:polycytidilic acid in vivo. (silverchair.com)
  • Thus, IRF-1 is essential for the induction of NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity and for the in vivo effector functions that are mediated by this activity. (silverchair.com)
  • Lessons learned from the study of NK cell memory could help with the design of better expansion protocols for adoptive NK cell therapy, for the manufacturing of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered NK cells and for improving NK cell-based therapies that rely on antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). (nature.com)
  • Inhibiting PPARα/δ or blocking the transport of lipids into mitochondria reversed NK cell metabolic paralysis and restored cytotoxicity. (nih.gov)
  • HCC cell death, and natural killer (NK) cell activation and cytotoxicity were assessed in vitro after treatment with the TLR3 ligand poly(I:C). The effect of TLR3 on the tumor parenchyma and infiltrating immune cells was investigated in a spontaneous liver tumor mouse model and a transplanted tumor mouse model (n = 3-9 mice per group). (nih.gov)
  • Nevertheless, ex vivo activation with cytokines can restore cytolytic activity of NK cells against GB, indicating that NK cells have potential for adoptive immunotherapy of GB if potent cytotoxicity can be maintained in vivo . (frontiersin.org)
  • NK cells contribute to cancer immune surveillance not only by their direct natural cytotoxicity which is triggered rapidly upon stimulation through germline-encoded cell surface receptors, but also by modulating T-cell mediated antitumor immune responses through maintaining the quality of dendritic cells and enhancing the presentation of tumor antigens. (frontiersin.org)
  • Adding lunasin to IL-12- or IL-2-stimulated NK cells demonstrated synergistic effects in the induction of IFNG and GZMB involved in cytotoxicity. (weeksmd.com)
  • Natural killer (NK) cells are sensitive biomarkers for IFN-α/β receptor signaling, as NK cell cytotoxicity and IFN-γ production are regulated by signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1- and STAT4-phosphorylation, respectively. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Specifically, pSTAT1-dependent NK cell cytotoxicity increases and pSTAT4-dependent IFN-γ production decreases in response to endogenous, virus-induced IFN-α and during IFN-α-based therapy. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Unlike cytotoxic T cells, they do not require prior sensitization to eliminate tumor cells but mediate cytotoxicity through complex interactions between NK cell surface receptors and their cognate ligands expressed on their respective target cells [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We tested whether natural killer cells expanded by co-culture with K562 cells transfected with 41BBL and membrane-bound interleukin-15 could kill myeloma cells with a high-risk gene expression profile in vitro and in a unique model which recapitulates human myeloma. (haematologica.org)
  • In vitro, cytolytic activity in IRF-1-deficient NK cells remained defective after stimulation with IFN-beta, IL-2, and IL-12. (silverchair.com)
  • The present study had aimed to evaluate the effect of a feeder layer of irradiated MSCs in the in vitro expansion of NK cells. (springer.com)
  • Intron A has been shown to have intracellular, antiviral immunomodulatory, and antiproliferative effects, in-vitro and in-vivo. (centerwatch.com)
  • Moreover, this is the first paper to clearly establish that a CD56 bright CD3 - CD16 - perforin- NK reg population associates with a lack of cGvHD and has several unique characteristics, including the suppression of helper T-cell function in vitro. (haematologica.org)
  • While this effect on in vitro systems is promising, Lunasin 's efficacy in an in vivo system is yet to be assessed. (weeksmd.com)
  • NK activation was evaluated, and its tumoricidal activity was assessed using in vitro and in vivo tumor models. (weeksmd.com)
  • In addition, NK cells stimulated with lunasin plus cytokines displayed higher tumoricidal activity than those stimulated with cytokines alone using in vitro and in vivo tumor models. (weeksmd.com)
  • In vitro studies based on MCF-7 cell proliferation and induction of vitellogenin in primary culture of rainbow trout hepatocytes. (cdc.gov)
  • Because alcohol blocks airway epithelial cell release of IL-6 in vitro , we hypothesized that alcohol exposure would alter mouse lung inflammatory responses to HDE. (cdc.gov)
  • IRF-1-deficient mice were unable to eliminate syngeneic MHC class I-negative tumor cells in vivo, and had a reduced ability to reject parental semi-allogeneic donor cells from the circulation. (silverchair.com)
  • We also found that viable NK reg cells may be isolated by sorting on CD56 + and CD16 - NK cells, and this population can suppress allogeneic CD4 + T cells, but not T reg cells or CD8+ T cells through a non-cytolytic, cell-cell contact dependent mechanism. (haematologica.org)
  • Most CAR-T cell-based gene therapy products that are under clinical evaluation consist of autologous enriched T cells, whereas CAR-NK cell-based approaches can be generated from allogeneic donors. (nature.com)
  • The Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Comorbidity Index predicts survival after allogeneic transplant for nonmalignant diseases. (seattlechildrens.org)
  • Experimental treatment approaches include vaccines and nonmyeloablative allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. (medscape.com)
  • Second, NK cells can remember inflammatory cytokine milieus that imprint long-lasting non-antigen-specific NK cell effector function. (nature.com)
  • IL-27 promotes NK cell effector functions via Maf-Nrf2 pathway during influenza infection. (seattlechildrens.org)
  • During RBV pretreatment, both the frequency of CD56 dim NK cells with cytotoxic effector functions and the frequency of CD56 bright NK cells with the capacity to produce IFN-γ decreased (P=0.049 and P=0.001, respectively). (johnshopkins.edu)
  • The recruitment of cells with effector functions into the tumor microenvironment holds potential for delaying cancer progression. (bvsalud.org)
  • We show that subsets of human CD28-effector CD8 T cells , CCR7- CD45RO+ effector memory , and CCR7- CD45RO- effector memory RA phenotypes , express the chemerin receptor CMKLR1 and bind chemerin via the receptor. (bvsalud.org)
  • CMKLR1-expressing human CD8 effector memory T cells present gene , protein , and cytotoxic features of NK cells . (bvsalud.org)
  • Active chemerin promotes chemotaxis of CMKLR1-expressing CD8 effector memory cells and triggers activation of the α4ß1 integrin . (bvsalud.org)
  • Furthermore, α4 integrin blockade abrogated the chemerin-dependent recruitment of CD8+ T effector memory cells into implanted prostate tumors in vivo. (bvsalud.org)
  • The results identify a role for chemerinCMKLR1 in defining a specialized NK-like CD8 T cell , and suggest the use of chemerin-dependent modalities to target effector CMKLR1-expressing T cells to the tumor microenvironment for immunotherapeutic purposes. (bvsalud.org)
  • 2016). Natural killer cell-based adoptive immunotherapy eradicates and drives differentiation of chemoresistant bladder cancer stem-like cells. (springer.com)
  • that regulate the differentiation and activation of these cells. (cdc.gov)
  • New therapeutic concepts in anti-tumor therapy aim to modulate the patient's immune system to increase its aggressiveness or targeted effects toward tumor cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • In a proof of concept in vivo study, we also observed a therapeutic effect of adoptively transferred IL-15 expanded and IL-21 boosted NK cells in combination with image guided high precision radiation therapy using a luciferase-transduced RMS xenograft model. (frontiersin.org)
  • The therapeutic approach to renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is guided by the probability of cure, which is related directly to the stage or degree of tumor dissemination. (medscape.com)
  • Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is an important therapeutic option for patients with non-malignant diseases as well as high-risk and refractory hematopoietic malignancies. (haematologica.org)
  • Lately, CAR-NK cell therapies have also come into focus as novel therapeutic options to address hurdles related to CAR-T cell therapies, such as therapy-induced side effects. (nature.com)
  • Prior to infusion of the CAR-modified immune cells, lymphodepletion is performed in most therapeutic settings to allow efficient cell engraftment [ 10 ]. (nature.com)
  • Therapeutic silencing of RIPK1 in vivo in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity dramatically reduces fat mass, total body weight and improves insulin sensitivity, while simultaneously reducing macrophage and promoting invariant natural killer T cell accumulation in adipose tissue. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • The therapeutic activity required natural killer cells and IFN, as well as silencing of Bcl2, as evidenced by rescue with a mutated Bcl2 target, by sitespecific cleavage of Bcl2 messenger RNA in lung metastases and downregulation of Bcl-2 protein in tumor cells in vivo. (cipsm.de)
  • INB16 is a proprietary cell line owned by INmune Bio and has demonstrated capability to prime NK cells in controlled experiments, whereas INKmune TM is a commercialized embodiment of the INB16 cell line that is inactivated and prepared as a therapeutic agent for use in treating cancer. (inmunebio.com)
  • The first evidence for the therapeutic effectiveness of natural killer (NK) cells in AML was established in a study of 57 adult patients, in which none of the 20 individuals who received haploidentical cell transplantation from a killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR)-human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-mismatched donor experienced disease relapse [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This has led to the development of two therapeutic approaches to harness the antileukemic effect of alloreactive NK cells for patients with AML. (biomedcentral.com)
  • NK cell proliferation, phenotypic expression and cytotoxic activity were evaluated. (springer.com)
  • In vivo, poly(I:C) treatment increased intratumoral chemokine expression, NK-cell activation and tumor infiltration, and proliferation of tumor-infiltrating T and NK cells. (nih.gov)
  • Proliferation of tumor parenchyma cells was decreased. (nih.gov)
  • Its roles include regulation of proliferation, promotion of immune system and activation of apoptosis in B cells. (intechopen.com)
  • In these cells, IL-21 does not promote proliferation but enhances apoptosis and chemotaxis. (intechopen.com)
  • Transcriptome and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed c-Myc as a new and direct downstream target of XBP1 for regulation of NK cell proliferation. (cancerindex.org)
  • Knockdown of KDM1B inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells. (cancerindex.org)
  • Patients may alternatively receive lympho-depleting chemotherapy followed by adoptive transfer of purified NK cells from an alloreactive donor, resulting in homeostatic lymphocyte proliferation with transient donor NK cell expansion in recipients [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here, we demonstrate that the endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1α) and its substrate transcription factor X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1) drive NK cell responses against viral infection and tumors in vivo. (cancerindex.org)
  • At the end of 2023, researchers at Lund Stem Cell Center received funding amounting to SEK 77.5 million from the Swedish Research Council, the Swedish Cancer Society, and the Swedish Childhood Cancer Fund. (lu.se)
  • Distinct receptor-ligand interactions and distinct cytokine milieus lead to the generation of antigen-specific memory NK cells. (nature.com)
  • These studies have identified LY49H as the MCMV-specific activating NK cell receptor and m157 as the cognate viral ligand recognized by LY49H. (nature.com)
  • Here, we show that obesity induces robust peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-driven lipid accumulation in NK cells, causing complete 'paralysis' of their cellular metabolism and trafficking. (nih.gov)
  • Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies are on the verge of becoming powerful immunotherapeutic tools for combating hematological diseases confronted with pressing medical needs. (nature.com)
  • Classical " CARs consist of an extracellular binding domain mostly derived from a monoclonal antibody fragment (single-chain variable fragment-scFv), which is linked to intracellular binding domains of the T-cell receptor complex. (nature.com)
  • ARV-471 is believed to work by targeting and degrading the estrogen receptor that is found in breast cancer cells. (facingourrisk.org)
  • Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) is a central regulator of inflammatory cell function that coordinates inflammation, apoptosis and necroptosis in response to inflammatory stimuli. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • We determined if adoptive transfer of natural killer (NK) cells from haploidentical killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR)-human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-mismatched donors may prolong event-free survival in children with intermediate-risk AML who were in first complete remission after chemotherapy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Studies sug- terized by flow cytometry using anti between the immune response and the gest that HCV inhibits receptor genes in CD3, CD56 and CD16 monoclonal virus replication rate [5] and play a cru- the activation of NK cells [20], and the antibodies. (who.int)
  • CRTH2: Chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed includes nonallergic asthma phenotypes, such as asthma on TH2 cells associated with exposure to air pollution, infection, or obesity, ILC: Innate lymphoid cell that require innate rather than adaptive immunity. (cdc.gov)
  • Various immune-suppressive cell populations appear to associate with suppression of cGvHD, including T reg cells, B reg cells, M2 macrophages, dendritic cells, and CD56 bright natural killer (NK) cells. (haematologica.org)
  • This is achieved through the early control of cytomegalovirus, which dramatically reduces the activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) for cytokine production, preserves the conventional dendritic cell (cDC) compartment, and accelerates antiviral CD8 T cell responses. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are the professional producers of IFN-I in response to many viruses, including all of the herpesviruses tested. (mdpi.com)
  • Recognition of 5¢-triphosphate by the cytosolic antiviral helicase retinoic acid-induced protein I (Rig-I, encoded by Ddx58) activated innate immune cells such as dendritic cells and directly induced expression of interferons (IFNs) and apoptosis in tumor cells. (cipsm.de)
  • Defective migration of monocyte-derived dendritic cells in LAD-1 immunodeficiency. (lu.se)
  • These mice are devoid of endogenous natural killer and T-cell activity and were used to determine whether adoptively transferred expanded natural killer cells could inhibit myeloma growth and myeloma-associated bone destruction. (haematologica.org)
  • CAR-modified immune cells are expanded until sufficient cell numbers are attained and are adoptively transferred into the patient to fight malignant cells. (nature.com)
  • The inhibitory KIRs 2DL1 (CD158a), 2DL2/3 (CD158b), and 3DL1 (CD158e1) are such surface receptors and allow adoptively transferred donor NK cells to exert potent antileukemic effects if the cognate HLA class I ligands are absent in the recipients [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • They can be activated rapidly via germ-line encoded receptors that recognize the presence of stress ligands or absence of self-antigens on target cells ( 1 - 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • 2014). Human NK cells: From surface receptors to the therapy of leukemias and solid tumors. (springer.com)
  • The activity of these cells (NK cells) is inhibited, if there is cell signaling through inhibitory receptors (Ly49 - mouse, KIR- human). (wikipedia.org)
  • These receptors recognized MHC I molecules on other cells and interact with them. (wikipedia.org)
  • One way to achieve this is to genetically modify immune cells, mainly T cells and recently also natural killer (NK) cells, to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs). (nature.com)
  • Furthermore, similar to T cells, specific recognition and elimination of cancer cells by NK cells can be markedly enhanced through expression of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), which provides an opportunity to generate NK-cell therapeutics of defined specificity for cancer immunotherapy. (frontiersin.org)
  • The activation of natural killer (NK) cells, cytotoxic lymphocytes capable of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-unrestricted killing and early antiviral defense, is temporally related to the increased interferon (IFN)-alpha/beta production that is seen in the viral infection of mice. (silverchair.com)
  • The statistically significant rises in the cell count of total lymphocytes, monocytes and natural killer (NK) cells was noteworthy. (iiarjournals.org)
  • Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) (see the image below) is a heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative disorders characterized by localization of neoplastic T lymphocytes to the skin, with no evidence of extracutaneous disease at the time of diagnosis. (medscape.com)
  • The transcription factor interferon regulatory factor-1 is essential for natural killer cell function in vivo. (silverchair.com)
  • The test quantitated the amount of interferon-γ secreted into the plasma by NK cells, using a patented stimulatory cytokine. (jcpjournal.org)
  • 1 Significant advances have been made by combining novel agents with autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation which allows for long-term disease-free survival in the majority of transplant-eligible patients. (haematologica.org)
  • In vivo development and survival of NK cells require cytokines ( 6 - 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Together, 3p-siRNA represents a single molecule-based approach in which Rig-I activation on both the immune- and tumor cell level corrects immune ignorance and in which gene silencing corrects key molecular events that govern tumor cell survival. (cipsm.de)
  • High proportion of CD4+PD1+TIM3+ T cells predicted poor survival. (helsinki.fi)
  • As primary endpoint, the event-free survival was compared to a cohort of 55 patients who completed chemotherapy and were in first complete remission but did not receive NK cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • [ 18 ] A study by Alt et al found that complete resection of multiple renal cell carcinoma metastases may be associated with long-term survival. (medscape.com)
  • This applies as well in the adjuvant treatment of surgically resected renal cell carcinoma, for which no therapy has yet been found to offer survival benefit. (medscape.com)
  • These Rig-I-mediated activities synergized with siRNA-mediated Bcl2 silencing to provoke massive apoptosis of tumor cells in lung metastases in vivo. (cipsm.de)
  • Shaping of natural killer cell antitumor activity by ex vivo cultivation. (springer.com)
  • Immunological and translational aspects of NK cell-based antitumor immunotherapies. (springer.com)
  • In vivo, NK cells had blunted antitumor responses and failed to reduce tumor growth in obesity. (nih.gov)
  • Three main types of NK cell memory exist, namely hapten-specific NK cell memory, virus-specific NK cell memory and cytokine-induced NK cell memory. (nature.com)
  • Cytokine-induced memory NK cells can be generated by exposure to inflammatory cytokines even in the absence of a defined antigen. (nature.com)
  • For example, hapten-specific memory NK cells reside in the liver, influenza virus-specific memory NK cells reside in the liver and lung, and mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV)-specific NK cells and cytokine-induced memory NK cells are systemically distributed. (nature.com)
  • These include effects on intracellular oncogene expression, stimulation of natural killer and cytotoxic T-cells, microphage activation, and induction of cytokine production. (centerwatch.com)
  • Thus, the extent to which NK cell responses benefit the host goes beyond their direct antiviral effects and extends to the prevention of innate cytokine shock and to the promotion of adaptive immunity. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • With the goal of further improving cytokine-based immunotherapy, we examined the effects of a soybean peptide called lunasin that synergistically works with cytokines on natural killer (NK) cells. (weeksmd.com)
  • In these studies, the research team successfully used Imaris to visualize the long-standing interactions between CD169+ macrophages and iNKT cells and found very fast iNKT activation and cytokine secretion. (labbulletin.com)
  • cytokine levels cause a decline in cell numbers. (123dok.net)
  • Type I IFN (IFN-alpha/beta) are expressed in many cell types early after primary viral infection and have been shown to mediate resistance against a variety of viruses. (silverchair.com)
  • This system allowed us to demonstrate, to our knowledge for the first time, that NK cells accelerate CD8 T cell responses against a viral infection in vivo. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Besides surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, immune activation by direct application of cytokines, antibodies or adoptive cell therapy are promising approaches. (frontiersin.org)
  • In this study, we addressed feeder cell-free expansion methods using common γ-chain cytokines, especially IL-15 and IL-21. (frontiersin.org)
  • In this context, cytokines have been shown to activate NK cells potently during ex vivo expansion ( 9 - 12 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The combination of lunasin and cytokines (IL-12 plus IL-2) was capable of restoring IFNγ production by NK cells from post-transplant lymphoma patients. (weeksmd.com)
  • The Lymphocyte Interaction Laboratory was the first team to establish a role for a group of macrophages in acquiring antigen and presenting intact antigen to follicular B cells in lymph nodes in vivo . (labbulletin.com)
  • Diagnosis is by detecting lymphopenia, absence or a very low number of T cells, and impaired lymphocyte proliferative responses to mitogens. (msdmanuals.com)
  • NK cells have been seen as potential agents in adoptive immunotherapy for cancer. (springer.com)
  • Natural killer cell adoptive immunotherapy: Coming of age. (springer.com)
  • We then outline preclinical approaches that employ CAR-NK cells for GB immunotherapy, and give an overview on the ongoing clinical development of ErbB2 (HER2)-specific CAR-NK cells currently applied in a phase I clinical trial in glioblastoma patients. (frontiersin.org)
  • In summary, this two-phased feeder cell-free ex vivo culturing protocol combined efficient expansion and high cytolytic functionality of NK cells for treatment of radiation-resistant RMS. (frontiersin.org)
  • Results Natural killer cells from healthy donors and myeloma patients expanded a median of 804- and 351-fold, respectively, without significant T-cell expansion. (haematologica.org)
  • Therefore, ex vivo NK cell expansion protocols are currently being developed. (frontiersin.org)
  • Our results demonstrated high potential of IL-15 for NK cell expansion, while IL-21 triggered NK cell maturation and functionality. (frontiersin.org)
  • Hence, we established a two-phase expansion protocol with IL-15 to induce an early NK cell expansion, followed by short exposure to IL-21 that boosted the cytotoxic activity of NK cells against RMS cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • NK expansion and activation were stimulated by culture with artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPCs) and IL-2, in the presence or absence of BM-MSCs. (springer.com)
  • Isolation, expansion, and characterization of natural killer cells and their precursors as a tool to study cancer immunosurveillance. (springer.com)
  • With further investigation we may decipher the mechanism of NK reg suppression and operationalize expansion of NK reg cells associated with cGvHD suppression. (haematologica.org)
  • IRE1α-XBP1 were essential for expansion of activated mouse and human NK cells and are situated downstream of the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway. (cancerindex.org)
  • Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy donors and post-transplant lymphoma patients were stimulated with or without lunasin in the presence of IL-12 or IL-2. (weeksmd.com)
  • Natural killer cells promote early CD8 T cell responses against cytomegalovirus. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • By using congenic or mutant mice and wild-type versus genetically engineered viruses, we examined the consequences on antiviral CD8 T cell responses of specific defects in the ability of the NK cells to control MCMV. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Collectively, our data demonstrate that the ability of NK cells to respond very early to cytomegalovirus infection critically contributes to balance the intensity of other innate immune responses, which dampens early immunopathology and promotes optimal initiation of antiviral CD8 T cell responses. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • This study suggests that cigarette smoke compromises host immunity, enabling cancer cells to evade immune responses. (jcpjournal.org)
  • In order to study the possible role over Ficoll-Hypaque (density 1.077 production, and are the key players in that NK cells might play in the patho- g/L) (Amersham Biosciences) and immune responses to viruses [7]. (who.int)
  • A few of these inflammatory responses, such as inflammatory cell recruitment, can be modulated by alcohol exposure [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. (cdc.gov)
  • Chronic graft- versus -host disease (cGvHD) is a major cause of morbidity after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). (haematologica.org)
  • definitive treatment is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. (msdmanuals.com)
  • 2012. Rapid early innate control of hepatitis C virus during IFN-α treatment compromises adaptive CD4+T-cell immunity . (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has impaired cellular immune response and circulating NK cells, NK subsets (in- the ability to establish chronic infection virus persistence [8]. (who.int)
  • of various populations of NKR+ T cells whole blood were withdrawn from Natural killer (NK) cells are potent have been reported to be impaired in each participant on ethylenediamine- antiviral cells which eliminate the vi- chronic hepatitis C patients [16,21]. (who.int)
  • http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2014.02.015 epithelial cells and airway smooth muscle cells. (cdc.gov)
  • The basic concepts derived from studying NK cell memory might lead to novel strategies for refining vaccination protocols to improve treatments for infectious diseases. (nature.com)
  • Natural Killer Cell Protocols. (wikipedia.org)
  • Go to Renal Cell Carcinoma Treatment Protocols , Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma , and Sarcomatoid and Rhabdoid Renal Cell Carcinoma for complete information on these topics. (medscape.com)
  • The basic concepts derived from studying NK cell memory provide new insights about innate immunity and could lead to novel strategies to improve treatments for infectious diseases and cancer. (nature.com)
  • The IRE1 endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor activates natural killer cell immunity in part by regulating c-Myc. (cancerindex.org)
  • Natural killer (NK) cells are critical mediators of host immunity to pathogens. (cancerindex.org)
  • However, we know less about the biological effects of IL-21 and its signaling mechanisms in leukemia cells and monocytes. (intechopen.com)
  • Binding of this protein to CXCR3 results in pleiotropic effects, including stimulation of monocytes, natural killer and T-cell migration, and modulation of adhesion molecule expression. (cancerindex.org)
  • While natural killer (NK) cells can directly contribute to the control of viral replication, whether, and how, they may help orchestrate global antiviral defense is largely unknown. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Proof of antiviral clonal T-cells in leukemia patients during TKI therapy. (helsinki.fi)
  • 1. To be able to describe the role of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in Date of Original Release: April 2014. (cdc.gov)
  • NKT: Natural killer T innate lymphoid cells and their role in asthma. (cdc.gov)
  • MSCs were obtained from the bone marrow (BM) cells remaining in the bag and filter used in the transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells. (springer.com)
  • Approximately one-third of children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) experience disease relapse despite risk-adapted intensive multiagent chemotherapy with or without hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • CAR-expression on T or NK cells allows them to specifically target cancer cells via recognition of tumor associated antigens. (nature.com)
  • The addition of separate adapter molecules (AMs) specific for tumor antigens and CAR-immune cells targeting these AMs allows a more precise and temporally limited therapy. (nature.com)
  • Here, we discuss effects of the GB tumor microenvironment on NK-cell functionality, summarize early treatment attempts with ex vivo activated NK cells, and describe relevant CAR target antigens validated with CAR-T cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • The lack of benefit may result from insufficient numbers and limited persistence of alloreactive donor NK cells but does not preclude its potential usefulness during other phases of therapy, or in combination with other immunotherapeutic agents. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The elimination or persistence (NKRs) and mediate functions of both cells and CD56+NT cells was charac- of the infection depends on a balance T cells and NK cells [13]. (who.int)
  • However, direct injection of IL-2 has been shown to be accompanied by severe side effects, such as vascular leak syndrome, activation-induced cell death, and strong induction of regulatory CD4 pos T cells, which did not occur after IL-15 administration ( 15 , 16 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • It means activation of NK cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • TLR3 expression in patient samples correlated with NK-cell activation, NK- and T-cell tumor infiltration, and inversely correlated with tumor parenchyma cell viability. (nih.gov)
  • Furthermore, the so-called adapter CARs have been developed by splitting antigen recognition and CAR-immune cell activation. (nature.com)
  • Conversely, exogenous IFN-alpha administration in resistant animals ablates cDCs and delays CD8 T cell activation in the face of NK cell control of viral replication. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Domaica, C.I. Human Natural Killer Cell Maturation Defect Supports In Vivo CD56bright to CD56dim Lineage Development. (uba.ar)
  • Zwirner, N.W. 'Human Natural Killer Cell Maturation Defect Supports In Vivo CD56bright to CD56dim Lineage Development' (2012) PLoS ONE. (uba.ar)
  • Characterization of immune cell contexture in adult ALL bone marrow microenvironment. (helsinki.fi)
  • Functional characterization of natural killer cells in type I leukocyte adhesion deficiency. (lu.se)
  • In this review, we are going to take a closer look at the commercial CAR-T cell therapies, as well as on CAR-T and CAR-NK cell products, which are currently under evaluation in clinical trials, that are being conducted in Germany. (nature.com)
  • Under the agreement, Sanofi receives an exclusive license to use Scribe's CRISPR X-Editing (XE) genome editing technologies for the development of in vivo therapies, including sickle cell disease. (bio-itworld.com)
  • The agreement follows the launch of the companies' existing collaboration focused on ex vivo editing of natural killer (NK) cell therapies for the treatment of cancer. (bio-itworld.com)
  • NK cells were obtained from peripheral blood (PB) of healthy volunteers. (springer.com)
  • Purified, unmanipulated NK cells were infused on Day 0, and NK cell chimerism and phenotyping from peripheral blood were performed on Days 7, 14, 21, and 28. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We have developed a simple, liposome-based approach to generate multivalent carbohydrate vaccines, and in place of an antigenic peptide or protein, we have used a potent antigen for natural killer T cells. (rsc.org)
  • Adoptive transfer of expanded natural killer cells inhibited the growth of established OPM2 and high-risk primary myeloma tumors grown in the murine model. (haematologica.org)
  • In this study, the role of the transcriptional activator IFN regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) in murine NK cell activity was assessed. (silverchair.com)
  • Our results confirm a potential role of NK cells and the different subsets in the pathogenesis of chronic HCV infection. (who.int)
  • While GB tumors are frequently infiltrated by natural killer (NK) cells, these are actively suppressed by the GB cells and the GB tumor microenvironment. (frontiersin.org)
  • In an experimental prostate tumor mouse model, chemerin expression is downregulated in the tumor microenvironment , which is associated with few tumor -infiltrating CD8+ T cells , while forced overexpression of chemerin by mouse prostate cancer cells leads to an accumulation of intra- tumor CD8+ T cells . (bvsalud.org)
  • In the last years, adoptive transfer of natural killer (NK) cells came into the focus of translational medicine, because of their high cytotoxic potential against transformed malignant cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • With their ability to detect and directly destroy virally infected or malignant cells, natural killer (NK) cells form an important part of the first line defense of the immune system. (frontiersin.org)
  • Normally, potentially malignant cells are continuously eliminated by the immune system, but cancer cells can accumulate certain mutations, which allow them to escape these mechanisms [ 2 ]. (nature.com)
  • Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant plasma cell disorder with debilitating symptoms related to anemia, immunosuppression, bone destruction, and renal failure. (haematologica.org)
  • A main challenge of NK cell therapy is that it requires a high amount of functional NK cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Understanding of molecular mechanisms in natural killer cell therapy. (springer.com)
  • It is possible that NK cell memory activity could be exploited for cancer therapy. (nature.com)
  • Figure 3: Potential applications of memory NK cells for tumour therapy. (nature.com)
  • 2013. Escalating regulation of 5T4-specific IFN- + CD4+ T cells distinguishes colorectal cancer patients from healthy controls and provides a target for in vivo therapy . (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • Besides modification based on a second-generation CAR, more advanced CAR-immune cell therapeutics are being tested, which utilize precise insertion of genes to circumvent graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) or employ a dual targeting approach and adapter CARs in order to avoid therapy resistance caused by antigen loss. (nature.com)
  • An autologous CAR-T or NK cell therapy comprises several steps as shown in Fig. 1 . (nature.com)
  • Gene therapy has attracted attention for its potential to specifically and efficiently target cancer cells with minimal toxicity to normal cells. (weeksmd.com)
  • To assess whether RBV has a direct effect on NK cells and/or improves the IFN-γ response of NK cells in the presence of IFN-α, we prospectively studied 22 HCV patients with and 32 patients without 4 weeks of RBV pretreatment, who all received subsequent pegylated (Peg)IFN/ribavirin combination therapy. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • This gene product is a bZIP protein, which was also identified as a cellular transcription factor that binds to an enhancer in the promoter of the T cell leukemia virus type 1 promoter. (cancerindex.org)
  • The signaling mechanisms of IL-21 in different cell types have been identified. (intechopen.com)
  • Transcriptome analysis of a small patient cohort of CD56 bright compared to CD56 dim NK cells found the NK reg cells to also overexpress Granzyme K, IL-7R, GPR183, RANK, GM-CSFR, TCF7, and IL23A. (haematologica.org)